Choking Skies:

The Detrimental Impact of Air Pollution on Our Health

and Environment
Divit Mathur
Introduction
In the invisible dance between mankind and the
atmosphere, the consequences of our actions
manifest in the silent but profound harm of air
pollution. As we navigate through urban
landscapes and industrial realms, an ominous veil
envelopes our world, affecting not just the air we
breathe but casting a shadow on our collective
well-being. Join me on a journey to unveil the
intricacies of this pressing issue and explore the
far-reaching implications of our impact on the
air we all share.

2
What causes air
pollution
 Carbon Monoxide
Source: Vehicle exhausts. Concentrations are generally found near roads.

Problem: Carbon monoxide, a colourless and odourless gas, poses a significant threat to human health
and the environment. Its problems include its ability to bind to haemoglobin, reducing the blood's
capacity to carry oxygen, and leading to potential cases of poisoning. In addition, the combustion of
fossil fuels releases carbon monoxide, contributing to air pollution and climate change. The pervasive
nature of this gas demands attention, as its consequences extend beyond immediate health risks to
broader environmental implications.
 Carbon Dioxide
Source: Vehicle exhausts, Power stations, other industrial processes and domestic heating.

Problems : Carbon dioxide, though essential for life in natural quantities, becomes problematic when
excessive amounts are released into the atmosphere. The main concerns include its role as a
greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming and climate change. Elevated carbon dioxide levels
lead to rising temperatures, altered weather patterns, and disruptions in ecosystems. Additionally,
increased CO2 absorption by oceans results in ocean acidification, harming marine life. The ongoing
challenge lies in managing and reducing carbon dioxide emissions to mitigate these adverse impacts
on both the environment and human well-being.
 Nitrogen Dioxide
Source: The majority of nitrogen dioxide is emitted from vehicle exhausts in the form of nitric oxide which
is not harmful to health. Power stations also emit nitrogen dioxide.

Problem: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) presents several environmental and health problems. As a major
component of air pollution, NO2 contributes to respiratory issues, aggravating conditions like asthma and
reducing lung function. Prolonged exposure can lead to the development of respiratory diseases.
Additionally, NO2 plays a role in the formation of ground-level ozone and fine particulate matter, both of
which have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Furthermore, nitrogen dioxide
contributes to acid rain, negatively impacting soil quality, water bodies, and aquatic ecosystems. Its role in
air pollution underscores the importance of reducing emissions to safeguard both public health and the
well-being of our environment.
 Ground level ozone
Source: Formed by a complex set of reactions involving nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons (largely
from vehicle exhausts) in the presence of sunlight. It's a particular problem in big cities
with sunny climates.
Problems: While the naturally occurring come in the upper groschen (the ozone layer) protects the
Earth, ground-level ozone is harmful to health, Ozone causes photochemical smog Although often
Invisible, this can be extremely harmful-leading to irritations of the respiratory tract and eyes.
 Particulate Matter
Source: Sand, sea spray, construction dust, soot from open fires, and fumes
from diesel vehicles.

Problems: This is less of a problem for MEDCs today. But smog (fog smoke)
caused many deaths from respiratory diseases before the introduction
of Clean Air Acts.
 Sulfur Dioxide
Sources: Coal- and oil-fired power stations (65% of the total emissions) and vehicle
exhausts. The highest levels of sulfur dioxide are recorded in areas where coal is used
extensively

Problems: Short-term exposure to high levels of sulfur dioxide can cause coughing,
tightening of the chest and irritation of the lungs. It increases the acidity of rain, which
can be an issue outside urban areas. Hydrocarbons (Including benzene) Vehicle
exhausts. Levels are therefore highest close to busy roads or in the vicinity of petrol
filling stations. Levels are strictly monitored in MEDCS today. Contributes to the
formation of ground-level ozone. Long-term exposure to high levels of benzene and
1,3 butadiene has been linked to leukaemia and cancer.
 Hydrocarbons
(including benzene)

Sources: Vehicle exhausts. Levels are therefore highest close to busy roads or in the vicinity of petrol
filling stations.

Problems: Levels are strictly monitored in MEDCS today. Contributes to the formation of ground-level
ozone. Long-term exposure to high levels of benzene and 1,3 butadiene has been linked to leukaemia
and cancer..
 Lead
Sources: Exhaust gases from leaded petrol

Problems: Lead exposure can pose serious health risks, affecting the nervous
system, cognitive function, and other organs. Common sources include old paint,
contaminated water, and certain occupations. If you suspect lead exposure, seek
professional testing and, if necessary, take measures to reduce exposure, such as lead
abatement in homes or using proper protective equipment in workplaces.
Thank you

divitsmathur@gmail.com