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Revealing the mitigating effect of ammonium uptake on manganese toxicity in aquatic duckweed S.
The results also show that, because of the stress-induced increase in leaf mass-to-area ratio, the
studied species showed different order of metal uptake efficiency if plant area was used as unit of
reference instead of the traditional dry weight-based approach. In recent years, the use of
duckweeds to mitigate environmental pollution and valorise wastewaters through the removal of
excess nitrogen and phosphate from wastewaters has gained considerable scientific attention. It
illustrates a community of three different species, S. Reference sequences were retrieved from the
NCBI database and highlighted in bold. According to Lucie Greene, the director of J Walter
Thompson’s Innovation Group, “Duckweed may sound more like something you’d scrape off the
bottom of your duckpond than the latest superfood, but it’s going to be one of the next go-to
healthy eating trends of 2017”. This result clearly explains that duckweed is an alternative cost
effective natural biological tool in wastewater treatment. Twice a day, the tank is emptied without
disrupting the biofilm or duckweed mat ( 2 ) and re-filled with fresh aquaculture effluent from the
nearby canal ( 3 ). The Indo-German Science and Technology Centre (IGSTC) funded an Indo-
German Workshop on Sustainable Stress Management: Aquatic plants vs. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). As no effect of tray was detected, trays have
been pooled in this simplified model depiction. Data show the discrepancy between the number of
publications for the genus Lemna compared to others. Unlike corn, duckweed requires minimal
human-made energy to grow and does not deplete the world’s food supply. Confocal microscopy
showing orthogonal view of ( A, B ) wild-type and ( C ) axr1-3 leaf tissue inoculated with
Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245. The color intensity is proportional to the elemental concentration
of Cr (light blue) and Ni (blue). Duckweeds have specific features at their disposal for coping with
particular environmental difficulties and can also cooperate with other organisms of their
surroundings to improve their survival chances. It can also be used as a bio-fuel, an essential one
because it has more starch rendering it more effective than corn and it requires no landmass to grow,
therefore making it a sustainable source of fuel as land continues to be utilized as living and farming
space. Hillman W. 1961. The Lemnaceae, or Duckweeds: A Review of the Descriptive and.
Geographic maps were taken from the websites located at (accessed on 11 February 2022) and
(accessed on 11 February 2022). To date, the most promising technology to support long-duration
missions is the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS), in which plants as autotrophs play a
crucial role in recycling wastes and producing food and. The remainder of the removed nutrients
were probably assimilated by bacteria or sedimented. However, the vast number of potentially
applicable chlorophyll fluorescence-based test endpoints makes comparison and generalization of
results hard among different studies. Moreover, compared to other species, duckweed species and
ecotypes demonstrate exceptionally high adaptivity to a variety of environmental factors; indeed,
duckweeds remove and convert many contaminants, such as nitrogen, into plant biomass. It can also
be used as a bio-fuel, an essential one because it has more starch rendering it more effective than corn
and it requires no landmass to grow, therefore making it a sustainable source of fuel as land
continues to be utilized as living and farming space. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and
maximum parsimony bootstrap values (MP BS) are shown above and below the branches,
respectively. The letter in the dashed square belongs to the dashed line. A, B, C, and D are
representative images of Spirodela polyrhiza, Landoltia punctata, Lemna minor, and Wolffia globose,
respectively, from the in vitro collection of Huaiyin Normal University. The phytotoxic effects of MP
were investigated by analyzing several plant morphological and biochemical parameters (frond and
root size, plant growth, chlorophyll, and malondialdehyde content). The phylograms shows a
maximum likelihood tree obtained using available AMT protein sequences from different plants. Fast
growing, high in protein and dietary minerals, and easily harvested, the plant is cultivated as a feed
supplement for chicken, livestock, and farmed fish, especially in developing countries.
Five different nitrate-N to ammonium-N molar ratios were diluted to 10% and 50% of the original
N-medium concentration. However, molecular evidence has called into question their phylogenetic
independence, with some authors asserting instead that duckweeds should be reclassified as
subfamily Lemnoideae of an expanded. An increase in the inclusion levels of duckweed in chicken
diet cause linear decline in body weight, feed intake and efficiency, protein efficiency, energy
efficiency and carcass yield. Transcripts of all SpAMT genes were detected in duckweed fronds
grown in cultivation medium, containing a physiological or 50-fold elevated concentration of Mn at
the background of nitrogen or a mixture of nitrate and ammonium. N (Night) indicates the Total
Nitrogen removed between 8:00 pm and 8:00 am; D (Day) indicates the Total Nitrogen removed
between 8:00 am and 8:00 pm. However, microalgae often do not show the same sensitivity as higher
plants and have major disadvantages for the testing of unmodified environmental samples. Talk
about solutions that might bring peace on earth. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing
(JMMP). N (Night) indicates the Total Phosphorus removed between 8:00 pm and 8:00 am; D (Day)
indicates the Total Phosphorus removed between 8:00 am and 8:00 pm. This organism was used
because it can reproduce asexually and rapidly. The scattering of points is reduced, and points lie
relatively close to the line representing mean bias. The experimental cultures were initiated in salicylic
acid-containing medium and analysed for flowering after 11 long days (16 h light:8 h dark). To date,
the most promising technology to support long-duration missions is the bioregenerative life support
system (BLSS), in which plants as autotrophs play a crucial role in recycling wastes and producing
food and. Although the use of software for digital image analysis has changed the way scientists
extract phenomenological data (also for studies on duckweeds), the procedure is often not wholly
automated and sometimes relies on the intervention of a human operator. European Journal of
Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). Low concentration of salicylic acid (
CAB, RBCS ) showed higher abundance in light and less dramatic decline in darkness in the mt than
in WT, while this was not the case with plastid-encoded genes ( RBCL, PSAA, PSBA, PSBC ). The
workshop constituted researchers working in this field from both India and Germany and brought
together these experts in the field of sustainable stress management for scientific discussions,
brainstorming and networking. We reviewed the scientific literature on duckweed (Lemnaceae) and
reported available information on plant biological traits, nutritional features, biomass production, and
space applications, especially of the genus Wolffia. However, the IAA biosynthesis pathway in
bacteria involves indole-related compounds (IRCs) and intermediates with less known functions.
RISA PCR fingerprints from inoculated Lm5576 samples were compared to the respective DNA
controls from Lm5576 and bacteria alone. Andreas Schleicher - 20 Feb 2024 - How pop music,
podcasts, and Tik Tok are i. All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-
review process. The treatments were categorized into group A (25% duckweed and 75% commercial
feed), group B (50% duckweed and 50% commercial feed) and group C (100% commercial feed).
Although a close phylogenetic relationship of duckweeds with traditional Araceae has been
supported by multiple studies, the taxonomic disposition of duckweeds must be evaluated more
critically to promote nomenclatural stability and utility. Duckweeds live with complex assemblages
of microbes as holobionts that play an important role in duckweed growth and phytoremediation
ability. Usually, chromosome sets (karyotypes) and genome sizes are rather stable for distinct species
and therefore of diagnostic value for taxonomy. Duckweeds live with complex assemblages of
microbes as holobionts that play an important role in duckweed growth and phytoremediation ability.
The results revealed that no significant effect was observed on the growth performance of 75-136
days old Rhode Island Red (RIR) as affected of the corn-duc. In short, its a natural solution to
polluted water with benefits which allow it to be self-sustaining. Several different cell types in both
the frond and the root were also enlarged.
Photos provided by Dr. K. Sowjanya Sree, Central University of Kerala, India. Moreover, we used
these strain-specific primers to quantify the bacterial colonization of duckweed by normalization to a
plant reference gene and revealed differences in colonization levels between strains from the same
genus. Uganda is working in cooperation with American investors to grow duckweed as a source of
protein for humans. The experiment was conducted at four different dilutions such as raw water,
25%, 50% and 75% dilutions. Dark blue are chromosomes not involved in rearrangements; other
colors indicate rearranged chromosomes. Results showed that crude protein was higher in group B
followed by group A while in group C crude protein was lower but total feed intake, average weight,
live weight, meat and bone weight, skin weight, head weight, liver weight, intestine weight and
shank weight were higher as compared to group A and group B and this was due to the fluffy nature
of duckweed and small size of crop. It was found that a depth of at least 1 m is needed to prevent a
significant relative growth inhibition at the end of the growing season compared to the start. So
perhaps its an idea whose time has finally come. The study revealed that pH, Dissolved oxygen and
Percentage oxygen saturation value had increased, while the values for other studied Physico
chemical parameters decreased significantly after seven days of culture of Lemna minor L. The
ancestral likelihood values are shown as pie charts at the nodes of the phylogeny. Symptoms of stress
(chlorosis, necrosis, root destruction, and colony breakup) were also recorded. The treatments were
categorized into group A (25% duckweed and 75% commercial feed), group B (50% duckweed and
50% commercial feed) and group C (100% commercial feed). The aim is to find a strain that is well
suited for a particular application and environment. Here we investigated the influence of the two
major sources of inorganic nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium, on the toxicity caused by excess of Mn
in. Revealing the mitigating effect of ammonium uptake on manganese toxicity in aquatic duckweed
S. With an overflow mechanism, the lower cubicontainer ( right ) is filled with effluent from the
growing system. Because the majority of microplastics in freshwaters are made of polyethylene, the
use of duckweed for their biomonitoring could provide important information on microplastic
pollution in freshwaters. In each of the three small ponds harbouring populations of L. Cultures were
pre-cultivated under non-inductive short days (8 h light:16 h dark) and thereafter subjected to
appropriate photoperiods for 10 days, followed by 3 days of continuous light, and finally analysed
for flowering. ( B ) Kinetics of induction of flowering in WT and mt under long days of 16 h light:8
h darkness. The relative expression level of the WT was normalized to 1. To cultivate large quantities
of a defined product quality, a standardized production process is needed. It was found that different
duckweed species had distinct ionomic patterns that can change considerably due to metal
treatments. They consist primarily of leaf-like assimilatory organs, or fronds, that reproduce mainly
by vegetative replication. Tests done in Peru have proven Duckweed-fed layers produced more eggs
of the same or higher quality as control birds fed the formulated diets. And also different method of
elimination the efficiency of the duckweed. The 3D images are rotated at the z -axis at two different
locations of the tissue shown (top and left sections of each panel as shown by the cross-hair in the
upper left corner image) to illustrate transverse views at the location of the stained spots and
demonstrate either epiphytic or endophytic locations. The four-day conference focused on diverse
aspects of basic and applied research together with practical applications of these tiny aquatic plants
that could have an enormous potential for biomass production. Duckweeds comprise a distinctive
clade of pleustophytic monocots that traditionally has been classified as the family Lemnaceae. The
Indo-German Science and Technology Centre (IGSTC) funded an Indo-German Workshop on
Sustainable Stress Management: Aquatic plants vs. Accepted papers will be published continuously in
the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website.
On the x-axis, the EC values and respectively the percentage of dilution, the concentration of salt
solution or the percentage of evaporation are given. Total RNA was extracted, and northern blots
were prepared. Plants of the family Lemnaceae (duckweeds) are the smallest flowering plants in the
world, and biometric measurements of single plants and their growth rate. All except SpMT2b
showed high sequence homology including the conserved cysteine residues with the previously
described MTs from flowering plants. The S. polyrhiza genome appears to lack the root-specific Type
1 MT. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as our model plant with excellent genetic tools, we performed
binary association assays on a subset of these strains to evaluate morphological responses in the plant
host and the mode of bacterial colonization. The predominantly vegetative propagating duckweeds
are of growing commercial interest. Cultures were pre-cultivated under non-inductive short days (8 h
light:16 h dark) and thereafter subjected to appropriate photoperiods for 10 days, followed by 3 days
of continuous light, and finally analysed for flowering. ( B ) Kinetics of induction of flowering in
WT and mt under long days of 16 h light:8 h darkness. N (Night) indicates the Total Phosphorus
removed between 8:00 pm and 8:00 am; D (Day) indicates the Total Phosphorus removed between
8:00 am and 8:00 pm. But now it’s health benefits are being explored internationally. You can
download the paper by clicking the button above. Increasing light intensity increased RGR (by 67%
and 76%) and RPY (by 50% and 89%) and decreased chlorophyll a (by 27% and 32%) for L.
Brassinolide (BL) represents brassinosteroids (BRs)—a group of phytohormones that are essential
for plant growth and development. The total number of publications returned by the PubMed
database (, visited 3 November 2022) was 199 for “Wastewater”, 57 for “Biofuel”, 41 for “Feed”,
and 147 for “Food”. The obtained results indicated that BL and Brz influence W. The measured
ionic concentrations are provided in Table S3. It may just work considering that it is high in protein,
dietary fiber, doesn’t contain any food allergens and is also soy free, gluten free and lactose free.
Control cultures did not contain E2, indicated by “0”. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP, top
value) and maximum parsimony bootstrap values (MP BS, bottom value) are shown at the branches.
The negative numbers represent distance from the first ATG codon in nucleotides (bp). The design
tested the accumulation of elements in a continuous recirculation system. Duckweed ( Lemna ) is a
possible solution for the treatment of aqueous waste streams and the simultaneous provision of
protein-rich biomass. But to take it one step further, what if we were able to take our wastewater and
use it for fuel. The percentage of adhered particles was ten times higher for polyethylene microbeads
than for other microplastics and natural particles, suggesting that the adhesion of polyethylene
microbeads to duckweed is specific. Here we investigated the influence of the two major sources of
inorganic nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium, on the toxicity caused by excess of Mn in great
duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza. As a response, a second cultivation system was investigated for the
use of more concentrated NDNE. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form.
Tiny aquatic plants from the Lemnaceae family, commonly known as duckweeds, are often regarded
as detrimental to the environment because of their ability to quickly populate and cover the surfaces
of bodies of water. Duckweeds are aquatic plants that proliferate rapidly in a wide range of
freshwaters, and they are regarded as a potential source of sustainable biomass for various
applications and the cost-effective bioremediation of heavy metal pollutants. These results indicate
that duckweed based wastewater stabilization pond system might be successfully employed for
treating domestic wastewater in developing countries as a decentralized treatment unit. America is
leading the industry in exploring duckweed as a source for bio-fuel.