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TLE-AFA Agri-Crop Production

Quarter 4– Module 5:
Tools and Equipment Maintenance

NegOr_Q4_AgriCropProd10_Module5_v2
TLE – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4– Module 5: Tools and Equipment Maintenance
Second Edition, 2021

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represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Aiza M. Abingayan
Editors: Eva May L. Baguio, April Marie G. Zerna
Reviewer: Jonathan L. Bayaton
Tyepsetter: Eva May L. Baguio
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Joelyza M. Arcilla EdD Maricel S. Rasid
Marcelo K. Palispis EdD Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay EdD
Antonio B. Baguio EdD

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home.
Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons
in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing
this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering
the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Agricultural Crop Production. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

What I Know

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, otherwise FALSE

if it is wrong.

_____1. Companies hold several assets, both high and low in value.
If you choose a single restorative plan, you might end up spending
a lot more on an asset than what its actually worth.
_____2. To filter out items which can be easily replaced instead of
getting repaired, a company should run several types of repair and
service events.
_____3. When setting up a maintenance plan, companies are likely
to focus on major breakdown issues whilst ignoring smaller
problems.
_____4. Once you have a well-grounded inventory list, you need to
determine how frequently you should service the assets.
_____5. For seamless daily operation, you need to categorize high,
medium and low-priority repair tasks. Service sessions can take a
lot of time so you need to choose your battles wisely.

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Lesson
Tools and Equipment
1 Maintenance

All tools, equipment, and vehicles must be properly maintained so that

workers are not endangered. Construction regulations require inspections of
vehicles, tools, machines, and equipment before use.

Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools,

equipment, machines, and vehicles in order to keep them in a safe, usable
condition, that limits downtime and extends productivity. We must always be
aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and can
result in injury. The successful maintenance program is:

• well organized and scheduled

• controls hazards
• defines operational procedures
• trains key personnel

The degree of detail to include in your company's program regarding

equipment maintenance will depend on the kinds of tools/equipment used.
Some construction equipment (e.g., cranes) have very specific inspection and
maintenance requirements. Mobile heavy equipment (dozers, loaders,
scrapers, etc.) may have different maintenance requirements. Passenger
vehicles (company trucks, cars, and vans) may require only basic
maintenance. Power tools should be maintained in good working order. This
may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits are replaced when needed and
that guards or other safety devices are operable and any damaged electrical
cords/plugs are repaired or replaced. Damaged or defective equipment/tools
should be tagged and removed from service.

Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment.

Large companies with a fleet of vehicles/equipment typically have a
comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital investment and/or
leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and
maintenance services may be included in the leasing agreement.

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 What’s In

Directions: Answer the following guide questions in your activity notebook.

1. What is tools and equipment maintenance?

2. How to identify manufacturers maintenance?

What’s New

Direction: Write at least five (5) types of preventive maintenance practices that
you know. Write it in your activity notebook.

1. ______________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________

What Is It

The main aim of prompt equipment maintenance revolves around maintaining

top functionality and minimizing breakdowns. Maintenance

management of mechanical equipment includes repair, replacement and

servicing of tools. It ensures their operational viability and prevents
fluctuations in the production process.

The evolving nature of many industries is calling out for better equipment
maintenance practices. In today’s age, even a minor downtime can lower the
overall efficiency of machines and lead to major production losses.

Thus, it’s critical for organizations to design a robust maintenance strategy.

Failure to do so can result in the following consequences:
• Loss in production and resources
• Possibility of project subcontracting
• Rescheduling of entire projects

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 • Material wastage from unused resources
• Overtime labor due to unexpected downtime
• Early disposal of machinery and equipment

But there is a way out! You can avoid these shortcomings by laying down a
few basic objectives for your equipment maintenance program.
• Set internal quality and usage standards: This helps the staff to
streamline maintenance based on the asset type, so that assets are
operated in the right manner and there are less chances of misuse and
downtime.
• Develop consultation practice: Carry out any rigorous repairs only after
proper consultation from the concerned department. This helps in
laying out a proper schedule for maintenance projects and determines
whether there is a need for subcontracting.
• Document all such activities thoroughly: This will allow you to track
repair history and calculate depreciation for timely disposal. An online
system that instinctively updates asset records is essential for this.
• Stick to deadlines: To complete daily tasks within deadlines, adhere to
your maintenance plan. Completing tasks also minimizes any waste of
repair resources.

Setting up the aforementioned objectives can greatly cut large-scale

replacement costs and generate higher revenues by raising total productivity.

Different Types of Equipment Maintenance Practices

Companies hold several assets, both high and low in value. If you choose a
single restorative plan, you might end up spending a lot more on an asset
than what its actually worth.

To filter out items which can be easily replaced instead of getting repaired, a
company should run several types of repair and service events. Different
organizational workflows need different types of maintenance:

1. Planned maintenance

It refers to scheduled maintenance to cope with equipment failures before

they actually occur. It can be further broken down into
preventive and predictive maintenance.

• Preventive maintenance is carried out at predetermined intervals by

following a prescribed criterion. It is time-driven and based on the
assumption that usability of a mechanical component will decline over
its useful life-cycle. It includes activities like regular equipment
inspection, partial or complete overhauls, oil changes and lubrication
etc.
• Predictive maintenance is different from preventive maintenance such
that it depends on the working condition of the machinery rather than
its average life expectancy. It requires monitoring equipment during its

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 normal operations to see if it’s working at its best. Some companies use
periodic vibration analysis to continuously monitor high value assets
and simply check them in for maintenance when their vibration
fluctuates.

2. Corrective maintenance

This type of maintenance restores any failed pieces of equipment. It is typically

performed at irregular intervals since technicians don’t know when a certain
machine will break down. The main aim here is to fix a problem in the
shortest possible time using three steps: diagnosis, repair and
verification.

3. Routine maintenance

Not dependent on any broken parts or downtime, it includes some necessary

activities such as cleaning, lubricating and replacing batteries on small-scale
assets or equipment. This is generally performed on a weekly basis.

Steps of a Maintenance Program

When setting up a maintenance plan, companies are likely to focus on major

breakdown issues whilst ignoring smaller problems. This isn’t advisable in
the long-term. Even the least harmful problem areas can eventually lead to
production errors, asset damage and injuries at work if not resolved in time.

Here are a few simple steps you can follow to help you design a proactive
maintenance routine:

1. Create a team

First, you need to create the right maintenance team. Recruit maintenance
managers, technicians and relevant people from the operations department.
Then lay down the goals you want your team to achieve. These might include
minimizing corrective repair costs and reducing downtime of the equipment.
Motivate your team members to make the maintenance program a success!

2. Record your equipment

Documenting your assets is necessary. You need to have an accurate asset

count in order to know how many require maintenance. Add asset information
like make/model, manufacturer ID, asset specification, and location. It is easy
to update prerecorded data, and it also allows you to prioritize maintenance
activities.

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 3. Establish maintenance procedures

Once you have a well-grounded inventory list, you need to determine how
frequently you should service the assets. This can be done on a weekly,
monthly, quarterly or a semi-annual basis depending on the item type.
Additionally, you need to outline the procedures for repair including the
standard operating and repair guidelines or safety measures. Finally, prepare
a list of internal or outsourced maintenance tools that you need.

4. Prioritize maintenance tasks

For seamless daily operation, you need to categorize high, medium and low-
priority repair tasks. Service sessions can take a lot of time so you need to
choose your battles wisely. Start off with high value equipment and begin
scheduling maintenance tasks with longer intervals first (annual then bi-
annual) as they take up the most time and resources. You can then focus on
low-priority items that require less effort.

5. Train your team

Developing and implementing a maintenance system is a lengthy process and

proper adoption of the program is key! To optimize their management strategy,
companies should devise training schedules so that their team knows exactly
how to deploy repair practices within different departments. Optimal use of
the restorative plan will eventually lead you to higher return on investment.

6. Seek improvements

Businesses evolve along with their assets over time. Due to this constant
transition, it is important to analyze progress for future growth.

You might notice that some equipment gets checked-in for maintenance more
often than others. This can be concerning if the repair and replacement costs
of the item exceed its actual worth. To tackle such

incidents, assess your maintenance plan after regular intervals, and make
any changes as necessary.

Implement Best Practices of Equipment Maintenance

The most important factor to consider while implementing a restorative

strategy is to adjust it as your assets evolve. Over time, some equipment
becomes obsolete while some shows a higher usage demand. To deal with
these fluctuations in resource utilization, it is helpful to outline some basic
guidelines.

Here are a few best practices which can raise efficiency levels for your
maintenance program:

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 1. Gather baseline information

After collecting all necessary data on your capital assets, you can estimate the
approximate equipment usage. Before you start off checking-in assets for
repair, it is important to assess the scale of the challenge.

Collect information for machine downtime, average time between failures,

replacement cost of parts, and response time of technicians etc. The aim is
to calculate the average cost of one hour of downtime and then use this
statistic to design a viable maintenance strategy.

2. Choose an appropriate support system

Companies can opt for either a manual or a computerized system when it

comes to picking an equipment maintenance software. A software might seem
costly as it needs some upfront investment involving subscription fees, but it
comes along with many benefits.

Equipment maintenance software allows you to mass import asset data on to

a cloud-based platform. You can schedule each item for recurring service
periods. This automates repair reminders and makes items unavailable for
check-out to your employees.

In comparison to a manual maintenance system, an online system has quick

response time and easy access to all asset information, in turn, reducing
average downtime duration.

3. Put Together Maintenance Checklists

Carrying out service and repair sessions means scheduling service tickets to
reduce the impact of downtime. A maintenance strategy should be well
defined and reviewed on a regular basis. To ensure the correct implementation
of the program, it helps to have service events listed down.
You can also develop a preventive maintenance checklist to monitor repairs
and adjustments without missing out on critical assets.
Generally, organizations write down checklists for the following activities:

• Lighting
• Electrical
• Safety
• HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning)
• Buildings
• Fixtures and furniture
• Plumbing

During every service event, technicians can check off points from the checklist
that were covered. If any equipment requires extra maintenance, then it can
be scheduled on notice.

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 4. Develop Consistency in Inspection

An excellent maintenance program might not produce the right outcome if

you slack off in following it. It is quite possible for technicians to miss out on
certain repair events in case of tight deadlines.

While it becomes tough to follow the inspection strategy in an ongoing project,

make sure that you do not skip the routine completely. In such situations,
track records to ensure there are no discrepancies. To speed up processes,
you can switch to electronic monitoring which takes up less time than paper
logs.

5. Send out Custom Reminders

Organizations working with various types of assets often find it hard to keep
track of their last maintenance session. Employees might forget the timeline
and even end up using faulty equipment which could lead to safety hazards.
To prevent such incidents, maintain a service log which allows you to send
out email alerts. With the ability to customize notifications as per
requirements, you can remind the concerned department about the schedule.
This way, you can ensure a seamless inspection routine.

Enhance your Production Efficiency with a Well-grounded Maintenance

Strategy

A robust maintenance strategy can boost your production efficiency by

optimizing equipment usage. To achieve this, you need to periodically track
progress and make necessary amendments. There are two kinds of key
performance indicators which companies can track for monitoring the
effectiveness of their equipment maintenance strategy.

• Estimated versus actual performance and compliance;

• Past events such as mean time to repair, overall equipment
effectiveness and mean time between failure.

By documenting these metrics, you can generate valuable insights which can
signal future business growth. Actionable reports help dictate movement in
the right direction and tackle any maintenance challenges along the way. This
not only reduces your costs but drives you to achieve maximum operational
efficiency.

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 What’s More

Direction: Identify the following practices in tools and equipment

maintenance. Choose the best answer below and write your answers in your
activity notebook.

Create a team Establish maintenance procedures

Prioritize maintenance tasks Train your team
Record your equipment Seek Improvements

_____1. Developing and implementing a maintenance system is a lengthy

process and proper adoption of the program is key! To optimize their
management strategy, companies should devise training schedules so that
their team knows exactly how to deploy repair practices within different
departments.

_____2. This can be done on a weekly, monthly, quarterly or a semi-annual

basis depending on the item type.

_____3. You need to have an accurate asset count in order to know how many
require maintenance. Add asset information like make/model, manufacturer
ID, asset specification, and location.

_____4. Service sessions can take a lot of time so you need to choose your
battles wisely.

_____5. Recruit maintenance managers, technicians and relevant people from

the operations department. Then lay down the goals you want your team to
achieve.

What I Have Learned

Write your personal insight of what you have learned from the lesson. Answer
the question below. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

Give at least 3 benefits of tools and equipment maintenance.

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 What I Can Do

Direction: Answer the questions below and write this in your activity
notebook.

Question: What is the importance of wastewater management?

Assessment

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is

wrong. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

_____1. Not dependent on any broken parts or downtime, it includes

some necessary activities such as cleaning, lubricating and
replacing batteries on small-scale assets or equipment. This is
generally performed on a weekly basis.

_____2. When setting up a maintenance plan, companies are likely

to focus on major breakdown issues whilst ignoring smaller
problems.

_____3. The main aim here is to fix a problem in the shortest

possible time using three steps: diagnosis, repair and verification.

_____4. For seamless daily operation, you don’t need to categorize

high, medium and low-priority repair tasks.

_____5. Carry out any rigorous repairs only after proper

consultation from the concerned department

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 Answer Key

References
2019. OfficeInventory. January 22. Accessed March 7, 2022.
https://blog.ezofficeinventory.com/equipment-maintenance-best-practices/.
Sivaranjith. 2019. AutomationForum.co. February 14. Accessed March 7, 2022.
https://automationforum.co/what-is-maintenance-types-of-maintenance/.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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