NESA No.

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SECTION 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE

Answer all questions (1-20) on the multiple choice answer sheet

Allow about 30 minutes for this section
Each question is 1 mark.

Part A: Analysing Data and Information

Question 1
Which process usually results in offspring that exhibit new genetic variations?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Question 2

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How does the type of reproduction shown in Method A in the diagram below differ from the type of
reproduction shown in method B?

(A) Method A illustrates sexual reproduction, and method B illustrates asexual

reproduction.

(B) Offspring produced by method B will be genetically alike, but offspring produced
by method A will be genetically different.

(C) The two cells shown in the last step of method A are genetically alike, but the two
cells shown in the last step of method B are genetically different.

(D) Offspring produced by method A will be genetically like the parent, but offspring
produced by method B will be genetically different from the parents.

Question 3

The genome of the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca has been recently sequenced to show a
relatively small genome of just 206 million base pairs. F.vesca is an ancestor of the garden
strawberry and is a relative of apples and peaches.

The genome of F.vesca

(A) is found only in the stem cells of the woodland strawberry.

(B) includes all of the proteins made by F.vesca.

(C) comprises all of the genes of F.vesca.

(D) is the same as the genome of the apple.

Question 4

The gamete plays an important part in sexual reproduction as it carries

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(A) genetics information from both parents

(B) Half the genetic information of the parent

(C) All the genetic information from the parent

(D) Double the genetic information of the parent

Question 5

The diagram represents one pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Crossing-over occurs
and random segregation takes place.

What genotypes are produced?

(A) ABG, abG, ABg, abg

(B) ABG, aBG, Abg, abg

(C) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

Question 6

Consider the following karyotype.

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The cell from which these chromosomes were taken

(A) from a human male.

(B) comes from a human female.

(C) trisomy on chromosome six

(D) Has a diploid number of 22

Question 7

Which row correctly identifies the features of DNA and RNA molecules?

DNA and RNA contain both DNA and RNA both Hydrogen bonds form
purine & pyrimidine bases contain a pentose sugar between bases in some
RNA
(A) √ √ √

(B) √ √ X

(C) √ X √

(D) X √ X

Key: √ = correct statement X = incorrect statement

Use the following image to answer question 8 and 9.

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Question 8

The image above shows double stranded DNA replicating.

What do the two different colours of the strands represent?

(A) the antiparallel direction of the strands

(B) the bases that pair together in a DNA strand

(C) the semi-conservative pattern of replication

(D) the degenerate code of DNA

Question 9

The enzyme that unzips the two strands of DNA is:

(A) Helicase

(B) Primase

(C) Polymerase

(D) Ligase

Question 10

Which of the following is an example that shows how the environment may affect the expression of
a gene in an individual?

(A) Many people with red hair also have freckles and green eyes.

(B) Homozygous snapdragon plants have red or white flowers, but hybrids have pink
flowers.

(C) Black fur develops under a cold pack placed on the white fur of a Himalayan

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rabbit.

(D) Identical twins brought up in different areas show many physical similarities.

Part B: Processing Data and Information

Question 11

An inherited form of factor XIII deficiency follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
The child has factor XIII deficiency. Both of the parents of this child do not have the deficiency. The
child has a brother.

The chance that this brother does not have any copies of the allele for factor XIII is:

(A) one in two

(B) one in four

(C) one in three

(D) three in four.

Question 12

Flamingos are birds that live by lakes. The feather colour of flamingos may vary from white to pink
to red. To investigate the inheritance of feather colour, a scientist performed the following crosses
and recorded the feather colour of all the offspring when one year old. The diet of the offspring was
also recorded.

Cross Feather colour of Feather colour of all one- Diet of offspring

parents year-old offspring

1 white X white white aquatic plant

2 red X white white aquatic plants

3 white X white pink algae and crustaceans

4 red X white pink algae and crustaceans

Based on this information, a correct conclusion would be that

(A) both the parents in cross 1 must be homozygous for white feather colour

(B) white feather colour is recessive to red feather colour

(C) the feather colour of flamingos is influenced by the environment

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(D) two parents, both with pink feather colour, would produce one-year-old offspring
with only pink feather colour.

Question 13
The polypeptides, DNA and RNA, are involved in the process of protein synthesis.
A mononucleotide consists of three components represented by the diagrams below.

The diagram that shows the correct arrangement of these components in a mononucleotide is:

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Question 14
A blood type AB woman marries a blood type O man and she gets pregnant with their first child.
The couple has a daughter. What is the chance that she will have type A blood?

(A) 25%

(B) 50%

(C) 75%

(D) 100%

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Question 15

A red-green colour-blind man marries a non-carrier woman with normal colour vision and she
becomes pregnant with twins. They are curious to find out what percent chances their future son and
daughter have of being red-green colour blind.

(A) Boy 100% chance of being colour blind; girl 0% chance of being colour blind or
being a carrier

(B) Boy 50% chance of being colour blind; girl 50% chance of being colour blind

(C) Boy 25% chance of being colour blind; girl 75% chance of being colour blind

(D) Boy 0% chance of being colour blind; girl 0% chance of being colour blind but girl
has 100% chance of being carrier

Question 16

The diagram below shows part of a strand of DNA.

ATCGCCTATCGG

Which of the options below is the most likely sequence for the complementary DNA strand?

(A) TAGGCCATAGCC

(B) TAGCGGATAGCC

(C) ATGCGGATACGG

(D) CACGCCCAGGCC

Question 17

What would be the maximum number of mRNA codons that are complementary to the original
strand of DNA in Question 16?

(A) 2

(B) 3

(C) 4

(D) 5

Question 18

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The diagram below shows a schematic representation of a protein. This protein consists of two
structures A and B. Each of these A and B structures is composed of smaller molecules represented
by the letters P,R,T,W and Z.

What scientific terms are used, first to describe structures A and B, and second to identify the smaller
molecules represented by P, R, T W and Z?

(A) Carbohydrates and polypeptides

(B) Polypeptides and amino acids

(C) Sugars and amino acids

(D) Amino acids and lipids

Question 19

The pedigree below shows the inheritance of polycystic kidney disease in a family. The affected
gene is carried on chromosome 16 and the allele that causes the condition is dominant.

One of Sue’s parents also has the condition.

What is the probability of Bill and Sue’s unborn child showing the condition?

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(A) 100%

(B) 75%

(C) 50%

(D) 25%

Question 20
A zonkey is a hybrid between a donkey and a Grevy’s zebra. Donkeys have a diploid number of 62
and the Grevy’s zebra a diploid number of 46. The hybrid will have a diploid number of:

(A) 23

(B) 31

(C) 54

(D) 108

SECTION 2: Written responses

Allow about 35 minutes for this part.

Answer the questions in the space provided under the question.
DO NOT WRITE IN THE MARGINS AT THE SIDE.
If you require more space please use the lined sheets at the back of the paper – CLEARLY
INDICATE WHICH QUESTION YOU ARE COMPLETING.

Part A - (a) Problem Solving

Question 21 (6 marks)
If a chestnut horse is mated with a white horse, the offspring will be palomino.

Palomino horses have coats with a colour intermediate between chestnut and white – the colour is a
blend. There are not separate chestnut coloured hairs and white hairs.

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(a) Explain, using a Punnett square, how the intermediate colour of the Palomino is formed.
(3 marks)

The genotype for the Chestnut horse is CCCC and the genotype for the White horse is CWCW .

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(Question 21 continues on the next page)

(b) Predict the colour of the offspring of a cross of two Palominos. (3 marks)
Show your working and include the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.

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Question 22 (5 marks)
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets (HHR) is a human disorder related to low levels of phosphate
in the blood. HHR follows an x-linked dominant mode of inheritance. A male with HHR has six
children – three boys and three girls. The mother of the children does not have HHR.
(a) Draw a pedigree in the space below to show the information above and shade all
individuals who will have HHR. (2 marks)

(Question 22 continues on the next page)

In another family, a different trait occurs in some individuals, as shown in the pedigree below.

(b) Determine the mode of inheritance of this different trait and give two reasons to
support your response. (3 marks)

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Mode of inheritance _________________________________________________________

Reason 1 ____________________________________________________________________
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Reason 2 ____________________________________________________________________
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Question 23 (8 marks)
In Australia, Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is
associated with the development of a toxic protein in the brain known as amyloid beta-protein. The
amyloid beta-protein builds up to form plaques in the brain. This causes symptoms such as memory
loss.
The synthesis of amyloid beta-protein occurs in two stages.
(a) Name the two stages of protein synthesis. (1 mark)

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The diagram below represents some of the steps in the two stages named in part (a)

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(b) Label two types of RNA present on the diagram. (1 mark)

(question 23 continues on the next page)

(c) Describe the role of RNA in the processes occurring at location 1 and 2 in the
diagram. (4 marks)

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(d) Using the mRNA codon table below identify the amino acids labelled X and
Y on the diagram. (2 marks)

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Amino acid 1 : _______________________ Amino acid 2 : __________________

Question 24 (5 marks)
The following diagram represents the arrangement of DNA and chromosomes in eukaryotic (diagram
A) and prokaryotic cells (diagram B).
Diagram A shows a chromosome that has been unravelled to show typical structures in eukaryotic
nuclear DNA.
Diagram B shows a bacterial cell (structure 8 is the bacterial cell membrane).

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(a) Identify the structures labelled 2, 3 and 4. (3 marks)

2: _____________________________
3: _____________________________
4:______________________________

(b) Identify the structures labelled 6 and 7. (2 marks)

6: _________________________________
7: _________________________________

Question 25 (7 marks)
(a) Complete the diagram of crossing over – just show the end result of the
crossing over before the next stages of meiosis. (2 marks)

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(b) Identify the gametes that could have resulted from the process in part (a).
(4 marks)

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(c) What is the potential advantage of crossing over during meiosis? (1 mark)

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Question 26 (4 marks)
(a) Name the four levels of structure of proteins. (1 mark)

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(b) Using a named example of a protein you have researched, relate the structure to
the function of this protein. (3 marks)

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