Topic of the Study:-

“The Indian Brain Drain - A Perspective From 2023”

Batch :- 2022-25
Names and Roll numbers:-

Sr. no. Name Roll no. Literature Review Sr no.

1 Nisha Shah 2420 11 to 15

2 Rhea Nair 2459 16 to 20

3 Chaitya Shah 2468 1 to 5

4 Swetha Krishna TS 2477 21 to 25

5 Vishwajeet Singh 2485 6 to 10

Submitted To :- Prof Nehajoan Panackal

Acknowledgment

We would like to acknowledge our gratitude towards Dr Adya Sharma, Director Symbiosis
Centre for Management Studies,Pune.
We would like to express our sincere appreciation for Prof Nehajoan Panackal for her help
and support during this effort. Your unwavering dedication to our academic growth has been
incredibly motivating.
We were motivated to move forward by your informative criticism and support, and your
knowledge helped us to generate a result we are pleased with. Your commitment to fostering
our education has had a long-lasting effect on each of us.
We appreciate you being such a great mentor and teacher. We were lucky to have you with us
on this adventure.
We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to our survey participants for their time and
patience throughout our project. Last but not the least we would like to share our affection
and love towards our team members, without whom this project wouldn't have been born.
Thank You.
Objectives

Our main objective is to identify the main reasons for Brain Drain in India or the factors that
influence the Brain Drain in India.

Introduction

Brain Drain refers to the migration of skilled and educated persons from their home country
to abroad. It basically shows the outflow of talented personnels from the country. Currently
Brain Drain is one of the biggest challenge for developing countries like India. Due to Brain
Drain India loses the human capital or skilled and educated persons to developed countries.
According to the Indian Express, the education ministry of India said that around 7.5 lakh
students went abroad for their higher studies from India in the year 2022 which is the highest
in the last 6 years. This number will increase to 18 lakh in the year 2024. Not only for higher
education, Indians also migrate abroad for job purposes. According to News18 more than 28
lakh Indians went abroad for employment between January 2020 and July 2022, out of which
at least 4.16 lakh Indians have left India for private jobs in the Emigration Check Required
(ECR) countries. So our main purpose here is to identify the main reasons for Brain Drain or
the factors that influence the Brain Drain in India in the year 2023.
 Literature Review

Sr Title of the Names of Name & Geography Framework Gaps addressed/ No. of
no paper the Indexing of /Region of adopted & Identified Citations
. Authors journal/ Study major findings received
Book/Book of the Study as per
Chapters Google
Scholar
as on
July 2023

1. Brain drain Dr. International India and The major The research paper 75
Problem: A Mohamm Journal of LDCs findings of the seeks to focus on
Review ad Reza Business and (Least research paper showing the
Iravani Social developed are, “the difference between
Science countries) arrangement the Brain
currently works Migration and the
in Western Brain Drain. And
nation’s favour. also the effects of
But perhaps Brain Drain on
institutionalising LDCs (Least
the issue would developed
help to quantify countries).
the debate and
provide a more
accurate appraisal
of brain drain's
effects.”

2. Brain Drain Man National India Findings of the The study 17

controversy Singh Das Review of (Indian study says that examined
and utilisation Modern Scholars) Under optimum empirically the
of returning Sociology economic and attitudes regarding
Indian political job satisfaction of
Scholars conditions, a case 170 Indian
trained Abroad of "brain gain" or scholars who had
"brain exchange" returned home
rather than "brain from their training
drain" will occur abroad.
in developing
countries such as
India.

3. India's brain R. R. Current India and Findings of the This research 6

drain to the Gulati Science US paper says that seeks to find why
 US Association there are various there has been a
reasons for Brain continuous
Drain but some of outflow of
the important scientific and
reasons are technical
students going to personnel from
the US for their developing
higher studies countries to the
and adoption of developed
scientific and countries of the
technological West especially
knowledge is USA.
depressingly low
in India
compared to US.

4. Brain Sayali International India Findings of the The study 1

Drain/Brain Vijay Journal of study are Human specifically
Gain: Socio Sankpal, Management capital flight or focuses on the
Economic Kasturi and Brain Drain leads impact of
Effect on Rohit Humanities to under- socio-economic
Indian Society Naik (IJMH) -development of aspects on Brain
any particular Drain in India and
country. also finding the
Therefore, first of preventive
all, the process to measures for Brain
overcome the Drain in India.
problem of
underdevelopmen
t should begin by
identifying the
nature of human
capital required
and the efforts to
produce, retain
and to diffuse the
knowledge and
skills.

5. Brain drain in Yuan Li Department of China,India Findings of the The study seeks to 3
China and International research paper focus on what are
India Environment says that the factors that
and generally, the motivate brain
Development talent migration drain or talent
Studies is motivated by migration in India
economic factors, and China.
pursuit of career
goals and higher
quality of life.
Brain Drain in
 China is mainly
associated with
people who leave
to study and in
India many get
India‘s great
training at the
few elite schools
(AIIMS, IIT), and
then leave.

6. Nursing brain Michael Human India The major The research paper 29
drain from Hawkes, Resources for finding of these seeks to draw
India Mary Health research paper attention to the
Kolenko, are that nursing significant drain
Michelle "brain drain" in on India's nursing
Shockness India suggests labour force due to
and that up to one "circular
Krishna fifth of the migration," and
Diwaker nursing labour whether migration
force may be lost of trained nurses
to wealthier states from
through circular resource-poor
migration, and as countries to
long as striking wealthier countries
global disparities experiencing
in nursing income nursing shortages
persist, it will be may exacerbate
difficult to stem global health care
the haemorrhage inequities.
of nurses
emigrating in
pursuit of better
pay.

7. Education, Kar-yiu Journal of Lower One of the This paper seeks 299
economic Wong and Economic developed important results to focus on the
growth, and Chong Dynamics and countries of this research possible adverse
brain drain Kee Yip Control (or paper is that effects of brain
developing brain drain has an drain on economic
countries ) adverse effect on growth, education,
and the wage rate of income
developed the unskilled distribution, and
countries workers but it welfare and main
improves the focus on
wage rate of the Analysing the
skilled workers. features of brain
Brain drain also drain in this
tends to hurt the paper.
growth of the
 source country.
But it also has
detrimental
effects on those
left behind, a
drop in the
growth rate of
human capital
hurts future
generations.

8. Plumbing the Nancy Bulletin of the USA and The major This paper seeks 197
brain drain Gore World Health other findings were that to raise questions,
Saravia Organization developing opportunity identify key issues
and Juan countries elsewhere is the of policies that can
Francisco main reason for be used to manage
Miranda brain drain be it migration and the
better job asymmetric
opportunities or distribution of
better education. highly educated
It can be and skilled people
prevented if the and recognize the
developing factors that drive
countries “brain
implement recirculation”.
policies to
provide better
opportunities to
its residents and
provide better
education.

9. The Brain Simon University of United The research This paper has 572
Drain: Curse Command Chicago Press States of paper comes to several objectives.
or Boon? A er, Mari America conclusion that First it attempts to
Survey of the Kangasnie while there is take stock of our
Literature mi, L. clearly a knowledge
Alan possibility concerning the
Winters that the brain scale,
drain is beneficial composition, and
to the residents direction of
left behind in the migration from
home developing to
Countries, developed
however, brain countries in the
drain will also recent period.
have negative Second, it places
welfare that mobility in the
implications for context of the
the “periphery” existing literature,
 (the and, third, it
brain-exporting attempts to
home countries). indicate ways in
which, at both an
analytical and
empirical level,
progress can be
made in better
understanding the
phenomenon and,
in particular, the
appropriate policy
implications.

10. Brain Drain: VM Economic and India The major The paper tried to 5
The Indian Dandekar Political findings and answer the gaps as
Situation Weekly conclusions of to why people
the paper are that leave their home
the nations can countries and go
derive great elsewhere and can
benefit by such these reasons be
selective and prevented or
purposeful evitable and can
training of our there be measures
young men that can prevent
abroad and these migration.
men can always
come back to the
nation enhancing
its economy and
knowledge by
their skills.

11. Impact of Nagi S. El American Low and The movement of The need for more 26
Merit-Based Saghir , Society of middle skilled workers research involves
Immigration Benjamin Clinical income from examining the
Policies on O. Oncology countries underdeveloped to effects on
Brain Drain Anderson, economically healthcare
From Low- Julie developed nations. systems,
and Gralow , It focuses on the underlying reasons
Middle-Incom Gilberto physician exodus for brain drain,
e Countries Lopes , from low- and economic and
Lawrence middle-income social
N. (LMIC) to repercussions,
Shulman , high-income (HIC) interventions and
Hiba A. nations, which policy solutions,
Moukade causes a scarcity of ethical issues, and
m , Peter healthcare workers long-term effects.
Paul Yu , in LMICs,
Gabriel
particularly in
 Hortobagy sub-Saharan
i Africa.

12 Do brain drain David de Journal of Africa The study The gap in the 77
and poverty la Croix Economic discovers a research is the
and Growth By connection association
result from Frédéric Springer between between brain
coordination Docquier high-skilled drain (the
failures? workers' emigration of
expectations and highly skilled
brain drain and employees) and
development. domestic
While competent development.
employees According to the
remain in some expectations and
countries, others perceptions of
endure negative highly talented
growth as a result individuals,
of brain drain and countries may be
poverty. Smaller caught in either a
states are more "vicious circle" or
impacted. The a "virtuous circle,"
return of highly and this is a
skilled employees hypothesis that the
may be researchers are
subsidised, which exploring.
would increase
production and
development.

13 The Migration Lajos Deturope – Hungary According to the The lack of focus 2
of healthcare Bosara, The Central research, there is on local political
of Gábor European still a problem responses to health
professionals Dudasb, Journal of with Hungarian care worker
from Hungary Zsófia regional healthcare migration outside
– Global Ilcsikné Development workers leaving from Hungary.
Flows And Makrac , and tourism. the country. While there are
Local Cezar Effective policies existing studies on
Responses. Morard , should involve medical migration
Viktor players at from Hungary that
Pale multiple sizes, mainly concentrate
including local on the national
ones, and take scale, there is
into account both limited research on
rational and how local
emotional governments and
elements. Local institutions
aspects are respond to this
frequently happening.
ignored, which
 results in
generalised
answers. Local
factors can affect
migration
choices, but a
comprehensive
strategy including
numerous actors
is required.

14 Rethinking Fazal Asia Pacific Indian and Traditional They discovered 217
“Brain Drain” Rizvi Journal of Chinese explanations that the traditional
in the Era of Education Students might not conception of
Globalisation Studying in adequately brain drain ignores
Australian account for key considerations
and global regarding people
American inequalities in who move abroad
Universities skilled mobility. for employment
. Decentralisation and study. They
of culture brought are interested in
about by finding out how
globalisation has the opportunities
made the provided by
connection globalisation and
between social these international
identities and students'
nation-states connections to
more insecure. their home
There is a countries affect
growing amount their feelings and
of brain aspirations.
circulation, when
people work
overseas and
contribute to their
home country.
The results need a
more complex
comprehension of
skilled mobility
in the age of
globalisation.

15 Scale Kaz Wiley for the Africa and The research On the contrary to 585
Economies in Miyagiwa Economics North paper presented the presumption
Education and Department of America an alternative that brain drain
the Brain the University model of brain hurts the unskilled
Drain Problem of drain which individuals left in
Pennsylvania emphasises the a source country,
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