CEO

Protein-free
Membrane
Transport
(Simple
Diffusion)

Protein-mediated
membrane
transport

Mathematical
Interpretation
of
Simple
Dif f usion
Factors
Af f ect
Simple
Dif f usion

Sales
Manager

Non-charged Ions Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz
Equation
分⽀主題
4 Non-charged Sales Operation

Nernst
equation
uneven
ion
distribution



Size


Concentration

Gradient Shape
Viscosity


T emperature

chemical
gradient electric
f orce Cytosol
contains
proteins
with
charges
but
impermeable
to
the
membranes
and
some
permeable
ions

osmotic
consequences electrical
consequences

Functions Diversity Classif ication Structures Mechanism

electrical
recording gating drug/toxins analysis
of
genes f acilitate
dif f usion regulation

electrical
properties chemical
properties physiological
properties Problems Product
of
many
genes Emerged
f rom
very
f ew
primordial
genes
through
duplication
and
divergence
no
saturation f ast
transport
rate low
specif ity gating carriers pumps

1.
Dependence
of
voltage
2.
T ypes
of
T ransported
Ions
3.
Direction
of
T ransport 1.
Af f inity
to
T oxins
or
Drugs
2.
Af f inity
to
Neurotransmitters
1.
Functions
2.
Modes
of
Regulation
Lack
of
specif icity
and
enough
inhibitors hypothetic
model types coupled
active
transport types AT P-powered
pumps calcium
pump ABC
superf amily
(AT P
binding
cassette)

glucose
binds
in
pore direction driving
f orce primary
reaction secondary
reactions coupled
carrier
AT P-driven
light-driven P-class
pump F-
and
V-class
pump 1
beta
subunit、1alpha
subunit calcium
binding
domain M
domain N
domain A
domain
two
hydrophobic
domains
electrostatic
repulsion
size
restriction each
with
6
transmembrane
and
2
ABC
water
dipole
orientation
pore
open
to
outside non-charged charged charged
and
non-charged pump uniporter symporter antiporter P-type
mechanism
AT P
synthesis F-type
AT Pase V-type
AT Pase binds
two
calcium binds
AT P activator

A.
T ransport
of
Salt
and
Water,
B
Regulation
of
Membrane
Potential,
C
Regulation
of
Calcium
Signaling
in
Secretion

reversible
conf ormational
change chemical
potential electrochemical
potential
combined
with
membrane
potential electrochemical
or
chemical
gradient GLUT 1 AT Pase
phosphorylated
pump F1 F0 6
AT P
binding
site
(3
a
and
3
b
subunits)

A.
T ransmembrane
Domain
T o
f orm
pore
f or
ion
entrance,
B.
Domain
f or
Selectivity
T o
allow
specif ic
ion
to
pass
through
the
channel,
C.
Gating
Domain
T o
control
the
permeability
to
ions
(ex
ligand-gated
or
voltage-gated),
D.
Regulatory
Domain
T o
regulate
activity
of
the
ion
channel
(ex
inactivation)



pore
open
to
inside saturable
and
specif ic low
AT P
concentration
catalytic
centers
f or
synthesis
and
hydrolysis
AT P