AA HL Trig

AA HL Trig [855 marks]
1. [Maximum mark: 19] SPM.2.AHL.TZ0.12

(a) [1]
Markscheme
stating the relationship between cot and tan and stating the identity for tan 2θ M1
cot 2θ =
tan 2θ
1
and tan 2θ =
2 tan θ
1−tan 2 θ
⇒ cot 2θ =
1−tan
2 tan θ
θ
AG
[1 mark]
(b) [7]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting to substitute tan θ for x and using the result from (a) M1
LHS = tan 2
θ + 2 tan θ (
1−tan
2 tan θ
θ
) − 1 A1
tan
2
θ + 1 − tan
2
θ − 1 = 0 (= RHS) A1
so x = tan θ satisfies the equation AG
attempting to substitute − cot θ for x and using the result from (a) M1
LHS = cot 2
θ − 2 cot θ (
1−tan
2 tan θ
θ
) − 1 A1
=
1
tan 2 θ
− (
1−tan
tan 2 θ
θ
) − 1 A1
tan
2
θ
−
tan
1
2
θ
+ 1 − 1 = 0 (= RHS) A1
so x = − cot θ satisfies the equation AG
METHOD 2
let α = tan θ and β = − cot θ
attempting to find the sum of roots M1
1
α + β = tan θ −
tan θ
A1
tan θ−1
=
tan θ
= −2 cot 2θ (from part (a)) A1
attempting to find the product of roots M1
αβ = tan θ × (− cot θ) A1
= −1 A1
the coefficient of x and the constant term in the quadratic are 2 cot 2θ and −1 respectively R1
hence the two roots are α = tan θ and β = − cot θ AG
[7 marks]
(c) [5]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
x = tan
π
12
and x = −cot
π
12
are roots of x 2
+ (2 cot
π
6
)x − 1 = 0 R1
Note: Award R1 if only x = tan

π
12
is stated as a root of x 2
+ (2 cot
π
6
)x − 1 = 0 .
x
2
+ 2√ 3x − 1 = 0 A1
attempting to solve their quadratic equation M1
x = −√ 3 ± 2 A1
tan
π
12
> 0 (−cot π
12
< 0 ) R1
so tan π
12
= 2 − √3 AG
METHOD 2
attempting to substitute θ =
π
12
into the identity for tan 2θ M1
π
π 2 tan
12
tan = π
6 1−tan 2
12
tan
2 π
12
+ 2√ 3 tan
π
12
− 1 = 0 A1
attempting to solve their quadratic equation M1
tan
π
12
= −√ 3 ± 2 A1
tan
π
12
> 0 R1
so tan π
12
= 2 − √3 AG
[5 marks]
(d) [6]
Markscheme
tan
π
24
− cot
π
24
is the sum of the roots of x 2
+ (2 cot
π
12
)x − 1 = 0 R1
tan
π
24
− cot
π
24
= −2 cot
π
12
A1
=
−2
A1
2−√ 3
attempting to rationalise their denominator (M1)
= −4 − 2√ 3 A1A1
[6 marks]
2. [Maximum mark: 25] SPM.3.AHL.TZ0.2
(a) [2]
Markscheme
correct graph of y = f 1 (x) A1
[2 marks]
(b.i) [3]
Markscheme
graphical or tabular evidence that n has been systematically varied M1
eg n = 3, 1 local maximum point and 1 local minimum point
n = 5, 2 local maximum points and 2 local minimum points
n = 7, 3 local maximum points and 3 local minimum points (A1)
n−1
2
local maximum points A1
[3 marks]
(b.ii) [1]
Markscheme
n−1
2
local minimum points A1
Note: Allow follow through from an incorrect local maximum formula expression.
[1 mark]
(c) [2]
Markscheme
[2 marks]
(d.i) [3]
Markscheme
graphical or tabular evidence that n has been systematically varied M1
eg n = 2, 0 local maximum point and 1 local minimum point
n = 4, 1 local maximum points and 2 local minimum points
n = 6, 2 local maximum points and 3 local minimum points (A1)
n−2
2
local maximum points A1
[3 marks]
(d.ii) [1]
Markscheme
2
local minimum points A1
[1 mark]
(e) [4]
Markscheme
f n (x) = cos (n arccos (x))
M1A1
′ n sin(n arccos(x))
f n (x) =
√ 1−x 2
Note: Award M1 for attempting to use the chain rule.

′
f n (x) = 0 ⇒ n sin (n arccos (x)) = 0 M1
n arccos (x) = kπ (k ∈ Z
+
) A1
leading to
x = cos
kπ
n
(k ∈ Z
+
and 0 < k < n) AG
[4 marks]
(f ) [2]
Markscheme
f 2 (x) = cos (2 arccos x)
M1
2
= 2(cos (arccos x)) − 1
stating that (cos (arccos x)) = x A1
so f 2 (x) = 2x
2
− 1 AG
[2 marks]
(g) [2]
Markscheme
f n+1 (x) = cos ((n + 1) arccos x)
= cos (n arccos x + arccos x) A1
use of cos(A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B leading to M1
= cos (n arccos x)cos (arccos x) − sin (n arccos x)sin (arccos x) AG
[2 marks]
(h.i) [3]
Markscheme
f n−1 (x) = cos ((n − 1) arccos x) A1
= cos (n arccos x)cos (arccos x) + sin (n arccos x)sin (arccos x) M1
f n+1 (x) + f n−1 (x) = 2 cos (n arccos x)cos (arccos x) A1
= 2xf n (x) AG
[3 marks]
(h.ii) [2]
Markscheme
f 3 (x) = 2xf 2 (x) − f 1 (x) (M1)
2
= 2x (2x − 1) − x
= 4x
3
− 3x A1
[2 marks]
3. [Maximum mark: 5] EXN.1.AHL.TZ0.7
[5]
Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to aid teachers in preparing for
external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam
papers.
METHOD 1
from vertex P, draws a line parallel to [QR] that meets [SR] at a point X (M1)
uses the sine rule in ΔPSX M1
A1
PS y−x
=
sin β sin (180°−α−β)
sin (180°−α − β) = sin (α + β) (A1)
A1
(y−x) sin β
PS =
sin (α+β)
METHOD 2
let the height of quadrilateral PQRS be h
h = PS sin α A1
attempts to find a second expression for h M1
h = (y − x − PS cos α) tan β
PS sin α = (y − x − PS cos α) tan β
writes tan β as , multiplies through by cos β and expands the RHS M1

sin β
cos β
PS sin α cos β = (y − x) sin β − PS cos α sin β
(y−x) sin β
PS =
sin α cos β+cos α sin β
A1
A1
(y−x) sin β
PS =
sin (α+β)
[5 marks]
4. [Maximum mark: 20] EXN.1.AHL.TZ0.12
(a) [3]
Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior examiners to aid teachers in preparing for
external assessment in the new MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to formal exam
papers.
uses the binomial theorem on (cos θ + i sin θ) M1

4
= 4C 0 cos
4
θ + 4C 1 cos
3
θ(i sin θ) + 4C 2 cos
2
θ(i
2
sin
2
θ) + 4C 3 cos θ(i
3
sin
3
θ) + 4C 4(i
4
sin
4
θ) A1
= (cos
4
θ − 6 cos
2
θ sin
2
θ + sin
4
θ) + i(4 cos
3
θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin
3
θ) A1
[3 marks]
(b) [5]
Markscheme
(using de Moivre’s theorem with n = 4 gives) cos 4θ + i sin 4θ (A1)
equates both the real and imaginary parts of cos 4θ + i sin 4θ and
(cos
4
θ − 6 cos
2
θ sin
2
θ + sin
4
θ) + i(4 cos
3
3
θ) M1
cos 4θ = cos
4
θ − 6 cos
2
θ sin
2
θ + sin
4
θ and sin 4θ = 4 cos
3
3
θ
recognizes that cot 4θ =

cos 4θ
sin 4θ
(A1)
substitutes for sin 4θ and cos 4θ into cos 4θ
sin 4θ
M1
4 2 2 4
cos θ −6 cos θ sin θ+sin θ
cot 4θ = 3
4 cos 3 θ sin θ−4 cos θ sin θ
divides the numerator and denominator by sin 4

θ to obtain
4 2 2 4
cos θ −6 cos θ sin θ+sin θ
cot 4θ =
4 cos
3
sin 4 θ
θ sin θ−4 cos θ sin

3
θ
A1
sin 4 θ
4 2
cot 4θ =
cot
4 cot
θ−6 cot
3
θ−4 cot θ
θ+1
AG
[5 marks]
(c) [5]
Markscheme
4 2
setting cot 4θ = 0 and putting x = cot

2
θ in the numerator of cot 4θ =
cot
4 cot
θ−6 cot
3
θ−4 cot θ
θ+1
gives x 2
− 6x + 1 = 0
M1
attempts to solve cot 4θ = 0 for θ M1
π π
(A1)
3
4θ =
2
,
2
, … (4θ =
1
2
(2n + 1) π, n = 0, 1, …)
π π
A1
3
θ = ,
8 8
π π
Note: Do not award the final A1 if solutions other than θ are listed.
3
= ,
8 8
π π
finding the roots of cot 4θ corresponds to finding the roots of x where
3 2
= 0 (θ = , ) − 6x + 1 = 0
8 8
x = cot
2
θ R1
π π
so the equation x 2
− 6x + 1 = 0 as roots cot 2
8
and cot 2 3
8
AG
[5 marks]
(d) [4]
Markscheme
attempts to solve x 2
− 6x + 1 = 0 for x M1
x = 3 ± 2√ 2 A1
π π π
since cot 2
8
> cot
2 3
8
, cot
2 3
8
has the smaller value of the two roots R1
Note: Award R1 for an alternative convincing valid reason.
π
so cot 2 3
8
= 3 -2 √ 2 A1
[4 marks]
(e) [3]
Markscheme
let y = cosec
2
θ
uses cot 2
θ = cosec
2
θ − 1 where x = cot
2
θ (M1)
M1
2 2
x − 6x + 1 = 0 ⇒ (y − 1) − 6(y − 1) + 1 = 0
y
2
− 8y + 8 = 0 A1
[3 marks]
5. [Maximum mark: 26] EXM.3.AHL.TZ0.5
(a.i) [1]
Markscheme
A1
[1 mark]
(a.ii) [1]
Markscheme
5 A1
[1 mark]
(a.iii) [1]
Markscheme
2π A1
[1 mark]
(b.i) [1]
Markscheme
, ,
A = 5 B = 1 D = 0 A1
[1 mark]
(b.ii) [2]
Markscheme
maximum at x = 0.644 M1
So C = −0.644 A1
[2 marks]
(c.i) [1]
Markscheme
0.644 A1
[1 mark]
(c.ii) [1]
Markscheme
it appears that C = −arctan

3
4
A1
[1 mark]
(d) [5]
Markscheme
M1
A = 13 A1
B = 1 and D = 0 A1
So C = −0.395 (= −arctan
5
12
) A1
[5 marks]
(e.i) [1]
Markscheme
2
A = √a + b
2
A1
[1 mark]
(e.ii) [1]
Markscheme
B = 1 A1
[1 mark]
(e.iii) [1]
Markscheme
C = −arctan
a
b
A1
[1 mark]
(e.iv) [1]
Markscheme
D = 0 A1
[1 mark]
(f.i) [2]
Markscheme
EITHER
use of a right triangle and Pythgoras’ to show the missing side length is b M1A1
OR
Use of sin 2 2
θ + cos θ = 1 , leading to the required result M1A1
[2 marks]
(f.ii) [1]
Markscheme
EITHER
use of a right triangle, leading to the required result. M1
OR
Use of tan θ =
sin θ
cos θ
, leading to the required result. M1
[1 mark]
(g) [6]
Markscheme
2 2
a sin x + b cos x = √ a + b (sin θ sin x + cos θ cos x) M1
2 2
a sin x + b cos x = √ a + b (cos (x − θ)) M1A1
So A 2
= √a + b
2
,
B = 1 and D = 0 A1
And C = −θ M1
So C = −arctan
a
b
A1
[6 marks]
6. [Maximum mark: 26] EXM.3.AHL.TZ0.5
(a.i) [1]
Markscheme
A1
[1 mark]
(a.ii) [1]
Markscheme
5 A1
[1 mark]
(a.iii) [1]
Markscheme
2π A1
[1 mark]
(b.i) [1]
Markscheme
, ,
A = 5 B = 1 D = 0 A1
[1 mark]
(b.ii) [2]
Markscheme
So C = −0.644 A1
[2 marks]
(c.i) [1]
Markscheme
0.644 A1
[1 mark]
(c.ii) [1]
Markscheme
it appears that C = −arctan

3
4
A1
[1 mark]
(d) [5]
Markscheme
M1
A = 13 A1
B = 1 and D = 0 A1
So C = −0.395 (= −arctan
5
12
) A1
[5 marks]
(e.i) [1]
Markscheme
2
A = √a + b
2
A1
[1 mark]
(e.ii) [1]
Markscheme
B = 1 A1
[1 mark]
(e.iii) [1]
Markscheme
C = −arctan
a
b
A1
[1 mark]
(e.iv) [1]
Markscheme
D = 0 A1
[1 mark]
(f.i) [2]
Markscheme
EITHER
use of a right triangle and Pythgoras’ to show the missing side length is b M1A1
OR
Use of sin 2 2
θ + cos θ = 1 , leading to the required result M1A1
[2 marks]
(f.ii) [1]
Markscheme
EITHER
use of a right triangle, leading to the required result. M1
OR
Use of tan θ =
sin θ
cos θ
, leading to the required result. M1
[1 mark]
(g) [6]
Markscheme
2 2
a sin x + b cos x = √ a + b (sin θ sin x + cos θ cos x) M1
2 2
a sin x + b cos x = √ a + b (cos (x − θ)) M1A1
So A 2
= √a + b
2
B = 1 , and D = 0 A1
And C = −θ M1
So C = −arctan
a
b
A1
[6 marks]
7. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.3

[6]
Markscheme
1 − 2 sin
2
x = sin x A1
2
2 sin x + sin x − 1 = 0
valid attempt to solve quadratic (M1)
−1±√ 1−4(2)(−1)
(2 sin x − 1)(sin x + 1) OR 2(2)
recognition to solve for sin x (M1)
sin x =
1
2
OR sin x = −1
any correct solution from sin x = −1 A1
any correct solution from sin x =

1
2
A1
Note: The previous two marks may be awarded for degree or radian values, irrespective of domain.
x = −
π
2
,
π
6
,
5π
6
A1
Note: If no working shown, award no marks for a final value(s).
Award A0 for − π
2
,
π
6
,
5π
6
if additional values also given.
[6 marks]
[5]
Markscheme
2
OR A OR triangle height h (A1)
1 2 π 1 2 x √3
= √x − (
2
A = x sin = x sin 60 ° ) (= x)
2 3 2 2 2
OR A1
1 2 √3 1 √3 √3 2
= x ( ) A = x( x)(= x )
2 2 2 2 4
Note: Award A1 for sin . This may be seen at a later stage.

π √3
=
3 2
attempt to use chain rule or implicit differentiation (M1)
dA dA dx
= ×
dt dx dt
OR (A1)
dA √3 dx dA 1 π dx
= × 2x = × sin × 2x
dt 4 dt dt 2 3 dt
2√ 3
= × 5√ 3 × 4
4
dA
dt
= 30 (cm
2
s
−1
) A1
Note: Award a maximum of (A1)A1(M1)(A0)A1 for a correct answer with incorrect derivative notation seen throughout.
[5 marks]
(a) [2]
Markscheme
recognition that period is 4m OR substitution of a point on f (except the origin) (M1)
4m =
2π
q
OR 1 = sin qm
m =
π
2q
A1
[2 marks]
(b) [4]
Markscheme
horizontal scale factor is 3
2
(seen anywhere) (A1)
Note: This (A1) may be earned by seeing a period of 6m, half period of 3m or the correct x-coordinate of the
maximum/minimum point.
A1A1A1
Note:
Curve must be an approximate sinusoidal shape (sine or cosine).
Only in this case, award the following:
A1 for correct amplitude.
A1 for correct domain.
A1 for correct max and min points and correct x-intercepts.
[4 marks]
(a) [2]
Markscheme
L = AC + CB
3 3
( )
AC
4
= cos α(⇒ AC =
4
cos α
⇒ AC =
3
4
sec α) A1
CB
6
= sin α(⇒ CB =
6
sin α
⇒ CB = 6 cosec α) A1
so L =
3
4
sec α + 6 cosec α AG
[2 marks]
(b.i) [1]
Markscheme
dL
dα
=
3
4
sec α tan α − 6 cosec α cot α A1
[1 mark]
(b.ii) [4]
Markscheme
attempt to write dL
dα
in terms of sin α, cos α or tan α (may be seen in (i)) (M1)
3 3 3 3
sin α tan α tan α−6
dL
dα
=
4
cos 2 α
−
6 cos α
sin
2
α
OR dL
dα
=
4
cos α
−
6
sin α cos α
(=
4
cos α tan
2
α
)
dL
dα
= 0 ⇒
3
4
sin
3
α − 6 cos
3
α = 0 OR 3
4
tan
3
α − 6 = 0 (or equivalent) (A1)
tan
3
α = 8 A1
tan α = 2 A1
α = arctan 2 AG
[4 marks]
(c.i) [3]
Markscheme
attempt to use product rule (at least once) (M1)

2
d L 3 3 2
2
= sec α tan α tan α + sec α sec α
dα 4 4
+6 cosec α cot α cot α + 6 cosec α cosec

2
α A1A1
Note: Award A1 for 3
4
sec α tan α tan α +
3
4
sec α sec
2
α and A1 for
+6 cosec α cot α cot α + 6 cosec α cosec
2
.
α
Allow unsimplified correct answer.
2
d L 3 2 3 3 2 3
( = sec α tan α + sec α + 6 cosec α cot α + 6 cosec α)
dα 2 4 4
[3 marks]
(c.ii) [4]
Markscheme
attempt to find a ratio other than tan α using an appropriate trigonometric identity OR a right triangle with at least two
side lengths seen (M1)
Note: Award M0 for α = arctan 2 substituted into their d L
dα
2
with no further progress.
one correct ratio (A1)
√5
sec α = √ 5 OR cosec α =
2
OR cot α =
1
2
OR cos α =
1
√5
OR sin α =
√5
2
Note: M1A1 may be seen in part (d).
3 3
2
(or equivalent) A2
3 2 3 √5 1 √5
(√ 5)(2 ) + (√ 5) + 6( )( ) + 6( )
4 4 2 2 2
12√ 5 15√ 5 3√ 5 15√ 5

+ + +
4 4 4 4
Note: Award A1 for only two or three correct terms.
Award a maximum of (M1)(A1)A1 on FT from c(i).
2
d L
dα 2
45
4
√5 AG
[4 marks]
(d.i) [1]
Markscheme
2
d L
dα
2
> 0 OR concave up (or equivalent) R1
(and dL
dα
= 0 , when α = arctan 2 , hence L is a minimum)
[1 mark]
(d.ii) [2]
Markscheme
(A1)
3 √5
(L min =) (√ 5) + 6( )
4 2
15√ 5
=
4
A1
[3 marks]
(e) [2]
Markscheme
(11. 25 =)
15√ 9
4
>
15√ 5
4
(or equivalent comparative reasoning) R1
the pole cannot be carried (horizontally from the passageway into the room) A1
Note: Do not award R0A1.
[2 marks]
(a) [4]
Markscheme
2t + 1 × 0 + 0 × (3 + t) (= 2t) (seen anywhere) (A1)
one correct magnitude √1 , √(2t) (A1)

2 2 2 2 2
+ 1 + 0 + (3 + t)
correct substitution of their magnitudes and scalar product M1
OR
2 2 π π 2t
2t = √ 2 × √ (2t) + (3 + t) × cos cos =
3 3 √ 2×√ 5t 2 +6t+9
2 2
4t = √ 2(4t + 9 + 6t + t ) OR 1
2
=
2t
(or equivalent) A1
√ 2(5t 2 +6t+9)
2
4t = √ 10t + 12t + 18 AG
[4 marks]
(b) [4]
Markscheme
correct quadratic equation A1
16t
2
= 10t
2
+ 12t + 18 , 6t
2
− 12t − 18 = 0 , t
2
− 2t − 3 = 0
valid attempt to solve their quadratic set = 0 (M1)
2
12±√ (−12) −4×6×(−18)
OR OR (t − 1) (A1)
2
(t + 1)(t − 3) − 4
12
t = 3 A1
Note: Award A0 if additional answer(s) given.
[4 marks]
(c) [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
recognizing shortest distance from A is perpendicular to L 1 (M1)

−
−
∣∣⎜⎟ ∣
OR
3
→
PA
√3
→
2
PA
→
x =
1
=
METHOD 2
=
1
√2
√2
METHOD 3
√2
√2
2
⎝
1
⎛ ⎞
⎝ ⎠
0
−6
⎛ ⎞
⎝ ⎠
0
2
= √6 + 6
√ 72
√ 216
−6
1
⎠
(= 3√ 2)
2
= √6 + 6
6
2
2
⎞
⋅
(A1)
(= √ 54, 3√ 6)
shortest distance is
×
6
⎛ ⎞
⎝ ⎠
shortest distance is √54 (=

6
⎛ ⎞
⎝ ⎠
6
OR
0
√ 216
recognition that the distance required is
(A1)
sin
(= √ 72, 6√ 2)
recognition that the base of the triangle is
1 6
3√ 6)
(= √ 72, 6√ 2)
π
=
(= √ 54, 3√ 6)
(A1)
x
PA
(seen anywhere)
v+PA
A1
|v|
v⋅PA
|v|
(seen anywhere)
A1
(M1)
(M1)
(A1)
(A1)
(A1)
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
→
→
→
→
→
AB =
→
→
⎛
→
→
−6
0
1
⎛ ⎞
⎞
→⎛
+ λ
2
⎛
2
1
0
⎛ ⎞
1
⎞
AB = √ 2(λ − 3) + 54
→
1
2
⎛ ⎞
AB = √ (λ − 6) + λ + (−6)
2
λ = 3
6
⎛ ⎞
∣ ⎜⎟
Note: The value of
d = √ PA − b = √ (√ 72) − (3√ 2)
2
→
1
2
METHOD 4
Let B be a general point on L
attempt to find vector AB OR
⎛ ⎞⎞
AB = OB − OA = OP + λ
EITHER
d
dλ
OR
OR
⎝
2
⎝
−6
⎠
(= √ 2λ − 12λ + 72)
( AB
−6 + λ
−6
⎞
⎠
2
2
AB = √ (λ − 6) + (8 + λ − 8) + (−3 − 3)
PA
⎝ ⎠
0
OR
2
= √6 + 6
3√ 6)
) = 0 ⇒ 4λ − 12 = 0 ⇒ λ = 3
⋅
⎛
⎝
1
0
⎞
⎠
2
⎝ ⎠
0
to obtain
may be seen as part of the working of their shortest distance,
A1
(λ, 8 + λ,
AB
− OA
− 3)
= 0 ⇒ −6 + λ + λ = 0 ⇒ λ = 3
=
such that AB is perpendicular to L
(the shortest distance from B to L )
A1
8
−3
⎠
A1
+ λ
⎝ ⎠
0
1
A1
1
− 8
⎝ ⎠
3
(M1)
1
= AP + λ
⎝ ⎠⎠
A1
0
1 (λ ∈ R)
−
−→
⎜⎟
THEN
[4 marks]
(d)
Markscheme
1
⎛ ⎞
⎝ ⎠
0
n =
(e)
6
⎛ ⎞
⎝ ⎠
3
1
3
h = 5√ 3
EITHER
1
Markscheme
×
⎝
−1
−1
1
⎠
6
⎛ ⎞
⎝ ⎠
6
0
π(3√ 6) h = 90√ 3π
μ|n| = 5√ 3
+ μ
[2]
(seen anywhere)
recognition that μ|n|

1
−1
−1
⎠
⎞
OR √μ
OR
= h
2
3√ 6)
attempt to find the vector product of two direction vectors
A1
A1
(or any scalar multiple of this) (accept n
Note: Award A0 for a final answer given in coordinate form.
[2 marks]
[7]
substituting their x into volume formula and equating
2
=< 1,
recognition that the position vector of vertex is given by OA + μn OR OA + h × n̂
(6 + μ, 8 − μ, 3 − μ)
(where μ is a parameter)
+ (−μ)
2
+ (−μ)
2
= 5√ 3 OR
(M1)
3μ
(M1)
2
(M1)
− 1,
= 75
− 1 > or equivalent)
(⇒ √ 3μ = 5√ 3)
(M1)
A1
OR
n̂
⎜⎟ ∣
μ = ±5
5√ 3 ×
THEN
=
6
⎛ ⎞
⎝ ⎠
39
4
3
[7 marks]
=
,
8
17
√3
4
1
(accept μ
attempt to find cone’s height vector h × n̂
1
−1
√3
± 5
,−
⎠
1
−1
4
−1
−1
)
⎠
⎞
−1
−1
⎞
1
= 5
(A1)
⎞ ⎛
⎠ ⎝
4
,
)
vertex = (11, 3, −2) and (1, 13, 8) (accept position vectors)
Note: Award a maximum of (M0)A0(M1)(M1)(A1)A1A1FT for
−→
and ( 47
4
⎛
,
(A1)
27
4
⎞
)
±
⎛
⎝
5
−5
−5
⎠⎠
⎞⎞
obtained using x
(M1)
= PA
A1A1
from part (c).

(a) [2]
Markscheme
−→
OM = a + kc A1
−→
MC = (1 − k)c − a A1
[2 marks]
(b) [3]
Markscheme
−
−→ →
attempts to expand their dot product OM ∙ MC = (a + kc) ∙ ((1 − k)c − a) M1
(or equivalent)
2 2
= (1 − 2k)(a ∙ c) − |a| + k(1 − k)|c|
uses |c| M1
2
= 2|a| and a ∙ c = 2|a| cos θ
2 2 2
= 2(1 − 2k)|a| co sθ − |a| + 4k(1 − k)|a|
A1
2 2 2
= 2(1 − 2k)|a| cos θ − (1 − 2k) |a|
AG
2
|a| (1 − 2k)(2 cos θ − (1 − 2k)) = 0
[3 marks]
(c) [4]
Markscheme
attempts to solve |a| for k (M1)

2
(1 − 2k)(2 cos θ − (1 − 2k)) = 0
or k
1 1 2
k = = − cos θ (|a| > 0)
2 2
Note: Award (M1) for their ‘k = ’ or their ‘cos θ = ’. For example, cos θ =
1−2k
2
or equivalent.
as 0 ≤ k ≤ 1 0 ≤, 1
2
− cos θ ≤ 1
−
1
2
≤ cos θ ≤
1
2
A1
π
3
≤ θ ≤
2π
3
,θ ≠
π
2
A1A1
(θ =
π
2
corresponds to only one possible position for M when k =
1
2
)
[4 marks]
(a) [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
A1
2
|u| = √ (−1) + (√ 3) (= √ 1 + 3)
= 2 AG
reference angle = π
3
OR arg u = π − tan
−1
(√ 3) OR arg u = π + tan
−1
(−√ 3) M1
= π −
π
3
A1
Note: Award the above M1A1 for a labelled diagram that convincingly shows that arg u =
2π
3
.
2π
=
2π
3
and so u = 2e
i
3 . AG
METHOD 2
3
−1
−1
(−√ 3) M1
= π −
π
3
A1
2π
3
.
=
2π
3
AG
2π 2π
r(cos + i sin ) = −1 + √ 3i
3 3
√3 √3
r =
−1
cos
2π
=
−
−1
1
OR r =
sin
2π
=
√3
A1
3 2 3
2
2π
= 2 and so u = 2e
i
3 AG
[3 marks]
(b.i) [3]
Markscheme
u
n
∈ R ⇒
2nπ
3
= kπ (k ∈ Z) (M1)(A1)
π π
Note: Award M1 for noting that sin from u .
2nπ n n 2n 2n
= 0 = 2 (cos + i sin )
3 3 3
Award (A1) for a multiple of 3 considered.
n = 3 A1
[3 marks]
(b.ii) [2]
Markscheme
substitutes their value (must be a multiple of 3) for n into u n

(M1)
3 3
u = 2 cos 2π
= 8 A1
[2 marks]
(c)
(c.i) [5]
Markscheme
−1 − √ 3i is a root (by the conjugate root theorem) A1
2π
Note: Accept 2e −i
3
.
let z = c be the real root
EITHER
uses sum of roots (equated to ±5) (M1)
((−1 + √ 3i) + (−1 − √ 3i) + c) = −5 (A1)
−2 + c = −5 (A1)
OR
uses product of roots (equated to ±12) (M1)
(−1 + √ 3i)(−1 − √ 3i)c = −12 (A1)
4c = −12 (A1)
OR
(z − (−1 + √ 3i))(z − (−1 + √ 3i)) = z

2
+ 2z + 4 (A1)
compares coefficients eg (M1)
2 3 2
(z − c)(z + 2z + 4) = z + 5z + 10z + 12
4c = −12 (A1)
THEN
c = −3 (and so z = −3 is a root) A1
[5 marks]
(c.ii) [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
compares z 3
+ 5z
2
+ 10z + 12 = 0 and 1 + 5w + 10w 2
+ 12w
3
= 0
z =
1
w
⇒ w =
1
z
A2
w = −
1
3
,
1
(=
−1±√ 3i
4
) A1A1
−1±√ 3i
METHOD 2
attempts to factorize into a product of a linear factor and a quadratic factor (M1)
1 + 5w + 10w
2
+ 12w
3
= (3w + 1)(4w
2
+ 2w + 1) A1
w = −
1
3
,
1
(=
−1±√ 3i
4
) A1A1
−1±√ 3i
[4 marks]
(d) [5]
Markscheme
A1
2
(a + bi) = 2(a − bi)
attempts to expand and equate real and imaginary parts: M1
2 2
a − b = 2abi = 2a − 2bi
a
2
− b
2
= 2a and 2ab = −2b
attempts to find the value of a or b M1
2b(a + 1) = 0
b = 0 ⇒ a
2
= 2a ⇒ a = 2 (real root) A1
a = −1 ⇒ 1 − b
2
= −2 ⇒ b = ±√ 3 (complex roots −1 ± √3i) A1
[5 marks]
(a) [6]
Markscheme
let t = √x M1
t
2
= x ⇒ 2t dt = dx A1
so ∫ cos √xdx = 2 ∫ t cos t dt A1
attempts integration by parts (M1)
u = 2t , ,
d v = cos t dt du = 2 dt v = sin t ,
2 ∫ t cos t dt = 2t sin t − 2 ∫ sin t dt (A1)
= 2t sin t + 2 cos t + C A1
substitution of t = √x ⇒ ∫ cos √xdx = 2√x sin √x + 2 cos √x + C AG
[6 marks]
(b) [1]
Markscheme
2 2
(2(n+1)−1) π 2 2
(2n+1) π
x n+1 =
4
(=
4
) A1
[1 mark]
(c) [7]
Markscheme
x n+1
area of R is n ∫ cos √x dx (M1)

xn
Note: Modulus may be seen at a later stage.
2 2
(2n+1) π
= [2√ x sin √ x + 2 cos √ x]

(2n−1)
4
2
π
2
A1
4
Note: Condone +C at this stage.

= 2
∣∣
attempts to substitute their limits into their integrated expression
(2n+1)π
= 2 (−1)
= 2 (−1)
= 2 (−1)
= 4nπ
2
× sin
n (2n+1)π
n (2n+1)π
n 4nπ
A1
2
2
2
(2n+1)π
− ((−1)
+ (−1)
+ cos
(2n+1)π
n+1 (2n−1)π
n (2n−1)π
2
2
2
A1
− (
Note: Award a maximum of (M1)A1M1A1A1A0A0 for only attempting to calculate
modulus.
[7 marks]
(d)
Markscheme
EITHER
attempts to find (d
(d =)4(n + 1)π − 4nπ
= 4π A1
[3]
=)R n+1 − R n
which is a constant (common difference is 4π)
OR
an arithmetic sequence is of the form u
attempts to compare u
d = 4π and c
Note: Accept d
n
M1
(2n−1)π
(or equivalent)
Note: Award M0 for consideration of special cases for example R and R . Accept d
= dn + c (u n = dn + u 1 − d)
= 0 (u 1 − d = 0)
= kπ .
A1
R1
× sin
= dn + c (u n = dn + u 1 − d)
and R
(2n−1)π
n
2
A1
(M1)
= 4nπ
+ cos
2
(2n−1)π
x n+1
xn
M1
M1
∫
2
)
cos √ x dx
= kπ .
A1
, and not applying the

THEN
so the areas of the regions form an arithmetic sequence AG
[3 marks]

(a) [2]
Markscheme
attempts to find perimeter (M1)
arc + 2 × radius OR 10 + 4 + 4
= 18 (cm) A1
[2 marks]
(b) [2]
Markscheme
10 = 4θ (A1)
θ =
10
4
(=
5
2
, 2. 5) A1
[2 marks]
(c) [2]
Markscheme
area = 1
2
(
10
4
2
)(4 ) (= 1. 25 × 16) (A1)
= 20 (cm )
2
A1
[2 marks]
(a) [1]
Markscheme
cos k =
sin k
cos k
A1
cos
2
k = sin k AG
[1 mark]
(b) [3]
Markscheme
f ′(k) = − sin k and g′(k) = sec

2
k A1
Note: Award A1 for f ′(x) = − sin x and g′(x) = sec

2
x .
EITHER
f ′(k)g′(k) = −
sin k
cos
2
k
M1
cos
2
k = sin k ⇒ f ′(k)g′(k)(= −
sin k
sin k
) = −1 R1
OR
g′(k) =
1
cos
2
k
M1
cos
2
k = sin k ⇒ g′(k) =
1
sin k
= −
1
f ′(k)
R1
Note: Accept showing that f ′(k) = −

1
g′(k)
.
Note: Allow ’backwards methods’ such as starting with f ′(k) = −

1
g′(k)
leading to cos 2
.
k = sin k
THEN
⇒ the two tangents intersect at right angles at P AG
Note: To obtain the final R1, all of the previous marks must have been awarded.
[3 marks]
(c) [3]
Markscheme
1 − sin
2
k = sin k (from part (a)) A1
2
sin k + sin k − 1 = 0
attempts to solve for sin k (M1)
2
−1±√ 1 −4(1)(−1)
sin k =
2
(for 0 < k <

π
2
, sin k )
> 0 ⇒ sin k =
−1+√ 5
2
A1
(a ,
= −1 b = 5 c = 2 , )
Note: Award A0 if more than one solution is given
[3 marks]
(a) [6]
Markscheme
let t = √x M1
t
2
= x ⇒ 2t dt = dx A1
so ∫ cos √xdx = 2 ∫ t cos t dt A1
attempts integration by parts (M1)
u = 2t , ,
d v = cos t dt du = 2 dt v = sin t ,
2 ∫ t cos t dt = 2t sin t − 2 ∫ sin t dt (A1)
= 2t sin t + 2 cos t + C A1
substitution of t = √x ⇒ ∫ cos √xdx = 2√x sin √x + 2 cos √x + C AG
[6 marks]
(b) [1]
Markscheme
2 2
(2(n+1)−1) π 2 2
(2n+1) π
x n+1 =
4
(=
4
) A1
[1 mark]
(c) [7]
Markscheme
x n+1
area of R is n ∫ cos √x dx (M1)

xn
Note: Modulus may be seen at a later stage.
2 2
(2n+1) π
= [2√ x sin √ x + 2 cos √ x]

(2n−1)
4
2
π
2
A1
4
Note: Condone +C at this stage.

= 2
∣∣
attempts to substitute their limits into their integrated expression
(2n+1)π
= 2 (−1)
= 2 (−1)
= 2 (−1)
= 4nπ
2
× sin
n (2n+1)π
n (2n+1)π
n 4nπ
A1
2
2
2
(2n+1)π
− ((−1)
+ (−1)
+ cos
(2n+1)π
n+1 (2n−1)π
n (2n−1)π
2
2
2
A1
− (
Note: Award a maximum of (M1)A1M1A1A1A0A0 for only attempting to calculate
modulus.
[7 marks]
(d)
Markscheme
EITHER
attempts to find (d
(d =)4(n + 1)π − 4nπ
= 4π A1
[3]
=)R n+1 − R n
which is a constant (common difference is 4π)
OR
an arithmetic sequence is of the form u
attempts to compare u
d = 4π and c
Note: Accept d
n
M1
(2n−1)π
(or equivalent)
Note: Award M0 for consideration of special cases for example R and R . Accept d
= dn + c (u n = dn + u 1 − d)
= 0 (u 1 − d = 0)
= kπ .
A1
R1
× sin
= dn + c (u n = dn + u 1 − d)
and R
(2n−1)π
n
2
A1
(M1)
= 4nπ
+ cos
2
(2n−1)π
x n+1
xn
M1
M1
∫
2
)
cos √ x dx
= kπ .
A1
, and not applying the

THEN
so the areas of the regions form an arithmetic sequence AG
[3 marks]

(a) [2]
Markscheme
attempts to find perimeter (M1)
arc + 2 × radius OR 10 + 4 + 4
= 18 (cm) A1
[2 marks]
(b) [2]
Markscheme
10 = 4θ (A1)
θ =
10
4
(=
5
2
, 2. 5) A1
[2 marks]
(c) [2]
Markscheme
area = 1
2
(
10
4
2
)(4 ) (= 1. 25 × 16) (A1)
= 20 (cm )
2
A1
[2 marks]
(a) [2]
Markscheme
−→
OM = a + kc A1
−→
MC = (1 − k)c − a A1
[2 marks]
(b) [3]
Markscheme
−
−→ →
attempts to expand their dot product OM ∙ MC = (a + kc) ∙ ((1 − k)c − a) M1
(or equivalent)
2 2
= (1 − 2k)(a ∙ c) − |a| + k(1 − k)|c|
uses |c| M1
2
= 2|a| and a ∙ c = 2|a| cos θ
2 2 2
= 2(1 − 2k)|a| co sθ − |a| + 4k(1 − k)|a|
A1
2 2 2
= 2(1 − 2k)|a| cos θ − (1 − 2k) |a|
AG
2
|a| (1 − 2k)(2 cos θ − (1 − 2k)) = 0
[3 marks]
(c) [4]
Markscheme
attempts to solve |a| for k (M1)

2
(1 − 2k)(2 cos θ − (1 − 2k)) = 0
or k
1 1 2
k = = − cos θ (|a| > 0)
2 2
Note: Award (M1) for their ‘k = ’ or their ‘cos θ = ’. For example, cos θ =
1−2k
2
or equivalent.
as 0 ≤ k ≤ 1 0 ≤, 1
2
− cos θ ≤ 1
−
1
2
≤ cos θ ≤
1
2
A1
π
3
≤ θ ≤
2π
3
,θ ≠
π
2
A1A1
(θ =
π
2
corresponds to only one possible position for M when k =
1
2
)
[4 marks]
(a) [1]
Markscheme
cos k =
sin k
cos k
A1
cos
2
k = sin k AG
[1 mark]
(b) [3]
Markscheme
f ′(k) = − sin k and g′(k) = sec

2
k A1
Note: Award A1 for f ′(x) = − sin x and g′(x) = sec

2
x .
EITHER
f ′(k)g′(k) = −
sin k
cos
2
k
M1
cos
2
k = sin k ⇒ f ′(k)g′(k)(= −
sin k
sin k
) = −1 R1
OR
g′(k) =
1
cos
2
k
M1
cos
2
k = sin k ⇒ g′(k) =
1
sin k
= −
1
f ′(k)
R1
Note: Accept showing that f ′(k) = −

1
g′(k)
.
Note: Allow ’backwards methods’ such as starting with f ′(k) = −

1
g′(k)
leading to cos 2
.
k = sin k
THEN
⇒ the two tangents intersect at right angles at P AG
Note: To obtain the final R1, all of the previous marks must have been awarded.
[3 marks]
(c) [3]
Markscheme
1 − sin
2
k = sin k (from part (a)) A1
2
sin k + sin k − 1 = 0
attempts to solve for sin k (M1)
2
−1±√ 1 −4(1)(−1)
sin k =
2
(for 0 < k <

π
2
, sin k )
> 0 ⇒ sin k =
−1+√ 5
2
A1
(a ,
= −1 b = 5 c = 2 , )
Note: Award A0 if more than one solution is given
[3 marks]
(a) [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
A1
2
|u| = √ (−1) + (√ 3) (= √ 1 + 3)
= 2 AG
3
−1
−1
(−√ 3) M1
= π −
π
3
A1
2π
3
.
2π
=
2π
3
and so u = 2e
i
3 . AG
METHOD 2
3
−1
−1
(−√ 3) M1
= π −
π
3
A1
2π
3
.
=
2π
3
AG
2π 2π
r(cos + i sin ) = −1 + √ 3i
3 3
√3 √3
r =
−1
cos
2π
=
−
−1
1
OR r =
sin
2π
=
√3
A1
3 2 3
2
2π
= 2 and so u = 2e
i
3 AG
[3 marks]
(b.i) [3]
Markscheme
u
n
∈ R ⇒
2nπ
3
= kπ (k ∈ Z) (M1)(A1)
π π
Note: Award M1 for noting that sin from u .
2nπ n n 2n 2n
= 0 = 2 (cos + i sin )
3 3 3
Award (A1) for a multiple of 3 considered.
n = 3 A1
[3 marks]
(b.ii) [2]
Markscheme
substitutes their value (must be a multiple of 3) for n into u n

(M1)
3 3
u = 2 cos 2π
= 8 A1
[2 marks]
(c)
(c.i) [5]
Markscheme
−1 − √ 3i is a root (by the conjugate root theorem) A1
2π
Note: Accept 2e −i
3
.
let z = c be the real root
EITHER
uses sum of roots (equated to ±5) (M1)
((−1 + √ 3i) + (−1 − √ 3i) + c) = −5 (A1)
−2 + c = −5 (A1)
OR
uses product of roots (equated to ±12) (M1)
(−1 + √ 3i)(−1 − √ 3i)c = −12 (A1)
4c = −12 (A1)
OR
(z − (−1 + √ 3i))(z − (−1 + √ 3i)) = z

2
+ 2z + 4 (A1)
compares coefficients eg (M1)
2 3 2
(z − c)(z + 2z + 4) = z + 5z + 10z + 12
4c = −12 (A1)
THEN
c = −3 (and so z = −3 is a root) A1
[5 marks]
(c.ii) [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
compares z 3
+ 5z
2
+ 10z + 12 = 0 and 1 + 5w + 10w 2
+ 12w
3
= 0
z =
1
w
⇒ w =
1
z
A2
w = −
1
3
,
1
(=
−1±√ 3i
4
) A1A1
−1±√ 3i
METHOD 2
attempts to factorize into a product of a linear factor and a quadratic factor (M1)
1 + 5w + 10w
2
+ 12w
3
= (3w + 1)(4w
2
+ 2w + 1) A1
w = −
1
3
,
1
(=
−1±√ 3i
4
) A1A1
−1±√ 3i
[4 marks]
(d) [5]
Markscheme
A1
2
(a + bi) = 2(a − bi)
attempts to expand and equate real and imaginary parts: M1
2 2
a − b = 2abi = 2a − 2bi
a
2
− b
2
= 2a and 2ab = −2b
attempts to find the value of a or b M1
2b(a + 1) = 0
b = 0 ⇒ a
2
= 2a ⇒ a = 2 (real root) A1
a = −1 ⇒ 1 − b
2
= −2 ⇒ b = ±√ 3 (complex roots −1 ± √3i) A1
[5 marks]
22. [Maximum mark: 5] 22N.1.AHL.TZ0.8
(a) [2]
Markscheme
π
a =
2
A2
Note: For sinusoidal graph through the origin seen with incorrect a, or use of horizontal line test with incorrect a, award
A1A0
[2 marks]
(b) [1]
Markscheme
a = π A1
[1 mark]
(c) [2]
Markscheme
sketch showing sinusoidal shape decreasing as it crosses the y-axis
(below or above the origin) (A1)
a = k − π A1
[2 marks]
(a) [5]
Markscheme
2 2
cos x − 3 sin x = 0
valid attempt to reduce equation to one involving one trigonometric function (M1)
2
sin
cos 2 x
x
=
1
3
OR 1 − sin
2
x − 3 sin
2
x = 0 OR cos
2
x − 3(1 − cos
2
x) = 0 OR cos 2x − 1 + cos 2x = 0
correct equation (A1)
tan
2
x =
1
3
OR cos
2
x =
3
4
OR sin
2
x =
1
4
OR cos 2x =
1
π π
OR OR OR (A1)
1 √3 1 5
tan x = ± cos x = ± sin x = (±) 2x = (, )
√3 2 2 3 3
π π
A1A1
5
x = , x =
6 6
π
Note: Award M1A1A0A1A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only x =
6
.
Award M1A1A0A0A0 for candidates who omit the ± (for tan or cos) and give only x = 30° .
Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both answers in degrees.
Award M1A1A1A1A0 for candidates who give both correct answers in radians, but who include additional solutions
outside the domain.
Award a maximum of M1A0A0A1A1 for correct answers with no working.
[5 marks]
(b.i) [2]
Markscheme
attempt to use the chain rule (may be evidenced by at least one cos x sin x term) (M1)
f ′(x) = −2 cos x sin x − 6 sin x cos x(= −8 sin x cos x = −4 sin 2x) A1
[2 marks]
(b.ii) [5]
Markscheme
valid attempt to solve their f ′(x) = 0 (M1)
At least 2 correct x-coordinates (may be seen in coordinates) (A1)

π
x = 0, x =
2
, x = π
Note: Accept additional correct solutions outside the domain.

Award A0 if any additional incorrect solutions are given.
correct coordinates (may be seen in graph for part (c)) A1A1A1
π
(0, 1), π, 1),
( (
2
, − 3)
Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A1A1A0 if any additional solutions are given.
Note: If candidates do not find at least two correct x-coordinates, it is possible to award the appropriate final marks for
their correct coordinates, such as M1A0A0A1A0.
[5 marks]
(c) [4]
Markscheme
attempt to reflect the negative part of the graph of f in the x-axis M1
endpoints have coordinates (0, 1), (π, 1) A1
π
smooth maximum at ( 2
, 3) A1
π π
sharp points ( cusps ) at x-intercepts A1
5
,
6 6
[4 marks]
(d) [4]
Markscheme
considers points of intersection of y = |f (x)| and y = 1 on graph or algebraically (M1)
−(cos
2
x − 3 sin
2
x) = 1 or −(1 − 4 sin
2
x) = 1 or −(4 cos
2
x − 3) = 1 or −(2 cos 2x − 1) = 1
tan
2
x = 1 or sin
2
x =
1
2
or cos
2
x =
1
2
or cos 2x = 0 (A1)
π π
x =
4
,
3
4
(A1)
For |f (x)| > 1
π π
4
< x <
3
4
A1
[4 marks]
(a.i) [2]
Markscheme
z0 = 1 + i (A1)
π
arg(z 0 ) = arctan(1) =
4
= 45° A1
Note: Accept any of these three forms, including an answer marked on an Argand diagram.
[2 marks]
(a.ii) [1]
Markscheme
arg(z n ) = arctan(
1
n 2 +n+1
) A1
[1 mark]
(b.i) [2]
Markscheme
attempt to use the compound angle formula for tan M1
tan (arctan (a))+tan (arctan (b))

tan (arctan (a) + arctan (b)) =
1−tan (arctan (a)) tan (arctan (b))
=
a+b
1−ab
A1
⇒ arctan (a) + arctan (b) = arctan (

a+b
1−ab
) AG
[2 marks]
(b.ii) [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
arg(w 1 ) = arg(z 0 z 1 ) = arg(z 0 ) + arg(z 1 ) M1
= arctan (1) + arctan (

1
3
) (A1)
1
1+
= arctan(
3
1 ) A1
1−
3
= arctan (2) AG
METHOD 2
w 1 = z 0 z 1 = (1 + i)(3 + i) (M1)
= 2 + 4i A1
arg(w 1 ) = arctan(
4
2
) or labelled Argand diagram A1
= arctan (2) AG
[3 marks]
(c) [10]
Markscheme
let n = 0
π
LHS = arg(w 0 ) = arg(z 0 ) = arctan(1)(= )
4
π
RHS = arctan(1)(=
4
) so LHS = RHS R1
Note: Award R0 for not starting at n = 0 , for example by referring to the result in (b)(ii) for n = 1 . Award subsequent
marks.
assume true for n = k , (so arg(w k) = arctan(k + 1) ) M1
Note: Do not award M1 for statements such as “let n = k ” or “n = k is true”. Subsequent marks can still be awarded.
arg(w k+1 )
= arg(w k z k+1 )(= arg(w k ) + arg(z k+1 )) (M1)
= arctan(k + 1) + arctan( 2
1
) A1
(k+1) +(k+1)+1
1
(k+1)+( )
M1
2
(k+1) +(k+1)+1
= arctan( )
1
1−(k+1)( )
2
(k+1) +(k+1)+1
1
(k+1)+( )
(A1)
2
k +3k+3
= arctan( )
1
1−(k+1)( )
k 2 +3k+3
2
(k+1)(k +3k+3)+1
= arctan( 2 )
(k +3k+3)-(k+1)
3 2
= arctan(
k +4k +6k+4
2
k +2k+2
) A1
2
(k+2)(k +2k+2)
= arctan( 2
k +2k+2
) A1
= arctan(k + 2)(= arctan((k + 1) + 1)) A1
since true for n = 0 , and true for n = k + 1 if true for n , the statement is
= k
true for all n ∈ N by mathematical induction R1
Note: To obtain the final R1, four of the previous marks must have been awarded.
[10 marks]
(a.i) [2]
Markscheme
attempt to use the cosine rule (M1)
2 2
AC = √ 2 + 4 − 2(2)(4) cos α(= √ 20 − 16 cos α = 2√ 5 − 4 cos α) A1
[2 marks]
(a.ii) [1]
Markscheme
2 2
AC = √ 6 + 8 − 2(6)(8) cos β(= √ 100 − 96 cos β = 2√ 25 − 24 cos β) A1
[1 mark]
(a.iii) [1]
Markscheme
5 − 4 cos α = 25 − 24 cos β
α = arccos(6 cos β − 5) A1
[1 mark]
(b) [4]
Markscheme
attempt to find the sum of two triangle areas using A =

1
2
ab sin C (M1)
Note: Do not award this M1 if the triangle is assumed to be right angled.
Area =
1
2
(8) sin α +
1
2
(48) sin β (A1)
attempt to express the area in terms of one variable only (M1)
or OR
2
= 4√ 1 − (6 cos β − 5) + 24 sin β 4 sin(arccos(6 cos β − 5)) + 24 sin β
2
4 sin α + 24√ 1 − (
5+cos α
6
) or 4 sin α + 24 sin(arccos(
5+cos α
6
))
Max area = 19. 5959 …
= 19. 6 A1
[4 marks]
26. [Maximum mark: 6]
(a)
Markscheme
METHOD 1
u. v = cos
cos θ =
METHOD 2
[3]
∣
attempt to use scalar product or formula for angle between two vectors
cos
+ sin
√ 2√ (cos 2
1
n
+sin
n
1
sin
2
(seen anywhere)
n
)
(=
cos
1
√2
+sin
1
n
)
(A1)
A1
attempt to use an Argand diagram showing two complex numbers in the first quadrant with the angle between them
marked as θ
arg(u) =
cos θ = cos
[3 marks]
(b)
Markscheme
use of
EITHER
(cos θ →)
OR
(v →)i
THEN
1
the limit is
π
4
→ 0
π
4
1
√2
(M1)
(accept 45° or
π
4
as n
−
1
[3]
→ ∞
(A1)
A1
arctan(1)
(A1)
Note: Accept 45°. Do not accept rounded values such as 0. 785.

A1
(M1)
) and arg(v) =
1
n
(A1)
(M1)
22N.2.AHL.TZ0.7
[3 marks]
(a) [2]
Markscheme
EITHER
3 3
A = 2 π∫ 2
2x√ 1 + 2 d x (= 4√ 5 π∫ x d x) (A1)
0 0
3
= 2 π√5 [x 2
]
0
(= 2 π√5(3 2 2
− 0 )) A1
OR
h
2 2
A = 2 πm√1 + m 2
[
x
2
] (= 2 πm√1 + m 2
(
h
2
)) (A1)
0
3
2 2
= 2 π(2)√5 [ x
2
] (= 2 π(2)√5( 3
2
)) A1
0
THEN
= 18√ 5 π AG
[2 marks]
(b.i) [1]
Markscheme
r = mh A1
[1 mark]
(b.ii) [2]
Markscheme
2
l = √h + r
2
(M1)
2 2 2 2
l = √ h + h m (= h√ 1 + m ) A1
[2 marks]
(b.iii) [3]
Markscheme
A = 2 π∫ 2
mx√ 1 + m d x (A1)
0
h
= 2 πm√1 + m 2
[
1
2
x ]
2
0
(M1)
h
Note: Award (M1) for (c)πm√1 + m 2
[
1
2
x ]
2
0
.
At least one of the above two lines needs to be seen.
= πh 2
m√ 1 + m
2
(= πhm × √(h 2
+ h m ))
2 2
A1
= πrl AG
Note: Award as above if l
h
= √1 + m
2
is used, for example.
[3 marks]
(c) [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts to use the chain rule (M1)
1
−
Note: Award (M1) for .
dy 2 2 2
= (c)x(r − x )
dx
1 1
− −
A1
dy 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
= (r − x ) (−2x) (= −x(r − x ) )
dx 2
METHOD 2
attempts implicit differentiation on y 2

= r
2
− x
2
(or equivalent) (M1)
A1
dy x
= −
dx y
[2 marks]
(d) [4]
Markscheme
EITHER
attempts to substitute y and their into A (M1)

2 2 dy
= √r − x
dx
r 2
1
−
A = 2 π ∫ √ r − x √ 1 + (−x(r − x )
2 2 2 2 2
) d x
−r
= 2 π 2 2
∫ √r − x √1 +
r −x
2
x2
2
d x A1
−r
OR
attempts to substitute y and their in terms of x and y into A (M1)

dy
dx
r 2
A = 2 π ∫ y√ 1 + (−
x
y
) d x
−r
r r
A1
2
= 2 π ∫ y√ 1 +
x
y
2 d x (= 2 π 2 2
∫ √ x + y d x)
−r −r
THEN
attempts to perform valid algebraic simplification to form a definite integral in terms of r only M1
r
= 2 π ∫ r d x
−r
A1
r
= 2 πr[x] −r
(= 2 πr(r − (−r)))
= 4 πr 2
AG
r 1 2
Note: Award marks as above for A = 4 π∫ √ r 2 − x 2 √ 1 + (−x(r 2 − x 2 )

−
2
) .
d x
0
[4 marks]
(e.i) [2]
Markscheme
EITHER
horizontal stretch A1
factor 1
k
A1
OR
horizontal compression A1
factor k (invariant line y-axis) A1
Note: Award A1A1 as above for correct alternative descriptions. For example, dilation by a factor of 1
k
from the y-axis.
[2 marks]
(e.ii) [1]
Markscheme
±
r
k
A1
Note: Award A0 for k

r
only and A0 for − r
k
only.
[1 mark]
(e.iii) [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts to use the chain rule (M1)

1 1
− −
2
A1
dy 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 2 2 −k x
= (r − (kx) ) × (−k 2x) (= −k x(r − (kx) ) (= ))
dx 2 √ r 2 −k 2 x 2
METHOD 2
attempts implicit differentiation on y 2

= r
2 2
− k x
2
(or equivalent) (M1)
2
dy k x
= −
dx y
A1
dy −k x
=
dx √ r 2 −k 2 x 2
[2 marks]
(e.iv) [4]
Markscheme
EITHER
r
A = 2 π 2 2 2
∫ √r − k x √1 + 2
k4 x2
r −k x
2 2
d x (A1)
r
−
k
Note: Award (A1) for the correct substitution of y and .

dy
dx
attempts to simplify to find p(x), eg. forming a common denominator of r 2 2

− k x
2
and then cancelling r 2 2
− k x
2
(M1)
OR
r r
k 2 k
2 4 2
A = 2 π ∫ y√ 1 + (−
k x
y
) d x (= 2 π ∫ y√ 1 +
k x
y2
d x) (A1)
r r
− −
k k
Note: Award (A1) for the correct substitution of .

dy
dx
attempts to simplify to find p(x), eg. forming a common denominator of y and cancelling y 2 2
(M1)
THEN
r r
k k
= 2 π 2 2 2 4 2
∫ √ r − k x + k x d x (= 2 π 2 4 2 2
∫ √ r + (k − k )x d x) A1A1
r r
− −
k k
Note: Award A1 for correct limits (seen anywhere) and A1 for p(x) correct.The above A1 for correct limits is independent
of the (M1).
[4 marks]
(e.v) [4]
Markscheme
r = 6378 (km) (A1)
k = 1. 00330 … (=
6378
6357
=
2126
2119
) (A1)
attempts to form a definite integral for surface area (M1)
6357
2 4
= 2 π ∫ √ 6378 2 − ( 6378
6357
) x
2
+ (
6378
6357
) x
2
d x
−6357
= 510064226. 3 …
= 5. 101 × 10
8 2
(km ) A1
Note: Award A0A1FT(M1)A0 for using r = 6357 (km) and k = 0. 996707 … leading to an answer of
5. 089 × 10
8 2
(km ) .
[4 marks]
(a) [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to eliminate a variable M1
obtain a pair of equations in two variables
EITHER
−3x + z = −3 and A1
−3x + z = 44 A1
OR
−5x + y = −7 and A1
−5x + y = 40 A1
OR
3x − z = 3 and A1
3x − z = −
79
5
A1
THEN
the two lines are parallel (−3 ≠ 44 or −7 ≠ 40 or 3 ≠ −

79
5
) R1
Note: There are other possible pairs of equations in two variables.

To obtain the final R1, at least the initial M1 must have been awarded.
hence the three planes do not intersect AG
METHOD 2
−1
⎛ ⎞
vector product of the two normals = −5 (or equivalent) A1

⎝ ⎠
−3
1 1
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
r = −2 + λ 5 (or equivalent) A1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
0 3
Note: Award A0 if “r = ” is missing. Subsequent marks may still be awarded.
Attempt to substitute (1 + λ, −2 + 5λ, 3λ) in ∏ 3

M1
−9(1 + λ) + 3(−2 + 5λ) − 2(3λ) = 32
−15 = 32 , a contradiction R1
METHOD 3
attempt to eliminate a variable M1
−3y + 5z = 6 A1
−3y + 5z = 100 A1
0 = 94 , a contradiction R1
Note: Accept other equivalent alternatives. Accept other valid methods.

To obtain the final R1, at least the initial M1 must have been awarded.
[4 marks]
(b.i) [1]
Markscheme
∏
1
: 2 + 2 + 0 = 4 and ∏
2
: 1 + 4 + 0 = 5 A1
[1 mark]
(b.ii) [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to find the vector product of the two normals M1

(c)
⎜⎟
⎛
r =
2
−1
⎝
−1
−3
⎞
⎝
⎞
−5
3x − z = 3
Let x
r =
[4 marks]
−2
= t
×
substituting x
z = −3 + 3t
Markscheme
METHOD 1
−7
−3
⎠
0
⎛
⎞
1
−2
A1
+ λ
OR
= t
and
+ λ
⎞
⎝
1
3
⎞
Note: Award A1A0 if “r =” is missing.
3y − 5z = −6
⎝
in 3x − z
A1A1
Accept any multiple of the direction vector.

Working for (b)(ii) may be seen in part (a) Method 2. In this case penalize lack of “r
METHOD 2
attempt to eliminate a variable from ∏ and ∏
y = 5t − 7
[6]
1
3
⎞
Note: Award A1A0 if “r =” is missing.

= 3
A1A1
OR
1
5x − y = 7
to obtain
2
M1
(for all three variables in parametric form) A1

= ” only once.
Accept any multiple of the direction vector. Accept other position vectors which satisfy both the planes ∏ and ∏ .
the line connecting L and ∏ is given by L

3 1
attempt to substitute position and direction vector to form L 1 (M1)

1 2
⎜∣⎟ ⎜⎟
s =
=
⎝
√ 94
METHOD 2
⎛
2
−2
1
−2
0
⎞
⎠
+
+ t
substitute (1 − 9t, −2 + 3t, −2t) in ∏
−9(1 − 9t) + 3(−2 + 3t) − 2(−2t) = 32
94t = 47 ⇒ t =
⎛
1
⎞
A1
1
2
⎛
⎝
−9
−2
−9
−2
unit normal vector equation of ∏ is given by
=
√ 94
2
x
32
⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎠ ⎝
√ 81+9+4
√ 94
47
[6 marks]
⎞
(=
⋅
z
⎛ ⎞
⎠
A1
⎞
⎠
1
2
3
let ∏ be the plane parallel to ∏ and passing through P,

4
then the normal vector equation of ∏ is given by
−9 x
z
⎠
=
unit normal vector equation of ∏ is given by
−9
distance between the planes is
√ 94
2
−15
√ 94
)
⎛
⎝
−9
⎞
A1
A1
attempt to find distance between (1, −2, 0) and their point (−
A1
⎛
⋅
A1
⎝
1
−2
√ 94
3
0
⎞
−2
32
⎞
−
=
4
3
= −15
1
−15
√ 94
M1
√ (−9)
⎝
−9
2
2
√ 81+9+4
(M1)
⎞ ⎛
⎠ ⎝
M1
+ 3
⋅
x
z
2
⎠
7
+ (−2)
(M1)
,−
2
1
2
, −1) (M1)
(a) [3]
Markscheme
2
z 1 z 2 = (1 + bi)((1 − b ) − (2b)i)
= (1 − b
2 2 2
− 2i b ) + i(−2b + b − b )
3
M1
2
= (1 + b ) + i(−b − b )
3
A1A1
Note: Award A1 for 1 + b and A1 for −bi − b i.

2 3
[3 marks]
(b) [3]
Markscheme
3
π
arg(z 1 z 2 ) = arctan(
−b−b
1+b
2
) =
4
(M1)
EITHER
π
arctan(−b) =
4
(since 1 + b 2
≠ 0 , for b ∈ R ) A1
OR
−b − b
3
= 1 + b
2
(or equivalent) A1
THEN
b = −1 A1
[3 marks]
[6]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
u = sec x ⇒d u = sec x tan x d x (A1)
attempts to express the integral in terms of u M1
2
∫
1
u
n−1
d u A1
π
A1
1 n 2 1 n 3
= [u ] (= [sec x] )
n 1 n 0
Note: Condone the absence of or incorrect limits up to this point.
n n
=
2 −1
n
M1
n
=
2
n
−1
A1
Note: Award M1 for correct substitution of their limits for u into their antiderivative for u (or given limits for x into their
antiderivative for x).
METHOD 2
∫ sec
n
x tan x d x = ∫ sec
n−1
x sec x tan x d x (A1)
applies integration by inspection (M1)

π
=
1
n
[sec
n
x]
3
0
A2
Note: Award A2 if the limits are not stated.
π
=
1
n
(sec
n
3
− sec
n
0) M1
Note: Award M1 for correct substitution into their antiderivative.
=
2
n
−1
A1
[6 marks]
(a) [6]
Markscheme
y -intercept (0, − 1
3
) A1
Note: Accept an indication of − 1

3
on the y-axis.
vertical asymptotes x = −1 and x = 3 A1
horizontal asymptote y = 0 A1
uses a valid method to find the x-coordinate of the local maximum point (M1)
Note: For example, uses the axis of symmetry or attempts to solve f ′(x) = 0 .
local maximum point (1, − 1
4
) A1
Note: Award (M1)A0 for a local maximum point at x = 1 and coordinates not given.
three correct branches with correct asymptotic behaviour and the key features in approximately correct relative
positions to each other A1
[6 marks]
(b.i) [6]
Markscheme
x = 2
1
y −2y−3
M1
Note: Award M1 for interchanging x and y (this can be done at a later stage).
EITHER
attempts to complete the square M1
y
2
− 2y − 3 = (y − 1)
2
− 4 A1
1
x = 2
(y−1) −4
A1
2 1 2 1
(y − 1) − 4 = ((y − 1) = 4 + )
x x
1 4x+1
y − 1 = ±√ 4 + (= ±√ )
x x
OR
attempts to solve xy 2
− 2xy − 3x − 1 = 0 for y M1
2
−(−2x)±√ (−2x) +4x(3x+1)
y =
2x
A1
Note: Award A1 even if − (in ±) is missing
=
2x±√ 16x 2 +4x
2x
A1
THEN
A1
√ 4x 2 +x
= 1 ±
x
and hence y is rejected R1

√ 4x 2 +x
y > 3 = 1 −
x
Note: Award R1 for concluding that the expression for y must have the ‘+’ sign.
The R1 may be awarded earlier for using the condition x > 3.
√ 4x 2 +x
y = 1 +
x
AG
−1 √ 4x 2 +x
g (x) = 1 +
x
[6 marks]
(b.ii) [1]
Markscheme
domain of g −1
is x > 0 A1
[1 mark]
(c) [7]
Markscheme
attempts to find (h ∘ g)(a) (M1)
(A1)
g(a) 1
(h ∘ g)(a) = arctan( ) ((h ∘ g)(a) = arctan( 2
))
2 2(a −2a−3)
g(a) π 1 π
arctan( )= (arctan( )= )
2 4 2(a 2 −2a−3) 4
attempts to solve for g(a) M1
1
⇒ g(a) = 2 ( 2
= 2)
(a −2a−3)
EITHER
⇒ a = g
−1
(2) A1
attempts to find their g −1

(2) M1
2
√ 4(2) +2
a = 1 +
2
A1
Note: Award all available marks to this stage if x is used instead of a.
OR
⇒ 2a
2
− 4a − 7 = 0 A1
attempts to solve their quadratic equation M1
2
−(−4)±√ (−4) +4(2)(7)
a =
4
(=
4±√ 72
4
) A1
Note: Award all available marks to this stage if x is used instead of a.

THEN
a = 1 +
3
2
√2 (as a > 3 ) A1
(p = 1, q = 3, r = 2)
Note: Award A1 for a = 1 +

1
2
√ 18 (p = 1, q = 1, r = 18)
[7 marks]
(a) [2]
Markscheme
(as lim x 2
= 0 , the indeterminate form 0
0
is required for the limit to exist)
x→0
⇒ lim (arctan(cos x) − k) = 0 M1
x→0
arctan 1 − k = 0 (k = arctan 1) A1
π
so k =
4
AG
π
Note: Award M1A0 for using k =
4
to show the limit is 0
0
.
[2 marks]
(b) [6]
Markscheme
π
arctan(cos x)−
4 0
lim 2 (= )
x 0
x→0
− sin x
= lim
1+cos 2 x
2x
A1A1
x→0
Note: Award A1 for a correct numerator and A1 for a correct denominator.
recognises to apply l’Hôpital’s rule again (M1)

− sin x
2 0
1+cos x
= lim (= )
2x 0
x→0
Note: Award M0 if their limit is not the indeterminate form 0
0
.
EITHER
2 2
− cos x(1+cos x)−2 sin x cos x
2
2
(1+cos x)
= lim
2
A1A1
x→0
Note: Award A1 for a correct first term in the numerator and A1 for a correct second term in the numerator.
OR
lim
− cos x
2(1+cos 2 x)−4x sin x cos x

A1A1
x→0
Note: Award A1 for a correct numerator and A1 for a correct denominator.
THEN
substitutes x = 0 into the correct expression to evaluate the limit A1
Note: The final A1 is dependent on all previous marks.
= −
1
4
AG
[6 marks]
(a) [2]
Markscheme
let ϕ be the required angle (bearing)
EITHER
ϕ = 90°−arctan
1
2
(= arctan 2) (M1)
Note: Award M1 for a labelled sketch.
OR
0 4
( )⋅( )
(M1)
1 2 1
cos ϕ = (= 0. 4472 … , = )
√ 1×√ 20 √5
ϕ = arccos(0. 4472 …)
THEN
063° A1
Note: Do not accept 063. 6° or 63. 4° or 1. 10 . c
[2 marks]
(b) [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
let |b A| be the speed of A and let |b B| be the speed of B
attempts to find the speed of one of A or B (M1)
or
2 2
|b A | = √ (−6) |b B | = √ 4 + 2 + (−2)
2 2 2 2
+ 2 + 4
Note: Award M0 for |b and |b .

2 2 2
= √ 19 + (−1) = √ 1 + 0 + 12
2 2 2
A| + 1 B|
|b A | = 7. 48 … (= √ 56) (km min-1) and |b B| = 4. 89 … (= √ 24) (km min-1) A1
|b A | > |b B | so A travels at a greater speed than B AG

METHOD 2
attempts to use speed =

distance
time
|r A (t 2 )−r A (t 1 )| |r B (t 2 )−r B (t 1 )|
speed A =
t 2 −t 1
and speed B =
t 2 −t 1
(M1)
for example:
|r A (1)−r A (0)| |r B (1)−r B (0)|

speed A =
1
and speed B
=
1
√ (−6) 2 +2 2 +4 2
and speed
√ 4 2 +2 2 +2 2
speed A = B
=
1 1
speed A = 7. 48 … (2√ 14) and speed B

= 4. 89 … (√ 24) A1
speed A > speed B so A travels at a greater speed than B AG
[2 marks]
(c) [4]
Markscheme
attempts to use the angle between two direction vectors formula (M1)
(−6)(4)+(2)(2)+(4)(−2)
cos θ = (A1)
2 2
√ (−6) +2 2 +4 2 √ 4 2 +2 2 +(−2)
cos θ = −0. 7637 … (= −

√ 84
7
) or θ = arccos(−0. 7637 …) (= 2. 4399 …)
attempts to find the acute angle 180°−θ using their value of θ (M1)
= 40. 2° A1
[4 marks]
(d.i) [5]
Markscheme
for example, sets r A (t 1 ) = r B (t 2 ) and forms at least two equations (M1)
19 − 6t 1 = 1 + 4t 2
−1 + 2t 1 = 2t 2
1 + 4t 1 = 12 − 2t 2
−→
7
EITHER
t1 = 2
OR
t1 = 2
THEN
⎛ ⎞
(e)
or
or
Note: Accept OP
[5 marks]
(d.ii)
Markscheme
t2 =
t2 =
3
3
2
attempts to find the value of t
t1 − t2 = 2 −
0. 5
[2 marks]
Markscheme
EITHER
attempts to find r
3
2
minutes (30 seconds)
B
=
[2]
[5]
⎜⎟
Note: Award M0 for equations involving t only.
attempts to solve the system of equations for one of t or t
− rA
A1
attempts to solve the system of equations for t and t
A1
substitutes their t or t value into the corresponding r or r
P(7, 3, 9) A1
1 2
⎝ ⎠
9
1
1
A
2
(M1)
B
(M1)
(M1)
. Accept 7 km east of O, 3 km north of O and 9 km above sea level.
A1
− t2
(M1)
(M1)
rB − rA =
THEN
⎜⎟
⎛
⎝
−18
−11
⎞
11
D(t) = √ (10t − 18)
OR
attempts to find r
rA − rB =
⎛
18
−1
⎠
A
⎠
attempts to find their D(t)
− rB
attempts to find their D(t)
D(t) = √ (18 − 10t)

+ t
+ t
2
⎛
⎝
10
−6
+ (−1)
⎠
−10
⎞
(M1)
+ 1 + (11 − 6t)
(M1)
(M1)
2
2
+ (−11 + 6t)
A1
Note: Award M0M0A0 for expressions using two different time parameters.
2
A1
either attempts to find the local minimum point of D(t) or attempts to find the value of t such that D′(t)
equivalent)
t = 1. 8088 … (=
D(t) = 1. 01459 …
(M1)
123
68
)
minimum value of D(t) is 1. 01 (=

√ 1190
34
) (km)
Note: Award M0 for attempts at the shortest distance between two lines.
[5 marks]
A1
= 0 (or
(a.i) [1]
Markscheme
32 (cm) A1
[1 mark]
(a.ii) [2]
Markscheme
h A (0) = sin(6) + 27 (M1)
= 26. 7205 …
= 26. 7 (cm) A1
[2 marks]
(b) [3]
Markscheme
attempts to solve h A (t) = h B (t) for t (M1)
t = 4. 0074 … , 4. 7034 … , 5. 88332 …
t = 4. 01, 4. 70, 5. 88 (weeks) A2
[3 marks]
(c) [3]
Markscheme
h A (t) − h B (t) = sin(2t + 6) + t − 5 A1
EITHER
for t > 6, t − 5 > 1 A1
and as sin(2t + 6) ≥ −1 ⇒ h A (t) − h B (t) > 0 R1
OR
the minimum value of sin(2t + 6) = −1 R1
so for t > 6, h A (t) − h B (t) = t − 6 > 0 A1
THEN
hence for t > 6 , Plant A was always taller than Plant B AG
[3 marks]
(d) [6]
Markscheme
recognises that h A ′(t) and h B ′(t) are required (M1)
attempts to solve h A ′(t) = h B ′(t) for t (M1)
t = 1. 18879 … and 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … and 5. 37758 … OR 7. 47197 … and 8. 51917 … (A1)
π π π π π π
Note: Award full marks for t .
4 5 7 8 10 11
= − 3, − 3, ( − 3, − 3 − 3, − 3)
3 3 3 3 3 3
Award subsequent marks for correct use of these exact values.
1. 18879 … < t < 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … < t < 5. 37758 … OR 7. 47197 … < t < 8. 51917 … (A1)
attempts to calculate the total amount of time (M1)
π
5 π
4
3(2. 2359 … − 1. 1887 …) (= 3(( − 3) − ( − 3)))
3 3
= 3. 14 (= π) (weeks) A1
[6 marks]
(a) [1]
Markscheme
π π
OR A1
2 2
12 = b =
b 12
π
b =
6
AG
[1 mark]
(b) [2]
Markscheme
a =
6.8−2.2
2
OR a =
max−min
2
(M1)
= 2. 3 (m) A1
[2 marks]
(c) [2]
Markscheme
d =
6.8+2.2
2
OR d =
max+min
2
(M1)
= 4. 5 (m) A1
[2 marks]
(d) [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
substituting t = 4. 5 and H = 6. 8 for example into their equation for H (A1)
π
6. 8 = 2. 3 sin( (4. 5 − c)) + 4. 5
6
attempt to solve their equation (M1)
c = 1. 5 A1
METHOD 2
using horizontal translation of 12
4
(M1)
4. 5 − c = 3 (A1)
c = 1. 5 A1
METHOD 3
π π
H ′(t) = (2. 3)(
6
) cos(
6
(t − c)) (A1)
attempts to solve their H ′(4. 5) = 0 for c (M1)
π π
(2. 3)( ) cos( (4. 5 − c)) = 0
6 6
c = 1. 5 A1
[3 marks]
(e) [2]
Markscheme
attempt to find H when t = 12 or t = 0 , graphically or algebraically (M1)
H = 2. 87365 …
H = 2. 87 (m) A1
[2 marks]
(f ) [3]
Markscheme
π
attempt to solve 5 = 2. 3 sin(
6
(t − 1. 5)) + 4. 5 (M1)
times are t = 1. 91852 … and t = 7. 08147 … , (t = 13. 9185 … , t = 19. 0814 …) (A1)
total time is 2 × (7. 081 … − 1. 919 …)
10. 3258 …
= 10. 3 (hours) A1
Note: Accept 10.

[3 marks]
(g) [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
substitutes t =
11
3
and H = 6. 8 into their equation for H and attempts to solve for c (M1)
π 11 2
6. 8 = 2. 3 sin( ( − c)) + 4. 5 ⇒ c =
6 3 3
π
H (t) = 2. 3 sin(
6
(t −
2
3
)) + 4. 5 A1
METHOD 2
uses their horizontal translation ( 12
4
= 3) (M1)
11 2
− c = 3 ⇒ c =
3 3
π
H (t) = 2. 3 sin(
6
(t −
2
3
)) + 4. 5 A1
[2 marks]
(a) [2]
Markscheme
recognises that ∫ arccos x d x = 0. 5 (M1)

0
2
m arccos m − √ 1 − m − (0 − √ 1) = 0. 5
m = 0. 360034 …
m = 0. 360 A1
[2 marks]
(b) [4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts to find at least one endpoint (limit) both in terms of m (or their m) and a (M1)
P(m − a ≤ X ≤ m + a) = 0. 3
0.360034…+a
∫ arccos x d x = 0. 3 (A1)
0.360034…−a
m+a
Note: Award (A1) for ∫ arccos x d x = 0. 3 .

m−a
0.360034…+a
2
[x arccos x − √ 1 − x ]
0.360034…−a
attempts to solve their equation for a (M1)
Note: The above (M1) is dependent on the first (M1).
a = 0. 124861 …
a = 0. 125 A1
METHOD 2
a
∫ arccos x − 0. 360034 … d x (= 0. 3) (M1)(A1)

−a
Note: Only award (M1) if at least one limit has been translated correctly.
a
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for ∫ arccos x − m d x (= 0. 3) .

−a
a = 0. 124861 …
a = 0. 125 A1
METHOD 3
EITHER
∫ arccos (x + 0. 360034 …) d x (= 0. 3) (M1)(A1)

−a
a
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for ∫ arccos (x + m) d x (= 0. 3) .

−a
OR
2(0.360034…)+a
∫ arccos (x − 0. 360034 …) d x (= 0. 3) (M1)(A1)

2(0.360034…)−a
2m+a
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for ∫ arccos (x − m) d x (= 0. 3) .

2m−a
THEN
Note: The above (M1) is dependent on the first (M1).
a = 0. 124861 …
a = 0. 125 A1
[4 marks]
[4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to use a right angled triangle M1
correct placement of all three values and θ seen in the triangle (A1)
cot θ < 0 (since cosec θ > 0 puts θ in the second quadrant) R1
A1
√5
cot θ = −
2
Note: Award M1A1R0A0 for cot θ seen as the final answer

√5
=
2
The R1 should be awarded independently for a negative value only given as a final answer.
METHOD 2
Attempt to use 1 + cot 2

θ = cosec
2
θ M1
2 9
1 + cot θ =
4
cot
2
θ =
5
4
(A1)
√5
cot θ = ±
2
cot θ < 0 (since cosec θ > 0 puts θ in the second quadrant) R1
√5
cot θ = −
2
A1
Note: Award M1A1R0A0 for cot θ = seen as the final answer

√5
METHOD 3
2
sin θ =
3
attempt to use sin 2

θ + cos
2
θ = 1 M1
4 2
+ cos θ = 1
9
cos
2
θ =
5
9
(A1)
√5
cos θ = ±
3
cos θ < 0 (since cosec θ > 0 puts θ in the second quadrant) R1
√5
cos θ = −
3
A1
√5
cot θ = −
2
Note: Award M1A1R0A0 for cot θ = seen as the final answer

√5
[4 marks]
(a) [3]
Markscheme
attempt to use the chain rule M1

1
A1
1 −
f ′(x) = (1 + x) 2
A1
1 −
f ′′(x) = − (1 + x) 2
= −
1
AG
3
4√ (1+x)
Note: Award M1A0A0 for f ′(x) =

1
√ 1+x
or equivalent seen
[3 marks]
(b) [9]
Markscheme
let n = 2
1
1
R1
′′ 1 1 1! −2
2
f (x) = (− =)(− ) (1 + x)
3
4 0!
4√ (1+x)
Note: Award R0 for not starting at n = 2 . Award subsequent marks as appropriate.
1
k−1 (2k−3)!
assume true for n , (so f ) M1
(k) 1 −k
= k (x) = (− ) (1 + x) 2
4 (k−2)!
Note: Do not award M1 for statements such as “let n = k ” or “n = k is true”. Subsequent marks can still be awarded.
consider n = k + 1
(k)
d(f (x))
LHS = f
(k+1)
(x) =
dx
M1
1
k−1 (2k−3)!
(or equivalent) A1
1 1 −k−1
= (− ) ( − k)(1 + x) 2
4 (k−2)! 2
EITHER
1
k (2k−1)!
(or equivalent) A1
(k+1) 1 −k−1
RHS = f (x) = (− ) (1 + x) 2
4 (k−1)!
1
k (2k−1)(2k−2)(2k−3)!
A1
1 −k−1
= (− ) (1 + x) 2
4 (k−1)(k−2)!
Note: Award A1 for

(2k−1)! (2k−1)(2k−2)(2k−3)! 2(2k−1)(2k−3)!
= (= )
(k−1)! (k−1)(k−2)! (k−2)!
1
k−1 (2k−1)(2k−2)(2k−3)!
A1
1 1 −k−1
2
= (− )(− ) (1 + x)
4 4 (k−1)(k−2)!
1
1 1 k−1 (2k−1)(2k−3)! −k−1
(= (− )(− ) (1 + x) 2
)
2 4 (k−2)!
Note: Award A1 for leading coefficient of − . 1
1
k−1 (2k−3)!
A1
1 1 −k−1
= ( − k)(− ) (1 + x) 2
2 4 (k−2)!
OR
Note: The following A marks can be awarded in any order.
1
1 k−1 (2k−3)! 1−2k −k−1
= (− ) ( )(1 + x) 2
4 (k−2)! 2
1
k−1 (2k−1)(2k−3)!
A1
1 1 −k−1
= (− )(− ) (1 + x) 2
2 4 (k−2)!
Note: Award A1 for isolating (2k − 1) correctly.
1
k−1
A1
1 1 (2k−1)! −k−1
= (− )(− ) (1 + x) 2
2 4 (2k−2)(k−2)!
Note: Award A1 for multiplying top and bottom by (k − 1) or 2(k − 1).
1
k−1 (2k−1)!
A1
1 1 −k−1
2
= (− )(− ) (1 + x)
4 4 (k−1)(k−2)!
Note: Award A1 for leading coefficient of − . 1
4
1
k (2k−1)!
A1
1 −k−1
= (− ) (1 + x) 2
4 (k−1)!
1
1 (k+1)−1 (2(k+1)−3)! −(k+1)
2
= (− ) (1 + x) = RHS
4 ((k+1)−2)!
THEN
since true for n = 2, and true for n = k + 1 if true for n = k , the statement is true for all, n ∈ Z, n ≥ 2 by
mathematical induction R1
Note: To obtain the final R1, at least four of the previous marks must have been awarded.
[9 marks]
(c) [8]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
mx
h(x) = √ 1 + x e
using product rule to find h′(x) (M1)
h′(x) = √ 1 + x me
mx
+
1
e
mx
A1
2√ 1+x
h′′(x) = m(√ 1 + x me
mx
+
1
e
mx
) +
1
me
mx
−
1
e
mx
A1
2√ 1+x 2√ 1+x 3
4√ (1+x)
substituting x = 0 into h′′(x) M1
h′′(0) = m
2
+
1
2
m +
1
2
m −
1
4
(= m
2
+ m −
1
4
) A1
2
x
h(x) = h(0) + xh′(0) + h′′(0) + …
2!
equating x coefficient to
2 7
4
M1
h′′(0) 7 7
= (⇒ h′′(0) = )
2! 4 2
4m
2
+ 4m − 15 = 0 A1
(2m + 5)(2m − 3) = 0
m = −
5
2
or m =
3
2
A1
METHOD 2
EITHER
attempt to find f (0), f ′(0), f ′′(0) (M1)
1
f (x) = (1 + x) 2
f (0) = 1
1
1 − 1
f ′(x) = (1 + x) 2
f ′(0) =
2 2
3
1 − 1
f ′′(x) = − (1 + x) 2
f ′′(0) = −
4 4
f (x) = 1 +
1
2
x −
1
8
x
2
+ … A1
OR
attempt to apply binomial theorem for rational exponents (M1)

1 1 1
1 ( )(− )
2 2 2
f (x) = (1 + x) 2
= 1 + x + x …
2 2!
f (x) = 1 +
1
2
x −
1
8
x
2
+ … A1
THEN
2
g(x) = 1 + mx +
m
2
x
2
+ … (A1)
h(x) = (1 +
1
2
x −
1
8
x
2
+ …)(1 + mx +
m
2
x
2
+ …) (M1)
coefficient of x is 2 m
2
+
m
2
−
1
8
A1
attempt to set equal to 7
4
and solve M1
2
m m 1 7
+ − =
2 2 8 4
4m
2
+ 4m − 15 = 0 A1
(2m + 5)(2m − 3) = 0
m = −
5
2
or m =
3
2
A1
METHOD 3
g′(x) = me
mx
and g′′(x) = m e
2 mx
(A1)
2
x
h(x) = h(0) + xh′(0) + h′′(0) + …
2!
equating x coefficient to2 7
4
M1
h′′(0) 7 7
= (⇒ h′′(0) = )
2! 4 2
using product rule to find h′(x) and h′′(x) (M1)
h′(x) = f (x)g′(x) + f ′(x)g(x)
h′′(x) = f (x)g′′(x) + 2f ′(x)g′(x) + f ′′(x)g(x) A1

substituting x = 0 into h′′(x) M1
h′′(0) = f (0)g′′(0) + 2g′(0)f ′(0) + g(0)f ′′(0)
= 1 × m
2
+ 2m ×
1
2
+ 1 × (−
1
4
) (= m
2
+ m −
1
4
) A1
4m
2
+ 4m − 15 = 0 A1
(2m + 5)(2m − 3) = 0
m = −
5
2
or m =
3
2
A1
[8 marks]

[7]
Markscheme
attempt to use cos 2

x = 1 − sin
2
x M1
2 sin
2
x − 5 sin x + 2 = 0 A1
EITHER
attempting to factorise M1
(2 sin x − 1)(sin x − 2) A1
OR
attempting to use the quadratic formula M1
sin x =
5±√ 5 2 −4×2×2
4
(=
5±3
4
) A1
THEN
sin x =
1
2
(A1)
π π
A1A1
5
x = ,
6 6
[7 marks]
(a) [3]
Markscheme
EITHER
horizontal stretch/scaling with scale factor 1
Note: Do not allow ‘shrink’ or ‘compression’
followed by a horizontal translation/shift 1

2
units to the left A2
Note: Do not allow ‘move’
OR
horizontal translation/shift 1 unit to the left
followed by horizontal stretch/scaling with scale factor 1
2
A2
THEN
0
π
vertical translation/shift up by 4
(or translation through ( π ) A1
4
(may be seen anywhere)
[3 marks]
(b) [4]
Markscheme
let α = arctan p and β = arctan q M1
p = tan α and q = tan β (A1)
tan(α + β) =
p+q
1−pq
A1
A1
p+q
α + β = arctan( )
1−pq
so arctan p + arctan q where p, and pq . AG

p+q
≡ arctan( ) q > 0 < 1
1−pq
[4 marks]
(c) [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
π
4
= arctan 1 (or equivalent) A1
x
+1
arctan(
x
x+1
) + arctan 1 = arctan(
1−
x+1
x
(1)
) A1
x+1
x+x+1
= arctan(
x+1
x+1−x
) A1
x+1
= arctan(2x + 1) AG
METHOD 2
π
tan
4
= 1 (or equivalent) A1
π
Consider arctan(2x + 1) − arctan( x
x+1
) =
4
x
tan(arctan(2x + 1) − arctan( ))
x+1
x
2x+1−
= arctan( x(2x+1)
x+1
) A1
1+
x+1
A1
(2x+1)(x+1)−x
= arctan( )
x+1+x(2x+1)
= arctan 1 AG
METHOD 3
x π
tan (arctan(2x + 1))= tan (arctan( )+ )
x+1 4
π
tan
4
= 1 (or equivalent) A1
LHS = 2x + 1 A1
x
+1
RHS =
x+1
1−
x (= 2x + 1) A1
x+1
[3 marks]
(d) [9]
Markscheme
let P(n) be the proposition that Σ arctan(

1
2r
2 ) = arctan(
n
n+1
) for n ∈ Z
+
r=1
consider P(1)
1
when n = 1, Σ arctan(
1
2r
2
) = arctan(
1
2
) = RHS and so P(1) is true R1
r=1
assume P(k) is true, ie. Σ arctan(

2r
1
2
) = arctan(
k+1
k
) (k ∈ Z
+
) M1
r=1
Note: Award M0 for statements such as “let n = k”.

Note: Subsequent marks after this M1 are independent of this mark and can be awarded.
consider P(k + 1):
k+1 k
Σ arctan(
1
2r 2
) = Σ arctan(
1
2r 2
) + arctan(
1
2
) (M1)
r=1 r=1 2(k+1)
= arctan(
k
k+1
) + arctan(
1
2
) A1
2(k+1)
k 1
+
2
M1
k+1 2(k+1)
= arctan( )
k 1
1−( )( )
k+1 2
2(k+1)
2
(k+1)(2k +2k+1)
= arctan( 3
) A1
2(k+1) −k
Note: Award A1 for correct numerator, with (k + 1) factored. Denominator does not need to be simplified
2
(k+1)(2k +2k+1)
= arctan( 3
2k +6k +5k+2
2
) A1
Note: Award A1 for denominator correctly expanded. Numerator does not need to be simplified. These two A marks may
be awarded in any order
2
(k+1)(2k +2k+1)
= arctan(
(k+2)(2k +2k+1)
2 ) = arctan(
k+1
k+2
) A1
Note: The word ‘arctan’ must be present to be able to award the last three A marks
P(k + 1) is true whenever P(k) is true and P(1) is true, so
P(n) is true for for n ∈ Z

+
R1
Note: Award the final R1 mark provided at least four of the previous marks have been awarded.
Note: To award the final R1, the truth of P(k) must be mentioned. ‘P(k) implies P(k + 1)’ is insufficient to award the
mark.
[9 marks]
(a) [1]
Markscheme
OR A1
50 y−x
tan θ = cot θ =
y−x 50
y = x + 50 cot θ AG
Note: y − x may be identified as a length on a diagram, and not written explicitly.
[1 mark]
(b) [6]
Markscheme
attempt to differentiate with respect to t (M1)
A1
dy dx 2 dθ
= − 50(cosec θ)
dt dt dt
attempt to set speed of B equal to double the speed of A (M1)
dx dx 2 dθ
2 = − 50(cosec θ)
dt dt dt
A1
dx 2 dθ
= −50(cosec θ)
dt dt
2
θ = arctan 5(= 1. 373 … = 78. 69 …°) OR cosec
2
θ = 1 + cot
2
θ = 1 + (
1
5
) =
26
25
(A1)
Note: This A1 can be awarded independently of previous marks.
dx 26
= −50( ) × −0. 1
dt 25
So the speed of boat A is 5. 2 (ms −1

) A1
Note: Accept 5. 20 from the use of inexact values.
[6 marks]
(a) [1]
Markscheme
EITHER
2
2
R1
(−x) −1 x −1
f (−x) = arcsin( 2
) = arcsin( ) = f (x)
(−x) +1 x 2 +1
OR
a sketch graph of y = f (x) with line symmetry in the y-axis indicated R1
THEN
so f (x) is an even function. AG
[1 mark]
(b) [2]
Markscheme
π
as x → ±∞, f (x) → arcsin 1(→
2
) A1
π
so the horizontal asymptote is y =
2
A1
[2 marks]
(c.i) [6]
Markscheme
attempting to use the quotient rule to find d
dx
(
x −1
x +1
2
) M1
2 2
2 2x(x +1)−2x(x −1)
dx
d
(
x −1
x 2 +1
) =
2 2
(=
4x
2 2
) A1
(x +1) (x +1)
attempting to use the chain rule to find d
dx
(arcsin(
x −1
x 2 +1
)) M1
let u and so y and

x −1 dy 1
= = arcsin u =
x 2 +1 du √ 1−u 2
f ′(x) =
1
×
4x
2
M1
2 2 (x 2 +1)
x −1
√ 1−( )
2
x +1
=
4x
× 2
1
(x +1)
A1
2 2
√ (x 2 +1) −(x 2 −1)
=
4x
√ 4x 2
× 2
(x +1)
1
A1
=
2x
√ x 2 (x 2 +1)
AG
[6 marks]
(c.ii) [3]
Markscheme
2x
f ′(x) = 2
|x|(x +1)
EITHER
for x < 0, |x| = −x (A1)
so f ′(x) = −
2x
x 2 +1
A1
OR
|x| > 0 and x 2

+ 1 > 0 A1
2x < 0, x < 0 A1
THEN
f ′(x) < 0 R1
Note: Award R1 for stating that in f ′(x), the numerator is negative, and the denominator is positive.
so f is decreasing for x < 0 AG
Note: Do not accept a graphical solution
[3 marks]
(d) [5]
Markscheme
M1
y −1
x = arcsin( 2 )
y +1
A1
y −1 2 2
sin x = ⇒ y sin x + sin x = y − 1
y 2 +1
y
2
=
1+sin x
1−sin x
A1
domain of g is x ∈ R, x ≥ 0 and so the range of g −1

must be y ∈ R, y ≥ 0
hence the positive root is taken (or the negative root is rejected) R1
Note: The R1 is dependent on the above A1.
so (g −1
(x) =)√
1+sin x
1−sin x
A1
Note: The final A1 is not dependent on R1 mark.
[5 marks]
(e) [1]
Markscheme
π π
domain is − 2
≤ x <
2
A1
π π π π
Note: Accept correct alternative notations, for example, ⌊− 2
,
2
⌊ or ⌊− 2
,
2
) .
Accept [−1. 57, 1. 57[ if correct to 3 s.f.
[1 mark]
(f ) [3]
Markscheme
A1A1A1
Note: A1 for correct domain and correct range and y-intercept at y = 1
π
A1 for asymptotic behaviour x →
2
π
A1 for x =
2
Coordinates are not required.

Do not accept x = 1. 57 or other inexact values.
[3 marks]
(a) [3]
Markscheme
A = s
2
and P = 4s (A1)
A = P ⇒ s
2
= 4s (M1)
s(s − 4) = 0
⇒ s = 4(s > 0) A1
Note: Award A1M1A0 if both s = 4 and s = 0 are stated as final answers.
[3 marks]
(b) [1]
Markscheme
π
A1
1 2 2
AT = x sin
2 n
Note: Award A1 for a correct alternative form expressed in terms of x and n only.
π π
For example, using Pythagoras’ theorem, A T = x sin
n
√ x 2 − x 2 sin 2
n
or
π π π π
A T = 2(
1
2
(x sin
n
)(x cos
n
)) or AT = x
2
sin
n
cos
n
.
[1 mark]
(c) [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
uses sin θ =
opp
hyp
(M1)
y
π
x
2
= sin
n
A1
π
y = 2x sin
n
AG
METHOD 2
2 π
uses Pythagoras’ theorem ( and (M1)
y 2 2
) + h = x h = x cos
2 n
2
y 2 π 2 2 2 2 π
( ) + (x cos ) = x (y = 4x (1 − cos ))
2 n n
π
= 4x
2
sin
2
n
A1
π
y = 2x sin
n
AG
METHOD 3
uses the cosine rule (M1)
2 2 2 2 π 2 2π
y = 2x − 2x cos (= 2x (1 − cos ))
n n
π
= 4x
2
sin
2
n
A1
π
y = 2x sin
n
AG
METHOD 4
uses the sine rule (M1)

y x
π =
2 π π
sin sin( − )
n 2 n
π π π
y cos
n
= 2x sin
n
cos
n
A1
π
y = 2x sin
n
AG
[2 marks]
(d) [7]
Markscheme
A = P ⇒ nA T = ny (M1)
Note: Award M1 for equating correct expressions for A and P .
1 2 π
2 π 2 π π π
nx sin = 2nx sin (nx sin cos = 2nx sin )
2 n n n n n
π π π π π
A1
1 2 2 2
x sin = 2x sin (x sin cos = 2x sin )
2 n n n n n
π π π
uses sin (seen anywhere in part (d) or in part (b)) (M1)
2
= 2 sin cos
n n n
2 π π π
x sin cos = 2x sin
n n n
attempts to either factorise or divide their expression (M1)
π π
x sin (x cos − 2) = 0
n n
π
x =
2
π , (x sin n
≠ 0) (or equivalent) A1
cos
n
EITHER
substitutes x =
2
π (or equivalent) into P = ny (M1)
cos
n
π
P = 2n(
2
π )(sin n
) A1
cos
n
π π
Note: Other approaches are possible. For example, award A1 for P = 2nx cos
n
tan
n
and M1 for substituting
x =
2
π into P .
cos
n
OR
substitutes x =
2
π (or equivalent) into A = nA T (M1)
cos
n
1 2 2 π
A = n( π ) (sin )
2 n
cos
n
2
π π
A =
1
2
n(
2
π ) (2 sin n
cos
n
) A1
cos
n
THEN
π
A = P = 4n tan
n
AG
[7 marks]
(e.i) [3]
Markscheme
π
attempts to use the Maclaurin series for tan x with x =
n
(M1)
3 5
π π
( ) 2( )
π π n n
tan = + + (+ …)
n n 3 15
π π π 3
π 5
(or equivalent) A1
2
4n tan = 4n( + + (+ …))
n n 3n 3 15n 5
π 3
π 5
= 4( π+ 3n
2
+
15n
2
4
+ …)
π
⇒ lim (4n tan
n
) = 4 π A1
n→∞
Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A0 if lim is not stated anywhere.

n→∞
[3 marks]
(e.ii) [1]
Markscheme
(as n → ∞, P → 4 π and A → 4 π)
the polygon becomes a circle of radius 2 R1
Note: Award R1 for alternative responses such as:

the polygon becomes a circle of area 4π OR
the polygon becomes a circle of perimeter 4π OR
the polygon becomes a circle with A = P = 4π.
Award R0 for polygon becomes a circle.
[1 mark]
(f ) [7]
Markscheme
A =
1
2
ab and P 2
= a + b + √a + b
2
(A1)(A1)
equates their expressions for A and P M1
2 2 1
A = P ⇒ a + b + √a + b = ab
2
√a 2 + b 2 =
1
2
ab − (a + b) M1
Note: Award M1 for isolating √a 2

+ b
2
or ±2√a 2
+ b
2
. This step may be seen later.
1 2
2 2
a + b = ( ab − (a + b))
2
M1
2 2 1 2 2 1 2
a + b = a b − 2( ab)(a + b) + (a + b)
4 2
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
(= a b − a b − ab + a + 2ab + b )
4
Note: Award M1 for attempting to expand their RHS of either a 2
+ b
2
= … or 4(a 2 2
+ b ) = … .
EITHER
ab(
1
4
ab − a − b + 2) = 0 (ab ≠ 0) A1
1
ab − a − b + 2 = 0
4
ab − 4a = 4b − 8
OR
1 2 2 2 2
a b − a b − ab + 2ab = 0
4
a(
1
4
b
2 2
− b) + (2b − b ) = 0 (a(b
2 2
− 4b) + (8b − 4b ) = 0) A1
2
4b −8b
a =
b 2 −4b
THEN
⇒ a =
4b−8
b−4
A1
4b−16+8
a =
b−4
a =
8
b−4
+ 4 AG
Note: Award a maximum of A1A1M1M1M0A0A0 for attempting to verify.

For example, verifying that A = P =
16
b−4
+ 2b + 4 gains 4 of the 7 marks.
[7 marks]
(g.i) [3]
Markscheme
using an appropriate method (M1)
eg substituting values for b or using divisibility properties
(5, 12, 13) and (6, 8, 10) A1A1
Note: Award A1A0 for either one set of three correct side lengths or two sets of two correct side lengths.
[3 marks]
(g.ii) [1]
Markscheme
A = P = 30 and A = P = 24 A1
Note: Do not award A1FT.
[1 mark]
44. [Maximum mark: 20] 20N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_11
(a) [2]
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences in marking or structure.
π
6
(= 0. 524) A1
π
3
(= 1. 05) A1
[2 marks]
(b) [7]
Markscheme
attempt to use integration by parts M1
−3t
s = ∫ e sin 6t dt
EITHER
−3t
= −
e sin 6t
3
− ∫ −2e
−3t
cos 6t dt A1
−3t −3t
= −
e sin 6t
3
− (
2e
3
cos 6t
− ∫ −4e
−3t
sin 6t dt) A1
−3t −3t
e sin 6t 2e cos 6t
= − − ( + 4s)
3 3
−3t −3t
5s =
-3e sin 6t−6e
9
cos 6t
M1
OR
−3t
= −
e cos 6t
6
− ∫
1
2
e
−3t
cos 6t dt A1
−3t −3t
= −
e cos 6t
6
− (
e
12
sin 6t
+ ∫
1
4
e
−3t
sin 6t dt) A1
−3t −3t
e cos 6t e sin 6t 1
= − − ( + s)
6 12 4
−3t −3t
5
4
s =
−2e cos 6t−e
12
sin 6t
M1
THEN
−3t
e ( sin 6t+2 cos 6t)
s = −
15
(+c) A1
at t = 0, s = 0 ⇒ 0 = −
15
2
+ c M1
c =
2
15
A1
−3t
2 e ( sin 6t+2 cos 6t)
s = −
15 15
[7 marks]
(c) [2]
Markscheme
EITHER
π
substituting t =
6
into their equation for s (M1)
π
π+2 cos π)
−
e 2 ( sin
2
(s = − )
15 15
OR
using GDC to find maximum value (M1)
OR
π
evaluating ∫ 0
6
vdt (M1)
THEN
π
= 0. 161(=
15
2
(1 + e
−
2 )) A1
[2 marks]
(d) [2]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
EITHER
1.5
distance required = ∫ e
−3t
sin 6t dt (M1)
0
OR
distance required =
THEN
= 0. 201 (m)
METHOD 2
Markscheme
valid attempt to find
dv
dt
dv
dt
(e.ii)
6t 2 =
= e
6t 3 = 2
−3t
A1
π
6
∫ e
0
6 cos 6t − 3e
= 0 ⇒ tan 6t = 2
[2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to evaluate t
6t 1 = arctan 2(⇒ t 1 =
π + arctan 2(⇒
[5]
π + arctan 2(⇒
1,
−3t
(= 0. 16105 … + 0. 033479 … + 0. 006806 …)
AG
t2 , t3
t2 =
t3 =
sin 6t dt +
sin 6t
in exact form
arctan 2)
π
6
+
π
3
1
+
∣π
3
∫ e
π
6
using successive minimum and maximum values on the displacement graph
0. 16105 … + (0. 16105 … − 0. 12757 …) + (0. 13453 … − 0. 12757 …)
= 0. 201 (m)
[2 marks]
(e.i)
A1
[2]
dv
dt
using product rule and set
−3t
A1
arctan 2)
6
−3t
arctan 2)
Note: The A1 is for any two consecutive correct, or showing that 6t

M1
sin 6t dt
dv
dt
= 0
A1
1.5
+ ∫
π
3
M1
e
2
−3t
=
sin 6t dt
π + 6t or 6t
1
(M1)
(M1)
3 = π + 6t .
2
showing that sin 6t n+1 = − sin 6t n
eg tan 6t = 2 ⇒ sin 6t = ±
√5
2
M1A1
−3t π
showing that M1
e n+1 −
= e 2
e −3t n
π π
−3( +k)
eg e
6
÷ e
−3k
= e
-
2
Note: Award the A1 for any two consecutive terms.
π
AG
v3 v2 −
= = −e 2
v2 v1
[5 marks]

[7]
Markscheme
attempt to use cos (2A + B) = cos 2A cos B − sin 2A sin B (may be seen later) M1
attempt to use any double angle formulae (seen anywhere) M1
attempt to find either sin A or cos B (seen anywhere) M1
(A1)
2 4 √5
cos A = ⇒ sin A (= √ 1 − ) =
3 9 3
A1
1 1 √8 2√ 2
sin B = ⇒ cos B (= √ 1 − = ) =
3 9 3 3
cos 2A (= 2 cos
2
A − 1) = −
1
9
A1
sin 2A (= 2 sin A cos A) =

4√ 5
9
A1
So cos (2A + B) = (−
1
9
)(
2√ 2
3
) − (
4√ 5
9
)(
1
3
)
= −
2√ 2
27
−
4√ 5
27
AG
[7 marks]
(a) [1]
Markscheme
cos 105
∘
= cos (180
∘ ∘
− 75 ) = −cos 75
∘
R1
= −q AG
Note: Accept arguments using the unit circle or graphical/diagrammatical considerations.
[1 mark]
(b) [3]
Markscheme
AD = CD ⇒ CAD = 45
∘
A1
valid method to find BAC (M1)
for example: BC = r ⇒ BCA = 60

∘
⇒ BAC = 30
∘
A1
hence BAD = 45
∘
+ 30
∘
= 75
∘
AG
[3 marks]
(c.i) [4]
Markscheme
AB = r√ 3 AD = (CD) = r√ 2 , A1A1
applying cosine rule (M1)
2 2
BD
2
= (r√ 3) + (r√ 2) − 2 (r√ 3) (r√ 2)cos 75
∘
A1
2 2 2 ∘
= 3r + 2r − 2r √ 6 cos 75
= 5r
2
− 2r q√ 6
2
AG
[4 marks]
(c.ii) [3]
Markscheme
BCD = 105
∘
(A1)
attempt to use cosine rule on ΔBCD (M1)
2
2 2 ∘
BD = r + (r√ 2) − 2r (r√ 2)cos 105
= 3r
2 2
+ 2r q√ 2 A1
[3 marks]
(d) [3]
Markscheme
5r
2 2
− 2r q√ 6 = 3r
2 2
+ 2r q√ 2 (M1)(A1)
2r
2 2
= 2r q (√ 6 + √ 2) A1
Note: Award A1 for any correct intermediate step seen using only two terms.
q =
1
√ 6+√ 2
AG
Note: Do not award the final A1 if follow through is being applied.
[3 marks]

(a) [2]
Markscheme
each arc has length rθ = 6 ×

π
3
= 2π (= 6.283 …) (M1)
perimeter is therefore 6π (= 18.8) (cm) A1
[2 marks]
(b) [5]
Markscheme
area of sector, s, is 1
2
2
r θ = 18 ×
π
3
= 6π (= 18.84 …) (A1)
area of triangle, t, is 1
2
× 6 × 3√ 3 = 9√ 3 (= 15.58 …) (M1)(A1)
Note: area of segment, k, is 3.261… implies area of triangle
finding 3s − 2t or 3k + t or similar
area = 3s − 2t = 18π − 18√ 3 (= 25.4) (cm2) (M1)A1
[5 marks]
48. [Maximum mark: 4] 19M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_3
[4]
Markscheme
A = P
use of the correct formula for area and arc length (M1)
perimeter is rθ + 2r (A1)
Note: A1 independent of previous M1.
2
r
2
(1) = r (1) + 2r A1
2
r − 6r = 0
r = 6 (as r > 0) A1
Note: Do not award final A1 if r = 0 is included.
[4 marks]
(a) [2]
Markscheme
M1A1
2 2 2
(sin x + cos x) = sin x + 2sin x cos x + cos x
Note: Do not award the M1 for just sin 2

x + cos
2
x .
Note: Do not award A1 if correct expression is followed by incorrect working.
= 1 + sin 2x AG
[2 marks]
(b) [4]
Markscheme
sec 2x + tan 2x =
1
cos 2x
+
sin 2x
cos 2x
M1
Note: M1 is for an attempt to change both terms into sine and cosine forms (with the same argument) or both terms into
functions of tan x.
1+sin 2x
=
cos 2x
A1A1
(sin x+cos x)
= 2 2
cos x−sin x
Note: Award A1 for numerator, A1 for denominator.

2
(sin x+cos x)
=
(cos x−sin x)(cos x+sin x)
M1
=
cos x+sin x
cos x−sin x
AG
Note: Apply MS in reverse if candidates have worked from RHS to LHS.
Note: Alternative method using tan 2x and sec 2x in terms of tan x.
[4 marks]
(c) [9]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
π
∫
0
6
(
cos x+sin x
cos x−sin x
)dx A1
Note: Award A1 for correct expression with or without limits.
EITHER
π
or (M1)A1A1
6 0
= [−ln (cos x − sin x)] [ln (cos x − sin x)] π
0
6
Note: Award M1 for integration by inspection or substitution, A1 for ln (cos x − sin x), A1 for completely correct
expression including limits.
= −ln (cos
π
6
− sin
π
6
) + ln (cos 0 − sin 0) M1
Note: Award M1 for substitution of limits into their integral and subtraction.
(A1)
√3 1
= −ln ( − )
2 2
OR
let u = cos x − sin x M1
du
= −sin x − cos x = − (sin x + cos x)
dx
√3 1
−
−∫
1
2 2
(
1
u
)du A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct limits even if seen later, A1 for integral.
√3 1
−
or A1
2 2
1
= [−ln u] [ln u] √3 1
1 −
2 2
M1
√3 1
= −ln ( − ) ( + ln 1)
2 2
THEN
2
= ln ( )
√ 3−1
Note: Award M1 for both putting the expression over a common denominator and for correct use of law of logarithms.
= ln (1 + √ 3) (M1)A1
METHOD 2
π
[
1
2
ln (tan 2x + sec 2x) −
1
2
ln (cos 2x)]
6
0
A1A1
=
1
2
ln (√ 3 + 2) −
1
2
ln (
1
2
) − 0 A1A1(A1)
=
1
2
ln (4 + 2√ 3) M1
=
1
2
ln ((1 + √ 3) ) M1A1
= ln (1 + √ 3) A1
[9 marks]
(a) [1]
Markscheme
EITHER
5√ 15
2
=
1
2
× 4 × 5 sin θ A1
OR
height of triangle is 5√ 15
4
if using 4 as the base or √15 if using 5 as the base A1
THEN
√ 15
sin θ =
4
AG
[1 mark]
(b) [6]
Markscheme
let the third side be x
x
2
= 4
2
+ 5
2
− 2 × 4 × 5 × cos θ M1
valid attempt to find cos θ (M1)
Note: Do not accept writing cos (arcsin ( as a valid method.

√ 15
))
4
15
cos θ = ±√ 1 −
16
=
1
4
, −
1
4
A1A1
2 1
x = 16 + 25 − 2 × 4 × 5 × ±
4
x = √ 31 or √ 51 A1A1
[6 marks]
(a) [6]
Markscheme
3 cos 2x = 4 − 11 cos x
attempt to form a quadratic in cos x M1
3 (2 cos
2
x − 1) = 4 − 11 cos x A1
2
(6 cos x + 11 cos x − 7 = 0)
valid attempt to solve their quadratic M1
(3 cos x + 7) (2 cos x − 1) = 0
cos x =
1
2
A1
x =
π
3
,
5π
3
A1A1
Note: Ignore any “extra” solutions.
[6 marks]
(b) [5]
Markscheme
5π
consider (±) ∫ (4 − 11 cos x − 3 cos 2x) dx M1

π
5π
= (±)[4x − 11 sin x −
3
2
sin 2x]
3
π A1
3
Note: Ignore lack of or incorrect limits at this stage.
attempt to substitute their limits into their integral M1
20π 5π 3 10π 4π π 3 2π
= − 11 sin − sin − ( − 11 sin − sin )
3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3
16π 11√ 3 3√ 3 11√ 3 3√ 3

= + + + +
3 2 4 2 4
25√ 3
=
16π
3
+
2
A1A1
[5 marks]
(c) [6]
Markscheme
attempt to differentiate both functions and equate M1

−6 sin 2x = 11 sin x A1
attempt to solve for x M1
11 sin x + 12 sin x cos x = 0
sin x (11 + 12 cos x) = 0
cos x = −
11
12
(or sin x = 0 ) A1
⇒ y = 4 − 11 (−
11
12
) M1
y =
169
12
(= 14
1
12
) A1
[6 marks]
(a) [2]
Markscheme
3, −3 A1A1
[2 marks]
(b) [2]
Markscheme
stretch parallel to the y-axis (with x-axis invariant), scale factor 2
3
A1
−0.003
translation of ( ) (shift to the left by 0.003) A1
0
Note: Can be done in either order.
[2 marks]
(c) [3]
Markscheme
correct shape over correct domain with correct endpoints A1

first maximum at (0.0035, 4.76) A1
first minimum at (0.0085, −1.24) A1
[3 marks]
(d) [3]
Markscheme
p ≥ 3 between t = 0.0016762 and 0.0053238 and t = 0.011676 and 0.015324 (M1)(A1)
Note: Award M1A1 for either interval.
= 0.00730 A1
[3 marks]
(e) [2]
Markscheme
0.007
p av =
0.007
1
∫
0
6 sin (100πt)sin (100π (t + 0.003))dt (M1)
= 2.87 A1
[2 marks]
(f ) [2]
Markscheme
in each cycle the area under the t axis is smaller than area above the t axis R1
the curve begins with the positive part of the cycle R1
[2 marks]
(g) [6]
Markscheme
4.76−(−1.24)
a =
2
(M1)
a = 3.00 A1
4.76+(−1.24)
d =
2
d = 1.76 A1
2π
b =
0.01
b = 628 (= 200π) A1
c = 0.0035 −
0.01
4
(M1)
c = 0.00100 A1
[6 marks]
[5]
Markscheme
attempt to apply cosine rule M1

2 2 2
5 +11 −14
cos A = = −0.4545 …
2×5×11
∘
⇒ A = 117.03569 …
⇒ A = 117.0
∘
A1
attempt to apply sine rule or cosine rule: M1

∘
sin 117.03569… sin B
=
14 11
∘
⇒ B = 44.4153 …
⇒ B = 44.4
∘
A1
∘
C = 180 − A − B
C = 18.5
∘
A1
Note: Candidates may attempt to find angles in any order of their choosing.
[5 marks]
(a) [3]
Markscheme
A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each correct column of probabilities.
[3 marks]
(b) [2]
Markscheme
probability (at least twice) =
EITHER
(0.6 × 0.7 × 0.8) + (0.6 × 0.7 × 0.2) + (0.6 × 0.3 × 0.6) + (0.4 × 0.6 × 0.7) (M1)
OR
(0.6 × 0.7) + (0.6 × 0.3 × 0.6) + (0.4 × 0.6 × 0.7) (M1)
Note: Award M1 for summing all required probabilities.
THEN
= 0.696 A1
[2 marks]
(c) [3]
Markscheme
P(passes third paper given only one paper passed before)

P (passes third AND only one paper passed bef ore)
=
P (passes once in f irst two papers)
(M1)
(0.6×0.3×0.6)+(0.4×0.6×0.7)
=
(0.6×0.3)+(0.4×0.6)
A1
= 0.657 A1
[3 marks]
(a) [5]
Markscheme
24
(r (cos θ + i sin θ)) = 1 (cos 0 + i sin 0)
use of De Moivre’s theorem (M1)
r
24
= 1 ⇒ r = 1 (A1)
24θ = 2πn ⇒ θ =
πn
12
, (n ∈ Z) (A1)
0 < arg (z) <

π
2
⇒ n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
z = e
πi
12
or e 2πi
12
or e 3πi
12
or e 4πi
12
or e 5πi
12
A2
Note: Award A1 if additional roots are given or if three correct roots are given with no incorrect (or additional) roots.
[5 marks]
(b.i) [4]
Markscheme
Re S = cos π
12
+ cos
2π
12
+ cos
3π
12
+ cos
4π
12
+ cos
5π
12
Im S = sin π
12
+ sin
2π
12
+ sin
3π
12
+ sin
4π
12
+ sin
5π
12
A1
Note: Award A1 for both parts correct.
but sin 5π
12
= cos
π
12
, sin
4π
12
= cos
2π
12
, sin
3π
12
= cos
3π
12
, sin
2π
12
= cos
4π
12
and sin π
12
= cos
5π
12
M1A1
⇒ Re S = Im S AG
Note: Accept a geometrical method.
[4 marks]
(b.ii) [3]
Markscheme
cos
π
12
= cos (
π
4
−
π
6
) = cos
π
4
cos
π
6
+ sin
π
4
sin
π
6
M1A1
√2 √3 √2 1
= +
2 2 2 2
A1
√ 6+√ 2
=
4
[3 marks]
(b.iii) [4]
Markscheme
cos
5π
12
= cos (
π
6
+
π
4
) = cos
π
6
cos
π
4
− sin
π
6
sin
π
4
(M1)
Note: Allow alternative methods eg cos 5π

12
= sin
π
12
= sin (
π
4
−
π
6
) .
√ 6−√ 2
(A1)
√3 √2 1 √2
= − =
2 2 2 2 4
Re S = cos 12
π
+ cos
2π
12
+ cos
3π
12
+ cos
4π
12
+ cos
5π
12
√ 2+√ 6 √3 √2 √ 6−√ 2
Re S = 4
+
2
+
2
+
1
2
+
4
A1
=
1
2
(√ 6 + 1 + √ 2 + √ 3) A1
1
= (1 + √ 2) (1 + √ 3)
2
S = Re(S)(1 + i) since Re S = Im S, R1
S= 1
2
(1 + √ 2) (1 + √ 3) (1 + i) AG
[4 marks]
(a) [3]
Markscheme
concave down and symmetrical over correct domain A1
indication of maximum and minimum values of the function (correct range) A1A1
[3 marks]
(b) [1]
Markscheme
a =0 A1
Note: Award A1 for a = 0 only if consistent with their graph.
[1 mark]
(c.i) [1]
Markscheme
1 ⩽ x ⩽ 5 A1
Note: Allow FT from their graph.
[1 mark]
(c.ii) [2]
Markscheme
y = 4 cos x + 1
x = 4 cos y + 1
x−1
4
= cos y (M1)
x−1
⇒ y = arccos ( )
4
⇒ g
−1
(x) = arccos (
x−1
4
) A1
[2 marks]
(a) [5]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt at integration by parts with u = e

x
, dv
dx
= cos 2x M1
x x
∫ e
x
cos 2x dx =
e
2
sin 2x dx − ∫
e
2
sin 2x dx A1
x x x
= e
2
sin 2x −
1
2
(−
e
2
cos 2x + ∫
e
2
cos 2x) M1A1
x x
= e
2
sin 2x +
e
4
cos 2x −
1
4
∫ e
x
cos 2x dx
x x
∴
5
4
∫ e
x
cos 2x dx =
e
2
sin 2x +
e
4
cos 2x M1
x x
∫ e
x
cos 2x dx =
2e
5
sin 2x +
e
5
cos 2x (+c) AG
METHOD 2
attempt at integration by parts with u = cos 2x , dv
dx
= e
x
M1
∫ e
x
cos 2x dx = e
x
cos 2x + 2 ∫ e
x
sin 2x dx A1
= e
x
cos 2x + 2 (e
x
sin 2x − 2 ∫ e
x
cos 2x dx) M1A1
x x x
= e cos 2x + 2e sin 2x − 4 ∫ e cos 2x dx
∴ 5∫ e
x
cos 2x dx = e
x
cos 2x + 2e
x
sin 2x M1
x x
∫ e
x
cos 2x dx =
2e
5
sin 2x +
e
5
cos 2x (+c) AG
METHOD 3
attempt at use of table M1
eg
A1A1
Note: A1 for first 2 lines correct, A1 for third line correct.
∫ e
x
cos 2x dx = e
x
cos 2x + 2e
x
sin 2x − 4 ∫ e
x
cos 2x dx M1
∴ 5∫ e
x
cos 2x dx = e
x
cos 2x + 2e
x
sin 2x M1
x x
∫ e
x
cos 2x dx =
2e
5
sin 2x +
e
5
cos 2x (+c) AG
[5 marks]
(b) [3]
Markscheme
∫ e
x
cos
2
xdx = ∫
e
2
(cos 2x + 1)dx M1A1
x x x
=
1
2
(
2e
5
sin 2x +
e
5
cos 2x) +
e
2
A1
x x x
=
e
5
sin 2x +
e
10
cos 2x +
e
2
(+c) AG
Note: Do not accept solutions where the RHS is differentiated.
[3 marks]
(c) [6]
Markscheme
f
′
(x) = e
x
cos
2
x − 2e
x
sin x cos x M1A1
Note: Award M1 for an attempt at both the product rule and the chain rule.
e
x
cos x (cos x − 2 sin x) = 0 (M1)
Note: Award M1 for an attempt to factorise cos x or divide by cos x (cos x .

≠ 0)
discount cos x = 0 (as this would also be a zero of the function)
⇒ cos x − 2 sin x = 0
⇒ tan x =
1
2
(M1)
⇒ x = arctan (
1
2
) (at A) and x = π + arctan (
1
2
) (at C) A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each correct answer. If extra values are seen award A1A0.
[6 marks]
(d) [5]
Markscheme
cos x = 0 ⇒ x =
π
2
or 3π
2
A1
Note: The A1may be awarded for work seen in part (c).
3π 3π
x x x
∫ π
2
(e
x
cos
2
x) dx = [
e
5
sin 2x +
e
10
cos 2x +
e
2
]
2
π M1
2 2
3π 3π π π 3π π
e e e e 2e 2e
M1(A1)A1
2 2 2 2 2 2
= (− + ) − (− + ) (= − )
10 2 10 2 5 5
Note: Award M1 for substitution of the end points and subtracting, (A1) for sin 3π = sin π = 0 and
cos 3π = cos π = −1 and A1 for a completely correct answer.
[5 marks]
(a) [3]
Markscheme
concave down and symmetrical over correct domain A1
indication of maximum and minimum values of the function (correct range) A1A1
[3 marks]
(b) [1]
Markscheme
a =0 A1
Note: Award A1 for a = 0 only if consistent with their graph.
[1 mark]
(c.i) [1]
Markscheme
1 ⩽ x ⩽ 5 A1
Note: Allow FT from their graph.
[1 mark]
(c.ii) [2]
Markscheme
y = 4 cos x + 1
x = 4 cos y + 1
x−1
4
= cos y (M1)
x−1
⇒ y = arccos ( )
4
⇒ g
−1
(x) = arccos (
x−1
4
) A1
[2 marks]
(a) [5]
Markscheme
24
(r (cos θ + i sin θ)) = 1 (cos 0 + i sin 0)
use of De Moivre’s theorem (M1)
r
24
= 1 ⇒ r = 1 (A1)
24θ = 2πn ⇒ θ =
πn
12
, (n ∈ Z) (A1)
0 < arg (z) <

π
2
⇒ n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
z = e
πi
12
or e 2πi
12
or e 3πi
12
or e 4πi
12
or e 5πi
12
A2
Note: Award A1 if additional roots are given or if three correct roots are given with no incorrect (or additional) roots.
[5 marks]
(b.i) [4]
Markscheme
Re S = cos π
12
+ cos
2π
12
+ cos
3π
12
+ cos
4π
12
+ cos
5π
12
Im S = sin π
12
+ sin
2π
12
+ sin
3π
12
+ sin
4π
12
+ sin
5π
12
A1
Note: Award A1 for both parts correct.
but sin 5π
12
= cos
π
12
, sin
4π
12
= cos
2π
12
, sin
3π
12
= cos
3π
12
, sin
2π
12
= cos
4π
12
and sin π
12
= cos
5π
12
M1A1
⇒ Re S = Im S AG
Note: Accept a geometrical method.
[4 marks]
(b.ii) [3]
Markscheme
cos
π
12
= cos (
π
4
−
π
6
) = cos
π
4
cos
π
6
+ sin
π
4
sin
π
6
M1A1
√2 √3 √2 1
= +
2 2 2 2
A1
√ 6+√ 2
=
4
[3 marks]
(b.iii) [4]
Markscheme
cos
5π
12
= cos (
π
6
+
π
4
) = cos
π
6
cos
π
4
− sin
π
6
sin
π
4
(M1)
Note: Allow alternative methods eg cos 5π

12
= sin
π
12
= sin (
π
4
−
π
6
) .
√ 6−√ 2
(A1)
√3 √2 1 √2
= − =
2 2 2 2 4
Re S = cos 12
π
+ cos
2π
12
+ cos
3π
12
+ cos
4π
12
+ cos
5π
12
√ 2+√ 6 √3 √2 √ 6−√ 2
Re S = 4
+
2
+
2
+
1
2
+
4
A1
=
1
2
(√ 6 + 1 + √ 2 + √ 3) A1
1
= (1 + √ 2) (1 + √ 3)
2
S = Re(S)(1 + i) since Re S = Im S, R1
S= 1
2
(1 + √ 2) (1 + √ 3) (1 + i) AG
[4 marks]
[6]
Markscheme
use of cosine rule (M1)
CÂB = arccos ( 49+100−25
2×7×10
) = 0.48276 … (= 27.660 … )
∘
(A1)
CBA = arccos ( 25+100−49
2×5×10
) = 0.70748 … (= 40.535 … )
∘
(A1)
attempt to subtract triangle area from sector area (M1)
∧ ∧ ∧ ∧
area = 1
2
× 49 (2CAB − sin 2CAB) +
1
2
× 25 (2CBA − sin 2CBA)
= 3.5079… + 5.3385… (A1)
Note: Award this A1 for either of these two values.
= 8.85 (km2) A1
Note: Accept all answers that round to 8.8 or 8.9.
[6 marks]
(a) [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
use of tan (M1)
tan θ p =
1
p
(A1)
θ p = arctan (
1
p
) A1
METHOD 2
AP = √p 2 + 1 (A1)
use of sin, cos, sine rule or cosine rule using the correct length of AP (M1)
or A1
1 p
θ p = arcsin ( ) θ p = arccos ( )
√ p 2 +1 √ p 2 +1
[3 marks]
(b) [6]
Markscheme
QR = 1 ⇒ r = q + 1 (A1)
Note: This may be seen anywhere.
tan θ p = tan (θ q + θ r )
attempt to use compound angle formula for tan M1
tan θ q +tan θ r
tan θ p =
1−tan θ q tan θ r
(A1)
1 1
+
1
p
=
q
1
r
1
(M1)
1−( )( )
q r
1 1 1 1
+ 1−( )( )
or A1
q q+1
1 q q+1
= p =
p 1 1 1 1
1−( )( ) ( )+( )
q q+1 q q+1
M1
1 q+q+1
=
p q(q+1)−1
Note: Award M1 for multiplying top and bottom by q (q + 1).

2
AG
q +q−1
p =
2q+1
[6 marks]
(c) [4]
Markscheme
increasing function with positive q-intercept A1
Note: Accept curves which extend beyond the domain shown above.
(0.618 <) q < 9 (A1)
⇒ range is (0 <) p < 4.68 (A1)
0 < p < 4.68 A1
[4 marks]
[5]
Markscheme
sin 2x = −sin b
EITHER
sin 2x = sin (−b) or sin 2x = sin (π + b) or sin 2x = sin (2π − b) … (M1)(A1)
Note: Award M1 for any one of the above, A1 for having final two.
OR
(M1)(A1)
Note: Award M1 for one of the angles shown with b clearly labelled, A1 for both angles shown. Do not award A1 if an
angle is shown in the second quadrant and subsequent A1 marks not awarded.
THEN
2x = π + b or 2x = 2π − b (A1)(A1)
x =
π
2
+
b
2
, x = π −
b
2
A1
[5 marks]

[5]
Markscheme
tan (x + π) = tan x (=
sin x
cos x
) (M1)A1
cos (x −
π
2
) = sin x (M1)A1
Note: The two M1s can be awarded for observation or for expanding.
2
tan (x + π) = cos (x −
π
2
) =
sin
cos x
x
A1
[5 marks]
(a.i) [3]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
PC = or 0.8660 (M1)
√3
PM = PC = or 0.4330 (A1)
1 √3
2 4
AM = √
1
4
+
16
3
or 0.661 (m) A1
√7
=
4
METHOD 2
using the cosine rule
AM2 = M1A1
2 √3 √3 ∘
1 + ( ) − 2 × × cos (30 )
4 4
AM = or 0.661 (m) A1
√7
[3 marks]
(a.ii) [2]
Markscheme
tan (AMP) = 2
or equivalent (M1)
√3
= 0.857 A1
[2 marks]
(b) [3]
Markscheme
EITHER
∧ ∧
1
2
AM
2
(2 AMP − sin (2 AMP)) (M1)A1
OR
(M1)A1
1 2 √3
AM × 2 AMP− =
2 8
= 0.158(m2) A1
Note: Award M1 for attempting to calculate area of a sector minus area of a triangle.
[3 marks]

[4]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
area = (four sector areas radius 9) + (four sector areas radius 3) (M1)
= 4(
1
2
9
2 π
9
) + 4(
1
2
3
2 7π
18
) (A1)(A1)
= 18π + 7π
= 25π (= 78.5 cm )
2
A1
METHOD 2
area =
(area of circle radius 3) + (four sector areas radius 9) – (four sector areas radius 3) (M1)
π3
2
+ 4(
1
2
9
2 π
9
) − 4(
1
2
3
2 π
9
) (A1)(A1)
Note: Award A1 for the second term and A1 for the third term.
= 9π + 18π − 2π
= 25π (= 78.5 cm )
2
A1
Note: Accept working in degrees.
[4 marks]
[6]
Markscheme
attempt to use tan, or sine rule, in triangle BXN or BXS (M1)
NX = 80 tan 55
∘
(=
80
tan 35 ∘
= 114.25) (A1)
SX = 80 tan 65
∘
(=
80
tan 25 ∘
= 171.56) (A1)
Attempt to use cosine rule M1
SN
2
= 171.56
2
+ 114.25
2
− 2 × 171.56 × 114.25 cos 70 ° (A1)
SN = 171 (m) A1
Note: Award final A1 only if the correct answer has been given to 3 significant figures.
[6 marks]
(a.i) [2]
Markscheme
′
f (x) = 4 sin x cos x + 14 cos 2x + sec
2
x (or equivalent) (M1)A1
[2 marks]
(a.ii) [4]
Markscheme
A1A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct behaviour at x = 0, A1 for correct domain and correct behaviour for x →
π
2
, A1 for two
clear intersections with x-axis and minimum point, A1 for clear maximum point.
[4 marks]
(a.iii) [2]
Markscheme
x = 0.0736 A1
x = 1.13 A1
[2 marks]
(b.i) [2]
Markscheme
attempt to write sin x in terms of u only (M1)
sin x =
u
√ 1+u 2
A1
[2 marks]
(b.ii) [3]
Markscheme
cos x =
1
√ 1+u 2
(A1)
attempt to use sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x (= 2

u
√ 1+u 2
1
√ 1+u 2
) (M1)
sin 2x =
2u
1+u
2
A1
[3 marks]
(b.iii) [2]
Markscheme
2
2 sin x + 7 sin 2x + tan x − 9 = 0
2
2u
1+u
2 +
1+u
14u
2 + u − 9 (= 0) M1
2 2 2
2u +14u+u(1+u )−9(1+u )
1+u
2 = 0 (or equivalent) A1
u
3
− 7u
2
+ 15u − 9 = 0 AG
[2 marks]
(c) [3]
Markscheme
u = 1 or u = 3 (M1)
x = arctan(1) A1
x = arctan(3) A1
Note: Only accept answers given the required form.
[3 marks]
© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024

AA HL Trig

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AA HL Trig [855 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 19] SPM.2.AHL.TZ0.12

so x = tan θ satisfies the equation AG

so x = − cot θ satisfies the equation AG

let α = tan θ and β = − cot θ

attempting to find the sum of roots M1

= −2 cot 2θ (from part (a)) A1

attempting to find the product of roots M1

hence the two roots are α = tan θ and β = − cot θ AG

Note: Award R1 if only x = tan

attempting to solve their quadratic equation M1

attempting to solve their quadratic equation M1

correct graph of y = f 1 (x) A1

correct graph of y = f 3 (x) A1

graphical or tabular evidence that n has been systematically varied M1

eg n = 3, 1 local maximum point and 1 local minimum point

n = 5, 2 local maximum points and 2 local minimum points

n = 7, 3 local maximum points and 3 local minimum points (A1)

correct graph of y = f 4 (x) A1

graphical or tabular evidence that n has been systematically varied M1

eg n = 2, 0 local maximum point and 1 local minimum point

n = 4, 1 local maximum points and 2 local minimum points

n = 6, 2 local maximum points and 3 local minimum points (A1)

f n (x) = cos (n arccos (x))

Note: Award M1 for attempting to use the chain rule.

f 2 (x) = cos (2 arccos x)

stating that (cos (arccos x)) = x A1

f n+1 (x) = cos ((n + 1) arccos x)

= cos (n arccos x + arccos x) A1

use of cos(A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B leading to M1

= cos (n arccos x)cos (arccos x) − sin (n arccos x)sin (arccos x) AG

f n−1 (x) = cos ((n − 1) arccos x) A1

= cos (n arccos x)cos (arccos x) + sin (n arccos x)sin (arccos x) M1

f n+1 (x) + f n−1 (x) = 2 cos (n arccos x)cos (arccos x) A1

f 3 (x) = 2xf 2 (x) − f 1 (x) (M1)

uses the sine rule in ΔPSX M1

sin (180°−α − β) = sin (α + β) (A1)

let the height of quadrilateral PQRS be h

attempts to find a second expression for h M1

PS sin α = (y − x − PS cos α) tan β

writes tan β as , multiplies through by cos β and expands the RHS M1

PS sin α cos β = (y − x) sin β − PS cos α sin β

uses the binomial theorem on (cos θ + i sin θ) M1

(using de Moivre’s theorem with n = 4 gives) cos 4θ + i sin 4θ (A1)

recognizes that cot 4θ =

substitutes for sin 4θ and cos 4θ into cos 4θ

divides the numerator and denominator by sin 4

θ sin θ−4 cos θ sin

setting cot 4θ = 0 and putting x = cot

Note: Award R1 for an alternative convincing valid reason.

it appears that C = −arctan

use of a right triangle, leading to the required result. M1

it appears that C = −arctan

use of a right triangle, leading to the required result. M1

7. [Maximum mark: 6] 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.3

valid attempt to solve quadratic (M1)

recognition to solve for sin x (M1)

any correct solution from sin x = −1 A1

any correct solution from sin x =

Note: If no working shown, award no marks for a final value(s).

Note: Award A1 for sin . This may be seen at a later stage.

attempt to use chain rule or implicit differentiation (M1)