DANCE

Tinikling - Philippine dance that involves two individual performers hitting bamboo poles and using
them to beat, tap, and slide on the ground

Cariñosa is a Philippine national dance from the María Clara suite of Philippine folk dances

HALADAYA FESTIVAL - The northernmost town of Cebu, Daanbantayan, celebrates a festival in

honor of the warrior Datu Daya of Kandaya.

Sinulog Festival – Dance ritual of the miraculous image of Sto. Niño.

DESIGN AND ART PURPOSE

Lapu-Lapu Shrine 20-meter bronze statue is located at the Mactan Shrine at Punta Engaño,
Mactan Island, Cebu."

VISUAL ARTS
1.Spoliarium painting of Juan Luna
2.Sculptures Nine Muses by Napoleon Abueva (1976)
3.The Sketch, Portrait of the Professor, and Poinsettia Girl.

MUSIC INSTRUMENTS OF FILIPINOS USED

flat gong commonly known as Gangsa and played by the groups in the Cordillera region of the
bossed gongs played among the Islam and animist groups in the Southern Philippines.

Solibao is hallow wooden Igorot drug topped with pig skin or lizard skin this is played by striking the
drum head using the palm of the hand.

Tongatong is a bamboo percussion instrument used by the people of Kalinga to communicate

with spirits during house blessings

Diwdiw asis 5 or more different size of slender bamboo that is tied together

Saggeypo is a bamboo pipe that is closed on one end by a node with the open end held against
the lower lip of the player as he blows directly across the top

Bungkaka - Bamboo buzzer

Kulintang refers to a racked gong chime instrument played in the southern islands
of the Philippines, along with its varied accompanying ensembles.

Rondalla is performed on ensembles comprising mandolin instruments of various

sizes called banduria composed on the Iberian tradition.
SONGS PLAYED BY FILIPINOS
OPM (Original Pilipino Music) - originally referred only to Philippine pop songs,
particularly ballad
Harana and Kundiman - In the 1920s Harana and Kundiman became more
mainstream musical styles

contemporary art which is continuously in process and continues to be produced during our
lifetime

CULTURE Simultaneously reflects the realities and values of our society, its variety portrays the
mosaic of our cultural diversity
DANCE process by which the artist creates by means of movement, space, spontaneity, and the
uniqueness of the movement

Napoleon Abueva National Artist in Painting in 1976; Father of Modern Filipino Painting

5. What are the 7 major Philippines Art Forms? Give example of each form.
1. Music art form that appeals to the sense of hearing, composed by combining notes into
harmony.

2. Literature art form of language through the combined use of words, creating meaning and
experience.

3. Theater art form of performance. Dramatic text is portrayed on stage by actors and actresses
and are enhanced by props, lights and sounds. form of art in which artists use their
voices and/or their bodies, often in relation to other objects, to convey artistic expression.

4. Film a technological translation of theater, special effects are utilized to enhance the story
telling

5. Dance
art of the human form, body is used, mobilized and choreographed in a specific time, form and space.

6. Architecture, Designs and Allied Arts - structure that meant to be used as shelter, its art relies
on the design and purpose of the structure.

7. Visual Arts artwork, such as painting, photography, or sculpture, that appeals primarily to the
visual sense and typically exists in permanent form.

Photography as Communication It is a modern art form means that photograph is now

viewed as being more than just beautiful. It also considered one of the most powerful
means of education.

Acting actors learn to express themselves without exaggerated facial expression and gestures used
stage.

Ilocos Norte Juan Luna is from province in region 1

Spoliarium the famous painting of Juan Luna that won first place in Madrid, Spain

21st century contemporary art is art created

Juan Luna is the father of Philippine painting

Spolarium Painting by Juan Luna One of the most internationally renowned pieces of
modern Filipino art. It now hangs in the main gallery of the National Museum of the
Philippines and is the first painting to greet museum visitors.
Contemporary Arts a human pursuit to imitate life and the world into something pleasing or
beautiful

Various Contemporary Art Form Speaking of art, there are many words that will always pop up in
our mind.

various art forms of contemporary arts

PRACTICAL ( Utalitarian) ART this art is intended for practical for practical use or utility.

INDUSTRIAL ARTS It is the changing of raw materials into some significant products for human
are shell craft, bamboo crafts, leather craft, pottery making

APPLIED / HOUSEHOLD ART it refers mostly to household arts such as flower arrangement,
interior decoration, dress making, home – making, embroidery, cooking and others .

CIVIC ART this art includes city or town planning, maintenance, and beautification of parks. This refer
to beautification to improve the standards of living

COMMERCIAL ART It involves business propaganda in the form of advertisements in newspapers

and magazines, sign painting, billboard and announcements, leaflets, displays, poster
designing, movie illustrations and many more.

GRAPHIC ART It is anything printed from raised or sunken reliefs and plane surfaces.

AGRICULTURAL ART (crop production), horticulture (garden or orchard cultivation), husbandry

(raising of cows, carabaos, poultry and swine) and farming

BUSINESS ART this includes merchandising, accounting, bookkeeping, typewriting, stenography,

salesmanship, and business administration.

FISHERY ART it includes shallow and deep-sea fishing, fish refrigeration and culture, net weaving.

MEDICAL / CLINICAL ART it includes first aid treatments, medical manufacturing, surgery, medical
operation, rehabilitations and other

“pre-colonial” as a term to use the general way of life before colonization.

Art of the ancient Filipinos were woven into the fabric of everyday life.

dance forms movements of the animals

1. Pangalay dance (Sulu) is mimetic of the movements of the sea birds
2. Mandaya’ Kinabua, Banog – banog (Higaonon & B’laan), and ma- manok (Bagobos in
Mindanao is imitated the movements of predatory birds.
3. Talip dance (Ifugao) that is used for courtship is mimetic of the movements of wild fowls.
4. Inamo dance (Matigsalugs) and Kadaliwas dance (T’Boli) represent the comedic movement of the
monkey
5. Tinikling dance evocative of the movements of the crane, balancing itself on stilt – like legs or
flirting away from the clutches of bamboo traps.

Famous artworks during pre – colonial

1. Carving
 Bulul (Cordillera) a granary God that plays an important role in rituals
 Hagabi (Ifugao) a wooden bench
 Santos / sculptures of saints (Laguna and Pampanga)
 Okir (Tausug / Samal / Badjao) mythical sarimanok, the naga or serpent.
 Manunggul Jar discovered at Manunggul cave of Palawan

2. Weaving
 Textile weaving
a. Pis siyabit (Tausug of Sulu) a headpiece woven
b. Malong (Maranao of Lanao del Sur)
 Mat and basket weaving

a. Tepo mat (Sama of Tawi-Tawi) a double layered made of Pandan leaves.

b. Ovaloid basket (Itbayat, Batanes) a head sling made of nito or bamboo used to carry the harvests.
c. Bubo (Ilocos region) a sturdy bamboo strips used to trap the fish.

3. Ornamentation - representations of various ethnolinguistic groups.

a. Wearing gold jewelry (upper class Tagalog)
b. Tattooing (Visayan) it is believed to protect the individual from evil spirits, it is also a sign of bravery
and maturity

Islamic is characterized by geometric designs and patter selecting focus from the believers.

Happenings during Islamic era

1. Sultanate of Sulu was established Sayyid Abbubakar
2. Qura or holy text was introduced
3. Building of religious school called Madrasah
4. Natives from Yakans , Basilan and Zamboanga were converted to Islam
5. Islamazation process In Mindanao became strong.
6. Islam became the religion and as a way of life of people in Mindanao (Tausug,
Maranao, Maguindanao, Yakan, Samal, Badjao).

SPANISH ERA (1521 – 1898) a hand maiden of religion, serving to propagate the Catholic faith and
thus support the colonial order at the same time. Religious orders were dispatched to convert
the natives to Catholicism as part of the larger project culturally as religious art, lowland
Christian art or folk art.

Pasyon – the biblical of Christ’s passion chanted in an improvise melody

awit and the corridor – these were the two musical forms based on European literature and history

Kundiman became a vehicle for conflict – the lyrics were that of unrequited love, except that the love
object was the Philippines who would be cleverly concealed as beautiful woman.

baybayin script made of bamboo poles cut into smaller nodes that are carved used to composed
short poems, expressing one’s feelings and other emotional concers.

Zarzuela was introduced, it was an opera which features singing and dancing with prosed dialogue
which allowed the story to be carried out in a song.

Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan were awarded as the most distinguished playwrights as
they wrote zarzuela in Tagalog

Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama awardeded as the most celebrated leading actress
Gaspar Aquino de Belen Komedya were also introduced; komedya de santo (it centers on life of
Christ ) and Secular Komedya.

Juan Luna ( Spolarium) won gold medals and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo (Virgenes christianas
expuestas al populacho) won silver medals

Famous Artists and their artworks during Spanish era:

Visual Arts:
1. Damian Domingo – water color albums of tipos
2. Juan Luna – Spoliarium, Espana y Filipinas
3. Felix Resurrection Hidalgo – Virgenes christianas expuestas al populacho
4. Lorenzo Guerrero - The Water Carrier
5. Simon Flores – Portrait of the Quiazon Family
6. Jose Dans – Heaven , Earth , Hell
7. Esteban Villanueva - Basi Revolt

Miniature painters Engraver:

1. Antonio Malantic
2. Francisco Suarez
3. Isidro Arceo,
4. Nicolas Engraver
5. Dionesio de Castro
6. Laureano Atlas
7. Justiniano Assuncion
8. Felipe Sevilla

Musician – Composer
Theater artist:
1. Marcelo Adonay
2. Honorata “ Atang” dela Rama

Writers:
1. Severino Reyes - Zarzuela
2. Hermogenes Ilagan – Zarzuela
3. Gaspar Aquino de Belen - Senakulo

AMERICAN ERA (1898 – 1940) to the Post war Republic (1946 – 1969)
In the American regime, commercial and advertising arts were integrated into fine arts curriculum.
Moreover, Americans favored idyllic sceneries and secular forms of arts.

Famous Artist during American era

1. Juan Abad – Tanikalang Ginto (Golden Chain) (1902)

2. Juan Matapang Cruz – Hindi ako Patay ( Iam Not Dead) 1903

3. Aurelio Tolentino – Kahapon , Ngayon at Bukas

4. Lino Castillejo (author) – A Modern Filipina First Filipino written in

5. Jesus Araullo (author) – A Modern Filipina English

6. Daniel Burnham (architect) - He design Manila and Baguio

7. William Parsons – implanted Burnham Plan – an urban designed employed Neoclassic

architecture.
8. Thomas Mapua

9. Andres Luna de San Pedro Filipino architects who designed buildings

10. Antonio Toledo during the period

11. Fabian dela Rosa (naturalists Painter) – Planting Rice (1921), El Kundiman( 1930)

12. Fernado Amorsolo

 romantic painter – Dalagang Filipina, idyllic landscapes, historical paintings
 graphic artist –The Philippine Readers (book) The Independent ( newspaper)
 logo designer - Ginebra San Miguel.

13. Guillermo Tolentino (sculpture ) – Oblation ( 1935) UP Oblation ( 1958 )

Bonifacio Monument ( 1933).

JAPANESE ERA (1941 – 1945) Since the Japanese advocated for the culture of East Asia,
preference was given to the indigenous art and traditions of the Philippines. This emphasized
their propaganda in Asia.

the composer National Artist Felipe de Leon was said to have been commanded to write AWIT SA
PAGLIKHA NG BAGONG PILIPINAS

Famous artist and their artworks during Japanese era

1. Fernado Amorsolo (painting)
 Harvest scene, 194210
 Rice Plating, 1942
 Bombing of the Intendencia (1942)
 Ruins of Manila Cathedral (1945)

2. Sylvia La Torre (song)

 Sa kabukiran

3. Levi Celerio (composer)

 Sa Kabukiran

4. Felipe P. de Leon (composer)

 Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas

5. Crispin Lopez (painting)

 Study of an Aeta (1943)

6. Diosdado Lorenzo (painting)

 Atrocities in Paco

7. Dominador Castaneda (painting)

 Doomed Family (1945)

MODERN ERA (Neo Realism, Abstraction Modern styles)

Modern art is quite different from contemporary art especially when in terms of history and styles.
Another strand of Modern art is abstraction.

Modern famous artists and their artworks

 Neo Realists Artist
1. Manansala – The Beggars (1952), Tuba Drinkers (1954),
2. Legaspi – Gadgets II (1949), Bad Girls (1947)11
3. HR Ocampo – The Contrast (1940), Genesis (1968)
4. Ramon Estella
5. Victor Oyteza
6. Romeo Tabuena

 Abstractionist Artists
1. Constancio Abenardo
2. Lee Aguinaldo
3. Jose Joya
4. Fernando Zobel
5. Arturo Luz – Street Musicians (1952)
6. Nina Saguil - Cargadores (1951)

Modern Architectural structures:

1. Church of Holy Sacrifice (1955)
2. Church of the Risen Lord
3. Chapel of Saint Joseph the worker

GAMABA stands for GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN ( National Living Treasures). It is an

award given to recognize the outstanding work of the artists in the Philippines. The given award was
established in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355 until 2012.

GAMABA Awardees
Uwang Ahadas, musician A Yakan of Lamitan, Basilan was awarded for his dexterity in playing
Yakan musical instruments such as the kwintangan, gabbang, agung, kwintangan kayu, tuntungan
among others.

Magdalena Gamayo, textile weaver Based in Pinili, Ilocos Norte, Magdalena Gamayo took up
weaving when she was 16, guided by her aunt’s patterns.

Eduardo Mutuc, metalsmith, and artist A Kapampangan from Central Luzon is recognized
for reviving the Spanish colonial-era craft of Plateria.

Lang Dulay, T’nalak weaver A T'boli of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, was awarded for weaving
the abaca ikat cloth called t'nalak . She has produced creations which remain faithful to the T’boli
tradition as manifested in the complexity of her design, fineness of workmanship and quality of
finish.

Samaon Sulaiman, musician A Maguindanaon of Mamasapano, Maguindanao. He was

awarded for his outstanding artistry and dedication to his chosen instrument, the Magindanao
kutyap
 Kutyapi is a two-stringed plucked lute, regarded as one of the most technically demanding and
difficult to master among Filipino traditional.

Haja Amina Appi, Pandan mat weaver Lives in Ungos Matata, Tandubas, Tawi Tawi,. She is
recognized as the master mat weaver among the Sama indigenous community of Ungos
Matata.

Federico Caballero, chanter and educator A Panay-Bukidnon of Calinog, lloilo was

awarded for his mastery of chanting the sugidanon, the epic tradition of Central Panay.

Ginaw Bilog, poet A Hanunuo Mangyan of Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro. Awarded for faith fully
preserving the Hanunuo Mangyan script and Ambahan poetry.
Salinta Monon, textile weaver A GAMABA awrdee of Tagabawa Bagobo of Bansalan, Davao
del Sur. She was awarded for fully demonstrating the creative and expressive aspects of the
Bagobo abaca ikat weaving called Inabal at a time when such art is threatened with extinction.

Darhata Sawabi, textile weaver A GAMABA awardee of barangay Parang, Jolo Island, Sulu
province. Has preserved the art of Pis Syabit weaving. It is difficult art of tapestry weaving that
creates the traditional squares used by the Tausug for ornamentation. Despite the conflict in Jolo,
Sawabi’s dedication to her art enhanced the preservation of traditional Tausug designs.

Teofilo Garcia, gourd hatmaker A GAMABA awardee of San Quintin Abra who have
discovered and popularized the durable Tabungaw hat out of enlarged upo or gourd. He hollowed
out the upo / tabungaw, varnished and polished it to make it more durable and unique yellow
sheen.

Alonzo Saclag, traditional dancer and musician A Kalinga of Lubuagan, Kalinga was
awarded for his mastery of the Kalinga dance and the performing arts.

Masino Intaray, chanter and musician A Pala'wan of Brookes Point, Palawan. He was
awarded for his exemplary skills in basal or gong music ensemble. He was also recognized for his
versatility as musician, poet, epic chanter, and storyteller of the Kulilal and Bagit traditions of the
Pala'wan.

Factors Affecting the Traditional Artist’s Production Process

1. Christianization the impact of Christianity and the discussion of the locals to a remote religion
have made individuals from the network reject their indigenous ceremonies and customs.

2. notwithstanding, the network figures out how to syncretize their indigenous ways with customs of
Christianity.

3. Mining and framework venture – mining and system adventures expel individuals from their
homes and seriously harm the earth.

4. Tourism – plays a big role in one's nation. This is to promote the culture, environment, and the life
of a nation to others.

5. Militarization. The weakness and pressures realized by hostile areas capture the
individuals' capacity to make workmanship.