356 Ele 0023 001

BAPCO MODERNIZATION PROGRAM
LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATION (356SSTR01)
NSH-356-ELE-0023-001
LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATION
6DESAL SUBSTATION (356SSTR01)
BAPCO Document No: 356-R-CAL-42003-001 Rev: A
PROJECT
MATERIAL REQUISITION No.
076551C-000M-MR 2 0 0 0 B 1 0 0
Bapco MR No 000-B-SUB-50021-001
Bapco PO No N/A
Bapco Doc No 356-R-CAL-42003-001
Bapco Doc Rev A
Equipment No ALL ITEM
SR Doc Code A4111
CDRL Code R2.2.12B Doc Class 2
ISSUED FOR
AA 28/11/2019 UAS JRB
REVIEW
ISSUED FOR
AA 28/11/2019 UAS JRB
REVIEW
APPRVD
Rev. DATE STATUS PRPD BY CHKD BY
BY
DOCUMENT REVISIONS HISTORY
BAPCO Document No. Page 1 of 16

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................................3
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................................................3
3. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM STUDY REPORT.........................................................................3
4. RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................3
5. ANNEXES ...............................................................................................................................................4
6. ATTACHMENTS ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

1. SCOPE
This study is intended to present all the input data and assumptions used to evaluate if a
lightning protection system is needed to be installed in the new BAHRAIN PETROLEUM
COMPANY MODERNIZATION PROGRAM Project.
This study will be done based on risk analysis procedure established in the IEC 62305.
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
IEC 62305-1 Protection against lightning – General principles
IEC 62305-2 Protection against lightning – Risk management

Protection against lightning – Physical damage to structures and life
IEC 62305-3
hazard
Protection against lightning – Electrical and electronic systems
IEC 62305-4
within structures
IEC 60038 Standard Voltages
Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and
API RP 2003
Stray Currents
3. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM STUDY REPORT
3.1 Substation (356SSTR01) Buildings

A risk management study will be done for Substation building (356SSTR01).
The Air Rods, Mesh Size and number of down conductors, it is required by this study, can
be checked on Lightning Layout.
4. RESULTS
The purpose of this section is to resume in a table the results of lightning protection study for
356SSTR01.
Tolerable Calculated Cal Val. >

Building Risk LPS
Value Value Tolerance Value
Substation
R1 10-5 5.43x10-3 Yes Required
356SSTR01

5. ANNEXES
5.1 ANNEX A. Risk Management Study

In order to make the risk management study, the IEC 62305-2 was used.
The following table below was extracted from IEC 62305-2 which summarizes the risks
that need to be calculated in order to complete the risk management study. The next part
of this document describes how these calculations had been made.
Where:
• ND Dangerous occurrences:
ND = Ng x Ad x CD x 10-6
• NG lighting ground flash density.
NG = 0.1 x Td = 0.1 x 7.8 = 0.78
Td Number of storm days per year, can be obtained from the world thunder day map shown
below. For this project a value of 7.8 thunderstorms has been chosen. Refer to attachment -
6.1.

 Ad/b Catchment of the insulated surface (m2). Should be calculated as is shown in the
following drawing extracted from the standard.
For Substation 356SSRT01 the collection area Ad has been made by the
following equation:
H = 9.4 m W = 21.1 m L = 61.3 m
Ad = L x W + 2 x (3 x H) x (L + W) + π x (3 x H)2
Ad = 1293.43 + 4647.36 + 2498.32
Ad = 8439.11

For Substation 356SSTR01, the CD location factor is selected at 1.0 from Appendix Table A.1
Therefore, Dangerous occurrences factor is calculated according the following equation:
ND = 0.78 x 8439.11 x 1.0 x 10-6
ND = 6.58 x 10-3
RA is the risk of causing damage to living beings because of lightning over structures, it can
be calculated as:
RA = ND x PA x LA
Where:
 PA Probability of shock to living beings due to touch and step voltage by a
lightning flash to the structure is:
PA = PTA x PB
Where:
 PTA value selected is 1 from Appendix Table B.1.
 PB value selected is 1 from Appendix Table B.2
Using PB = 1.0 and PTA = 1.0,

PA = 1.0 x 1.0 = 1.0
Ground type reduction factor rt is selected at 10-2.
The typical mean relative numbers of victims injured by electric shock (D1) due to the dangerous
event or Lt, the value taken was 10-2 for all types of structures as per Appendix Table C.2
Where:
tz = is the time in hours per year for which the persons are present in the zone = 1900
𝑛𝑧 𝑡𝑧 3 1900
𝐿𝐴=𝐿𝑇 𝑥 𝑟𝑡 𝑥 𝑥 = 10−2 𝑥 10−2 𝑥 𝑥 = 2.17 𝑥 10−5
𝑛𝑡 8760 3 8760
Hence, RA can be calculated as:
RA = ND x PA x LA
RA = 6.58 x 10-3 x 1.0 x 2.17 x 10-5
RA = 1.428 x 10-7

RB is the risk of physical damage because of discharges over the structure. It should be
calculated as follows:
RB = ND x PB x LB
LB = rp x rf x hz x LF x (nZ/nt) x (tZ/8760)
Where:
 Probability that a discharge over the structure causes physical damage (PB).
the value taken for PB is 1.0 as per Appendix Table B.2.
 Reduction factor from fire effects (rp), the selected value take is 0.2 from Appendix
Table C.4.
 Reduction factor for fire risk (rf). the selected value take is 10-1 from Appendix
Table C.5.
 Amplifier factor because of physical damage (hz). The selected value is 1 from
Appendix Table C.6.
 The loses caused by physical damage (LF). The selected value is 10-1 from
Appendix Table C.2
As already defined and taken from the same Annex C:

nz = is the number of persons in the zone = 3
nt = is the total number of persons in the structure = 3
tz = is the time in hours per year for which the persons are present
in the zone = 1900
Therefore, RB for this example is calculated with the values shown below.
𝑛𝑧 𝑡𝑧 3 1900
𝐿𝐵 = 𝑟𝑝 𝑥 𝑟𝑓 𝑥 ℎ𝑧 𝑥 𝐿𝐹 𝑥 𝑥 = 0.2 𝑥 10−1 𝑥 1 𝑥 10−1 𝑥 𝑥 = 4.34 𝑥 10−4
𝑛𝑡 8760 3 8760
Hence, RB can be calculated as:
RB = ND x PB x LB
RB = 6.58 x 10-3 x 1.0 x 4.34 x 10-4
RB = 2.86 x 10-6

RC is the risk of failure of electrical and electronic equipment caused by a discharge over the
structure, it should be calculated as follows:
RC = ND x PC x LC
Where:
 Probability that a flash over the structure causes damage over electrical or
electronic equipment (PC) is given by:
PC = PSPD x CLD
Where:
 PSPD value selected is 1 from Appendix Table B.3.
 CLD value selected is 1 from Appendix Table B.2
Using PSPD = 1.0 and CLD = 1.0,

PC = 1.0 x 1.0 = 1.0
 The Loses caused by damage done over electrical or electronic equipment (LO).
the selected value take is 10-1 from Appendix Table C.2.
 The Loses caused by damage done over electrical or electronic equipment (LC).
the selected value take is 10-1 from Appendix Table C.2.
𝑛𝑧 𝑡𝑧 3 1900
𝐿𝐶 = 𝐿𝑂 𝑥 𝑥 = 10−1 𝑥 𝑥 = 2.17 𝑥 10−2
𝑛𝑡 8760 3 8760
Therefore, RC for this example is calculated with the values shown below.
RC = ND x PC x LC
RC = 6.58 x 10-3 x 1.0 x 2.17 x 10-2
RC = 1.43 x 10-4

RM Is the risk of failure of electric or electronic devices caused by a discharge near the
structure, it should be calculated as follow:
RM = NM x PM x LM
Where:
 NM Number of dangerous occurrences because of discharges near the
structure, shall be calculated as follows.
NM = NG x AM x 10-6
Where:
 AM shall be calculated following the figure below.
AM = 2 x 500 x (L + W) + π x 5002 = 8.68 x 105
 All the other factors were calculated before so NM can be calculated as follows.
NM = 0.78 x 8.68 x 105 x 10-6 = 0.677
 The probability of failure of internal devices because of a discharge near the

structure (PM). Shall be obtained from the following equation:
PM = PSPD x PMS
PSPD was previously assume to be 1.0 from Appendix Table B.3.
PMS = KMS = (KS1 x KS2 x KS3 x KS4)2
Where: KMS should be calculated with the following formula:
KMS = KS1 x KS2 x KS3 x KS4
Where:
KS1 is the shielding effectiveness of the structure, LPS or other shields at

the boundaries LPZ 0/1;

KS2 is the shielding effectiveness of internal shields of the structure at the

boundaries LPZ X/Y (X > 0, Y > 1);
KS1 = 0.12 x WM1; KS2 = 0.12 x WM2

Where: W M1 (m) and W M2 (m) are the mesh widths of grid-
like spatial shields, we assume 5 m for both.
KS1 = KS2 = 0.6
KS3 stands for the properties of the internal cabling. From Appendix Table
B.25, the value taken is 1.0
KS3 = 1.0
KS4 is the rated impulse withstand voltage of the system to be protected.

The factor KS4 = 1/ Uw where Uw is the rated impulse withstand voltage
of system to be protected, in kV, it is assume the value of 1 for UW
KS4 = 1.0
Therefore, PMS for this example is calculated with the values shown below.
PMS = KMS = (0.6 x 0.6 x 1 x 1)2 = 0.1296

Hence,
PM = PSPD x PMS = 1 x 0.1296 = 0.1296
As indicated in Appendix Table C.7, LM = LC, and from be previous calculation LC is 2,17 x 10-2
LM = LC = 2.17 x 10-2
Hence, RM for this example is calculated as shown below.
RM = NM x PM x LM
RM = 0.677 x 0.1296 x 2.17 x 10-2
RM = 1.90 x 10-3
In the summary table shown at the beginning of the study, the following risk are indicated, RU,
RV, RW, RZ. In this particular case these risks are zero because all the services between
buildings are completely buried, so according to the standard the equivalent surface is null,
what makes zero all the risk related to discharges over services or near services.
With all these parameters calculated, the following risks can be calculated:
 R1 Human life loss risk.
R1 = RA + RB + RC + RM

R1 = 1.43 x 10-7 + 2.86 x 10-6 + 1.43 x 10-4 + 1.90 x 10-3
R1 = 2.05 x 10-3
Because one of the evaluated risks R1 is above to its corresponding tolerance value, a Lightning
Protection System shall be installed for this building.
Tolerable
Risk Risk Type Calculated Value Cal Val. > Tol.Val. LPS
Value
Loss of human
R1 10-5 2.05 x 10-3 Yes Required
life
6. APPENDICES
The following tables are related to the parameters and factors that characterize the structure to be
protected as well the lines connected to it.
A.1 Relative location of the Structure, CD
Table A.1
Relative location CD
Structure surrounded by higher objects 0.25
Structure surrounded by objects of the same height or
smaller 0.50
Isolated structure: no other objects in the vicinity 1
Isolated structure on a hilltop or a knoll 2
B.1 Values of probability PTA that a flash to a structure will cause shock to living
beings due to dangerous touch and step voltages
Table B.1
Additional Protection Measure PTA
No protection measures 1
Warning notices 10-1
Electrical insulation (e.g. at least 3 mm cross-linked polyethylene)
10-2
of exposed parts (e.g. down-conductors)
Effective soil equipotentialization 10-2
Physical restrictions or building framework used as a down-
0
conductor system
B.2 Values of probability PB depending on the protection measures to reduce physical

damage
Table B.2
Characteristics of Structure Class of LPS PB
Structure not protected by LPS - 1
Structure protected by LPS IV 0.2

III 0.1
II 0.05
I 0.02
Structure with an air-termination system conforming to LPS I and a
continuous metal or reinforced concrete framework acting as a 0.01
natural down-conductor system
Structure with a metal roof and an air-termination system, possibly
including natural components, with complete protection of any roof
installations against direct lightning strikes and a continuous metal 0.001
or reinforced concrete framework acting as a natural down-
conductor system
B.3 Probability of damage PSPD describing the protection measure “coordinated surge
protection” depending on the lightning protection level (LPL)
Table B.3
LPL PSPD
No coordinated SPD system 1
III – IV 0.05
II 0.02
I 0.01
Surge protective devices with better protection characteristics
than required for LPL I (higher lightning current carrying 0.05 – 0.001
capability, lower voltage protection level, etc.)
B.4 Values of factors CLD and CLI depending on shielding, earthing and insulation
Conditions
Table B.4
Type of external line Connection at entrance CLD CLI
Unshielded overhead line Undefined 1 1
Unshielded buried line Undefined 1 1
Power line with multi- None 1 0.2
grounded neutral conductor
Shields not bonded to the same
Shielded buried line (power equipotential bonding bar as 1 0.3
or telecommunication line) equipment

Shielded overhead line Shields not bonded to the same

(power or telecommunication equipotential bonding bar as 1 0.1
line) equipment
Shields bonded to the same

Shielded buried line (power equipotential bonding bar as 1 0
or telecommunication line) equipment
Shielded overhead line Shields bonded to the same

(power or telecommunication equipotential bonding bar as 1 0
line) equipment
Lightning protection cable or Shields bonded to the same

wiring in lightning protection equipotential bonding bar as 0 0
cable ducts, metallic conduit equipment
or metallic tubes
No connection to external lines
(No external line) (stand-alone systems) 0 0
Isolating interfaces acc. to IEC

Any type 62305-4 (EN 62305-4) 0 0
B.5 Value of the factor KS3 depending on internal wiring

Table B.5
Type of internal wiring KS3
Unshielded cable – no routing precaution in order to avoid loops (loops
formed by conductors with different routing in large buildings, meaning 1
a loop surface of about 50 m2)
Unshielded cable – routing precaution in order to avoid large loops
(loops formed by conductors routed in the same installation tube or
0.2
loops formed by conductors with different installation paths in small
buildings, meaning a loop surface of about 10 m2)
Unshielded cable – routing precaution in order to avoid loops (loops
formed by conductors routed in the same cable, meaning a loop 0.01
surface of about 0.5 m2)
Shielded cables and cables running in metal conduits (the cable shields
and metal conduits are connected to the equipotential bonding bar on 0.0001
both ends and equipment is connected to the same bonding bar)
C.2 Type of loss L1: Typical mean values of LT, LF and LO

Table C.1
Type of damage Typical loss value Type of structure
D1
LT 10-2 All types
Injuries
10-1 Risk of explosion
D2
LF 10-1 Hospital, hotel, school, civic building
physical damage -2
5x10 Public entertainment, church,
museum
-2
2x10 Industrial, commercial
10-2 Others
D3
Intensive care unit and operation
failure of internal LO 10-2
block of hospital
systems
10-3 Other parts of hospital
C.2 Type of loss L1: Typical mean values of LT, LF and LO
Table C.2
Type of damage Typical loss value Type of structure
D1 All types
LT 10-2
Injuries
10-1 Hospital, hotel, school, civic building
Public entertainment, church,

D2 physical damage LF 5x10-2 museum
2x10-2 Industrial, commercial
10-2 Others
D3 failure of internal Intensive care unit and operation

LO 10-2 block of hospital
systems
10-3 Other parts of hospital
C.3 Reduction factor rt as a function of the type of surface of soil or floor
Table C.3
Type of surface Contact resistance, kΩ rt
Agricultural, concrete ≤1 10-2
Marble, ceramic 1 – 10 10-3
Gravel, moquette, carpets 10 - 100 10-4
Asphalt, linoleum, wood ≥ 100 10-5

C.4 Reduction factor rp as a function of provisions taken to reduce the consequences

Of fire
Table C.4
Provisions rp
No provisions 1
One of the following provisions: extinguishers; fixed
manually operated extinguishing installations; 0.5
manual alarm installations; hydrants; fire
compartments; escape routes
One of the following provisions: fixed automatically
operated extinguishing installations; automatic 0.2
(a)
alarm installations
(a) Only if protected against over voltages and other damages and if firemen
can arrive in less than 10 min.
C.5 Reduction factor rf as a function of risk of fire or explosion of structure
Table C.5
Risk Amount of risk rf
Zones 0, 20 and solid explosive 1
Explosion Zones 1, 21 10-1
Zones 2, 22 10-3
High 10-1
Fire Ordinary 10-2
Low 10-3
Explosion or fire None 0
C.6 Factor hz increasing the relative amount of loss in presence of a special hazard
Table C.6
Kind of special hazard hz
No special hazard 1
Low level of panic (e.g. a structure limited to two floors and the
2
number of persons not greater than 100)
Average level of panic (e.g. structures designed for cultural or sport
events with a number of participants between 100 and 1 000 5
persons)
Difficulty of evacuation (e.g. structures with immobile persons,
5
hospitals)

High level of panic (e.g. structures designed for cultural or sport

10
events with a number of participants – greater than 1 000 persons)
7. ATTACHMENTS
7.1 Thunderstorm per year (http://www.bahrainweather.gov.bh/web/guest/climate)

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BAPCO MODERNIZATION PROGRAM

LIGHTNING PROTECTION CALCULATION (356SSTR01)

BAPCO Document No: 356-R-CAL-42003-001 Rev: A

BAPCO Document No. Page 1 of 16

BAPCO Document No. Page 2 of 16

IEC 62305-1 Protection against lightning – General principles

IEC 62305-2 Protection against lightning – Risk management

3. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM STUDY REPORT

3.1 Substation (356SSTR01) Buildings

Tolerable Calculated Cal Val. >

BAPCO Document No. Page 3 of 16

5.1 ANNEX A. Risk Management Study

• NG lighting ground flash density.

NG = 0.1 x Td = 0.1 x 7.8 = 0.78

BAPCO Document No. Page 4 of 16

H = 9.4 m W = 21.1 m L = 61.3 m

Ad = 1293.43 + 4647.36 + 2498.32

BAPCO Document No. Page 5 of 16

Therefore, Dangerous occurrences factor is calculated according the following equation:

ND = 0.78 x 8439.11 x 1.0 x 10-6

Using PB = 1.0 and PTA = 1.0,

Ground type reduction factor rt is selected at 10-2.

Hence, RA can be calculated as:

BAPCO Document No. Page 6 of 16

As already defined and taken from the same Annex C:

Hence, RB can be calculated as:

BAPCO Document No. Page 7 of 16

Using PSPD = 1.0 and CLD = 1.0,

BAPCO Document No. Page 8 of 16

AM = 2 x 500 x (L + W) + π x 5002 = 8.68 x 105

NM = 0.78 x 8.68 x 105 x 10-6 = 0.677

 The probability of failure of internal devices because of a discharge near the

PSPD was previously assume to be 1.0 from Appendix Table B.3.

PMS = KMS = (KS1 x KS2 x KS3 x KS4)2

Where: KMS should be calculated with the following formula:

KMS = KS1 x KS2 x KS3 x KS4

KS1 is the shielding effectiveness of the structure, LPS or other shields at

BAPCO Document No. Page 9 of 16

KS2 is the shielding effectiveness of internal shields of the structure at the

KS1 = 0.12 x WM1; KS2 = 0.12 x WM2

KS1 = KS2 = 0.6

KS4 is the rated impulse withstand voltage of the system to be protected.

PMS = KMS = (0.6 x 0.6 x 1 x 1)2 = 0.1296

Hence, RM for this example is calculated as shown below.

 R1 Human life loss risk.

BAPCO Document No. Page 10 of 16

R1 = 1.43 x 10-7 + 2.86 x 10-6 + 1.43 x 10-4 + 1.90 x 10-3

B.2 Values of probability PB depending on the protection measures to reduce physical

Structure protected by LPS IV 0.2

BAPCO Document No. Page 12 of 16

Shielded overhead line Shields not bonded to the same

Shields bonded to the same

Shielded overhead line Shields bonded to the same

Lightning protection cable or Shields bonded to the same

Isolating interfaces acc. to IEC

B.5 Value of the factor KS3 depending on internal wiring

C.2 Type of loss L1: Typical mean values of LT, LF and LO

C.2 Type of loss L1: Typical mean values of LT, LF and LO

10-1 Hospital, hotel, school, civic building

Public entertainment, church,

2x10-2 Industrial, commercial

10-1 Risk of explosion