HLTH1004

Human Bioscience

Blood Pressure

Grant Gallagher – Intensive Care Paramedic

 Learning Outcomes

BP = CO x PVR

CO = HR x SV

SV = EDV - ESV
Cardiovascular system
Goal of CVS:
perfusion
Deliver oxygen and nutrients, then
remove waste

Sympathetic Nervous System

• Increase heart rate
• Increase force of contraction
• Increase conduction of
electrical impulses
• Vasoconstrict – divert blood
towards vital organs
• Fluid retention (kidneys)
BP = CO x PVR
 Blood pressure
(BP)
Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure

Normal = 120/80

Systole = contraction (ejecting)

Diastole = relaxation (filling)
Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)

• Diameter of the vessels

• Vasoconstriction vs. vasodilation
• Atherosclerosis (hypertension)
 Cardiac output

Volume (SV) Heart Rate (HR)

Increase volume: Increase heart rate:
• Retain fluid (kidneys) • SA node increase rate
• Oral replacement
• IV fluids or blood product
 Heart Rate
(HR)
Pressure receptors
(baroreceptors) will activate the
ANS if blood pressure is too high
or too low
SV = EDV - ESV
 SV
STROKE VOLUME

The volume of blood that is

ejected out of the ventricle in
EACH contraction
 EDV
END DIASTOLIC VOLUME

The volume of blood within the

ventricles at the end of filling
(diastole)
 ESV
END SYSTOLIC VOLUME

The volume of blood left within the

ventricles after contraction
(systole)
 CASE STUDY
Stress response
Move more oxygen into the lungs, then
move it into the blood, then move it
around the body FASTER

Sympathetic NS
– Inotropic effects
– Chronotropic effects
– Dromotropic effects
– Vasoconstriction

Parasympathetic NS
– Reduce SNS cardiac activity
– Reduce sympathetic “tone” on vessels
 CASE STUDY
HR = 95 (chronotropic effects)

Blood pressure = 155/80 (increased CO x PVR)

Skin = pale & sweaty (vasoconstriction)

After 20mg of morphine and 1hr to relax I

become hypotensive – WHY?
 CASE STUDY

CO = SV x HR?
Questions?