WHLP

WAVE
What is Wave
a wave? - It is a transfer of energy
through a medium from one
point to another.
- can either be MECHANICAL
or ELECTROMAGNETIC.
- Mechanical Waves require a
MEDIUM (sound waves,
ripples, tsunamis, seismic
waves)
What is
a wave?
Wave
- Electromagnetic
Waves can travel
in a vacuum (light,
radio waves,
microwaves)
MEDIUM - is the substance through which a wave
can propagate.

Water is the
medium of Air is the
ocean medium
waves. through
which we
The electric hear sound
and magnetic waves.
fields are the
medium of
light.
Some examples of Waves come in two
waves include: different forms:

-water waves - Transverse Wave

-sound waves - Longitudinal
-radio waves wave
MECHANICAL WAVES
▪ It is a disturbance in matter that carries energy
from one place to another.
▪ Mechanical waves require matter to travel
through.
▪ A mechanical wave is created when a source of
energy causes a vibration to travel through a
medium.
TYPES OF MECHANICAL
WAVES

The three main types

of mechanical waves
are transverse waves,
longitudinal waves,
and surface waves.
 TRANSVERSE WAVES

• It is a wave that causes the medium to vibrate

at right angles to the direction in which the
wave travels.
PARTS OF A TRANSVERSE WAVE
Maximum upward
displacement from
equilibrium

Maximum downward
displacement from
equilibrium

All electromagnetic waves are TRANSVERSE waves

LONGITUDINAL WAVES
• It is a type of wave in which the vibration of the medium is
parallel to the direction the wave travels.
• An area where the par ticles in a medium are spaced close together
is called a COMPRESSION.
• An area where the par ticles in a medium are spread out is called a
R AREFACTION.
• SOUND WAVES are Longitudinal Waves
Sound frequencies that are below the audible frequencies of humas are called INFRASONIC
 SURFACE WAVES
• A surface wave is a wave
that travels along a
surface separating two
media.
• The motion of the
par ticles is in a circle.
PROPERTIES OF MECHANICAL WAVES
▪ Any motion that repeats at regular time inter vals is called
periodic motion.

• The time required for one cycle, a complete motion that

returns to its star ting point, is called the period.
FREQUENCY
• Any periodic motion has a frequency, which is the number of
complete cycles in a given time.

• Frequency is measured in cycles per second, or her tz (Hz).

• A wave’s frequency equals the frequency of the vibrating

source producing the waves.
WAVELENGTH
• Wavelength is the distance between a point on one wave
and the same point on the next cycle of the wave.

• Increasing the frequency of a wave decreases the

wavelength.

A wavelength therefore is
measured from CREST to
CREST or TROUGH to
TROUGH
WHLP
WAVE MOTION

A wave travels along its medium,

but the individual particles just
move up and down.
SINUSOIDAL WAVE
SINUSOIDAL WAVE
•It is the simplest example of a periodic
continuous waves.
•It can also be defined as a smooth
repetitive oscillation.
•It is a wave form in which the amplitude
is always proportional to sine of its
displacement angle at every point of
time. (Sine waves)
•Among all the waveforms , sine
waves are frequently used because
of their ease of representation and
some specific advantageous
characteristics.
•All waves can be made by adding
up sine waves. The sine wave has
repetitive pattern. The length of
this repeating piece of the sine
wave is called the wavelength.
•The sine or sinusoidal wave is a
curve that describes a smooth
repetitive oscillation. We can
define the sine wave as “The
wave form in which the
amplitude is always
proportional to sine of its
displacement angle at every
point of time”.
 SINUSOIDAL WAVES
• Periodic sinusoidal
wave produced by
Wavelength, λ
excitation oscillating
with SHM (transverse
or longitudinal).

• Every particle in the

Wavelength, λ
medium oscillates
with SHM with the
same frequency and
amplitude.
Sinusoidal travelling waves: particle
motion

• Disturbance
travels with
 = vT
velocity v

• Travel v=
distance λ in T
one time
period T v = f
 WAVE EQUATIONS:
Where:

 = vT λ – wavelength
v – velocity of the wave
 T – period
v=
T f – frequency
v = f BASIC WAVE RELATION
 FREQUENCY AND PERIOD
Frequency, f
-the number of crests or waves that pass a fixed
point per second
-measured in cycles per second or hertz

Period, T
-the time it takes a wave to travel a distance
equal to a wavelength.
-expressed in seconds
Mathematically
T = 1/f
f = 1/T
Wave velocity, v
-is equal to the v = λ/T
distance
traveled by a
wave crest in v = λf
one period.