CHAPTER-2-EXPONENTS (POWERS)

EXERCISE 2(A)

1. (i)
Solution:

(3−1
× 9−1 ) ÷ 3−2

(
( 3−1 × 9−1 ) ÷ 3−2 = 3−1 × ( 32 )
−1
)÷3 −2

= ( 3−1 × 3−2 ) ÷ 3−2

1 1  1
= × 2  ÷ 2
3 3  3
1 32
= 3×
3 1
= 32−3
= 3−1
1
=
3
1
Therefore, the value of ( 3−1 × 9−1 ) ÷ 3−2 is .
3
(ii)
Solution:

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 (3 −1
× 4−1 ) ÷ 6−1

1 1 1
( 3−1
× 4 −1
) ÷ 6 −1
=  × ÷
3 4 6
1 6 1
= × =
12 1 2
1
Therefore, the value of ( 3−1 × 4−1 ) ÷ 6−1 is .
2
(iii)
Solution:

(2 )
3
−1 −1
+3
3
1 1
(2 + 3−1 )
3
−1
= + 
 2 3
3
 1× 3 1× 2 
=  + 
 2 × 3 3× 2 
3
3 2
=  + 
6 6
3
5
= 
6
125
=
216
125
( )
3
Therefore, the value of 2−1 + 3−1  is .
216
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
(iv)
Solution:

( 3−1 ÷ 4−1 )
2

2
1 1
(3 ÷ 4−1 )
2
−1
= ÷ 
3 4
2 2
1 4 4
= ×  = 
3 1 3
16
=
9
16
( )
2
−1 −1
Therefore, the value of 3 ÷ 4 is .
9

(v)
Solution:
2

( 22 + 32 ) ×  12 
2
1 1
( 2 2
+ 32
)  2 
× = ( 4 + 9 ) ×  
4
1
= 13 ×
4
13
=
4
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
 2
 1  13
Therefore, the value of ( 2 + 3 ) ×   is .
2 2

2 4

(vi)
Solution:
−3
2
( 5 2
− 32
)  3 
×

−3 3

( 5 − 3 ) ×  23  =
2 2 3
( 25 − 9 ) ×  
2
27
= 16 ×
8
2 × 27
=
1
= 54
−3
2
Therefore, the value of ( 52 − 32 ) ×   is 54 .
3

(vii)
Solution:
 1  −3  1  −3   1  −3
  −    ÷  
 4   3    6 

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 1  −3  1  −3   1  −3
  −    ÷   =  4 − 3  ÷ ( 6 )
3 3 3

 4   3    6 
1
= [ 64 − 27 ] ×
216
37
=
216
 1  −3  1  −3   1  −3 37
Therefore, the value of   −    ÷   is .
4
  3
     6 216

(viii)
Solution:
2
 3  −2 
 −  
 4  
2 2
 3  −2   −4  2 
 −   =   
 4    3  
2
16 
= 
9
256
=
81
2
 3  −2
 256
Therefore, the value of  −   is .
 4   81
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
(ix)
Solution:
−2
 3  −2 
  
 5  
−2 −2
 3  −2   5 2 
   =   
 5    3  
−2
 25 
= 
9
2
9 81
= = 
 25  625
−2
 3  
−2
81
Therefore, the value of    is .
5
   625

(x)
Solution:

(5 −1
× 3−1 ) ÷ 6−1

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 1 1 1
( 5 −1
× 3−1
) ÷ 6 −1
=  × ÷
5 3 6
1
=  ×6
 15 
2
=
5
2
Therefore, the value of ( 5−1 × 3−1 ) ÷ 6−1 is .
5

2.
Solution:
= 3m × 5n
1125
Factor of 1125 are1125 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5
3m × 5n = 32 × 53
Therefore, = n 3.
m 2,=

3.
Solution:

( 27 )
2 x −3
9 × 3x =

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 ( 33 )
2 x −3
32 × 3x =
32+ x = 36 x −9
Compare both sides in above expression.
2 + x = 6x − 9
6x − x = 2 + 9
5 x = 11
11
x=
5
11
Therefore the value of x is .
5

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 CHAPTER-2-EXPONENTS (POWERS)

EXERCISE 2(B)

1. (i)
Solution:
18 × 30 × 53 × 22
18 × 30 × 53 × 22 = 1× 1× 125 × 4
= 500
Therefore, value of 18 × 30 × 53 × 22 is 500 .

(ii)
Solution:

( 47 ) × ( 4−3 )
2 4

( 47 ) × ( 4−3 ) =47×2 × 4−3×4

2 4

= 414 × 4−12
= 414−12
= 42
= 16

Therefore, value of ( 47 ) × ( 4−3 ) is 16 .

2 4

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

(iii)
Solution:

( 2−9 ÷ 2−11 )
3

(2 )= (2 )
3 3
−9 −11 −9 −( −11)
÷2

= (2 )
3
−9 +11

= (2 )
3
2

= 26
= 64

Therefore, value of ( 2 ÷ 2 )
3
−9 −11
is 64 .

(iv)
Solution:
−4 −2
 2   27 
  × 
3  8 

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 −4 −2 4 2
2  27  3  8 
  ×   =  × 
3  8   2   27 
4 2
3 2 
3
=   × 3 
2 3 
 34   26 
=  4 × 6 
2  3 
 22 
= 2 
3 
4
=
9
−4 −2
 2   27  4
Therefore, value of   ×   is .
3  8  9

(v)
Solution:
0 3
 56   2  16
  ÷  ×
 28   5  25

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 0 3
 56   2  16  8  16
  ÷  × =
 28   5  25
( )  125  × 25
2 0
÷

125 16
= 1× ×
8 25
5× 2
=
1× 1
= 10
0 3
 56   2  16
Therefore, value of   ÷   × is 10.
28
    5 25

(vi)
Solution:

(12 )
−2
× 33

1
(12 )
−2
× 33 = 2
× 33
12
27
=
144
3
=
16
3
Therefore, value of (12 ) × 33 is
−2
.
16

(vii)
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
Solution:

( −5) × ( −5) ÷ ( −5)

4 6 9

( −5) × ( −5) ÷ ( −5) = ( −5 )

4 6 9 4 + 6 −9

( −5)
1
=
= −5

Therefore, value of ( −5 ) × ( −5 ) ÷ ( −5 ) is −5 .
4 6 9

(viii)
Solution:
4 8 5
 1   1   −1 
−  ÷−  × 
 3  3  3 
4 8 5 4 −8 + 5
 1   1   −1   1 
−  ÷−  ×  = − 
 3  3  3   3
−4 + 5
 1
= − 
 3
1
 1 1
=
 −  =
−
 3 3
4 8 5
 1   1   −1  1
Therefore, value of  −  ÷  −  ×   is − .
 3  3  3  3
(ix)
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
Solution:

90 × 4−1 ÷ 2−4
1 1
90 × 4−1 ÷ 2−4 =1× × 4
4 2
1 1
=1× ÷ 4
4 2
1 16
= ×
4 1
=4
Therefore, value of 90 × 4−1 ÷ 2−4 is 4 .

(x)
Solution:
3
( 625)
−
4

3
1
( 625)
−
4 = 3
( 625) 4

1
= 3

(5 )
4 4

1
=
53
1
=
125
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
 3
1
Therefore, value of ( 625 )
−
4 is .
125

(xi)
Solution:
−2
 27  3
 
 64 
−2 −2

 27  3 3  3 3

  = 3 
 64  4 
−2
3× −2
3 3 3
= =  
4 4
2
 4  16
= = 
3 9
−2
 27  3 16
Therefore, value of   is .
 64  9

(xii)
Solution:
−2
 1  5
 
 32 
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
 −2
 1  5 2

  = ( 32 ) 5
 32 
2
= (2 )
5 5

2
= 2= 4
−2
 1  5
Therefore, value of   is 4 .
 32 

(xiii)
Solution:
−2 2
(125) 3 ÷ (8) 3

−2 2 −2 2

(125) 3 ÷ (8) = 3
(5 )
3 3 ÷ (2 )
3 3

−2 2
3× 3×
= 5 3
÷2 3

1 1
= 5−2 ÷ 22 =
2
×
5 4
1 1 1
= × =
25 4 100
−2
1
Therefore, value of (125 ) 3 is .
100

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

(xiv)
Solution:
2 2
( 243) ÷ ( 32 )
−
5 5

2 2 2 2
=( 3 ) ÷ (2 )
−
( 243) ÷ ( 32 )
− 5 5 5
5 5 5

 5× 52   5× −52 
= 3  ÷2 
   
= 32 ÷ 2−2
1
= 9÷
4
= 9× 4
= 36
2 2
Therefore, value of ( 243) ÷ ( 32 )
−
5 5 is 36 .

(xv)
Solution:

( 3 ) × ( −2)
0 2
( −3) ÷ ( 64 )
4 5
− 4 3

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 2

( 3 ) × ( −2)
2
(81) − (1) × ( −32 ) ÷ ( 4 )
0
( −3) ÷ ( 64 )=
4 5 3 3
− 4 3

 3× 23 
= ( 81) − (1) × ( −32 ) ÷  4 
 
= (81) + 32 ÷ ( 42 )
1
= 81 + 32 ×
16
= 81 + 2
= 83

( 3 ) × ( −2)
0 2
Therefore, value of ( −3) − ÷ ( 64 ) is 83 .
4 4 5
3

(xvi)
Solution:
1
−
2
 81  4
( 27 ) 3 ÷ 
 16 

−
1  4× 14 
2
 81    2 2
÷   = 3  ÷  1 
4 3×
( 27 ) 3

3

 16     34× 4 
 
2 3
32   =
=÷ 9×
3 2
27 1
= = 13
2 2
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
 1
−
 81  2 4 1
Therefore, value of ( 27 ) ÷   3 is13 .
 16  2

2. (i)
Solution:
2
4 3 −
 1  3
8 + 25 −  
3 2

 27 
2
4 3 − 4 3
 1  3 3× 2× 2
8 + 25 −  
3 2
=2 3
+5 2
− ( 27 ) 3
 27 
4 3 2
− (3 )
3× 2×
3 3
=2 3
+5 2

= 24 + 53 − 32
=16 + 125 − 9
= 132

2
4 3 −
 1  3
Therefore, value of 8 + 25 −  
3 2
is132 .
 27 

(ii)
Solution:

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 2

{ }
 ÷  ( −8 )2 
−3 3
( 64 ) −2

   
2

{
 ÷  ( −=2 3
}
−3

 8 )  ( 8 )  {
÷ −8 }
−2×( −3) 2
( 64 ) −2  2   2×3

 
= 82×6 ÷ ( −8 )
6×2

1
= 812 ×
( −1) (8)
12 12

=1
2

{ 2 3
}
−3
Therefore, value of ( 64 )  ÷ ( −8 )
−2

    is1.

(iii)
Solution:

(2 −3
− 2−4 )( 2−3 + 2−4 )

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

  1 1  1 1 
( 2 −3
− 2 −4
)( 2 −3
+ 2 −4
)  23 − 24 
= 3
+ 4
 2 2 
 1× 2 1  1× 2 1 
=  −  +  ( L.C.M of 8and16is16 )
 8 × 2 16  8 × 2 16 
 2 1  2 1 
=  −  + 
 16 16  16 16 
 1  3  3
= =  
 16  16  16 × 16
3
=
256

3
Therefore, value of ( 2−3 − 2−4 )( 2−3 + 2−4 ) is .
256

3. (i)
Solution:

( −5)
0

( −5=
) 1 (a= 1)
0 0

Therefore, value of ( −5 ) is 1.
0

(ii)

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

Solution:

80 + 4 0 + 2 0
80 + 40 + 20 = 1 + 1 + 1 (a 0 = 1)
=3

Therefore, value of 80 + 40 + 20 is 3.

(iii)
Solution:

(8 + 4 + 2 )
0

( 8 += ) (a 0
4 + 2 ) (14= 1)
0 0

=1
Therefore, value of ( 8 + 4 + 2 ) is 1.
0

(iv)
Solution:

4x 0
4 x0= 4 × x0
4 × 1(a 0 =
= 1)
=4
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
 Therefore, value of 4x 0 is 4.

(v)
Solution:

( 4x )
0

(=
4x)
0
(a0 1)
1=

Therefore, value of ( 4x ) is 1.
0

(vi)
Solution:
5
(103 )0 
 
5

( 10 )  =
  10  (a 0 1)
0
3×0 5
= 3


= 100×5
= 100
=1
5
Therefore, value of (103 )  is 1.
0

 

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

(vii)
Solution:

( 7x )
2
0

(7x ) =
( 7 × x ) (a 1)
2 2
0 0 0
=

( 7 ×1)
2
=
= 49

Therefore, value of ( 7x 0 ) is 49.

2

(viii)
Solution:
1 1
−
0 −1 −2
9 +9 −9 +9 −9 2 2

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 1 1 1 1
1 1
9 + 9 − 9 + 9 − 9 =1 + − 2 + ( 3 ) − ( 3 ) 2 (a 0 =1)
− −
0 −1 −2 2 2 2 2 2

9 9
1 1
=1 + − + 3 − 3−1
9 81
1 1 1
=1 + − + 3 −
9 81 3
1× 81 1× 9 1 3 × 81 1× 27
= + − + −
1× 81 9 × 9 81 1× 81 3 × 27
81 9 1 243 27
= + − + −
81 81 81 81 81
81 + 9 − 1 + 243 − 27
=
81
305 62
= = 3
81 81
1 1
− 62
Therefore, value of 9 + 9 − 9 + 9 − 9 is 3
0 −1 −2 2 2
81

4. (i)
Solution:
a 5b 2
a 2b −3

a 5b 2 5− 2 2 −( −3)  am m−n m n m+ n 
= a b =  a and=a × a a 
a 2b −3  a n

= a 3b5
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
 a 5b 2
Therefore, value of 2 −3 is a 3b5 .
ab

(ii)
Solution:

15 y 8 ÷ 3 y 3

815 y 8  a m
3 m−n m n m+n 
15 y=
÷ 3y =  a and=a × a a 
3 y3  an 
= 5 y 8−3
= 5 y5

Therefore, value of 15 y 8 ÷ 3 y 3 is 5y 5

(iii)
Solution:

x10 y 6 ÷ x 3 y −2

10 6 3 −2 10 −3  am
6 −( −2 ) m−n 
x =
y ÷x y x y =
 n
a 
 a 
= x7 y8

Therefore, value of x10 y 6 ÷ x 3 y −2 is x 7 y 8 .

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

(iv)
Solution:

5 z16 ÷ 15 z −11

16 5 z16  a m
−11 m−n 
5 z ÷ 15
= z = a 
15 z −11  a n 
1 16− −11
= z ( )
3
1
= z 27
3
1 27
Therefore, value of 5 z16 ÷ 15 z −11 is z .
3

(v)
Solution:
1

( 36x ) 2 2

1 1 1

( 36 x )= ( 6 ) ( a a m+ n )
2×
2 2 2 2 m n
×x 2
× a=
1
2×
= 6 2
×x
= 6x

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 1
Therefore, value of 36x ( )
2 2
is 6x .

(vi)
Solution:
1

(125x ) −3 3

( )
1 1
x )
(125= (5 x ) ( a m ) a m×n and a=
n
−3 3 3 −3 3 m
= × a n a m+n
1 1
3× −3×
=5 3
x 3

= 5 x −1
5
=
x
1
5
Therefore, value of 125x ( −3 3
) is
x
.

(vii)
Solution:

( 2x 2 y −3 )
−2

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

( 2 x=y )
2 −3
2−2 x
−2 2×( −2 )
y(
−3)×( −2 )
( =
( a m ) a m×n and a=
n
m
× a n a m+n )
1 −4 6
= 2
x y
2
y6
= 4
4x
y6
Therefore, value of ( 2 x y )
−2
2 −3
is 4 .
4x

(viii)
Solution:
2

( 27x −3
y )
6 3

( )
2 2

( 27 x=
y ) (3 x y ) ( a m ) a m×n and a=
n
−3 6 3 3 −3 6 3 m
= × a n a m+n
2 2 2
3× −3× 6×
=3 3
x 3
y 3

= 32 x −2 y 4
9 y4
= 2
x
2
9 y4
Therefore, value of 27x y ( −3
)
6 3
is 2 .
x

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

(ix)
Solution:

( −2x )
6
23 −3 2
y

 ×6 
( )
2 −3

( −2 x )  ( ) = a and a × a =a
6 ×6 n
=  ( −2 ) x y
23 −3 2 6 m m×n m n m+n
y 3 2
 a
 
= (( −2) 6
x 4 y −9 )
64 x 4
= 9
y

64x 4
Therefore, value of ( −2x y )
6
23 −3 2
is 9
.
y

5.
Solution:

( x a +b ) ⋅ ( xb+c ) .( x c + a )
a −b b −c c−a

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

( x ) ⋅ ( x ) .( x ) ( ) ⋅ ( x( ) .( x( )
a −b b −c c−a
x( ) (
a +b b+c c+a a + b × a −b ) b + c )×( b − c ) c + a )×( c − a )
=

( ( a m ) a m×n and a=
=
n
m
× a n a m+n )
 ( a2 − ab −b2 + ab )   (b2 −bc −c2 +bc )   ( c2 −ca − a2 + ac ) 
= x ⋅ x  . x 
    
 ( a 2 −b2 )   ( b2 − c 2 )   ( c 2 − a 2 ) 
= x ⋅ x  . x 
    
2
−b2 + b2 − c 2 + c 2 − a 2
= xa
= x0
=1

Therefore, value of ( x a +b ) ⋅ ( xb+c ) .( x c + a )

a −b b −c c−a
is 1.

5. (i)
Solution:

20 −10 5 x3
5
x y z ÷ 3
y

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 1
x3 y3  am m+n 
5 20
x y =
y
−10 5
z ÷ 3 (x 20
y z )
−10 5 5
× 3=
x  an
a m−n
and=a m
× a n
a 

 20× 15 −10× 15 5× 15  y 3
= x y z × 3
  x
y3
= (x y z )× 3
4 −2 1

x
= x 4−3 y −2+3 z1
= xyz

20 −10 5 x3
Therefore, value of 5
x y z ÷ 3 is xyz .
y

(ii)
Solution:
−3
 256a  16 4

 4 
 81b 

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 −3 −3
 256a  16
 2 a   am
4 8 16
m−n
4
m n m+n 
 = 4 
=
 4 4   n
a and=a × a a 
 81b   3 b   a 
 8× −43 16× −43 
2 a
=  −3 −3 
 4× 4× 
3 4b 4 
 
 2−6 a −12 
=  −3 −3 
 3 b 
33 b3
= 6 12
2 a
27b3
=
64a12
−3
 256a  27b3 16 4
Therefore, value of  4 
is 12
.
 81b  64 a

6. (i)
Solution:

( a −2b ) ⋅ ( ab )
−2 −3

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

( a −2b ) ⋅=
−2
( ab )
−3
( a
−2×( −2 ) −2
b ) (
( a −3b−3 ) =
( a m ) a m×n anda=
n
m
× a n a m+n )
= ( a 4b −2 )( a −3b −3 )
= a 4−3b −2−3
= ab −5
a
=
b5

a
Therefore, value of ( a −2b ) ⋅ ( ab ) is
−2 −3
5
.
b

(ii)
Solution:

( x n y − m ) × ( x3 y −2 )
4 −n

(x y )×(x ( )y ( ) )
( x n y − m ) × ( x3 y −2 ) =
4 −n 3× − n −2× − n
n×4 − m×4

(=
( a ) a anda=×a a m
n
m×n m n m+n
)
= (x y )×(x y ) 4n −4 m −3 n 2n

x 4 n −3 n y 2 n
=
y 4m
xn y 2n
= 4m
y
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
 xn y 2n
Therefore, value of ( x y ) ×(x y )
4 −n
n −m 3 −2
is 4 m .
y

(iii)
1
−
 125a  −3 3

 6 
 y 
Solution:
1 −1

 125a −3 
−
3   5a −1  3
 3

  =  2  
 y 
6
 y  
 
−1
3×
 5a −1 3
= 2 
 y 
−1
 5 
= 2 
 ay 
ay 2
=
5
1
−
 125a  −3 3 ay 2
Therefore, the value of   is .
 y 6
 5

(iv)

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 1
−
 32 x −5 5

 −5 
 243 y 
Solution:
1 −1
−
 32 x −5 5 2 x 
5 −5 5

 −5 
=  5 −5 
 243 y  3 y 
−1
  2 x −1  5
 5

==   −1  
 3y  
 
−1
5×
 2x  −1 5
=  −1 
 3y 
−1
 2y 
= 
 3x 
3x
=
2y
1
−
 32 x  −5 5 3x
Therefore, the value of  −5 
is .
 243 y  2y

(v)
1 1

( a b ) × ( ab )
−2 2 −3 3

Solution:

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 1 1
 −2× 12 12   13 −3× 13 
( a b ) × ( ab )
−2 2 −3 3
= a b ×a b 
   
 −1 12   13 −1 
==  a b  ×  a b 
   
 −1+ 13 12 −1 
= a b 
 
 −32 − 12 
= a b 
 
1
= 2 1
a 3b 2
1 1
1
Therefore, the value of a b ( −2
) 2 × ( ab )
−3 3
is 2 1
.
a b
3 2

(vi)

( xy ) .( yz ) .( zx )
m−n n −l l −m

Solution:

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 ( xy ) ( yz ) ( zx )
m n l

( xy ) .( yz ) .( zx )
m−n n −l l −m
= . .
( xy ) ( yz ) ( zx )
n l m

==
( x y ) ( y z ) (z x )
.
m m

.
n n l l

(x y ) ( y z ) (z x )
n n l l m m

=
( y ) (z ) (x )
.
m

.
n l

(x ) ( y ) (z )
n l m

= x l − n . y m −l .z n − m

Therefore, the value of ( xy ) .( yz ) .( zx )

m−n n −l l −m
is x l − n . y m −l .z n − m .

8.
Show that:
a −b b −c c−a
 xa   xb   xc 
 −b  . − c  . − a  =1
x  x  x 
Solution:

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 a −b b −c c−a
 xa   xb   xc 
( ) .( x ) .( x )
a −b b −c c−a
a −( − b ) b −( − c ) c −( − a )
 −b  . − c  . − a  = x
x  x  x 
= ( x a +b ) .( xb + c ) .( x c + a )
a −b b −c c−a

( )( ) ).( x( )( ) ).( x(
= x(
a + b a −b b + c b −c c + a )( c − a )
)
= (x ) .( x ) .( x )
a 2 −b2 b2 −c2 c2 − a2

2
−b2 + b2 − c 2 + c 2 − a 2
= xa
= x0
=1

9.

×(x )
3 n +1
5+ n 2
x
Evaluate:
x7 n−2
Solution:

x 5+ n × ( x 2 )
3 n +1
x 5+ n × x 6 n + 2
=
x7 n−2 x7 n−2
5+ n + 6 n + 2 −( 7 n − 2 )
=x
= x 7 n + 7 −7 n + 2
= x9

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 x 5+ n × ( x 2 )
3 n +1

Therefore, the value of 7 n−2

is x 9 .
x

10.

a 2 n +1 × a (
2 n +1)( 2 n −1)
Evaluate:
× ( a2 )
n( 4 n −1) 2 n +3
a

Solution:

a 2 n +1
×a ( 2 n +1)( 2 n −1)
a 2 n +1
×a
(( 2 n ) −1 )2 2

=
× (a ( 4n −n) × a 4n+6
)
n ( 4 n −1) 2 n +3 2
a 2
a ( )
a 2 n +1
×a
( 4 n −1) 2

= 2
a 4n −n+4n+6

2
a 2 n +1+ 4 n −1
= 4 n2 − n + 4 n + 6
a
=a
2
(
2 n +1+ 4 n 2 −1− 4 n − n + 4 n + 6 )
2 n +1+ 4 n 2 −1− 4 n 2 + n − 4 n − 6
=a
= a − n −6
1
=
a n+6

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 a 2 n +1 × a (
2 n +1)( 2 n −1)
1
Therefore, the value of is .
× (a )
2 n +3 n+6
a
n( 4 n −1) 2 a

11.

Prove that: ( m + n )
−1
( m−1 + n−1 ) =
( mn )
−1

Solution:
1  1 1
(m + n)
−1
(m −1
n −1 )
+=
( m + n
 + 
) m n
1  1× n 1× m 
=  + 
( m + n ) m × n n×m 
1 n+m
=
( m + n )  mn 
1
=
mn
1
Therefore, the value of ( m + n )
−1
( m−1 + n−1 ) is mn
.

12. (i)
1 1 1
x  x  x a ab b bc c ca
Show that:  b   c   a  = 1
x  x  x 

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

Solution:
1 1 1
1 1 1
x  x  x 
a ab b bc c ca

 b   c   a  = (x ) (x ) (x )
a −b ab b − c bc c − a ca

x  x  x 
 aab−b  bbc−c  cca− a 
=  x  x  x 
   
a −b b − c c − a
+ +
=x ab bc ca

c ( a −b ) a ( b − c ) b( c − a )
+ +
=x abc abc bca

ca − cb + ab − ac + bc −ba
=x abc

0
=x abc

= x0
=1
1 1 1
x  x  x  a ab b bc c ca
Therefore, the value of  b   c   a  is 1.
x  x  x 

(ii)
1 1
Show that: a −b
+ b−a
1
=
1+ x 1+ x
Solution:

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

 1 1 1 1
+ = +
1 + x a −b 1 + x b − a xa xb
1+ b 1+ a
x x
1 1
= b +
x + x a x a + xb
xb xa
xb xa
= b a
+ a
x +x x + xb
x a + xb
= a
x + xb
=1
1 1
Therefore, the value of + is 1.
1 + x a −b 1 + x b − a

13.(i)

Find n when: 12−5 × 122 n +1 =1213 ÷ 127

Solution:

12−5 × 122 n +1 =1213 ÷ 127

12−5+ 2 n +1 = 1213−7
122 n − 4 = 126
Compare both sides.

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

2n − 4 =6
2n = 10
10
n=
2
n=5
Therefore, the value of n is 5.

(ii)

a 2 n −3 × ( a 2 )
n +1

( a3 ) ÷ ( a6 )
3 −3
=
(a )
−3
4

Solution:

a 2 n −3 × ( a 2 )
n +1

( a3 ) ÷ ( a6 )
3 −3
=
(a )
−3
4

a 2 n −3 × a 2 n + 2 9 −18
= a ÷ a
a −12
2 n −3+ 2 n + 2 −( −12 ) 9 −( −18 )
a =a
a 4 n +11 = a 27

Compare both sides.

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise

4n + 11 =27
4n = 16
16
n=
4
n=4
Therefore, the value of n is 4 .

14.(i)

a 2 n +3 ⋅ a (
2 n +1)( n + 2 )

( a3 )
2 n +1 n( 2 n +1)
⋅a

Solution:
2 n +3 ( 2 n +1)( n + 2 ) 2 n +3 (2n 2
+4n+n+2 )
a ⋅a a ⋅a
=
(2n +n)
(a )
2 n +1 n ( 2 n +1)
2
3
⋅a a 6 n +3
⋅a
2 n + 3+ 2 n 2 + 5 n + 2
a
= 6 n + 3+ 2 n 2 + n
a
2
+ 7 n + 5− 2 n 2 − 7 n −3
= a2n
= a2

a 2 n +3 ⋅ a (
2 n +1)( n + 2 )
Therefore, the value of is a 2 .
( a3 )
2 n +1 n( 2 n +1)
⋅a

(ii)
Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise
x 2n+7 ⋅ ( x 2 )
3n + 2

4( 2 n + 3)
x
Solution:

x 2n+7 ⋅ ( x 2 )
3n + 2
x 2n+7 ⋅ x6n+4
4( 2 n + 3)
=
x x8 n +12
x 2n+7+6n+4
=
x8 n +12
= x 2 n + 7 + 6 n + 4−8 n −12
= x8 n −8 n +11−12
= x −1
1
=
x

x 2n+7 ⋅ ( x 2 )
3n + 2
1
Therefore, the value of 4( 2 n + 3)
is .
x x

Class VIII www.vedantu.com Selina Concise