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Down syndrome occurs frequently in that 1 out of 800 babies are born with this disorder. Free Down
Syndrome Essays and Papers - 123HelpMe com. Dr. Jerome Lejeune and Patricia Jacobs, in 1959,
identified the link between DS and the presence of an extra chromosome (Bowman-Kruhm 12).
Translocation In order to understand the basics of Down syndrome one has to know enough about
the structural abnormality of translocation. The picture will be used to see the different shapes and
sizes of the chromosomes and pair them. In this article a narrative review of Down syndrome
including the background historical perspective aetiology and genetic mechanisms types
epidemiology as well as the physical and medical. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find
out how to manage cookies. To answer these questions a study with DS patients from Croatian
population will be investigated (Vranekovi et al. 2012). Finally, a study will be considered to classify
and review 128 DS-ALL pediatric diagnoses in the Nordic counties between 1981 and 2010 (Lundin
et al. 2014). They may have an increased risk of GI blockage which is a digestive problem. Research
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Down syndrome, also called Trisomy 21, is a chromosomal disorder that is caused by an extra
genetic material in the individual. Researchers have found that people with mosaic Down Syndrome
have fewer characteristics than people with other types; however, that cannot be exact because
people with every kind of Down Syndrome have different abilities. Down syndrome occurs when
some or all of a person's cells have an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 (National Down
Syndrome Society, 2009). I chose this piece because it has a lot to do with biology because it talks
about the brain that is part of our body. The journals include Journal Biomedical Science Journal of
Autism and Developmental Disorders and the New Trends and Issues Proceedings on. Let us write
or edit the research paper on your topic. With current medical advances in research and the widening
of public awareness of Down syndrome, patients with Down syndrome, their families, loved ones
and all the people whose lives they affect can a future full of hope and optimism. The extra
chromosome causes changes in the baby’s development resulting in physical traits characterized by
the disease. Gastroesophageal reflux is when your stomach contents have a backup into your
esophagus. Lastly WBC count proved as a factor associated with survival on DS-ALL patients. He
described these children as Mongoloids as they had slanted eyes like people of Mongolia. I want to
attend college just like you and I want to get a job too. Translocation is not linked to maternal age,
unlike nondisjunction. The effects the individual has because of the extra material is, slowed
development, many health problems, and behavioral issues. In particular, the stress of parenting tends
to be greater when the child has a significant behavior problem. Before the syndrome was identified
the families of these children used to dump them in large institutions and these children were then
put with crime perpetrators. They are trisomy 21, mosaic Down syndrome, and translocation Down
syndrome. This study exemplified some of the methods used to treat cholesteatoma as well as the
challenges inherent in the treatment of this otologic pathology for Down syndrome individuals.
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write a reflection paper on a movie. Although there is a considerable level of evidence that suggests
that parents’ having children with down syndrome experience less stress levels than do the families
of children that have many other disabilities, there are suggestions which indicate that stress
increases over time for these particular families.
I like to do many things that other kids also enjoy doing. Some individuals don’t get to choose the
way they look or control the way they act. History of Down syndrome Although much has become
known about Down syndrome in the recent centuries it is analyzed that the syndrome dates back to
the 16th century. Severity of these heart defects can lead to early death of the children suffering
from the syndrome. It also mean that parts of this chromosome breaks off to join another one.
Translocation In order to understand the basics of Down syndrome one has to know enough about
the structural abnormality of translocation. I also take a little longer to learn things because when
you have Downs Syndrome, you learn things a little slower but I can still learn the same things as
you. About 15% of individuals with Down syndrome have a condition called hypothyroidism. Give
me your paper requirements and I connect you to an academic expert. One in every 733 babies is
born with Down Syndrome. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our. These programs
are basically enhanced by the therapists. This research led to the publication of important papers on
best practices for delivering a Down syndrome diagnosis prenatally and postnatally. Down
Syndrome Research and Practice Volume - Linguistics Network. Even though his initial clinical
diagnosis was Guillain Barre Syndrome, his actual diagnosis was hypokalemic paralysis. However,
recent surveys have led to an increase in the lifetime of an average patient with Syndrome Down
(more specifically 55 years of life) (Asim et al. 2015). Most of the students were educated in a public
elementary school and the remaining was educated in combinations of home based and private
educational settings. Trisomy 21 occurs when an egg or sperm comes in with an extra copy of
chromosome 21, then, once an embryo is formed and starts to develop, the chromosome is replicated
in every single cell of the embryo. Translocation occurs in 3-4% of cases and with this type of error,
a part of chromosome 21 breaks off and attaches itself to another chromosome. In people with Down
syndrome, there are three 21st chromosomes due to. In the case of those with a family history of DS
or in cases where the pregnant woman is over 40 years of age, genetic counseling is often provided as
a means of prevention (Griffith, Moore, and Yoder 270). The most severe instances of individuals
with down syndrome have a series of congenital heart issues. The sisters and brothers of families
with an individual with down syndrome, by them understanding and being aware. The head is often
abnormally shaped, with an unusually shaped skull. These chromosomes undergo different type of
abnormalities during the genesis of human beings. It doesn’t mean that a person with Down’s
syndrome will have all of these symptoms. They may have one or a combination of them or maybe
even not at all. In addition, two differences were found between DS-ALL and non-DS-ALL people.
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The first experiment provides information about the parental origin of trisomy 21. The older the
mother is at the time of conception, the greater the vulnerability of conceiving a child suffering from
Down syndrome Margulies, 2006.
Since the early signs and studies of Down syndrome, technology has come a long way. Since I have
Down’s Syndrome, I may have some symptoms like having a short neck, decreased or poor muscle
tone, and upward slanting eyes. The cardiac problems in these patients can lead to death in infancy or
early childhood. And by age 45, the risk is 1 in 30 (Mayoclinic.com, 2007). Also, couples who
already have a baby with Down syndrome have an increased risk of having another baby with the
same condition. They also have unusual facial features such as flattened noses, large tongues, small
mouths, abnormally shaped ears, broad hands with large palm creases, and slanting almond-shaped
eyes with an abnormal iris (Griffith, Moore, and Yoder 270). It is essential to diagnose and treat this
early enough in order to lower communication problems and social impairments. The second is the
risk of having another baby with Down syndrome if you already have a child with the condition. In
their article, the authors talk about the evaluation of effects of a language intervention in children
with Down syndrome. The effects the individual has because of the extra material is, slowed
development, many health problems, and behavioral issues. First, in terms of motor functions, such
persons may exhibit motor clumsiness, and hence carry out their activities slowly (National Down
Syndrome Society, 2012). Characteristics such as height, eye color, if we have curly or straight hair
are all determined through the our genes and specifically our chromosomes. Receive a tailored piece
that meets your specific needs and requirements. In the experiment the parental origin of trisomy 21,
the maternal age as a risk Vasilis Michalopoulos 2646938 factor and events of genetic recombination
were analyzed. About-down-syndrome.com. (2006). Down Syndrome: Types of Down Syndrome.
This text is free, available online and used for guidance and inspiration. Or, one could take the
informative approach, if you are assigned an informative essay, and inform your audience about
down syndrome with one of the focus topics below. The number of the blood samples which
collected from DS patients was 116 and in 76 cases both mother and father were available. These
famous people have a family member who is affected by this condition. The life expectancy of a
person with Down Syndrome is usually sixty years; however with the right care the person could live
well into their seventies. If they overextend their neck it can cause a serious injury to the spinal cord
(Down Syndrome-Mayo Clinic). Genetic disorders may alter physical appearance and cause mild to
severe mental retardation. The abnormalities suffered by these patients are because of the extra
chromosome that results from an error in the copying of the genetic material during the transfer from
parent to offspring. An extra chromosome chromosome 21 originates in the development of either the
sperm or the egg. As for the formal sources of support, they include the healthcare professionals as
well as other health care organizations. Researchers have found that people with mosaic Down
Syndrome have fewer characteristics than people with other types; however, that cannot be exact
because people with every kind of Down Syndrome have different abilities. With spinal problems if
individuals with Down syndrome have it, it affects the top two vertebrates in their neck. Down
syndrome ultimately affects the individual both mentally and physically. The following screening
tests are used to analyze if a patient is suffering from Down syndrome or not Nuchal translucency
testing: - This type of test is carried out between the 11 to 14th week of pregnancy and measures the
space in the folds of tissues. Medline Plus 2010. Down Syndrome. Treatment and Drugs. The age
when women start having a higher risk is 35 and higher.
Down syndrome children also often have behavioral problems and delayed development. Trisomy 21
Down syndrome is when an embryo has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. As a result,
they have a combination of features typical of Down Syndrome, including some degree of cognitive
disability, as well as other developmental delays. Chromosomes are units which are transferred from
parent to offspring through different processes. Special learning programs and other learning
supplements are provided for patients with DS to help them to develop up to their full potential.
Receive a tailored piece that meets your specific needs and requirements. He believed that these
children have an immense power to mimic and they can study if they are provided with the right
environment. Children and adults with strong social skills and empathy suffering from Down
Syndrome tend to enjoy better social behavior and understanding than their counter parts with the
same stage of communication delays. These chromosomes undergo different type of abnormalities
during the genesis of human beings. Patients suffering from trisomy 21 at the age of 40 and above
tend to develop neuropathologic changes and these changes lead to diseases like Alzheimer disease. I
like to do many things that other kids also enjoy doing. Around 40% of the patients have the
problem of congenital heart disease and are susceptible to defects in the endocardial cushions of
ostium primum. There are three types of Down syndrome: nondisjunction, translocation, and
mosaicism. The extra genetic material causes delays in the way a child develops both mentally and
physically. Severity of these heart defects can lead to early death of the children suffering from the
syndrome. The extra chromosome replicates in every body cell as the embryo grows. In 1866, he
published the first accurate description of a person with Down Syndrome; However, it wasn’t until
1959 that Down Syndrome was identified as a Chromosomal condition. Apart from these, they also
often suffer from gastrointestinal and heart defects. The condition came to be referred to as Down
syndrome in the early 1960s (Margulies 8). The upside to this procedure is that the fluid does not end
up in the external auditory canal and have to be cleaned, which is especially helpful in children with
Down syndrome with narrow canals. The incidence of Down syndrome found in the newborns of
United States is 1 in 700. Parenting these children with down syndrome requires they be spoken to in
a manner that will improve their mean length of utterance of words, teaching them different number
of words and teaching them about different labels (Hsiao, 2014). Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome is a
cause of Robertosonian translocation and has a profound effect on the individual (Sadler 2009;
Ugazio et al 1990) Prevalence of Down syndrome Down syndrome has been seen as a major
chromosomal disorder occurring in the United States. The studys findings were published today in
Current Biology. In addition, studies make clear that the outcome of patients of Syndrome Down
and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (DS-ALL) is inferior to that of non-DS-ALL. These symptoms
can all be witnessed in a child at birth. The CDC reported an increase from 9 infants per 10,000
births to 11.8 in 10 diverse states of the United States of America. Since I have Down’s Syndrome, I
may have some symptoms like having a short neck, decreased or poor muscle tone, and upward
slanting eyes. The problem with this type of sampling is that it carries a greater risk of miscarriage as
compared to the other tests involved in diagnostics.
Angelman syndrome, Chromosome, Chromosome 15 1062 Words 3 Pages flenfef Down Syndrome
is named after John Langdon Down, the first British doctor who first described the condition in
1987. Down made crucial observations on his patients, and identified a particular group of patients
having similar mental and physical characteristics that are now associated with DS (Bowman-Kruhm
11; Margulies 8). Although the term Mongoloids was considered racist by many it was used as a
scientific term till the 1960s when finally the scientists changed the name of the disorder to Down
syndrome (Brill 2007). Maternal alcohol use by a pregnant woman exposes the child to a range of
effects including: hyper-activity and attention problems, learning and memory deficits, and problems
with social and emotional development. There is no known proof that environmental or lifestyle
factors contribute to Down syndrome. When you have this type, it means that every single cell in
your body has an extra chromosome attached to it. Furthermore, the study will also analyse aspects
related to the psychosocial care of children in hospitals, and legal and ethical issues related to
paediatric anaesthetics. The triple screen or quadruple screen: - In these tests the quantities of
substances are measured in the maternal blood. It can come and go and may not even be a cause of
major sleep problems unless it becomes persistent. They then use the fluid taken to test the
chromosomes of the baby. A small percentage of Down syndrome individuals can also be affected by
a developmental condition called autism spectrum disorder which affects their communication and
social skills. Screening tests and diagnostic tests have their own importance when it comes to
estimating the risk of patients with Down syndrome. Translocation is associated with one parent
carrying chromosomal material that is unusually arranged, thereby, the only means of inheriting
Down Syndrome. This is a topic suggestion on Down Syndrome from Paper Masters. Another ear,
after the same procedure, developed recurrent cholesteatoma which necessitates a change to a canal-
wall-down mastoidectomy. Free Down Syndrome Essays and Papers - 123HelpMe com. It is
believed that over time with the help of different resources and techniques a proper cure to this
syndrome would be sought out. It is approximated that an individual with Down’s syndrome and in
good health will have a life expectancy of 55 years or more (“Heyn”). By continuing we’ll assume
you’re on board with our. The risk for having a child with Down syndrome increases as the maternal
age increases. Flood, 2010 Causes of Down Syndrome Down Syndrome was firstly diagnosed in
1866 by an English doctor John Langdon Down. First, the researchers attempt to explain the
occurrence of the facial dysmorphisms, which relate to other soft tissue and skeletal defects. There
are many things people might not know and should know about people with Down’s Syndrome.
There is also the staggering statistic that nearly 50% of all individuals born with Down syndrome
experience heart defects. In triple screen method three markers are taken and in quadruple screen four
markers are taken into consideration. And the author discusses the Causes and prevalence of Down
Syndrome. Most Down syndrome individuals did not inherit their condition. With current medical
advances in research and the widening of public awareness of Down syndrome, patients with Down
syndrome, their families, loved ones and all the people whose lives they affect can a future full of
hope and optimism. A minority rightly pointed out that there are already services in place and they
would not like to see a centralized facility that required traveling for families. When you have
Down’s Syndrome, some common things they like to do is dance and sing and people who have
Down’s Syndrome don’t care who watches.