Father Saturnino Urios University

Arts and Sciences Program

What Is Research?
IC-RES 130: Elements of Research

Textbook: Research Made Easier

by Amadeo P. Cristobal , Jr.
Learning Objectives:

▰ a. define and characterize research;

▰ b. identify the purposes of research;
▰ c. describe the role of research in advancing
human knowledge; and,
▰ d. answer a 10-item quiz.

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ACTIVITY

▰ Collaborate in groups to craft a definition of

"research" by assigning a meaning to each
letter. Share your group's definition and
reasoning with the class for a comprehensive
understanding.

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 Chapter 1: What is Research?

D ▰ a “systematic inquiry that uses disciplined

E methods to answer questions or solve
F problems”
I
N ▰ “the continuing discovery and exploration
I of the unknown”
T
I
O ▰ “a diligent, systematic inquiry or investigation to
N validate and refine existing knowledge and
S generate new knowledge”
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Example: (Validation and Refinement)

Risk Management:
▰ Existing Knowledge A company has identified potential
financial risks, such as currency fluctuations or interest rate changes.
▰ Validation Monitor and assess the impact of these
risks on the financial performance of the company.
▰ Refinement If new risks emerge or if the severity of
existing risks changes, refine risk management strategies, such as
implementing new hedging techniques or adjusting risk tolerance
levels.
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D “a critical and self-critical inquiry aimed at
E contributing towards the advancement of
F knowledge and wisdom”
I
N
“the careful, unbiased investigation of a
I
problem based on demonstrable facts”
T
I
O “a refined technique of thinking, employing
N specialized tools, instruments, and procedures”
S
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▰ “a systematic search for and
validation of knowledge about
different issues”

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▰ “Research is a process of steps used
to collect and analyze information to
increase our understanding of a
topic or issue”. - John W. Creswell

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 Characteristics of Research
Systematic Macro system ( the composition of chapters in an organized, logical, & scientific
manner).
Micro system (formulation of the detailed content of each chapter).
A researcher looks at the basis on which the work is founded. The results after
Objective being determined should be verified and validated. No biases. The researcher is
unbiased and impartial in their approach to the research process.

Feasible In settings like community, school, or workplace, unusual phenomena

happen and turn into potential problems. It means that it is practical and
possible to conduct.
Empirical The researcher must present evidence for details. Referencing of facts &
information. All sources should be properly cited.

Clear The choice of variables used should be explained by enriching the RRL or by
discussing different theories.
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 ROLES OF RESEARCHER
(Nieswiadomy, 2004)

7. Subject/respondent/participant

6. Patient/client advocate during study

5. User of research findings

4. Evaluator of research findings

3. Identifier of researchable problems

2. Member of a research team

1. Principal investigator 13
 Purposes of Research
Research provides a scientific basis for any practice or methodology in any
field or discipline.

Research is undertaken for continuous development of and for further

productivity in any field like education, management, business, engineering,
and other areas of endeavor.

Research develops tools for assessing the effectiveness of any practice and
operation.

Research provides solutions to problems concerning almost all issues

encountered in the different areas of work.

Research advances the personal and professional qualifications of a

practitioner.
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 Types of Research

1. Basic or pure research.

This type of research is 2. Applied research.
primarily concerned with It is concerned with using
generating new knowledge. knowledge to give
It investigates the basic immediate solutions to a
reasons and principle behind problem. A proposed
the occurrence of a intervention is a usual
particular phenomenon or contribution of this type
event. of research.
▰ Driven by pure curiosity and
the desire to expand one’s
knowledge on a specific
subject-matter or discipline. 15
 Basic or pure research Applied research

Examples:
Characteristics:
Examples:
Characteristics:
• How did the Improve agricultural crop
•Solution-specific and
1. Based on universe
the belief
begin? production.
addresses practical
knowledge for
• What are protons, Treat or cure a specific
•questions
knowledge’s sake
2. neutron,
Involves and electrons
collection and 1. disease.
Involves collection and
composed Improve
•analysis the energy
of data to examine
analysis of of?data to
• How do slime
develop or moulds
enhance theefficiency
usefulnessof homes,
of theory in
reproduce? offices, or modespractical
solving of
theory
• What transportation.
educational problems
3. Leadsisto theadvancement
specific
•2. To diagnose the
Explanatory butvery low
usually
generic code of the
of knowledge
use of a certain
descriptive .
fruit fly?
4. Explanatory in nature collection in a library.
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 GOALS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH

To produce evidence-based practice.

√ Effective and efficient practices or operations are products of research.

To establish credibility in the profession.

√ Research is essential for a profession to produce new procedures, programs,
and practices.

To observe accountability for the profession.

√ All tasks must be carried out with circumspect care and awareness that
everything has to be done efficiently.

√ To promote cost-effectiveness through documentation .

The findings of research must be shared with and utilized by the individuals,
group, or community for which the study was intended. 17
 THE RESEARCH PROCESS

1.
• Problem Identification

2.
• Review of Related Literature

3.
• Objectives Formulation

4.
• Formulation of hypotheses and assumptions
• Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework
5. Construction

6.
• Research Design Selection
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7.
• Data Collection and Processing

8.
• Data Analysis and Interpretation

9. • Report Writing

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