cme ©) 4, INTRODUCTION - “the Howe-TreePerson, (UTP) Techniave and its - padmiaistration® Feary chan devloned by Busk (94D e004 re aeeelaure rom the fact thatthe SUSIE, is asked f to snake frechand drawings of & house, (ee, 2nd person. te map jees it given almost complete (cee0or in the a which be performs. Should Me HOCK that ee not an arist, he is assured that he HTP is not a ee vot fan ability, ot that the examiner is only 1 ened in the subject's wove portrayal - vAccording wo Buck, the specific items—house, (reer ang person-y were selected because (NEY 2° items fail | ee itd: they were found {0 Be WNOee universally | ‘accepted, by subjects of all apes than other experimental spay appeared vo generate richer Verbal sPOn” A ta her He | ‘Yihen projective drawings are included in a testing patiery, subjects become easily ived as drawing is 3 aay behavior, Haworth and Rabin (1999) Hake commented that the gequest 10 draw is. accomps ied by Sees of ensony Surin the testing, rocss es 3 sae tael to drawing, th plesure, ova sd feclings of sezurity ws ft iam activity it whieh they feel comfortable. ese TTP drawing technigue for whieh this hand- SoA, developed continues (0 be one of the Te, 3 ‘ J euuentiy sed projective instruments BY clinicians oe ee psychological agencies i: J {Rationale and Need fr the rated H-T-P Handbook ‘Questions 3 by clinicians and stu- I Gee aiming concetming pictorial examples of 10 L seteristics partic iy dose must difficul (0 visuolize. poo ‘Juck's manuals have némirably served (he PUrPO of i explaining the qualitative approach 10 he interpretation ce awings, Examiners and students, However, MN Spend considerable time searching these ions for SPapmostic meanings of specific characteristics, Jolles" organized catalogues (1952, 1964, and 1971) and Ogdon's a eegs (1967 apd 1925) ace excelent and useful gs vip Tor efficient neces (0 imerprctive 3a (Of viewing ehwructeristcs. Neither of the latter t si include iltustrasions. however. Vt was Felt tha) © works fied for amillusteated handbook wich allows fo ‘examples of 2 wide variely of +... rapid seeess 19 pictorial characteristics not casi \. choca iiennce. House Tree-Person Dra Q ines reed Diagn Handbook is 303204 : revovde for this need , "tous drawings ve een found to arouse sions thin the subject regarding his home Tife and vontiar reletionshups. Tree drawings appear to reflec! projeaion from deer, more unconscious level of (he i Personality. Wide egrecment exists that human Hore t vrrawings are peirmonly 1 wnanifestation of the subjects « as conclusive indicators of t perception of himself or the self Ke ties to De. ‘Cenainly, no singular characters ‘should be held the presence of certain Per 3 salty traits; the configurational patter” consisting sony signs should rather be considered {iustraied Handbook TL) Development of the diagnostically significant identification of the miost deeuring characteristic was the first S6P in the hand dook's construction. Perusal of perinets Titerawure a8 boot he judgment ofthe author and lbs! colleagues ere employed in. making these selections Over 180 wee aeraties most often mentioned in iterature and Seemed most difficult to visualize Were finally identified far inelusion. Characteristics easily visval ized or imprac- feat to illustrate were included in Section IX of the hand= ook, entitled None fllustrared ‘Characteristics with Inter- Pretaions, Over 290 such earners appear in this Preto, Totaly, over 475 diagnostic characteristics: are treated in the handbook. ae asin was cccived to search the of the Psy chological Services Bureaus ‘of the Fort Wayne Public Schools and Anderson ‘Community Schoots, respective: Trand the Muncie Regional Diagnostic Center where by MgserTree-Person technique is employed WY ach are tpg an integral part of al vesting bateres. Drawings wehildren, adolessent and adult subjerts referred for” payehological testing were selected which most authen- Peyefeprerened characteristics tobe usr atee ‘Com plete anonymity of subjects” names Was preserved. ‘Preliminary editions of the handbook were assembled in ualtiple copy. Feedback concerning Both (O°, and vaya aolcte (fom graduate student encolled in projective technique coursesas Welles clinical colleagues. Protruetive suggestions were incorporaied into the coment edition of the handbook. The multiple i of this edit ng section, Using the Handbook. UL, Using the Handbook For maximal usefulness of the handbook, users of necessity will possess a thorough beckground in Pe90>, ality theory, abnormal psychology, knowledge of defense imechanisms, and a full understanding ‘of projective psy rrstony. Presupposing ths, the following multiple uses ssmakzed and their respective ~ are available: 1: alphabetized Mlstravions of Specific Choracter- ‘pics, Names of the characteristics iustrated a¢e printed both atthe top and tothe side ofeach pase Users may thumb through the handbook for if Juctation of characteristics in. question as on avches fora dictionary word. The Plate Index ot Tiusstions in section IV which follows fies ail hosted eharacterisies in alphabetized. order wri their cespectve plate eurmbece 2. Diagnostic Intexpresation of Principal Character price, Diagnostic interpretations are listed below* Shadow ~ House ~ cach principal characteristic illustrated. Interpreta- tions listed first are presumied most valid by virtue of receiving broadest research support. Reference sources for tach interpretation ace indicated. }. Listing of Other Characteristics Mlustrated within each Drawing. 1n addition to the designation of the! featured characteristics and respective interpreta- tipes, a, list of dthee characteristics illustrated is ‘carried Aext teach pictuce, Platgnumbers areindl- ceated-whercin each is featured as the illustrated characteristic with their respective diagnostic inter- relations. This cross-referencing aspect is intended to broaden the usefulness of the handbook. 4, Nom-lllusirated Characteristics with Interpreten tions. Diagnostic interpretations of more than 290 additional diagnosticaly significant characteristies are alphabetically isted by category within Section 1X of the handbook, entitled Non-filustrated Char ‘acteristics with Interpretations. These were judged gs being easily visualized or impractical toillustrate, Reference sources are listed for each interpretation cited. 1V, Plate Index of Illustrations General Batic Omission : Nomerous and Painstakingly Drawn « Groundline, Darkly Drawn 5 Lines, Consistently Straight « Lines, Cueving. «+» Liner, Dark oo. Lines, Dark Line, Jagged Lines, Sketchy. Lines, Cireule a0d Uninterrupted Papertased Drawing. .---++ apertopped Drawing. persided Drawing Paper-ehopped Drawings « Perspective, Birds Bye Vie Perspective, Worms Eye View... Perspeetive Distant View oo. .-05 Perspective, Drawing in Absolut. Profile Perspective, Draving without Profil .--» Re-Dravwing of Original : Shading, Excessive «+--+ ‘Space, Constr Sua ‘Transparent Drawings -.. ‘Aniheopomarphie Style Bascine to Wall Heavily Orewa Bedroom Chimney, at 0 Angle «. Chimney, Mostly Hidden Chimney, Omitted ...- Plate Number * pranthes, Two-dimensiontl, Partially drawn with Chimney, Prominent Chimney, Seen Throu Chimney, Transparent 3. Chimney, with Hote(a. Details), Degrading 10, Details, Nonessential Door, Above Base wlth Ste Deer, Omi Door). Doors, Large and Small. Deorknob, Prominent aves, Emphasited .-.. Fence Around House... Flowers, Daisy or Tulipaike. Houses, Large and Sinsil Roofs, Outlines Darkly and Lightly Drawn, Root, Single Line Connecting Two Walls « Reof, Unusually Large Shrubs, Haphazardly Drawn... ps Omitted Smoke, Nerrow Line . Steps, Ending ot 2 Bank Wal ‘Trees, Drawn with Howe A Wall), Double Perspective, Thin Endwalls) Wail), Double Perspective, Unusually Large Endwatls) Walks), Emphosis on O : ‘Walkt), Outline Faintly Drawn .. Walls, Transparent .. : Windows, Numerous and Dare. Windows, Numerous Panes .. ‘Windows, Omission of. ‘Windows, Placement Lacking Conforr ‘Windows, with Curt . Tree ‘Animal Peeping from # Apple Tree : Bark, Depicted as Evenly Spaced Bark, Heavily Drawn. Bark, Carefully Drawn «2... Branches, Broken and/or Bent Branches, in Perfect Symmetry - Branches, Large ip Proportion to Trunk «..+++ Branches, New Growth Extending (com Barren Tr Beaches, Numerous on Small Trunk Branches, One-dimensional, Non-systematic and Separated from a One-dimensional Trunk - Branches, Phaltictike. Broviches, Shaded : Branches, Small on Large Trunk... Denaches, Spikerlike. c Branches, Turned Inward «s+. <5 aoe Branches, Two-dishensional with Open Distal End... Branches, Two-dimensionel, Club-like with inadeuuate ‘Organization «0.2.00 een Tee. Implied Folinge....+- Branches, Unshaded .. Branches, “Weapped in Cowon”___Craien, Gioii-tks, 0 Creiwn, Caricue a 31 Crown, Flats.) Reveleotee 2 Crown, Jumble of Sgribbled Lines 2 Crown, Shaded cocecbensere see 4 eens Transparent Roots Visible Below Surfees- 95 Leaves, Falling =~» : alae 96 Craver, Numerous and in Great Detail: s 97 Header Tatorshaped, Not Penetrating Barth o---°* 9 roe ce Viewed from Underground «++ eoeees 100 101 102 103 : 104 Trees, Two Onevdimensios wee 105 ‘Toomt, Broad with Diminutive Branch Suveler- 106 THEN, Brosdly Based with Diminishing Breadth. 107 TreRE One-dimensional, with Disorgsnized One al Branches «++» 108 wih Be 09 0 Aras, ARDS ‘Aeros Chest ehind Back ‘Arne, Held Limp at Sides ‘Arne, Large ‘Anis, Muscular Unusually Long nelaced ‘Anns. Aer. Aer, — Nem, Rigidly Hetd 0 Daly, IRains, SHOE eens ‘arms. Thin and Fail Anas, Wings Tek, Darkly Sbeded Breasts; Enphasized. Buttocks, Esnphasired i Buttons, Emphasized or Numerous + 5 i . 126 Fz 7 imine, Owned 18 Ears, Emphasited «+ 19 Eyes, Hollow and Em no Eyes, Pupils Omitted «. . De yee, Unusually Large ut Reinforced 12 we BB Eyes, Unusvally Small. eee ere vga, Omated when Rest Adequaely Dawn 196 . 3 Feet, Unusually Long «++ Feet, Unusually Small «<---> “Fingers, Long and SpikeTKE «3730 Fingers, Oneedimensional, Enclosed BY pues Reinforeed of Darkly Shaded Fine, SeiBbIed sos -vnvoesee=o0000" Finger, Short and Rounded «+++ ai, Darky Shaded «++ Long and Unshaded « Hair, Unshaded and Enel Hands, Concealed in Pockets Hands, Covering Pelvic Region Hands, Milan --+00007-"* Hands, Omitted ---++ Hands, Sbaded «-0+0-~ Hands, Unesualy Lar Hands, Unusually Small.» Head, with Ieregular Contour Head, Not Aligned or “Floating” Head, Unusually Large Head, Unusually Small.» Knees, Emmphasited's.-000-+ Lege Rigily Held Together. Laps, Unvsually Lone - Legs. Ununsally Short Hou, Unusually LAPBE «+= Measles, Overly Emphasized ect, Long ané Thin. Nose, Emphasized Person, Running Blindly Person, Renaing in Controlled Si Profle, Complete +--+ Profile, Ambwalent Shooices, 9 Snoviters Squated Shoulders, Unusually LATEE «++ ‘Shoulders, Unusually Small. Stance, Broad .-..e-05 ‘Stance; on Tiptoe ---» Stance, Slanted, with Legs Floating + Fecth, Prominenily Displayed ----> Trung, Long and Narrow «..-+-" Feunk, Omitted .--seeereseee + Trunk, Large; Waist Emphasized ‘Trunk, Small and Tightened.. Trunk, Reversed ...sseeseeees~ Section V. General Drawing Characteristics “Plate 1: Cloyds Generali riety (Jacks, 1969) Also Nusrated (a) Lines, dark at periphery only (Plate9) (@) Roots transparent a viewed {rom undecgraund (eo) Sun (Piate 26) Plate 2 Details, Atypical 1. Psychosis (Mursell, 1969) 2. Unfavorable prognosis (Desbler, 1969) 5, Extreme personality disorganization (Divs, 1979) Ato Htrated (a) Uses dark (Plats 5) {(b) Hands, omited (Plate 149) with Interpretations Clouds ay Ca TTTDetails, Numerous and Painstakingly Drawn a . Generab Plate’3 Details, Basic Omission of eral, 1972) 2, Hypertensive and/or psychosomatic conditions (Modell & Potter, 1949) 13, Possible argenie condition (Gilberk 1965) Also Illustrated (a) Hands, {b) Shoulders, mquared (Plate 172), (©) Profile, ambivalent (Plate 170) {(@) Chin, weak (Plate 127) Plate 4 Details, Numerous and Painstakingly Drawn 1. Obsessive-compubive need to structure SSluation indicated; overconcern with {otal envionment (Deaber, 1969) 2, Strong need 10 maintain ego control (Hammer, 1989) Also Illustrated (a) Shading, excessive (Plate 25) {@) Windows, aumerous panes (Plate 63) {4 Lines, consistently straight (Plate 6)© General Groundline, Dark Plate 5 , Groundline, Sf, Reetngs of ane strvstye environ 2. Extreme tension ‘Also. Iitusirafed {ay Branches, “wrapped (Piad89) (0) Crow, cloptike (Pie 99) Darkly Drawn rj and oeed 10 iment (Buck, 1950) ty (Urban, 1963) in'cotton” Piate 6 “Lines, Consistently Straight ” Plate 6 Lines, Consistently Straight 1. Decksiveness and assertiveness (Alen: 1958) 4, Feeling constricted by environment (Harmer, 1954) ‘Aigo Iiustrated {@) Paper-chopped drawings sage (Plate 16) dark (Plate 8) excessive (Plate 2) @) peeping (rom hole in tree (Plate 69) (0) Branches, spikestt bouton of ee (Plate 83) = ow ee oe Le ee eee= General Plate 7 Lines, Curving 1, Normal, exible and healthy ~ personality (Hammer, 1954) 2, Iexcessive, may indidate rebelion towards conventionality (Wachner, 1946) Also Mustrated (2) Lives, sketchy (Plate 11) {b) Branches, spike-ike (Place 83) Plate & Lines, Dark 1. Extreme tenseness (Urzan, 1963) 2. Possible organi conditions (Dit=o, 1970) 1, High energy levels (Levy, 1958) Also Ilustrated (2) Groundline, darkly drawa (Plate 5) (b) Detaits, numerous and painstakingly drawn (Plate 4)General Plate 9 Lins, Dark at Periphery Only Also Illustrated (3) Chimney, prominent (Piste 34) (6) Windows, wih eurains Pius 68) (c) Paper-based drawing (Platt Plate 10 Lines, Jagged and Not Joined 1, Hottty(Iammer, 1565) 2. Tendency to ac-out (Urban, 1963) 3, Antiety (Machover, 1951) ‘Also Mlusrated ‘{a) Arms, rigidly nei +e pady (Plate 118) (6) Hands, covering pete region Wate 1277 (0 Trunk, long and nacrow (Plate 179) Lines, Dark at Periphery Only Lines, Jagged and Not JoinedPlate 11 nate Plate 12 Lines, Circular and Uninterrupted he Fimidity (Dito, 1999) General Plate II Lines, Sketchy 42, Need for precision; meticulous (Buck, 1948) 3, Gapansivences under sess (Handler & Reyher, 1964) Also Hivstrated {ay Branches, tase in prope" (Plate 76) (v9 Leaves, numerot (Plate 97) {e) Paper-based drawing (Plate 13) {G) Lines, curving (Plate 7) sion to trunk wus and in great detail Plate 12 Lines, Circular and Uninterrupted Poor impulse contrat; confusion (Koch, 1952), ‘Also Hlustrated {a} Animal peeping [rom hol (Plate 69) {oy Crown, jumble of sibbles (Plate 99) ©) Trunk, brondly based with ‘imnishing beesoths (Plate 107)General ASL Pla Paper-based Drawing Ne Paper-based Drawing - =, Feelings of insecurity; low sete 1 ec (Buk 130) “¥) ‘2, Dependency (Hammer, 1958) 3. Coneete orenation (Levy, 1959) Le ‘Also Ilusieated - (9) Crown, clouib-ike (Plate $0) i {@) Details; basic omission of {Plate 3) Plate 14 Paper-topped Drawing 1. High compensatory dive level achievement oriented (Urban, 1963) 2, Excesive vie of fnissy; aleot orientation (Hammer, 1958) Also lusteated {2) Sun (Plate 26) _ (b) Windoiws, numerous panes (Plate 65) we ' TET== = General Pinte 15S a » Plate 15 : Paper-sided Drawing 41, Need for a sesute environment (Hamer, 1954) 2, Specife temporal meanings similar 10 poper-chopped drawings ain Plate 16 (Buck, 1948) Also Illustrated {a) Walls). emphasis on ‘outline (Plate 61) {(b) Windows, numecous panes (Piste 63) Plate 16 ; : Paper-chopped Drawings Ne Paper-chopped: Drawings B Plate 16 \ 1. Left side of pase (a) Desice to cling tostructues ofthe past (Buck, 1950), {(v) Over-concsined with oneself; self centered (Levy, 1950) 11, Right side of page {a) Wish 10 escape into furore to Mee past 930) {b) Inteoversion snd inner tension (Hammer, 1969) UL, Top of page (a) 5, subject, seksi antsy saisactons ‘denied in cealiy (Buck, (948) (u) High aspirations wih tow energy level ~ Levy, 1980) 1V, Bottom of page 1950) Buck,- General Plate 17 . Perspettive, Bird's-Eys. View” 1. Rejieton of sibel drawn (Buck; 1948) 2. Superiority or grandiose feelings (Landisberg, 1969) “Also Illustrated: (a) Deigils, numerous and painstakingly drawn (Plate 4) () Shading? excessive (Plate 23) Plate 18 . Perspective, Worm's Eye View 1. Feeling of eejection and unhappiness (ore, 198) 2, Withdraw tendencies Limied | personal contact desired (Buck, 1948) Flo titrated Kae qipaatoenireeen © + -(b)' Perspective, distant view (Plate 19)Perspective, Distant View Perspective, Drawing Plate 20 in Absolute Profile General Plate 19 Perspective, Distant View i. repressive tendeneer(Baenou%, 1968) 12. Feeling of isolation.and/ or rejection; withdrawal (Joltes, 1971) Also Itustraied (a) Lines, dark at periphery only(Plate8) {G) Chitmaey, omited (Piste 33) {e) House, small (Plate 50) Plate 20 Perspective, Drawing in Absolute Profile 4, Evasive; eluetanee to communicate - with others (Buck, 1969) - 2. Tendency to withdrav from environment (Exner, 1962) fRculty with interpersonal relationships (Schildkrovt et af, 1972) {Also Uusteated (2) Neck, long and thin (Plate 163) {h) Hair darkly shaded (Plate 143) () Nose, emphasized (Plate 166)pf. - Perspective, : General is rawing™ Without Profile ° Tendency to be unco inflexible; possible reaction formation to fei inadgguacis (oles, 1971) Also Ulsiyated (2) Windows, sumerous snd bare (Piste ; (8) Stoke, narrow in (Plate 56) {e) Paper-based drawing (Plate 13) {@) Windows, placement lacking conformity (Plate 67) Plate 22 Re-drawing of Original 1. Negativisic, aggressive rea (Hammer, 1954) Also Iitusirated (2) Hands, omitted (Plate 149) (b) Trunk, trge (Plate 181) Perspective, Drawing . Without Profile Plate 21° t Re-drawing of Original Plate 22 Be ea Pe SS |S SS a u Se a® — 7 ® = —= = =. oe: hee Shadow = 7 General Plate 23 Shading, Excessive 1. Anaiety and depression in elderly persons (Wolk, 1969) . 2, Submissive tendencies (Allen, 1958) 3, Adjustive reaction to childhood problems (DiLeo, 1973) ‘Also Hilustrated (a) Space, constriction by page (Plate 25) (b) Paper chopping (Piet 16) Plate 24 ‘Shadow 1. Anxiety-product suggested Uacks, 1969) 2, Shadow represents unsatis{ying ‘etaignship of peychological past > Avhich is also curcently felt (Buck, 1948) 3. If produced alter sun is drawn, compulsive reretions (Hammer, 1954) Also Illustrated (2) Sun (Plate 26) {b) Shading, excessive (Plate 23)(8 General Space, Constriction by Page plate 25 : a = Z Piate 25 Pie ae “gpacé, Constriction by Page 1. Frustration caused by cestritiNg environment, atsociated wih feelings Cf hostty and-desre to react Segressvely(tlaworih & Rabin, 1960) 2, Feelings of inferiority Jobssor, 1979) Also Iustrated (a) Paper-chopped drawings (Plate 16) b) Tree, Keyhole shaped (Prate 101) . Plate 26 ~ Sun Plate 26. [ s 1. tnadequacy in eating (0 cutbositative an ' Figures (Hammer, . a 2. Oiten seen a8 source of power and/or searmih by chldeen and identified 35 ferher and mother (Jolles, 1971) 5, Har been produced ia drawings of dependent women (Marzoll & Kieboer, 1972) Also Iustrated (2) Clovds (Plate 1) (6) Door, small (Plate ¢5) {6} Details, atypicl (Plate 2) {G) Perspective, drawings i absolute profits (Plate 20) Ae) Lines, dark (Plate) 6YX Plate 27 ‘Transparent Drawings 1. Normal for youngehilsren (Machover 1949} a, Poot sf concept inagotescents (HIS « & Nesvig, 1965) . 3, Inout, poor eebty contact 276 tosibe voyeuraieconsition? . (Wetman, 1970) ‘Also IlusteatedSection VI. House Drawing Characteristics with Interpretations a Plate 28