[PrepLadder LIST OF IMPORTANT TOPICS FOR MEDICAL PG Prepared by PG Toppers & Subject SpecialistsTHE DREAM TEAM With decades of experience in their field they're considered the best faculties and authors of their subject. All of them coming together is only a dream come true. PRE CLINICAL SUBJECTS » De. Vivek Jain__Or. Rajesh AMD r.3 Magendren__Dr. Sonu Panwor Forensic Medicine Microbiology CLINICAL SUBJECTS 2A AG Dr Deepak Marwah _Dr. Pritesh Singh _Dr. Apurv Mera Medicine ‘Surgery ~ Orthopedics tral nae, Di saat ay De sang moe Dr: Sparsh up Pathology Pediatric ‘Ophthamoloay Dr. Manish Soni_ Dr. Praveen Tripathi Dr Khaleel Ahmed _r. Swati Singh _ Dermatology Psychiatry Radiology ‘Anaesthes— —ANATOMY— ‘* Cranial Nerves And Nuclei, esp. Optic nerve pathway— Most important for NIMHANS. ‘* Brachial Plexus: Branches and Palsies ‘* Root Values And Dermatomes of UL & LL Arteries and branches: Subclavian artery, Axillary artery, Internal iliac Nerve Supply of Perineum, Ear, Eye Relations of Lesser Sac, Parotid gland Peritoneal anatomy Embryology: ‘* Derivatives Of Dierent Germ Layers, particularly Neural Crest ‘* Branchial Arch, CleG Derivatives ‘+ Spermato/Oogenesis, Mitosis, Meiosis Osteology: ‘* Types Of Joints With Examples ‘+ Ossification Centers, particularly ones present at birth ‘* Knee Join Ligaments; learn with orthopedics (injuries) Neuroanatomy: ‘+ Cavernous Sinus Boundaries/Structures Passing through it, Tributaries Blood Supply Brainstem Sections Ventricle Boundaries Perineum: Urethra (Study with Urethral trauma) Rectum Anal Canal anatomy Spermatic Cord contents Reproductive System derivatives (with embryology) Histology: += List Of Epithelium Lining Of Various Regions Thorax: ‘+ Heart Arterial anatomy ‘+ Diaphragm with embryology ‘+ Bronchovascular Segments of lung ‘© Lung hilum—BIOCHEMISTRY— Most important: Cycles Multiple revisions must be given; to be studied with pediatrics inborn errors of, metabolism; understand the step of defect of various disorders with absent enzyme and resultant substrate accumulation resulting in disease Metabolism: + Glycolysis + Gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle ETC Glycogen Metabolism Fatty acid synthesis and Oxidation Purine and pyrimidine metabolism Lipoproteins Carbohydrate isomerism + Energetics of all pathways + GLUTS + Ubiquitine proteasome pathway + Polarity of amino acids + 2st amino acid Genetics: To be done with Pathology and genetic disorders of Pediatrics ‘*Karyotyping PCR and types, esp. RT-PCR = FISH ‘+ Microarray, CGH ‘= Epigenetics + Flow cytometry Vitamins and essential fatty acids: Function, Deficiency Protein Structure, Collagen Structure DNA replication, transcription, translation Enzymes: Classification, Kinetics, Isozymes— PHYSIOLOGY — General Physiology ~ Body fluid compartments, cell membrane composition, trans- port processes Nerve Muscle - Classification of nerve fibers, injury to nerve fibers, sarcomere, changes during contraction, energy systems in muscle CVS - conducting system, cardiac cycle (events, JVP, PV loops), ECG, Cardiac output, blood pressure (Measurement, regulation including Baroreceptors), regional circulations (esp coronary, capillary), cardiorespiratory changes in exercise Respiratory system - Mechanics of breathing (surfactant, compliance, lung volumes & capacities, dead space), V/Q ratio, Gas transport (oxygen), Regulation of breathing (respiratory center, chemoreceptors), Hypoxi Kidney - JG apparatus, GFR (Starling’s forces), tubular functions , concentrated urine formation, micturition reflex, types of bladder, Acid-base physiology (buffer systems in the body) GIT - Structure (ENS, BER, reflexes), motility, secretions (saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, bile), GI hormones Endocrine and reproduction - Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreas (hormones and their disorders); Estrogen, testosterone, ovulation CNS - Introduction (synapse, NTs) Sensory system (receptors, ascending tracts, pain) Motor system (descending tracts, cerebellum , basal ganglia, LMN, muscle spindle), higher functions (hypothalamus, sleep & EEG, hemispheres, learning and memory) Special senses - Visual pathway, visual processes, organ of corti, Environmental Physiology - Temperature (exposure to heat and cold), high and low barometric pressures, energy balance._—MICROBIOLOGY— + Strep/Staph Classification ‘© Staph Toxins ‘+ Legionella: Case scenario ‘* Typhoid toxins ‘+ E.coli, Salmonella , Cholera, Pseudomonas : Lab tests, toxins ‘* Clostridium: Toxins ‘* Tuberculosis: Lab Ix most important ‘* Rickettsia, Syphilis, Leprosy + Leptospira, Brucella: Case based Qs Parasitolog + Malaria: Image based Qs, stages ‘+ Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Nematodes/Trematodes Transmission And Host = Toxoplasmosis + Cysticercosis-Esp. NCC stages ‘+ Haemoflagellates * Coccidian Parasites * Cestodes Virology: ‘= Classification of viruses ‘Influenza: ShiG vs Dri Hepatitis: Types, Hep B serology tests most important HIV: Opportunistic, AIDS—deterministic infections, Mx Herpes Group : Types and infections General Virology ‘+ Recent updates in Virology Mycolog + Classification Of Fungi Dermatophytes + Endemic Mycoses + Cryptococcus + Madura Mycosis: Case based, Radiology + Candida , occupational fungal diseases Immunity (To be done with Pathology): ‘+ Immunogiobins ‘* Immunodeficiency Disorders ‘+ Antigen , Antigen antibody reactions— PATHOLOGY PART - 1— Topic ‘SUB-TOPIC Cell injury ‘Patterns of irreversible cell injury, free radical injury and pigmentation Inflammation * Cellular events = Chemical mediators * Granulomatous inflammation * Genetic mechanism of carcinogenesis ‘* Tumour markers * Diagnostic techniques Hematology * Anaemia and iron profiles * Hemolytic anaemia * Bleeding disorders classification and diagnosis + Leukaemia and lymphomas Genetics © Mode of inheritance + Techniques for diagnosis of genetic disorders Respiratory system * Cancers Obstructive and restrictive lung diseases Immunity * General concepts * Auto immune diseases ‘= Immune deficiency diseases + amyloidosis GIT © Cancers + Malabsorption diseases cvs * Vasculitis «Ischemic heart disease Kidney ‘* Nephrotic & nephritic syndromes. * Cancers— PATHOLOGY PART - 2— Topic SUB-TOPIC Male and Female | + Cancers with histological findings Genital Tract CNS = Degenerative diseases * Cancers Liver * Hepatitis markers + Cirrhosis Endocrine * Thyroid disorders and histology + Diabetes Miscellaneous topics| + Images strictly to be revised from Robbins and Review of Pathology by Gobind Garg/ Sparsh Gupta— PHARMACOLOGY PART - 1— IMPORTANT TOPICS IN PHARMACOLOGY TOPIC MusT KNOW DESIRABLE TO KNOW GENERAL — [pH pXa, ionization ] First and zero order | Enzyme inhibition kinetics (competitive, Bioavailability TOM non-competitive and First pass Receptors types and] uncompetitive) metabolism examples Types of antagonists vd prc Pharmacovigilance PPB Pharmacogenetics | Evidence based medicine Prodrugs Clinical trials CyP substrates, | Drug labels inducers, inhibitors Metabolic reactions | Orphan drugs Formulas Essential drugs ANS ACHE inhibitors: Catecholamines Alpha blockers OP Poisoning table Rabbit practicals Glaucoma Beta blockers Sympathetic Anticholinergics receptors location AUTACOIDS | Antihistaminics DMARDs PGlactions PCM and aspirin Gout Other NSAIDs poisoning Migraine cvs Digoxin INC 8 guidelines for | Pulmonary hypertension New drugs for CHF | hypertension Antiarrhythmics Drugs decreasing | New antianginal _ | New hypolipidemic drugs mortality in CHF drugs: statins KIDNEY K sparing diuretics |- Free water clearance Vasopressin antagonists— PHARMACOLOGY PART - 2— IMPORTANT TOPICS IN PHARMACOLOGY TOPIC MUST KNOW DESIRABLE TO KNOW. ENDOCRINE | Oral hypociycemic | Osteoporosis “Antithyroid drugs agents SERM Adverse effect of steroids| Somatostatin | OcPs PRM GnRH agonist and_| mifepristone Anti-andragens antagonist New antidiabetic drugs ns Short acting BZD | Antipsychotic names| Newer hypnotic drugs Parkinsonism | and adverse effects | MAO inhibitors Antiepileptic drugs | SSRI and SNRI | Opioids TCA poisoning Multiple sclerosis: Lithium and mania ANAESTHESIA] Local anaesthetics | Colour coding of | Spinal anzesthesia mechanism and | cylinders Neurolept analgesia special points _| Pin index system SCh and NOMRs | Xenon MAC and Bld gas | Halothane pattition coefficient | Ketamine HEMATOLOGY | Anticoagulants _| Antiplatelets Tron deficiency anemia specially new Fibrinolytics Growth factors RESPIRATORY| Bronchodilators | DOC for different | Theophylline asthma types a Peptic ulcer Crohn's and Metaclopramide, Ulcerative colitis | domperidone 18S— PHARMACOLOGY PART - 3— IMPORTANT TOPICS IN PHARMACOLOGY TOPIC MUST KNOW DESIRABLE TO KNOW, ANTIMICRO- | Important points Mechanism of drug | Tetracyclines BIALS (Review of resistance Macrolides Pharmacology 12th | Beta lactams Cotrimoxazole edition) Aminoglycosides | Leprosy Tuberculosis with | Fluoroquinolones RNTCP Hiv Malaria Hepatitis C Antifungal ANTICANCER | CCS and Monoclonal 2 Non-specific drugs | antibodies General and Tyrosine kinase specific adverse | inhibitors effects of Newer anticancer anticancer drugs | drugs (Specially chemo-man cartoon) IMMUNOLOGY| Cyclosporine Monoclonal : Tacrolimus antibodies Thalidomide ‘SPECIAL New drugs Erectile dysfunction | TOPICS approved in last 12 | Anti-smoking drugs months (uses only) | Treatment of HIT Anti-obesity drugs | Treatment of hyperkalemia— FORENSIC PART - 1— IPCs (very Important) Relevant to medical practice Forensic Thanatology * Suspended animation + Eye changes, + Pattern of Algor mortis + Livor mortis & poisoning + Rules in Rigor mortis & distribution of rigor mortis + Colour Changes in Decomposition Autopsy + Techniques of organ dissection Human identification ‘* Race determination indicators fram bone & teeth + Sex determination of bones (skull & pelvis) + Indices for sex determination from bones ‘+ Dentition ~ Ages estimation methods + Other techniques for identification like dactylography, poroscopy, rugoscopy Asphyxial deaths ‘© PM findings in Hanging, Strangulation ‘= Hyoid fractures ++ Various terms (methods) in strangulation = Types of drowning ‘= PM findings in drowning (specific findings &non specific findings)— FORENSIC PART - 2— Forensic traumatology '* Ageing of abrasion, contusion * Laceral n, Stab injury ‘+ Hesitational, defence & fabricated injuries ‘= Skull fractures + Various types of gunpowder = Appearance of wound in different ranges. + Atypical bullets Forensic toxicology + Legal duties of a doctor in poisoning + Diagnosis of poisoning during autopsy (from hypostasis, smell, appearances of organs) + Metallic poisons (mercury, Lead & arsenic- most important) ‘Cardiac poisons + Delirients ‘Insecticide poisoning + Snake bite envenomation «= Plant irritants ‘+ Rape - examination of accused & victim Associated Legal sections * Various terms in sexual perversions ‘Tests for live birth— FORENSIC PART - 3— Forensic Psychiatry ‘+ Various rules for criminal responsibility of insane person Legal procedures & law | + Inquests ‘+ Powers of criminal courts ‘= Recording of evidence in the court of law & relevant sections ‘= Infamous conduct = Declarations + Various doctrines involved in medical negligence Blood stains & seminal stains— OPHTHALMOLOGY— ‘Diabetic retinopathy stages, images, Mx ‘*Retinal detachment “*ROP staging ‘*Retinitis pigmentosa Conjuctiva and cornea: ‘Trachoma Image, C/F, Elimination strategies Conjunctivitis Difference b/w etiologies ‘*Corneal Ulcer — Fungal, Viral, Acanthamoeba ‘Neuro ophthalmology: ‘*Optic pathway and its lesions ‘+ Eye Deviation In Cranial Nerve Palsies ‘*Horner Syndrome + Optic neuritis *Papilledema Procedures and surger *Enucleation/Exenteration, Evisceration : Indications =Keratoplasty ‘*Dark room procedures ‘Tonometry ‘*Direct/Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ‘*Macular Function Tests Visual Field Defects *£06 Glaucoma: Types ‘+ Management Of Glaucoma (To be done with Pharmacology) Tumor +*Retinoblastoma, Melanoma: Stages of RB, Mx Myopia, Hypermetropia Cataract: Causes, MxEar 1. Embryology of Ear 2. Anatomy of Middle Ear (especially posterior wall) 3. Pure tone Audiometry Interpretation 4, BERAY OAE interpretation and uses 5. Malignant Otitis Externa 6. Complications of CSOM 7. Otosclerosis 8. Meniere’s Disease 9. Vestibular Schwannoma 10. Hearing devices/ Implants such as Cochlear Implant, Auditory Brainstem Implant, BAHA 11. Noise Induced Hearing Loss 12. Ototoxicity Nose . Blood supply of Nasal Septum Allergic fungal Rhinosinusitis Ca Maxilla CSF Rhinorrhoea - Nasal Polyps . CT Scan of Nose and PNS Pharynx 1. Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma 2. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 3. Membranous Tonsillitis 4. Tonsillectomy Larynx . Muscles of Larynx Spaces in Laryn) . Vocal Folds Palsy |. Juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis 9. Carcinoma Larynx . Tracheostomy and Cricothyrotomy re-epiglottic space, paraglottic space, Reinke’s space.— PSM PART - 1— NEET/ NBE pattern AIMS Epidemiology Cohort-RR, Adv/ Disdv Retrospective/ Mixed cohort Case control-Odd's Ratio, Nested case contro! ‘Adv/ Disadv RCT RcT Clinical trials Meta-analysis Evidence Based medicine History of medicine | Theories of disease causation | - Names of Scientists Names of epidemiologists Health & Disease | PQLI/ HDI HPI/ Multidimensional poverty} Levels of prevention Icb-10 Vaccines & Cold | Types of epidemics AEFIs chain ‘Types of vaccines National schedule Contraindication Cold chain Screening of Sensitivity/ Specificity Validity/ Reliability disease Names of Screening tests _| Likelihood ratio Names of diagnostic tests | ROC curve Bayes’ theorem Communicable | Measles, Rubella, Influenza, | TB, HINA diseases TB Typhoid, Cholera, Cholera epidemic (ORS Hepatitis A/ E Hepatitis B HIV STDs/ HIV Melaria/ Dengue Malaria/ Dengue Rickettsial diseases— PSM PART - 2— NEET/ NBE pattern AIMS Non-communicable | Blindness Blindness diseases Obesity Cancers National health | RNTCP, NVBOCP, NLEP, NHM, NRHM, RNTCP, NVBDCP] programs & policies} NACP NLEP, NACP, & legislations MTP Necocs RBSY NREGA, MTP, PNDT Social sciences _| Definitions Theories of diseases SES scale - Kuppuswami (Sociology) Health economics Definitions ~ GDP, NNP, GNI Values - GDP Growth, Health expenditure Demography Definitions & values Data collection systems Formulae Definitions Census Fertility Indicators Contraception Methods in RCH program Newer methods Pearl index Composition, Adv/ Disadv Preventive Values RCH program components Obstetrics, RCH program components | JSSK Paediatrics Pneumonia control ‘School health ‘School health, 1Q level Ics— PSM PART - 3— NEET/ NBE pattern AIIMS Nutrition RDA of nutrients References man/ woman Vitamin deficiencies Midday meal program Uncommon nutrient deficiencies Environment Values Water - Chlorination, Quality Air - Quality Entomology - Vectors Water - Chlorination, Quality Air ~ Quality Waste disposal Entomology - Vectors, Control Health communication Didactic/ Socratic methods Definitions of methods Health propaganda Health care system Health centres Health workers Primary health care~ Definition Primary health care — Definition, Elements, Principles Health planning & management H. committees H. management techniques Universal health coverage International health] International health Bioterrorism agents regulations International surveillance WHO, UNICEF Biomedical waste | Wastes segregation, disposal | Newer methods management ‘Occupational health] Pneumoconioses ESI act Lead poisoning ESI/ Factory act Occupational cancers— PSM PART - a NEET/ NBE pattern AIIMS Genetics ‘ABO system Hardy Weinberg law Mental health Epidemiology in India Suicide Mental health care act Biostatistics Central tendency Dispersion Normal distribution Statistical graphs Variables Chi-square test/ Paired t-test Central tendency Dispersion Normal/ skewed distribution Statistical graphs Scales Sampling ~ Methods/ Size Images 13 Correlation/ Regression Statistical tests Statistical errors Confidence level/ intervals 15_ MEDICINE PART -1— ‘+ ECG most important- At least one question expected; Particulary important STEMI vs NSTEMI, Changes in Electrolyte Imbalances, Arrythmias- PSVT, A-Fib, Atrial flutter, * V-Fib, = RHD- MS, MR, AS, AR With Murmurs, Mx + Pericardial Diseases ‘+ MI: Particularly Management Infective Endocarditis: Duke's criteria Classification of shock : Approach based Q ‘+ Multi focal artrial tachycardia vs atrial fibrillation vs AVNRT vs AVRT syndrome X vs syndrome Z cardiac tamponade (pulsus paradoxsus) RESPIRATOR) ‘+ Approach to PFT, DLco, Volume curves ‘+ Pneumoconiosis: Particulary asbestosis, HSP. ‘* Pulmonary embolism: Approach, Radiology + Sarcoidosis Diagnostic features ‘= ARDS—Crteria, Ventilation basics Pheumothorax LLD ‘+ Hypersensitivity Preumonitis NEPHROLOGY: ‘© AKI: Criteria, biomarkers ‘* CKD: Manifestations, Stages Glomerulonephritis most important Renal Tubular Acidosis Difference Polycystic Kidney vs Medullary sponge disease Barter syndrome = Gittelman ‘+ Gordon syndrome GASTRO: ‘* Approach to Malabsorption ‘= Inflammatory bowel disease: CD vs UC vs GI TB; extraintestinal manifestations ‘+ Viral/Alcoholic/Autoimmune Hepatitis: Criteria, difference ‘= Acute Pancreatitis: Revised Atlanta classification, criteria, Mx— MEDICINE PART -2 RHEUMAT: * Vasculitis SLE, Systemic Sclerosis, RA, Gout Behcets Disease Wilson's, Hemochromatosis ENDOCRINE: + Pituitary Adenoma,Sheehan syndrome, Lymphocytic hypophysitis ‘+ Galactorrhea amenorrhea Syndrome ‘= Disorders of Calcium Metabolism ‘+ MEN syndromes ‘* Diabetes: Mx, MODY (to be done with pharmacology) ‘+ Parathyroid abnormalities NEUROLOGY: ‘+ LOCALISATION of pathology most important ‘= Specific EEG changes ‘* Stroke: Approach, Mx, Window + Epilepsy: Causes, Mx (to be done with pharmacology) ‘+ Dementia and movement disorders: Mx (to be done with pharmacology) ‘+ Multiple sclerosis, ADEM Myasthenia gravis, Lambert eaton Syndrome GBS VS T.Myelitis Amyotrophic Lat. Sclerosis Channelopathies (Basics) FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE: Numericals, MX Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis, Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia— SURGERY PART - 1— Chapter Important topics Breast Risk Factors for Breast Cancer; Breast Cancer: Clinical Presentation; Investigations; 8th AICC TNM Classification; Management of Breast Cancer; Chemotherapy & Hormone Therapy; ‘Types of Mastectomy; ‘omplications of Mastectomy; Breast Conservation Surgery; Breast Reconstruction; Prognostic Factors; Inflammatory Breast Cancer; Cystosarcoma Phyllodes; Luminal criteria; Van-Nuys Prognostic Index; BRCA Mutation; Fibroadenoma Thyroid Thyroglossal Cyst; Goltre; Investigations in Thyroid; Types of ‘Thyroidectomy; Complications of Thyroidectomy; Solitary Thyroid Nodule; Grave's Disease; Hashimoto's Thyroiditis; Thyroiditis; Papillary Carcinoma; Follicular Carcinoma; Medullary Carcinoma Parathyroid & Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia; Hyperparathyroidism; Incidentaloma; Adrenal Pheochramocytoma; Neuroblastoma Liver Couinaud Liver Segments; Types of Hepatectomy; Caudate lobe; Pringles’s Maneuver; Liver Abscess; Hydatid Cyst; Liver tumors; Liver Metastasis; HCC; Hepatoblastoma; MELD Score & PELD Score Portal Etiology & Diagnosis; Variceal Bleeding; TIPSS; Surgical Shunt; hypertension EHPVO & NCPF; Budd-Chiari Syndrome Gall bladder | Gallstone; Cholecystitis; Prophylactic Cholecystectomy; Emphysematous & Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis; Gallstone Ileus; Gall bladder Polyp; Carcinoma Gall bladder; 8th AJCC TNM Classification Bile duct Choledochal Cyst; MRCP; ERCP 32:12; PTC; CBD Stone; Cholangitis; Primary Biliary Cirrhosis; Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis; Bile Duct Injury; Cholangiocarcinoma; Courvoisier’s Law; Ampullary & Periampullary Carcinoma; Hemobilia— SURGERY PART - 2— Chapter Important topics Pancreas Annular Pancreas; Acute Pancreatitis; Pseudocyst; Chronic Pancreatitis; Carcinoma Pancreas; Whipple's Procedure Insulinoma; Gastrinoma; Cystic Neoplasm of Pancreas Esophagus | Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia; Hiatus Hernia; Cushing & Curling Ulcers; GERD & Fundoplication; Zenker’s Diverticulum; Achalasia Cardia; Diffuse Esophageal Spasm; Barrett’s Esophagus; Carcinoma Esophagus; Types of Esophagectomy; Esophageal Perforation; Boerhaave's Syndrome; Schatzki's Ring [Stomach Peptic Ulcer; Gastrectomy; Dumping Syndrome; Forrest Classification; Mallory-Weiss Syndrome; Dieulafoy's Lesion; Watermelon Stomach; Carcinoma Stomach; Lauren's Classification; GIST; HPS; Bezoars Peritoneum _| Types of Peritonitis; Pelvic Abscess; Mesenteric cyst Intestinal ‘Small Intestinal Obstruction; Paralytic Tleus; Intussusception; Jobstruction | Pseudo-Obstruction; Large Bowel Obstruction 52:20 Hartman's Procedure; Sigmoid & Cecal Volvulus |Small Intestine Meckel's Diverticulum; SMA Syndrome; GI Tuberculosis; Small Bowel Tumors; Carcinoid Tumors; Short Bowel Syndrome Large intestine| Hirschsprung’s Disease; Colorectal; Peutz-Jegher's; Adenomatous Polyp; FAP; HNPCC; Colorectal Cancer; Modified Dukes Staging; 8th ‘AICC TNM Classification for Colorectal Cancer ‘Stoma Ileostomy & Colostomy: Complications 18D Crohn's Disease & Ulcerative Colitis: Pathology, Clinical Features, Radiological signs, Extra-intestinal manifestations & Menagement; Toxic Megacolon; Pouchitis 9:05 Difference between CD & UC— SURGERY PART - 3— Chapter Important topics Appendix Appendicitis; MANTRELS Score; Ochsner-Sherren Regime Incisions of Appendectomy Rectum and | Hemorrhoids; Rectal Prolapse; Anorectal Abscess; Fistula-in-ano; anal canal Goodsall’s Rule; Fissure-in-ano; Pilonidal Sinus; Carcinoma Rectum & Anal Canal Hernia Risk Factors; Inguinal Hernia; Lichtenstein Repair; Triangle of Doom & Pain; Corona Mortis; Strangulated; Femoral Hernia; Sliding Hernia; Lumbar Hernia; Umbilical Hernia; Omphalocele & Gastroschisis; Incisional Hernia; Desmoid Tumor [Spleen Spleen Indications of Splenectomy; ITP; Complications of Splenectomy; OPSI; Splenic Cyst; Splenic Tumors Kidney and | Renal Stones & Ureteric Stones; ESWL; PCNL; URS; ureter Emphysematous & Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis; Genitouri- nary TB; RCC; Wilm’s Tumor; ADPKD; PUJ Obstruction; Retrocaval Ureter; Horse-Shoe Kidney; Ureterocele; Duplication of Ureter; VUR Urinary Ectopia Vesicae; Bladder Stone; Schistosomiasis; Bladder Rupture; Bladder Carcinoma Bladder Prostate ‘BPH; TURP; Prostatitis; Carcinoma Prostate Urethra and | Hypospadias; Epispadias; Posterior Urethral Valve; Phimosis; Penis Paraphimosis; Urethral Injury; Stricture Urethra; Carcinoma Penis Testis and Undescended Testis; Epididymo-orchitis; Testicular Torsion; /scrotum, Hydrocele; Varicocele; Testicular Tumors— SURGERY PART - 4 — Chapter Important topics Arterial, Peripheral Arterial Occlusion; Buerger's Disease; Lumbar Venous & ‘Sympathectomy; AV Fistula; Thoracic Outlet Compression Lymphatic | Syndrome; Mesenteric Ischemia; Subclavien Steal Syndrome; disorders ‘Aneurysms; Aortic Dissection; Vascular Graft DVT; Varicose Veins; SEPS; Lymphedema ‘Thorax and | Mediastinal mass; Thymoma; Pneumothorax; Hemothorax; Lung Thoracotomy; Lung abscess; Pleural effusion; Pulmonary embolism ‘ulmonary hamartoma; Bronchial adenoma; Malignant mesothelioma; Carcinoma lung; Pancoast tumor; Myxoma Burns Pathophysiology of Burns; Burn Classification; Fluid Resuscitation in Burns; Parkland Formula; Burn Size Calculation Plastic surgery | Skin Grafting; Flap; Marjolin’s Ulcer; Basal Cell Carcinoma; Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Malignant Melanoma; Portwine Stain; Strawberry Angioma; Salmon’s Patch; Cock’s Peculiar Tumor; Pott’s Puffy Tumor; Pilomatrixoma; Cylindroma 1:17:49 [Wound Healing Wound Healing; Degloving Injury; Compartment syndrome; Hypertrophic scar & Keloid ens Skull Fracture; Craniotomy; Cranial Fossa Fracture; Extradural & Subdural Hematoma; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Diffuse Axonal Injuries; Brain Tumors; Astrocytoma; Oligodendroglioma; Ependymoma; Medulloblastoma; Meningioma; Pituitary Adenoma ; Craniopharyngioma; Primary CNS Lymphoma; Brain Metastasis; Stereotactic Radiosurgery; Meningocele; Myelomeningocele; Berry Aneurysm; Brain Abscess 2— SURGERY PART - 5— Chapter Important topics loral Cavity Carcinoma Oral Cavity: Leukoplakia; Erythroplakia; Plummer-Vinson Syndrome; Oral Submucus Fibrosis; 8th AICC TNM. Classification for Carcinoma Oral Cavity; Carcinoma Lip & Tongue; Mandibulectomy; Dental Cyst; Dentigerous Cyst; Ameloblastoma 27:08 Salivary gland Salivary Gland Tumors; Parotidectomy; Frey's Syndrome; Pleomorphic Adenoma; Warthin’s Tumor; Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma; Sialolithiasis; Ranula Neck Carotid Body Tumor; Cystic Hygroma; Branchial Cleft Remnants ; Cervical rib; Triangles & LN Levels in Neck; Types of Neck Dissection Facial Injuries Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate; Mandibular Fracture; Le Forte Fractures [Oncology Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans; Tumor Lysis Syndrome; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Pediatric ‘Tracheoesophageal Fistula; Biliary Atresia; Intestinal Atresia; Small Surgery Intestinal Duplication; Meconium Syndrome; Malrotation; Anorectal Malformations; Sacrococcygeal Teratoma Trauma ATLS Protocol; Triage; ABCDE of Primary Survey; Secondary Survey; CRASH-II Trial; GCS; Traume Scoring System; Neck Injuries; Tension Pneumothorax; Pericardial Tamponade; Flail Chest; Blast Injuries; Chest Tube Insertion; Abdominal Trauma; FAST; DPL; Blunt Trauma &| Penetrating Trauma; Splenic Trauma; Liver Trauma; Seat Belt Injury; Damage Control Surgery; Abdominal Compartment Transplantation| History of Transplantation; Types of Graft Rejection; Types of Graft Complications of Immunosuppression; Organ Donors; Maastricht Classification; Liver, Kidney, Pancreas Transplantation— SURGERY PART - 6 — Chapter Important topics Laparoscopic surgery & Robotics Laparoscopy, Robotics & Bariatric Surgery; NOTES; POEM [Sutures & Anastomosis ‘Sutures; Knots; Suturing Techniques; Bowel Anastomoses Nutrition Enteral Nutrition & Total Parenteral Nutrition |Shock ‘Shock; Classes of Hypovolemic Shock; Shock Index; Modified Shock Index Instruments | Bard-Parker handle & blades; Needle Holder; Humby's knife; Kelly's, rectal speculum; Fistula probe; Kocher’s Hemostatic forceps; Allis tissue forceps Babcock's tissue forceps; Desjardins choledocholithotomy forceps; Cheatle's forceps; Ovum forceps; Czerny’s retractor; Langenbeck’s retractor; Morris retractor; Doyen’s retractor; Deaver's retractor; Doyen’s mouth gag; Satinsky Vascular clamp; Versess Needle; Trocar; Ryles Tube; Infant feeding tube; Kehr's T-Tube; Sengstaken Blakemore Tube; Foley's catheter; Fogarty embolectomy catheter ; Malecot’s catheter; Central venous catheter 37:00— PEDIATRICS — General Pediatrics *Normal growth «Developmental Milestones :MUST REVISE MULTIPLE TIMES. ‘* Immunisation: latest schedule ‘Breast milk: composition, advantages, contraindications, storage ‘Severe acute malnutrition, Kwashiorkor, Marasmus ‘*Inborn errors of metabolism ‘Genetic disorders: Down, Turner, Noonan, Edward, Patau, Fragile x syndromes ‘+ Kawasaki disease, henoch schonlein purpura Neonatalogy ‘*Neonatal Reflexes “= NRP Guidelines, ‘*RDS In detail ‘Perinatal asphyxia & HIE ‘Infant of diabetic mother ‘= NEC- Bell's Staging ‘Jaundice : Causes, Physiological vs pathological, Management Systemic Pediatrics ‘*Nephrotic Syndrome, Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis ‘Croup, Epiglottitis, LRTI ‘*Meningitis, hydrocephalus, Neurocutaneous syndromes, Febrile sz, Epilepsy ‘*Congenital Heart Disease: ASD, VSD, PDA, TOF, TGA, TAPVC ‘*Diarohea: etiology and management, assessment & treatment of Dehydration ‘*Congenital hypothyroidism, CAH ‘*Rickets, Scurvy— ORTHOPEDICS PART -1 IMAGING: ‘*Periosteal Reaction* ‘Investigations for stress Fracture ‘* Osteomyelitis and Bone Tumors INFECTIONS: Osteomyelitis ‘*Pyogenic artt + Actinomycosis c TUBERCULOSIS: +*Pott’s Spine* TB. Knee & Hip BONE TUMORS: ‘*Diagnosis especially benign tumors* ‘*Management malignant tumors* *Bone Cyst SPORTS INJURY: Cruciate ligaments and Meniscal injuries AMPUTATION: *symes *Choparts ‘*Lisfranc TRAUMATOLOGY: 1. COMPLICATION: ‘*Compartment Syndrome *Crush Injury ‘Fat Embolism ‘*Sudecks dystrophy ‘= Myositis Ossificans— ORTHOPEDICS PART -2 2. UPPER LIMB: ‘*Dislocations* Shoulder & Elbow ‘*Fractures* Clavicle, Humerus, Supracondylar humerus, Lateral condyle humerus, Colles and Carpo metacarpal injuries 3. CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES 4. LOWER LIMB: ‘*Dislocations* Hip & Knee ‘*Fractures* of hip, femur shaft, Patella, Tibia and Caleaneum. ‘Ankle Sprain 5. Treatment: Nails, Screws & Wires AVASCULAR NECROSIS* AND OSTEOCHONDRITIS NEURO- MUSCULAR DISORDERS: Polio ‘Disc prolapsed ‘*Bursitis and other inflammatory disorders ‘*Dupuytrens contracture METABOLIC DISORDERS: +*Rickets and Osteomalacia* +*Osteopetrosis* and Pagets* ‘Osteoporosis * and Hyperparathyrodism ‘+ Achondroplasia* + Osteogenesis imperfect ARTHRITIS: *Osteoarthritis* '*R.A.* and Ankylosing spondylitis ‘*Gout* and Pseudogout #*Charcots Joints NERVE INJURIES: Erb’s palsy ‘*Ulnar*, Median and Radial Nerve ‘*Entrapment syndrome — Carpal tunnel and Meralgia Paraesthetica— ORTHOPEDICS PART -3 PEDIATRICS ORTHOPEDICS: ‘+ DDH*, Perthes* and Slipped capital femoral epiphysis = CTEV* © Genu Varum— OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY— Gynecology: ‘Oncology: Ca cervix in and Out, Stagings of all cancers especially ca cervix and Ca Ovary which are now modified. Ca endometrium etiology & Associations with other cancers. Named things in Ca ovary, very important, steps of staging laparotomy. Abnormal Bleedin, endometrial ablation. Management, newer drugs, Uterine artery embolization, Mirena, PCOS: Criteria Patho-Physiology Management of Infertility and anovulation separately. Also read metformin and letrozole Infertility:Read about types of anovulation and treatment, WHO semen analysis, ART types, IVF and ICSI basics, sperm aspiration techniques, Azoospermia STI: Bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas Vaginalis, candidiasis, basic and extended criteria for PID Mulerian anomalies , detailed discussions on malformations, ESHRE classification. ‘Intersex’ discussion is associated with this too Obstetrics: Physiological changes of pregnancy: changes, Endocrine, system (prime importance.) Respiratory syster,Hematological Medical & Surgical conditions in pregnancy GDM, Pre Eccampsia, Ecclampsia & MgSO4 therapy, Anemia, Rh Isoimmunisation Hypothyroidism, silent killer! Prenatal Diagnosis: Triple/Quadruple markers, Amniocentesis, Chorionic Villous sampling, NIPT are all favourites Ectopic Pregnancy, GTN, Abortions Operative Obstetrics: C sections, Inversion correction surgeries, Vacuum, Forceps criteria Antepartum and Intrapartum Surviellance...Don’t miss any topic! Partogram by WHO Post Partum & Antepartum Hemorrhage, detailed . Fetal Skull & Pelvic Diameters—DERMATOLOGY PART - 1— Topics Sub-Topics Basic Dermatolog) Layers of epidermis, langerhan cells, basement membrane zone, micro-abscesses Hair disorders Histology of Alopecia areata & Trichotillomania Nail disorders ‘Nail changes of lichen planus, psoriasis and leukonychia (Glands ‘Names of all disorders of sweat and sebaceous glands, treatment of acne. Blistering ‘Differences between Pemphigus vulgaris and folisceous, disorders Pemphigus & Bullous Pemphigoid. ‘*Dermatitis herpetiformis- presentation & treatment. ‘Clinical presentation of Darier Disease & Halley Halley Disease Pigmentary Treatment of Vitiligo(especially phototherapy), Nevus (Becker's, disorders, Ota, Ito), PKDL- presentation Bacteria infections| Impetigo, disorders caused by resident flora of skin Fungal infections Tinea capitis(kerion), Pityriasis Versicolor- clinical presentation Mycobacterial infections Clinical presentation of Lupus vulgaris & scrofuloderma , Leprosy- Peripheral nerves & treatment. Viral infections HPV subtypes causing warts, treatment of herpes, histology of Molluscum contagiosum [Sexually transmitted Infections ‘Syphilis types,presentations , signs associated , treatment, treatment of Anogenital warts & Gonorrhea, incubation periods of different STL Papulosquamous disorders ‘*Psoriasis- types, histology and treatment. ‘Lichen Planus- histology. «Pityriasis Rosae & Lichen Nitidus- clinical presentation—DERMATOLOGY PART - 2— Topics Sub-Topics Miscellaneous ‘Urticaria pigmentosa- darier sign,urticaria~ cholinergic & Angioneurotic Edema, Ichthyosis- types, ‘Atopic Dermatitis-diagnosis , Contact dermatitis- causes, +598 Syndrome & ‘“TEN- clinical presentation ,Erythema Multiforme- target lesions. ‘Neurofibromatosis-clinical presentation ‘Erythema Nodosum- causes ‘Tuberous Sclerosis cutaneous findings ‘+Drug Induced Eruptions- Fixed Drug Eruption *Scabies- treatment ‘*Malignant melanoma-types “*BCC- presentation ‘*Acanthosis Nigricans - causes ‘*Actinitic Keratosis- treatment Seborrheic keratosis ~ presentation [Investigation Wood Lamp Examination, patch test, diascopy—PSYCHIATRY— Psychopharmacology (most important): Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Anti anxiety, Mood stabilisers esp. Lithium Psychotherapy: Esp CBT, ECT Toxicology: Withdrawal and intoxication symptoms; Alcohol most important (To be done along with FMT toxicology and Critical care in medicine) Child Psychiatry: ADHD, Autism, ID Personality disorders Schizophres and mood disorders: Definitions DSM-V; Case scenarios Diagnosis Sleep Disorders, Narcolepsy: To do along with Sleep Physiology Conversion Disorder: efinitions DSM—V Delirium vs dementi Defence Mechanisms Diagnostic Criteria Time Cut Off (very important to be revised)—RADIOLOGY PART -1 Imaging Of All Emergencies like Pneumothorax, Tension Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Preumoperitoneum, Pneumocephaluss, Aortic Dissection, Aortic Aneurysms and Rupture, pseudoaneurysms-Yin yang sign , and Pulmonary Thromboembolism Stroke Imaging-Acute Infarct, Hyperdense MCA sign, Head Trauma-Epidural hematoma, swirl sign, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage Abdominal Trauma-FAST, CECT liver lacerations, Splenic injury ‘Acute Abdomen-Acute Pancreatitis, small and large Intestinal obstruction and Volvulus X rays - Concept of KVP,MAS = Important X ray views - Mammography - Hysterosalpinography images + Important IVP images T scan- Spiral CT, HRCT, MDCT, DUAL ENERGY CT, = CT anatomy of brain, mediastinum, lungs and abdomen - Radiation protection-lead apron, TLD batch, AERB Guldelines MRI -Indications/contraindications -T1, 12, FLAIR, STIR, DWI, DTT = MR spectroscopy - Axial, coronal, saggital MRI images of brain usG = FAST and EFAST - COLOR DOPPLER, SPECTRAL DOPPLER -umbllical artery, uterine artery and fetal MCA Doppler—RADIOLOGY PART -2 Radiotherapy- Teletherapy-Linac, sterotactic radiotherapy-cyber knife,gamma knife IMRT. Craniospinal irradiation electron beam proton beam-Bragg Peak Brachytherapy-permanent and temporary implants -pure beta emitters Systemic Radiotherapy--I-131, strontium -89, P-32 Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau Radiosensitivity of tissues and tumors Different Iodine Isotopes-1131,1125,1124,1123 HALF LIFES Of important radioisotopes-18F, 1c99m, odine isotopes,?-32 ,€0-60,CS-137 Nuclear Medicine- = Meckel's Diverticulum = Thyroid Scintigraphy,Lingual Thyroid - DMSA,DTPA,MAG-3 SCAN - Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - Myocardial Infarct Imaging = Bone Scan ~ Sulfur Colloid Scan = Te99m-Sestamibi Scan = Octreotide/somatostatin receptor scintigraphy = PET scan-Warburg effect, 18FDG PET Pet Imaging of Heart NaF PET,C11-methionine Pet,DOPA- PET,DOTATOC -PET,DOTATATE-PET HMPAO-SPECT Neuroradiology-Imaging of Mer = Medulloblastoma Vs Ependymoma = Craniopharyngioma Vs Pituitary Adenoma - Arachnoid Cyst Vs Epidermoid Cyst = Important Named Signs-Mount Fuji Sign, Humming Bird Sign Racing Car Sign, PANDA Sign, ~ TB Meningitis CID = Imaging Stroke -Hyperdense MCA sign,Penumbra = Intracranial bleed-Extradural,Subdural, Subarachnoid, Intraparenchymal, Intraventricular Bleeds gioma—RADIOLOGY PART -3 Respiratory Radiology- Normal CXR - PAVS AP VIEW ~ Collapse,consalidation, pleural effusion,Pneumothorax - Golden S sign,Luftsichel Sign,Sillouhette Sign, = Xrays of sarcoidosis pulmonary edema,puimonary thromboembolism - CT images of Bronchiectasis,ILD, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis - ASPERGILLOSIS-ABPA,AIR-CRESCENT SIGN,HALO SIGN - Hydatid of Lung/LUNG ABCESS/FUNGUS BALL/HYDROPNEUMOTHORAX ~ Lucent Hemithorax/FOREIGN BODY ~ CVS Radiology -Radiographs in congenital Heart Diseases like TOF/TGA/ ASD/TAPVC - SIGNS OF Mitral stenosis/CHF Muscloskeletal Radiology-Bone tumors, Metabolic bone diseases, Arthritis, Osteomyelitis Genitourinary Radiology-Renal Tuberculosis, Renal Papillary Necrosis,Horse shoe jdney,ADPKD,ARPKD, DUPLEX KIDNEY Contrast agents-Radiocontrast agents,lodinated contrast agents,USG contrast and MRI Contrast = Contrast Induced Nephropathy Gastrointestinal Radiology-Barium studies, Hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis,SMALL and large bowel obstruction,Intussuception,Volvulus and pneumoperitoneum all signs Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Imaging-Acute and chronic pancreatitis signs, pancreatic carcinoma Angiography images-MR ANGIO,MR VENOGRAPHY—ANAESTHESIA— Pharmacology of Anesthesia 1. Inhalational Anesthetic Agents 2. Intravenous Anesthetic Agents 3. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents 4, Local Anesthetics Equipment part of Anesthesia 5. Airway Management devise - Endotracheal tube , Larygeal Mask 6. Anesthesia Circuits ~ Mapelson circuit and circle system 7. Anesthesia Machine Techniques 8. Introduction of Anesthesia and conduit of general Anesthesia 9. Central Neuraxial Blockade Miscellaneous toy 10. Perioperative fluid 11. Modes of Ventilation 12. Oxygen therapy Conceptual topics 13. Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation 14. Difficult airway algorithmJoin the revolution in Medical education Bases ° a CC tte Get the best discounts on ere year Clean ae O Ce re) Pete aceuess een eer aa Crue eeu) Riera’ Me tay SOP aera isg ec Reco Peete Bree ekyt es 5 India’s most Pete n cad series COM runeebuccs Pee eager 5 Ee See ea Pca ons Ena rs Bec weet) Master concepts with Pa Reon Rese ce eect De eC Ce eens Sree eure eeu) ae Cusco www.prepladder For any queries mail us at medical@prepladder.com secs Ces Ete Be Eyre eer Ctr