CHILD AND ADOLESCENTS REVIEWER  Stopping by the Woods om a Snowy Evening

by Robert Frost
I. Elements of Poetry: Sound
G. Onomatopoeia
A. Rhythm
15. Onomatopoeia
1. Rhythm
 a sound device that is the careful use of
 The repetition of sound patterns
words that phonetically mimics and
 describes the sounds.
resembles the sound of nature or the sound
 it produces and stresses the syllables.
that the author intends to describe.
 Same sounds of letters.
II. Elements of Poetry: Imagery
2. Poets
16. Imagery
 They use rhythmic patterns to create
 a technique used by authors, poets, and
emphasis and produce a pleasant sound. novelists to communicate feelings, translate
3. Rhyme Scheme ideas and explore thoughts by creating
 the pattern of repeated sounds that occur in images in the minds of the readers.
lines or stanza of the poem.  Language used metaphorical and figurative
4. Example of Rhythm: to capture senses.
 Tyger A. Types of Imagery
B. Alliteration 17. Visual Imagery
5. Alliteration  form of literary imagery which uses different
 It is referred to as the initial or head rhyme. descriptive elements that appeal to the
 Repetition of consonant sounds in readers' sense of sight.
sequential pattern.  Includes colors, shapes, and patterns.
6. Betty Botter 18. Auditory Imagery
 Example of Alliteration.  the readers hear the sounds that the author
C. Assonance wants to convey.
7. Assonance
19. Gustatory Imagery
 Repetition of internal sounds of vowels.
 Is poetic imagery that seeks the readers to
8. Examples:
savor the taste such as the sourness, the
 Chips and dip /i/
saltiness, the sweetness, the spiciness of
 Eyes and price /ai/
the described images.
 Baa Baa Black Sheep /a/
 allows the readers to recall their experiences
D. Consonance
while reading and use their sense of
9. Consonance
memory to live to the experiences.
 Repetition of consonant sounds
20. Tactile Imagery
 Presence of identical consonants in a sequence of
 describes what the readers touch or feel
words.
when reading.
10. Examples:
21. Olfactory Imagery
 The Acrobats
 the use of poetic imagery to allow the
E. Cacophony
readers to smell.
11. Cacophony
22. Kinesthetic Imagery
 Harsh sounds.
 allow the reader to feel the sense of motion.
 Unmelodious sound to achieve the desired
23. Organic Imagery
outcome and create different dynamic effects.
 the poetic use of words or expressions that
12. Examples:
make the reader feel and experience
 Jabberwocky
different emotions.
 The Colossus.
III. Poetry for Children and Adolescent
F. Euphony
24. Poetry
13. Euphony
 a genre of literature that utilizes an artistic
 Opposite of cacophony.
use of sound devices and figurative
 the use of vowels consonant sounds
language to paint meaningful pictures and
 it blends and creates a with the pleasant
meaning.
effects.
IV. Types of Poetry
14. Examples:
A. Nursery Rhymes
 Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star
25. Nursery Rhymes
  are part of the oral traditions presented in  are children's literature originally from the
short verses or songs that are often Old Norse verse.
memorized or sung by children.  features poetic compounds or the
 are ubiquitous parts of children's literature. combination of two words to form a poetic
26. Behaviorism (B.F. Skinner) expression that points to a thing or a person.
 is an effective approach in language  contain two words that are joined by a
learning and acquisition and in teaching hyphen.
nursery rhymes, teachers need to focus on G. Free Verse
repetition and imitation by allowing the 36. Free Verse
students to listen to the song and asking  poems are free in form translated from the
them to repeat. French word "vers libre."
B. Haiku  do not follow specific rhythmic patterns or
27. Haiku rhyme schemes.
 a traditional Japanese poetry written in tight  Regular pauses and irregular line length can
syllabic structures with seventeen syllables be observed.
in three lines. 37. Walt Whitman
 a short form of poetry, it is ideal to use haiku  wrote poems with irregular meters
in the first to third grade, especially in Whitman's poetic style became a standard
emphasizing syllabication. in the 20th century.
28. Juxtaposition H. Sonnet
 Usually, the technique used in writing Haiku 38. Sonnet
is embedded in the metaphor and  The main types are the Petrarchan, the
personification.
Shakespearean, and the Spencerian
C. Limerick
29. Limerick sonnets.
 can be traced back to the early 17th century  consist of fourteen lines, a combination of
as preserved folk songs whose popularity octave or two quatrains of 8 lines, and a
increased during the 18th century. sestet or a stanza of six lines.
 A humorous type of short poem seeks to  Petrarch, Shakespeare, Milton, and Donne.
entertain the reader. AABBA 39. Francesco Petrarch
30. Edward Lear  Italian poet in 13th century where sonnet
 British poet who popularized who is originated from.
considered the father of limerick. V. Traditional Literature
 He featured 72 limericks in his book, “The 40. Traditional Literature
Book of Nonsense.”  is stories for children and adolescents that is
D. Calligram Poems purposively created to entertain and teach
31. Calligram values.
 a type of poem created not only to be read  the contrast between good and evil or strong
and spoken, but also viewgram is antired. and weak, beauty and ugliness, or rich and
32. Guillerme Apollinaire poor.
 Invented calligram in 1918. VI. Classification of Traditional Literature
33. Greek words “Calli” and “Gram” A. LEGENDS
 Calli = beautiful, Gram = something written. 41. Legends
E. Narrative Poems  are folklores or tales about a person or
34. Narrative Poem place.
 a type of poem that narrates a story.  comes from the Latin word "legenda or
 Like a story, it contains a beginning. It is a legendus" meaning to read or worth reading.
story told by a narrator.  are orally transmitted and later written.
 It is written in verse and contains meter and  Exaggeration is one of the characteristics of
rhyme; (ABCB) legends. The main characters in legends are
 are designed to be read aloud and with characterized with superhuman qualities
emotion. with exceptionally superior physical
F. Kenning Poems attributes and values.
35. Kenning Poems 42. Examples:
  The Legend of Robin Hood - is known as an
Englishman of the medieval period.
 The Legend of Atlantis - approximately 9,000
years ago, the island of Atlantis that lay
beyond Hercules pillars, existed. The
Greeks dubbed it as the holy city.
 The Legend of King Arthur - King Arthur is a
legendary figure based on the 15th to 6th-
century war between Britain and the
Saxons. He was the successor to the throne
of Camelot as eldest son of King Uther
Pendragon.
B. MYTHS
43. Myths
 a symbolic narrative of gods, goddesses,
demigods, and superhumans involved in
extraordinary circumstances.
44. Examples:
 The God of Olympus - It was told that
Uranus, the sky, and Gaia, the earth, were
the first gods who gave birth to the titans
and the known Gods of Olympus Zeus,
Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Ares, Athena,
Hermes, Artemis, Hestia, Aphrodite, and
Apollo.
 Cupid and Psyche - Cupid is known by many
as the child of Venus, the Roman goddess
of beauty. Cupid is famous for his bow and
arrows of heart that whoever will be hit by it
falls in love. The story started when Psyche,
a beautiful princess, was envied by Venus.
C. FAIRYTALES
45. Fairytales
 are magical stories of fantastical characters,
princesses, elves, fairies, dragons, unicorns,
witches, devils, and goblins.
 These stories are primarily introduced to
children to help them distinguish between
good and evil, teach lessons.
 These captivate the imaginative-creative
thinking of the children and shape their
reasoning.
46. Examples:
 Cinderella - famous fairytale characters who
is portrayed in many movies with different
versions. Charles Perrault in 1697 wrote the
original story. It was popularized by the Grim
Brothers in 1812. The story of Cinderella
popularized famous quotes such as "Have
courage and be kind," "A dream is a wish
your heart makes." "Where there is
kindness, there is goodness."
 Snow White - a fairy tale which originated in
Germany during the 19 century It was later
published by the Brothers Grim in 1812.
Snow White's story popularized many
quotes that appeal to the children, which
include "Magic mirror on the wall, who is the
fairest one of all?", "Lips as red as rose, hair
as black as ebony, skin as white as snow.",
"When hearts are high, the time will fly, so
whistle, while you work."
 Jack and the Beanstalk - was published in
England in the 1930s. It is a story of a poor
boy who lived in the country. Jack traded
cows for magic beans that grew into a giant
beanstalk that reached the clouds. The story
of Jack and the Beanstalk is usually
introduced to children to emphasize lessons
such as listening to parents, be clever and
strategic but never take advantage of others.
D. FABLES
47. Fables
 originated from the Latin word "fabula" which
means "story."
 Fables are fictional stories that aim to teach
a lesson and entertain the readers.
 They are concerned with the forces of
nature such as plants, winds, lightning, and
trees. The characters are animals that
personify human traits.
48. Examples:
 The Tortoise and the Hare - The story began
when the hare boasted his speed and
challenged the hare into a foot race, which
the tortoise accepted. The hare started
running fast to insult the tortoise. In the
middle of the race, the hare took a nap.
 The Fox and the Grapes - about a fox who
saw a bunch of grapes hanging on a branch
of a tree. The fox wanted the grapes badly,
so he tried to jump yet could not reach them.
 Charlotte Web - The story was about a pig
named Wilbur and his barn friend spider
named Charlotte. When Wilbur was about to
be slaughtered by his farmer owner for
Christmas dinner, he was saved by his
spider friend.
E. EPIC
49. Epic
 a long narrative poem that portrays the
extraordinary labor of extraordinary people.
It comes from the Greek word "epos" that
means "story, word, poem."
50. Examples:
 The Iliad and The Odyssey - The Iliad
introduced Achilles, the great warrior whose
skin is impenetrable by any blade. It also
popularized the names of the Trojan princes
Paris and Hector, Patroclus, the cousin and
friend of Achilles, Helen, whose face
launched a thousand ships, and the kings of
 Sparta. The Odyssey narrated the story of
Odysseus and his journey towards coming
home from his victorious fight against the
Trojans.
 Beowulf - considered the oldest Anglo-Saxon
epic poem that can be traced back to 975 to
1025 AD. It is a story of the heroic
adventures of Beowulf who fought against
the monster Grendel, a monster that
attacked the hall of Heorot and devoured the
people of Danes.
 Ramayana and Mahabharata - Mahabharata
are Indian Sanskrit epics and are considered
one of the longest. Ramayana tells the sign
of Prince Rama, the eldest Son of king
Dasharatha. Mahabharata is a tale of
Bharata's descendants. One of them was
Shanthanu, who married the river goddess,
Ganga