1.1-Mayamottdnciicblm Finalcom - Uc1 Donald

CONSTRUCTION
Qualification Title TECHNICAL DRAFTING NCII
Unit of Competency Perform Mensurations and Calculations
Module Title Performing mensurations and calculations
MAYAMOT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
UC1. Pre-Test……..………………………………………………………………. i
Answer Key………………………………………………………………………… iii
How to Use this Module………………………………………………………….. iv
Common Competencies…………………………………………………………. v
Core Competencies………………………………………………………………. vi
LO1 SELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
Module Content…………………………………………………………………………… 1
Learning Experiences……………………………………………………………………. 4
Four fundamental Operations, Linear measurement,
Dimensions, Unit conversion…………………………………………………………….. 5
Self Check 1.1-1……………………………………………………………………………. 9
Answer Key 1.1-1………………………………………………………………………….. 11
Task Sheet 1.1-1…………………………………………………………………………… 12
Formulas for volume, areas, perimeters
of plane and geometric figures……………………………………………………………. 13
Self Check 1.1-2……………………………………………………………………………. 15
Answer Key 1.1-2…………………………………………………………………………... 16
Task Sheet 1.1-2…………………………………………………………………………… 17
Proper Handling of Measuring Instruments……………………………………………….. 18
Trigonometric functions, Algebraic equations…………………………………………… 20
Sample out put LO1………………………………………………………………………… 24
LO2 CARRY OUT MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS
Module Content……………………………………………………………………………… 25
Learning Experiences………………………………………………………………………. 27
Visual Object and Shape…………………………………………………………………… 28
Self Check 2.1-1…………………………………………………………………………….. 29
Answer Key 2.1-1…………………………………………………………………………… 30
Objectives in Drafting
Elements of Guidelines…………………………………………………………………….. 31
Self Check 2.2-1/ 2.2-2…………………………………………………………………….. 33
Answer Key 2.2-1/ 2.2-2……………………………………………………………………. 34
Alphabet of Lines……………………………………………………………………………. 35
Self Check 2.3-1…………………………………………………………………………….. 38
Answer Key………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
Pictorial Drawing……………………………………………………………………………. 40
Self Check 2.4-1……………………………………………………………………………. 42
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Answer Key 2.4-1………………………………………………………………………….. 44

Calculation by addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and
Division; Trigonometric Functions and Algebraic Equation………………………………. 45
Proper Handling of Measuring Instruments
Task Sheet 2.6-1…………………………………………………………………………… 52
Assessment Tool…………………………………………………………………………… 53
Task Sheet 2.7-1…………………………………………………………………………… 54
Assessment Tool…………………………………………………………………………… 55
Sample Output LO2……………………………………………………………………….. 56
Task Sheet 2.8-1…………………………………………………………………………… 57
Assessment Tool…………………………………………………………………………… 59
Sample Output LO2……………………………………………………………………….. 60
References…………………………………………………………………………………. 61
PRE - TEST
. . . . . . . . . . . . > 1
Unit of Competency
Let’s try to answer the Pre-Test before you begin in the module.
“Gawin ang TAMA kahit walang Nakakakita”
I. Directions: Read carefully the following statements. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. A tool with triangular in shape used in constructing oblique and isometric drawings.
A. ruler B. T-square C. triangles D. protractor
2. Which of the following drawing tools is used to construct regular curve lines and circle?
A. drawing compass B. drawing divider C. pantograph D. protractor
3. To perform safety procedure in preparing drawings, which of following should a draftsman

perform first?
A. always clean the drawing instruments after using them
B. always clean the working place before beginning your work
C. always clean the drawing instruments and drawing table before beginning your work
D. always clean the drawing table after using
4. A drawing scale of 1:100 meter in mm is the same as:
A. 1.00 = 1mm B. 1.00 = 10mm. C. 1.00 = 100mm D. 1.00 = 1000mm
5. A three dimensional drawing which has lines parallel to two different angles and has two vanish-
ing points.
A. cabinet oblique B. cavalier oblique C. one point perspective D. two point perspective
6. The sum of the engineering measurements 10.32, 13.21, and 20.50 is:
A. 22.03 B. 44 C. 22 D. 44.03
7. If the radius of an object is 47mm., the diameter is:
A. 74mm B. 84mm C. 94mm D. 104mm
8. A drawing scale of 1:2 is the same as:
A. 1/2 in. = 1 ft 0 in. B. 1/2 in. = 10 ft. C. 1/2 in. = 1 in. D. twice full size.
9. Which of the following should be used to set properly the drawing paper in the drawing board?
A. triangles B. protractor C. T-square D. L-square
10. Which should be done to properly maintain drawing tools and instruments after use?
A. always clean the drawing instruments after using them

B. always clean the working place before starting the work
C. always clean the drawing instruments and drawing table before beginning your work
D. always clean the drawing table after use
i
PRE - TEST
. . . . . . . . . . . . > 1
Unit of Competency
To Recognize Prior Learning (RPL) let’s try to answer the Pre-Test before you begin in
the module.
11. It refers to a table where the drawing paper is laid and fastened.
A. drawing pad B. drawing table C. drawing board D. drawing paper
12. To secure the drawing paper on the drawing table or drawing board, which of the following is
best to use?
A. double tape B. masking tape C. packaging tape D. scotch tape
13. Which should be done to avoid accident in the working area?
A. always clean your drawing table C. always keep your area clean and orderly
B. always clean your area drawing tools D. always keep your area clean and smoot
14. These are two dimensional drawings of different views of a three-dimensional object.
A. orthographic projection C. pictorial drawing
B. Guide line D. isometric projection
15. These are planes where the views of the objects are viewed or projected.
A. picture plane B. plane of projection C. plane D. free hand
16. Which of the alphabet of lines is used to represent the visible edges of an object?
A. center line B. dimension line C. hidden line D. visible line
17. What is a Cutting plane line?

A. a line used to define the location of the imaginary cut that creates the matching section view
B. a line used to identify the imagined cut portion of a part in a section view
C. a line used to define a part feature that is not visible in a specific view
D. a line used to define the measurement of a part feature
18. It is used particularly in construction fields that demand specific dimensions, measured scales,
true sides, sections, and various other descriptive views.
A. line B. point C. geometric figure D. close figure
19. Circle or rounded surfaces of an object, when drawn into Isometric, become an
________________.
A. ellipse B. arc C. oblique D. iso
20. This is a tool used to enlarge or reduce measurement and distances to a regular
proportion in the drawing paper.
A. T-square B. triangle C. triangular scale D. foot rule
ii
PRE - TEST Answer Key
. . . . . . . . . . . . > 1
Unit of Competency
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. D
7. C
8. D
9. C
10. A
11. B/C
12. B
13. C
14. A
15. B
16. D
17. A
18. C
19. A
20. C
iii
How to Use this Competency — Based Learning Materials
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >
Welcome to module in Performing Mensurations and Calculations
This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency PERFORMING MENSURATIONS AND

CALCULATIONS is designed to enhance the knowledge, skills and attitude of the train-
ees in using hand tools. It is one of the specialized modules required to complete the
course TECHNICAL DRAFTING NC II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

each learning outcome of the module. Each learning outcome is provided with
Information Sheets (Reference Materials for further reading to help you better
understand the required activities). Follow these activities on your own and answer the
self-check at the end of each learning outcome. You may remove a blank answer sheet
at the end of each module (or get one from your facilitator/trainer) for you to write your
answers for each self-check. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator
for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this
learner's guide because you have:
 Been working for some time

 Already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular skill or
skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you don't have to do the
same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from
previous trainings, show it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and
relevant to the unit/s of competency, they may become part of the evidence you can
present for RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this with
your trainer.
At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to record im-
portant dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you in provid-
ing further details to your trainer or assessor. A Record of Achievement is also provided
for your trainer to complete once you finish the module.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this
particular trade independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help
from your instructor.
Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the training of this
unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into sections, which cover all the
skills, and knowledge you need to successfully complete in this module.
Work through all the information and complete the activities in each section.
Read the information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested references are
included to supplement the materials provided in this module.
iv
Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He/she is there
to support you and show you the correct way to do things.
Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider when you
are completing activities and it is important that you listen and take notes.
You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice on the job.
Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts. This way you will im-
prove both your speed and memory and also your confidence.
Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own progress.
When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the activities outlined
in this module.
As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress. Your
trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for this reason. When you have success-
fully completed each element, ask your trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready
for assessment.
When you have completed this module (or several modules), and feel confident
that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will arrange an appointment with regis-
tered assessor to assess you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
competency Achievement Record.
Mayamot NHS Division of Antipolo City SHS TVL Technical Drafting Students 1st Batch
Technical Drafting NC II , 100% COMPETENT TESDA Assessment passers S.Y. 2016-2017
v
Common Competencies
No. of Hours: (36 hrs.)
Nominal
NO. Unit of Competency Module Title
Duration
Selecting Measuring Instru-
Perform Mensurations ments
1 8 hrs.
and Calculations Carryout Measurements
and Calculations
Analyzing Signs, Symbols
and Data
Interpret Technical Interpreting Technical
2 8 hrs.
Drawings and Plans Drawings and Plans
Applying Freehand Sketch-
ing
Assessing Quality of Re-

ceived m=Materials or
Components
3 Apply Quality Standards 8 hrs.
Assessing Own Work
Engaging in Process Im-
provement
Starting the Computer

Arranging and Customizing
Desktop display/ Windows
Settings
Operate a Personal Working with Files and

4 Folders (or directories) 12 hrs.
Computer
Working with User Applica-
tion Programs
Printing Information
Shutting Down Computer
vi
Core Competencies
Nominal
Duration
Planning and Preparing for

Work
Preparing and Set-up tools
Draft Architectural and Materials for Drawing
1 47 hrs.
Layouts and Details Lay-outing Architectural
drawings and details
Submitting Complete draw-
ings
Planning and Preparing for

Work
Preparing Tools and Materi-
als and Set-up Equipment
Prepare computer for Drawing
2 47 hrs.
aided drawings Lay-outing and Producing
Computer-Aided Drawings
and Details
Submitting Complete
Drawing
Elective Competencies (Structural Lay-outs and Details)

Nominal
Duration
Plan and Prepare for Work

Prepare and Set up Tools
and Materials for Drawing
Draft structural Lay-outs
1 Lay-out Structural Drawings 15 hrs.
and Details
and
Details
Submit Complete Drawings
vii
MODULE CONTENT
Unit of Competency: PERFORM MENSURATIONS AND CALCULATIONS
Modules Title: Performing Mensurations and Calculations
Module Descriptor: This Module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
required to perform mensurations and calculations
Nominal Duration: 8 hrs.
Learning Outcomes: At the end this module, you must be able to:
1. Select measuring instruments
2. Carryout measurements and calculations
Assessment 1.1 Object or component to be measured is identified,

Criteria: classified and interpreted according to the appropriate
regular geometric shape
2.1 Measuring tools are selected/ identified as per object to be

measured or job requirements
3.1 Correct specifications are obtained from relevant sources
4.1 Appropriate measuring instruments are selected according

to job requirements alternative measuring tools are used
with out sacrificing cost and quality of work
1
Contents: 1. Four Fundamental Operations
2. Linear Measurement
3. Dimensions
4. Unit Conversion
5. Formulas for Volume, Areas, Perimeters of Plane and

Geometric
6. Proper Handling of Measuring Instruments
7. Calculation by Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and

Division: trigonometric functions, Algebraic equations
8. Visual Object and Shape
Alternative measuring tools are used without sacrificing cost and quality of work
Conditions: 1. Workplace location

- Drawing Table/ drawing board
- Stool
2. Problems to solve
- Sample geometrical problem/s
3. Measuring Instruments
- Foot rule
- Triangular scale
- Protractor
- T-square
- Triangles (30°X60°/ 45°X45°)
2
4. Instructional materials
- Drawing compass
- A3 size bond paper
- Pencil
- Eraser
- Sharpener
- Masking tape 1/4 thick
Methodology: 1. Simulation
2. Discussion
3. Practical exercise
Assessment Method: 1. Direct observation
2. Written / Oral test
3. Demonstration
3
Learning Experiences
Learning Activities Special Instructions
If you have questions or clarifications do

not hesitate to ask the trainer
Read information sheet no. 1.1-1 Four

Fundamental Operations, Linear measure-
ment, Dimensions and Unit conversion Try to answer the Self Check no. 1.1-1
Answer Self-check 1.1-1 and compare without looking information sheet and perform
answer to answer key 1.1-1 Task sheet 1.1-2 as best as you can.
Perform Task sheet 1.1-1 and Use Self-
Assessment tool: Performance Rubrics
Read information sheet no. 1.2-1 Formula
for volume, areas, perimeters of plane and
geometric figures Try to answer the Self Check no. 1.2-1
Answer Self-check 1.2-1 and compare without looking information sheet and perform
answer to answer key 1.2-1 Task sheet 1.2-1 as best as you can.
Read information sheet no. 1.3-1 Proper
handling of measuring instruments
Try to perform Task Sheet 1.3-1 as best as
Answer Self-check 1.3-1 and compare you can.
answer to answer key 1.3-1
Read information sheet no. 1.4-1 Trigo-
nometric Functions, Algebraic Equations
Try to perform Task Sheet 1.4-1 as best as
Read information sheet no. 1.4-1 Use
you can.
Self-Assessment tool: Performance Ru-
brics
4
Four fundamental Operations, Linear Measurement,
Dimensions, Unit Conversion, Ratio and Proportion
. . . . . . . . . . . . >1.1-1
Information Sheet
Learning Objectives:
At the end this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU must be able to:
To prepare Architectural Jobs, common scaling is one of the most important drafting
skills one needs to develop. Reading and writing in scale is essential to the students in
Technical Drafting. Proper use of measuring tools with the application of four (4) funda-
mental operations as one of the most important basic skills and standard requirements for
Architectural layout and details in industry. This means that any draftsman should develop
the skills in scaling drawing. This will help him read graphical language in different scale
measurements.
Four Fundamental Operations
Common drafting measuring tools:
1. Protractor - it is used in setting a line degree angle.
2. T-square - used to draw horizontal lines and serves as a guide for triangles.
3. Triangle - an instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.

4. Triangular Scale - a tool used to enlarge or reduce measurement and distances to a regular
Protractor
T-square
Triangular scale
Triangles 30°X30° / 45°X45°
5
READING THE SCALE The scale of a drawing is usually indicated in the title block
of the drawing.
Full size = 1/1 or 1:1
Enlarge = 2/1, 4/1 or 2:1, 4:1
Reduce = 1/4, 1/2 or 1:4, 1:2
LAYING – OFF MEASUREMENTS Accurate drafting depends considerably upon
correct use of the scale in setting of distances. Do not take measurements directly off the
scale with the dividers or drawing compass, as damage will result to the scale.
Position the scale on the sheet with the particular scale to be used, face up and away
from you. Eye the scale directly from above. With a sharp conical pencil, mark the desired
distance lightly with a short dash at right angles to the scale. Successive distances on the
same line should be laid off without shifting the scale.
1. 2.
3. 4.
Avoid cumulative errors in the use of the scale. If the number of distances are to be
setoff end-to-end, all should be set off at one setting of the scale by adding each succes-
sive measurement to the preceding one, if possible.
Ratio and proportion is a drawing or illustration of a real object which has

been reduced or enlarged from its original size, but still proportional to the real object.
The proportion by which the drawing of an object is reduced or enlarged is referred to
as the scale ratio. https://kidsparkeducation.org/system/files/documents/ratios-proportions-and-scale-
drawings-curriculum-packet-v20.pdf
6
Plot the measure 40mm in a ratio 1:1 (This means that the scale is actual scale or in full
size)
40mm
Note that 40mm is equal to 4cm.
Plot the measure 40mm in a ratio 2:1 (This means that the scale is double the actual
scale or in a large size) Note that 40mm is multiply by 2 = 80mm.
40mm X 2 = 80mm
Plot the measure 40mm in a ratio 1:2 (This means that the scale is half the actual scale or
in a smaller size)
40mm / 2 = 20mm Note that 40mm is divided by 2 = 20mm.
Unit conversion - Common conversion of measurements in Technical Drafting:

1cm = 10mm 10 mm = 1cm 1 meter = 1000mm
Actual Scaled
Scale 1:100 1 m = 1000 mm. - 1 m = 10 mm or 1 cm
.60 m = 600mm - .60 m = 6 mm or .6cm
.70 m = 700mm - .70 m = 7 mm or .7 cm
1 meter (scale 1:100)
1 m or 1000mm / 100 cm = 10 mm that means in 1 meter using scale 1:100 the scaled
measurement is 100 times smaller from the actual dimension of the measurements
Actual Scaled
Scale 1:50 1m = 2000 mm - 1 m = 20 mm or 2 cm
.60m = 1200mm - .60 m = 12 mm or 1.2 cm
.70m = 1400mm - .70 m = 14 mm or 1.4 cm
1 meter (scale 1:50)
1 m or 1000mm / 50 cm = 20 mm that means in 1 meter using scale 1:50 the scaled
measurement is 50 times smaller from the actual dimension of the measurements
7
Protractor is a handy tool used to measure and draw angles. Generally, semi-circular
in shape, protractors are also available in full-circle, 360-degree versions. The follow-
ing pictures are the simple way to use protractor properly.
From right to left position
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
From left to right position

1. 2. 3.
With the given angle position, the origin of the protractor or the vertex of an angle,
then locate the 0 degree of the protractor. It is where you start to measure the open-
ing of the specific angle. Either you start from right to left or left to right.
VIDEO PRESENTATION- https://www.google.com/search?ei=8O76XofZPIT7

QbdqKv4Bg&q=how+to+use+protractor&oq=how+to+use+protractor&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzICCAAyAggAM
gIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BQgAEJECOgUIABCxAzoFCAAQgwE6BAgAEENQ6iRY2mRgn
2xoAHAAeAKAAeQKiAH_OJIBEDAuMTAuMS4wLjIuMi4xLjKYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwiHkdODh6nqAhWEfd4KHV3UCm8Q4dUDCAw&uact=5#kpvalbx=_CPL6XvOaEoml-
QbJ06iQAw43
8
SELF CHECK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 1.1-1
Try to answer the Self Check no 1.1-1 as best as you can without looking at the Information
Sheet “Gawin ang TAMA kahit walang Nakakakita”
A. Directions: Read each item carefully, then write the letter of the correct an-
swer in your QUIZ NOTEBOOK.
1. This is a tool which is generally used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or

reduced form.
A. foot rule B. triangular scale C. triangles D. t– square
2. Which of the following should be used to set properly the drawing paper in the draw-
ing board?
3. Measuring an angle of 40° requires the use of:
A. an architecture’s scale. C. a protractor.
B. an engineer’s scale. D. the 30°/60° and the 45° triangle.
4. Which of the following tools is used to set off measurements of angles and arcs that
cannot be obtained with triangles?
A. Divider C. Protractor B. Triangular scale D. Foot rule
5. An instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
9
B. Directions: Measure the Sides and Angles of the given Irregular Polygon
using Foot rule. Use (mm) as unit of measurement for measuring sides and use
Protractor to measure angles. Use (°) degrees as unit of measurement for measuring
angles.
A B
C D
B.
Sides
6. AB = ________
7. BC = ________
8. CD = ________
9. DE = ________
10. EF = _______
Angles
11. A = ________
12. B = ________
13. D = ________
14. E = ________
15. F = ________
Additional Learning Activity: H5P - Flash Card
Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next learning topic. If not, review the lesson
and try again answer the Self Check to gain knowledge and skills required
for mastery. Good luck!!
10
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANSWER KEY
> 1.1-1
A
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. A
B.
Sides Angles
6. AB = 60mm 11. A = 63°
7. BC = 22mm 12. B = 90°
8. CD = 40mm 13. D = 148°
9. DE = 39mm 14. E = 34°
10. EF = 110mm 15. F = 116°
RATING SCALE:
Points Earned Numerical Rating Descriptive Rating
13-15 91-100 Very Good
9-12 86-90 Good
5-8 81-85 Fair
1-4 75-80 Needs Improvement
Teacher’s Comments:
Teacher’s Signature:_____________________
Date:_________________________
11
TASK SHEET
. . . . . . . . . . . . >1.1-1
Try to perform Task Sheet no 1.1-1 with given instructions in the Task Sheet.
Direction: Plot the measurements of the following scale.

Example 1. Plot the measurement 75 mm in actual ratio.
1. Plot the measurement 43 mm in actual ratio.
2. Plot the measurement 57 mm in actual ratio.
3. Plot the measurement 12mm in ratio 2:1.
4. Plot the measurement 86mm in ratio 1:2.
5. Plot the measurement 1.9cm in ratio 2:1.

Now check your answer using the answer key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next learning topic. If not, review the lesson
and try again answer the Task Sheet to gain knowledge and skills required
for mastery. Good luck!!
12
Formulas for Volume, Areas, Perimeters
> 1.2-1
of Plane and Geometric Figures
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Information Sheet
What is Geometry?
It is a branch of Mathematics that deals with the study of size, shape, position, and other prop-
erties of objects around us. The word Geometry comes from the Greek word that means
“earth measure”.
Geometric Drawing
It is used particularly in construction fields that demand specific dimensions, Measured scales,
true sides, sections, and various other descriptive view.
Geometrical Term
POINT– This refers to a geometric figure without

any dimension. it only shows position.
LINE/ LINE SEGMENT– It is the shortest distance between two points.
BISECT– To divide a line into two equal parts.
ANGLE– It is formed by two rays with a common point called Vertex
13
Regular polygon a polygon is a shape made up of three or more straight lines with no
curved, bent or open sides/edges. All polygon angles and sides are equal to each oth-
er, and all regular polygon angles convex; or outward pointing, while Irregular polygon is a
multi-sided figure and no equal sides.
TRIANGLE– A figure having three angles and three sides.
1. SCALENE – Is a triangle with unequal sides and angles.
2. ISOSCELES– Is a triangle with two equal sides and angles.
3. EQUILATERAL– Is a triangle which has 3-equal side and 3-equal angles.
4. RIGHT– Is a triangle with a right angle.
SQUARE- A four sided polygon, all sides are equal, it has 90° interior angles.
PENTAGON– A five sided polygon, all sides are equal.
14
SELF CHECK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 1.2-1
Try to answer the Self Check no 1.2-1 was best as you can without looking at the Information
Sheet.
A. Directions: Read each item carefully, then write the correct answer in your
QUIZ NOTEBOOK.
1. It is used particularly in construction fields that demand specific dimensions, Measured scales,
true sides, sections, and various other descriptive views.
2. This refers to a geometric figure without any dimension. It only shows position.
3. It is the shortest distance between two points.
4. It is formed by two rays with a common point called vertex.
5. The word geometry comes from the Greek words that means ___________.
6-7. Give the two groups of polygons
_____________________________
_____________________________
8-10. Enumerate at least 3 regular polygons.
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Additional Learning Activity: H5P - Flash Card
15
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANSWER KEY
> 1.2-1
A
1. Geometric figure
2. Point
3. Line segment
4. Angle
5. Earth measure
6-7 Regular polygon, Irregular polygon
8-10 (possible answers) - Equilateral Triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon,

octagon, nonagon, decagon, undecagon
RATING SCALE:
9-10 91-100 Very Good
7-8 86-90 Good
4-6 81-85 Fair
Date:_________________________
Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90-100% of the items
correctly, proceed to the next learning topic. If not, review the lesson and try
again answer the Self Check to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.
Good luck!!
16
TASK SHEET
. . . . . . . . . . . . > 1.2-1
Try to perform Task Sheet no 1.2-1 with given instructions in the task sheet.
Directions: Construct border lines and title block using A3 size bond paper and pencil.
Apply alphabet of lines with proper weight of lines. Follow the illustration and dimensions
given below. All dimensions are in millimeters (mm), use upper case letters and guidelines in
lettering, maximum height of letter is 5mm only. Observe proportion of letters. Follow Stand-
ard Operating Procedures (SOP) and work instructions.
MATERIALS AND TOOLS NEEDED:
 Pencil or mechanical pencil, A3 size bond paper, masking tape, Triangles 30°X 60°,
T-square, sharpener, Drawing table or Drawing Board.
10
30 mm 10
100 90 90 70
5
SCHOOL: TITLE: DESIGNER: SHEET CONTENT: SHEET NO:
30 MAYAMOT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL JUAN E. DELA CRUZ SQUARE

GEOMETRICAL
GREEN HIEGHT SUBD. NEWTOWN I-A,
MAYAMOT ANTIPOLO CITY CONSTRUCTION DATE: AUGUST 24, 2020 PENTAGON PT-1
TEACHER: DONALD A. SE HEXAGON
10
3 MM HIEGHT
OF LETTERS
5 MM HIEGHT
OF LETTERS
17
Proper Handling of Measuring
> 1.3-1
Instruments
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Information Sheet
The following are suggested Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in drawing/ job
requirements and work instructions.
Standard Operating Procedure
Setting up tools and materials:

1. To perform safety procedures in preparing drawings, always clean the working place
specially the drawing table/board before beginning your work then clean the drawing in-
struments before you set up drawing materials on the drawing board or table.
1.1 1.2 1.3
2. The first step in creating a traditional technical drawing is to align the paper so that it will
be positioned square to the parallel bar. Use T-square as your guide.
2.1 2.2
3. To secure the drawing paper on the drawing table or drawing board, use masking tape
with 1/4 thick in each corner of your drawing paper.
3.1 3.2 3.3
SOP Technical Drafting -https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrIs5eU1WvUrzy3IGSA3dhw
18
Directions: Construct Geometrical Figures mechanically/ compass method. Read and follow
the step-by-step procedures with the given geometrical problem/s. Reminder, all construction lines
should be constructed in light lines or thin lines. To create thin lines, hold your pencil lightly.
GIVEN PROBLEM:
1. Construct a square with 60 mm given one side.
2. Construct a Pentagon with 90 diameter
3. Construct a Hexagon with 50 radius
 Pencil or mechanical pencil, A3 size bond paper, masking tape, Triangles 30°X 60°, T-square,
sharpener, Drawing table or Drawing Board.
TITLE: GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION SHEET NO: PT - 1
SHEET CONTENT: SQUARE DATE:__________________
PENTAGON
HEXAGON
Assessment Tool: Performance Rubrics

Name:___________________________________ Date:___________________
Grade and Section:____________________________
Criteria 5 points 3 points 1 point

Perform the task with com- Perform the task with Perform the task with com-
Accuracy petence and exceptional competence and with petence but below stand-
performance standard performance ard performance
Alphabet of lines con- Alphabet of lines are con- Alphabet of lines are con-
Legibility structed legibly structed but some are not structed but most of the
according to the standard legibly lines are not legibly
Perform the task with no Perform the task with at Perform the task with more
Neatness
error least 1-2 errors than 2 errors
Time Finish the work on/ before Finish the work after the Unable to finish the work
Management/ the given time given time
Speed
Rating Scale
17—20 91—100 Outstanding
13—16 86—90 Very Good
9—12 81— 85 Good
5—8 76—80 Fair
1—4 71—75 Needs Improvement
Teachers Signature:_____________________ Date:_____________________
19
Trigonometric Functions,
Algebraic Equations
1.4-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . > Information Sheet
Regular Polygons. Skills in constructing regular polygons is necessary in principles of designing

and in Technical drawing.
Problem #1
1. To Construct a square with 60 mm given one side.
1.1 Draw a base line in light line only, 1.4 Bisect arc A1, A2, using point A1 open the
locate point A with the base line then compass more than a half of arc A1, A2 and
using drawing compass get the distance strike an arc, then without changing the opening
of 60mm. of the compass use the point A2 as reference
and strike again strike an arc with the previous
arc then locate point C.
A Base line
1.4.1
1.2 Using point A as a reference point
transfer the distance set in the compass
in the base line with that distance locate
point B.
1.4.2
1.3 Draw an extension line to the right

from point A, with point A as reference
open the compass more than a half of
line segment AB then draw a semi-circle
with the extension line and locate point
A1, A2. 1.5 Using point C, draw a perpendicular
line with the point A. Using the point A
with the distance of point B, strike an
arc to the perpendicular line and locate
point D.
20
1.6 With the point D as reference point and with the
distance of point AB line segment, strike an arc to
the left then using the point B as the reference point
with out the changing of the opening of the com-
pass strike an arc with the pervious arc and locate
point E will be the last corner of a square.
1.7 Finally, draw a square by connecting point

A, B, C and E and draw visible line of a square
1. Construct a square with 60 mm given one side.
Note: Visible lines are constructed in a single stroke only. Thicker than construction lines
21
2.4 With the intersections of the two arcs as
Problem #2 point of bisector draw a line bisector then
locate point C and point D. Using compass
2. To Construct a Pentagon with 90 diameter
With the point C as reference point get the dis-
2.1. Locate point A as a center of a circle, then tance of point D and strike an arc intersecting
set the drawing compass with 45 mm. radius. with horizontal line in the circle then locate
Using point A as a center of a circle, construct a point E.
circle with 90Ø. 2.4.1
2.2 Draw a horizontal line in the circle passing to

2.4.2
the center of a circle and intersecting with the
two opposite point in the circumference. Next
draw vertical line in the circle passing to the
point A and also intersecting with two opposite
point in the circumference and locate point B.
2.5 With the compass use point D as refer-

ence point with the distance of point E strike
an arc intersecting in the circumference of the
circle and locate point F and G.
2.5.1
2.3 Using compass bisect a line segment AB

open the compass more than a haft of line seg-
ment AB with the point A as a reference point
strike an arc to the upper and lower portion of
line segment AB. With out changing the opening
of the compass using point B as reference also
strike an arc to the upper and lower portion of
the line AB where intersecting in the previous
arcs.
2.5.2
22
2.6 Using point F as reference point. With the distance of point D and F, strike an arc with
the circumference locate point H and point G as reference point with the distance of point D
and F again strike an arc with the circumference then locate point I. Then connect point D
and F, point D and G, point F and H, point G and I. and point H and I. Finally construct a
Pentagon with visible lines.
2.6.1 2.6.2
Problem #3
3. To construct a hexagon with 50 mm radius. 3.2 Bisect line segment BC using com-
First locate point A as center. Set the compass pass method. Using point B as refer-
with 50 mm radius then draw a circle. ence point, with the distance of point A,
draw an arc and locate point D and E.
Then using point C as reference point
with the distance of point A again, draw
an arc and locate point F and G.
A D
3.1.1 B C
A
3.1 Draw a horizontal line passing to the center of
a circle and locate Point B and C.
E
D F
3.1.2
B A C
B A C
E G
3.3 Finally, connect point B, D, D F
F, C, G, E and B to complete
the six (6) sides of the hexagon 3.1.2
and draw visible lines
B C
A
E G
23
. . . . . .
2. CONSTRUCT A PENTAGON WITH 90 DIAMETER 3. CONSTRUCT A HEXAGON WITH 50 RADIUS
24
instruments
. . . . . . . .
Select measuring
1. CONSTRUCT A SQUARE WITH 60 MM GIVEN ONE SIDE
MAYAMOT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL JUAN E. DELA CRUZ SQUARE

GEOMETRICAL DATE: AUGUST 24, 2020 PENTAGON PT-1
GREEN HIEGHT SUBD. NEWTOWN I-A,
MAYAMOT ANTIPOLO CITY CONSTRUCTION TEACHER: DONALD A. SE HEXAGON
> LO1
SAMPLE OUTPUT
MODULE CONTENT
Unit of Competency: PERFORM MENSURATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

Modules Title: Performing Mensurations and Calculations
Module Descriptor: This Module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
required to perform mensuration's and calculations
Nominal Duration: 8 hrs.
Learning Outcomes: At the end this module you must be able to:
Assessment
Criteria: 2.1 Accurate measurements are obtained according to job
requirements
2.2 Alternative measuring tools are used without sacrificing
cost and quality of work
2.3 Calculation needed to complete work tasks are performed
using the four basic process of addition (+), subtraction (-),
multiplication (x) and division (/) including but not limited to:
trigonometric functions, algebraic computations
2.4 Calculations involving fractions, percentages and mixed
numbers are used to complete workplace tasks
2.5 Numerical computation is self-checked and corrected for
accuracy
2.6 Instruments are read to the limit of accuracy of the tool
2.7 Systems of measurement identified and converted
according to job requirements/ISO
2.8 Work pieces are measured according to job requirements
Contents: 1. Visual Object and Shape

2. Objectives in Drafting
3. Elements of Guidelines
4. Alphabet of Lines
5. Pictorial Drawing
6. Proper handling of measuring instruments
7. Calculation by addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division: trigonometric functions, Algebraic equations
8. Proper handling of measuring instruments
25
Alternative measuring tools are used without sacrificing cost and quality of work
Conditions: 1. Workplace location
- Drawing Table/ drawing board
- Stool
2. Problems to solve
- Sample geometrical problem/s
3. Measuring Instruments
- Foot rule
- Triangular scale
- Protractor
- T-square
- Triangles (30°X60°/ 45°X45°)
4. Instructional materials
- Drawing compass
- A3 size bond paper
- Pencil
- Eraser
- Sharpener
- Masking tape 1/4 thick
Methodology: 1. Simulation
2. Discussion
3. Practical exercise
Assessment Method: 1. Direct observation

2. Written / Oral test
3. Demonstration
26
Learning Experiences
Learning Activities Special Instructions
If you have questions or clarifications do

not hesitate to ask the trainer
Read Information Sheet no. 2.1-1 Visual

Object and Shape Try to answer the Self Check no. 1.1-2 as
best as you can without looking at the Infor-
Answer Self-check 2.1-1 and Compare mation Sheet
answer to Answer Key 2.1-1
Read Information Sheet no. 2.2-1 Objec-
tives in Drafting
Try to answer the Self Check no. 2.2-1/ 2.2-2
Read Information Sheet no. 2.2-2 Ele-
ments of Guidelines as best as you can without looking at the Infor-
mation Sheet
Answer Self-check 2.2-1 / 2.2-2 and com-
pare answer to Answer Key 2.2-1/ 2.2.-2
Read Information Sheet no. 2.3-1 The Try to answer the self check no. 2.3-1 as
Alphabet of Lines best as you can without looking at the Answer
Key
Answer Self-Check 2.3-1 and compare
Read Information Sheet no. 2.4-1 Pictorial
Drawing Try to answer the self check no. 2.4-1 as
best as you can without looking at the Answer
Answer Self-Check 2.4-1 and compare Key
Read Information Sheet no. 2.5-1 Calcula-
tion by Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication
and Division: Trigonometric Functions and
Algebraic Equation
Perform Task Sheet 2.6-1 and Use Self- Try to perform Task sheet 2.5-1 to 2.8-1 as
Assessment Tool: Performance Rubrics best as you can.
Perform Task Sheet 2.7-1 and Use Self-
27
> 2.1-1
Visual Object and Shape
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Information Sheet
In relation to the previous discussion, Descriptive Geometry is the grammar of the geo-
metric language. It is the three-dimensional geometry forming the background of the practical
applications of the language and through which many of its problems may be solved graphical-
ly. Technical Drafting generally has two types in technical working or with industry production.
The two types of drawing according to their application are Instrumental or Mechanical Drawing
and Technical Sketching or Freehand Drawing. Mechanical Drawing should be applied
only to a drawing made with drawing instruments. The use of “ mechanical drawing “ to denote
all industrial drawings is unfortunate not only because such drawings are not always mechani-
cally drawn but also because that usage tends to belittle the broad scope of the graphic lan-
guage by naming it superficially for its principal mode of execution. Technical Sketching is the
free-hand expression of the graphic language, Free-hand drawing is the most valuable tool
for engineers and others engaged in technical work because through it, technical ideas are
easily represented effectively even without special equipment. Blueprint Reading is the term
applied to the “reading” of the language from drawings made by others. Actually, the blueprint
process is one of many forms by which drawings are reproduced today. But the term blueprint
reading has been accepted through the usage to mean the interpretation of all ideas expressed
on technical drawings.
Mechanical Drawing Free-hand drawing
Blueprint
28
SELF CHECK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.1-1
Try to answer the Self Check no 2.1-1 as best as you can without looking at the Information
Sheet
A. Directions: Read each item carefully, then write t the correct answer in your
QUIZ NOTEBOOK.
1. Is the term applied to the “reading” of the language from drawings made by others.
2. A type of drawing applied only to a drawing made with drawing instruments.
3. This is a type of drawing without using any drawing instrument/ tool.
B. Directions: Identify the illustrations below. Write MD for Mechanical
4. Drawing and FHD for Free-Hand Drawing.

6.
5.
9.
7.
8.
10.
Now check your answer using the answer key. If you got 90-100% of the items
Good luck!!
29
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANSWER KEY
> 2.1-1
A.
1. Blue print
2. Instrumental or Mechanical Drawing
3. Technical Sketching or Free-Hand Drawing
B.
4. FHD
5. MD
6. MD
7. MD
8. FHD
9. FHD
10. FHD
RATING SCALE:
9-10 91-100 Very Good
7-8 86-90 Good
4-6 81-85 Fair
Date:_________________________
Good luck!!
30
>
Objectives in Drafting
. . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2-1
Information Sheet
Objectives in Drafting The student who practices and learns correct manipulation of the
drawing instruments will eventually be able to draw correctly by habit, thus giving his or her full
attention to the problems at hand. The following are the important objectives the student
should strive to attain:
1. ACCURACY - No drawing is at its maximum usefulness if it is not accurate. The students

can not achieve success in a college career or later in professional employment if the habit of
accuracy is not acquired.
2. SPEED - “Time is gold” in industry, and there is no demand for the slow drafter, techni-
cian, or engineer. However, speed is not attained by hurrying; it is an unsought by-product of
intelligent and continuous work. It comes with study and practice. Most likely, projects have
deadlines. Every drawing project should meet the indicated time frame. One must also not for-
get the accuracy of the drawing.
3. LEGIBILITY - The drafter, technician or engineer should remember that drawing is a means
of communication to others. Care should be given to details, specially to lettering.
4. NEATNESS - If a drawing is to be accurate and legible, it must also be clean. There-fore,

the student should constantly strive to acquire the habit of neatness. Untidy drawings is the re-
sult of sloppy and careless methods and will be unacceptable to a teacher or perhaps employ-
er.
ELEMENTS OF GUIDELINES
. . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.2-2
Information Sheet
Lettering and not “printing” is the correct term for making letters by hand, Printing
means production of printed materials on a printing press.
The Lettering Styles:
31
Guidelines are essential for good lettering. They are used to control the height and
uniformity of the letters, either vertical or inclined. Guidelines should be drawn with the aid of the
T-square for horizontal. Guidelines are constructed in light lines only or thin lines.
32
SELF CHECK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.2-1
Try to answer the self check no 2.2-1 as best as you can without looking information
sheet“Gawin ang TAMA kahit walang Nakakakita”
A. Directions: Enumerate the given statement below.
1-4. What are the important objectives in Technical Drafting that should be developed to
become a good draftsman? _______________, _______________, _________________,
_________________
SELF CHECK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.2-2
A. Directions: Identify the following. Write the word of the correct answer in your
answer sheet
Good luck!!
33
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANSWER KEY
> 2.2-1
A.
1-4. Accuracy, Legibility, Neatness, Speed
(Note: Any order)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANSWER KEY
> 2.2-2
B.
1. Upper case letter
2. Waistline
3. Capline
4. Dropline
5. Baseline
6. Lower case letter
RATING SCALE:
9-10 91-100 Very Good
7-8 86-90 Good
4-6 81-85 Fair
Date:_________________________
34
. . . . . . . . . . . .
The Alphabet of Lines
> 2.3-1
Information Sheet
The Alphabet of Lines. Each line on a technical drawing has a definite meaning
and is drawn in a certain way. The conventions endorsed by the American National Standards
Institute, ANSI Y14.2M-1979.
Line is the basis of a drawing. The set of conventional symbols covering all the
lines needed for different purpose may be called Alphabet of Lines.
1. OBJECT OR VISIBLE LINE
(Thick)
- Used to represent the visible edges of an object.
OBJECT OR VISIBLE LINE

2. HIDDEN OR INVISIBLE LINE
(Medium)
- Used to represent the hidden edges of an object. It is composed of small or short dashes
3. DIMENSION LINE
(Thin) Dimension Lines with
● Used to indicate measurements or dimensions of arrow head
objects.
Dimension Lines
PARTS OF A DIMENSION LINE with Architectural
ARROWHEAD or ARCHITECTURAL THICK tick
● short heavy stroke (called flares) placed at the 3000

extremities of the fine line.
FINE LINE
● unbroken except to permit insertion of the
dimension figure.
NUMBER OR MEASUREMENT
● usually positioned at the middle of the fine line
and its axis is perpendicular to it .
35
4. EXTENSION OR PROJECTION LINES
(Thin)
● Continuous lines extending from a view to
indicate the extent of a measurement given by a
dimension line that is located outside a view.
5. CENTER LINE
(Thin)
3000
● Made with alternate long and short
dashes. It is used to indicate the axis
DIA 2000
or center of objects with symmetrical
shapes such as washers, gears, pulleys
and rivets.
6. CUTTING PLANE LINE

(Thick)
● Consists of one long and two alternative CUTTING PLANE LINE
dashes. It is used to represent or show the
path of the plane which cuts the objects that
makes a section. It is clearly identified with
reference letters a long with arrowheads to
show the direction in which the view is taken.
7. SECTION LINES
(Thin)
● Evenly spaced slant lines
which are placed on the cut sur-
face in section views. Usually,
they are drawn at an angle of
45° except in cases where a
number of adjacent parts are
shown assembled.
8. CONSTRUCTION LINES
(Very Fine)
● Used to ³block in´ objects to be drawn.
9. LEADER LINE
(Thin)
● A broken line consisting of a long inclined line (with an arrow-
head) and a short horizontal line. It is used to lead the eyes to
the part being labeled and measured and is commonly used in
machine Drawings.
36
10. REFERENCE LINE
(Thin)
● An irregular curved line with an arrowhead at one
end and a note or dimension at the other end. It is
often used to label the parts of an object.
11. BREAK LINES

(Thin)
● Used to break objects which are too big to be
drawn on paper.
a. LONG BREAK LINES

● ruled lines with freehand zigzags .
b. SHORT BREAK LINES

● wavy lines in freehand
12. PHANTOM LINES

(Medium)
● Consists of two dashes drawn repeatedly and
one long dash. It is used to indicate show the
moving parts of an object.
13. BORDER LINES
(Heavy)
● Generally the heaviest or darkest lines in a
drawing. They serve as frame in the drawing
37
SELF CHECK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.3-1
Try to answer the self check no 2.3-1 as best as you can without looking Information Sheet.
A. Directions: Read each item carefully, then write the letter of the correct
answer in your QUIZ NOTEBOOK.
1. What alphabet of line is made with alternate long and short dashes which is used to indicate the axis
or center of objects with symmetrical shape?
2. Which of the alphabet of lines is used to represent the visible edges of an object?
3. A line (straight or curve) which touches the circumference of a circle at only one point.
A. center line B. dimension line C. reference line D. leader line
4. What is Cutting plane line?
A. a line used to define the location of the imaginary cut that creates the matching section view
B. a line used to identify the imagined cut portion of a part in a section view
C. a line used to define a part feature that is not visible in a specific view
D. a line used to define the measurement of a part feature
5. Which of the following functions illustrates the use of center lines?
A. used to define the measurement of a part feature
B. used to define a part feature that is not visible in a specific view
C. used to indicate the axis or center of objects with symmetrical shapes such as washers, gears,
pulleys and rivets.
D. used to define the location of the imaginary cut that creates the matching section view
B. Directions: Identify the given illustrations of alphabet of lines below. Write the
word/s of the correct answer.
Additional Activities: H5P - Presentation
Good luck!!
38
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANSWER KEY
> 2.3-1
A
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. C
B.
6. Leader line
7. Dimension line
8. Visible or Object line
9. Center line
10. Cutting plane line
RATING SCALE:
9-10 91-100 Very Good
7-8 86-90 Good
4-6 81-85 Fair
Date:_________________________
39
Pictorial Drawing
. . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.4-1
Information Sheet
Orthographic Projection is the graphical representation of the different views of an
object to show the necessary information or details needed. Orthographic projections are two (2)
dimensional drawing of different views of a three (3) dimensional object.
Orthographic projection and
Pictorial drawings have six
(6) possible views that can
be projected:
1.Front view
2.Rear view
3.Right side view
Orthographic – this word comes

from the greek words “orthos” and
“graphos” meaning straight and
to draw.
View — this term as used in ortho-
graphic projection is the different
positions that an object may be
projected and this is done by ex-
tending perpendicular lines to the
plane from all parts of the object.
Pictorial drawing
Planes of projection –
this is the picture planes
which the views of the
objects are viewed of
projected.
Projections – this is the

perpendicular or lines
extending from the ob-
ject to the plane.
40
Pictorial drawing
Drawings that show objects as they would

appear in a photograph are called pictorial
drawings.
The most common of these are known as
oblique, axonometric and perspective
drawing. Pictorial drawing shows likeness
(shape) of an objects viewed by the observer.
It represents a portion of the object and shows
the method of its construction. Drawings that
show objects as they would appear in a
photograph are called Pictorial Drawings. The
most common of these are known as Oblique,
Isometric and Perspective Pictorial Draw-
ing.
Axonometric projection is a type of parallel projection used to create a pictorial drawing of

an object, where the object is rotated along one or more of its axes relative to the plane of projec-
tion. "Axonometric" means "to measure along axes". Axonometric projection shows an image of an
object as viewed from a skew direction in order to reveal more than one side in the same picture.
Since the 1920s axonometry, or parallel perspective, has provided an important graphic technique
for artists, architects, and engineers. Like linear perspective, axonometry helps depict 3D space on
the 2D picture plane. From the middle of the 19th century, according to Jan Krikke (2006) isometry
became an "invaluable tool for engineers, and soon thereafter axonometry and isometry were in-
corporated in the curriculum of architectural training courses in Europe and the U.S.
Isometric Pictorial Drawing

(Isometric means “equal measure”) a pictorial drawing showing the three surfaces of the object
tilted 30 degrees in front of the observer.
The three Isometric axes are the Vertical axis and two 30 degrees axes. Any line parallel to one of
these is called Isometric line. A line that is not parallel to the Isometric axes is called Non-
Isometric line. It should be noted that the angles in the isometric projection of the cube are
either 120 degrees or 60 degrees and all of the projections are 90 degrees angles.
Three types of Axonometric Drawing
41
Orthographic third angle Projection
Vertical Axis
HEIGHT
The most common characteristics of an Isometric Drawing are:

Most common Axonometric Pictorial Drawing.
Constructed with the two faces 30° above the horizontal.
The axes are 120° between each axis.
Lines that are horizontal are drawn at 30°.
Vertical lines remain vertical.
Circle or rounded surfaces of an object, when drawn into Isometric, becomes
an ellipse.
42
SELF CHECK
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.4-1
Try to answer the self check no 1.4-2 as best as you can without looking at the Information
Sheet, “Gawin ang TAMA kahit walang Nakakakita”
A. Directions: Read each item carefully, then write the word/s of the correct
answer in your QUIZ NOTEBOOK.
1.These are two dimensional drawings of different views of a three-dimensional object.
2. These are planes where the views of the objects are viewed of projected.
3. The perpendicular or lines extending from the object to the plane is called ________.
4-5 Give at least 2 different planes of projection.
6. Drawings that show objects as they would appear in a photograph is called ________
7-9. Give the different types of pictorial drawing
10. What are the common oblique pictorial drawing
Additional Activities: H5P - Presentation
again answer the self check to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery.
Good luck!!
43
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANSWER KEY
> 2.4-1
1. Orthographic projection/s
2. Planes of Projection
3. Projection/s
4-5. Frontal plane
Horizontal plane
Profile plane
6. Pictorial drawing
7-9. Oblique pictorial drawing
Axonometric pictorial drawing
Perspective pictorial drawing
10. Cabinet oblique drawing
Cavalier oblique drawing
RATING SCALE:
9-10 91-100 Very Good
7-8 86-90 Good
4-6 81-85 Fair
Date:_________________________
44
Calculation by Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication
and Division; Trigonometric Functions and
algebraic Equation
. . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.5-1
Information Sheet
Steps in Constructing Isometric Pictorial Drawing
Sample Given Problem
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1. Draw the principal axes with base line, using

30° X 60° triangle.
2. Layout the total Height, Width and Depth to form the ISOMETRIC BOX.
2.1 2.4
2.2 2.3
ISOMETRIC BOX
45
3. Layout all other measurements according to the given Orthographic Projection with
dimension
3.1
4. Outline actual shape using construction lines.
4.1
5. Complete the visible edges. Note : All construction lines should be drawn
in light lines only.
5.1
46
Sample Steps in Constructing Four (4) Center Ellipse with Different Positions
R3
R3 R3
R1 R2 R1
R1
R4 R2 R2 R4
R4
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW R-SIDE VIEW
How to Draw an Ellipse by Four-Center Method

There are various methods in drawing an ellipse. The following steps and illustrations
are the simpler and easier way to understand the step-by-step procedures in constructing
four (4) Center Ellipse with different positions.
1. Front View Position of an Ellipse
1.1 Construct the isometric square of the circle where the ellipse is located using the
given diameter of the circle. Then bisect the four sides of the isometric square of an ellipse
locate point A,B,C,D,E, and F.
1.2 Draw line segment AF, BD, AE and BC to locate the R1 and R2, R3 and R4 of an
ellipse
1.3 Using drawing compass with point R1 as a reference point, get the distance of
point E or D and draw an arc of ellipse then R2 as reference point again draw an arc.
1.4 Using R3 as reference point with the distance of point C or D draw an arc of el-
lipse. Then with the R4 as reference with the distance of point E or F again draw an arc.
1.5 Finally, draw visible line intended for the ellipse.
1.1 E 1.2 E
B B
D D R1 R3
R4
A F R2 F
A
C C
30°
1.4
1.3
R3
R3 R1
R1
R2 R2
R4
R4
47
1.5
R1
R4 R2
FRONT VIEW
Sample application:
Front view position of Four (4)

Center Ellipse
48
2. Top View Position of an Ellipse
2.1 Construct the isometric square of the circle where the ellipse is located using the
given diameter of the circle. Then bisect the four sides of the isometric square of an ellipse
locate point A,B,C,D,E, and F.
2.2 Draw line segment AE, BC, AD and BF to locate the R1 and R2, R3 and R4 of an
ellipse.
2.3 Using drawing compass with point R1 as a reference point, get the distance of
point C or D and draw an arc of ellipse, then R2 as reference point with the distance of E or
F again draw an arc.
2.4 Using R3 as reference point with the distance of point C or D draw an arc of
ellipse. Then with the R4 as reference with the distance of point E or F again draw an arc.
2.5 Finally, draw visible line intended for the ellipse.
B
B
2.2 D R4
2.1 D E
E
R1 R2
C R3 F
30° C F 30°
A
A R3
TOP VIEW 2.4
R3
2.3 R1 R2
R1 R2
R4
2.5
R4
TOP VIEW
Sample application:
49
Top view position of Four (4)
Center Ellipse
3.2
3.1 E
E
B B F
F R4 R1
3. R-Side View Position of an
Ellipse D D R3
3.1 Construct the isometric square A R2 A
of the circle where the ellipse is located C C
using the given diameter of the circle.
Then bisect the four sides of the isomet-
ric square of an ellipse locate point R-SIDE VIEW
A,B,C,D,E, and F. 3.4
3.3
3.2 Draw line segment AE, BC, AD
and BF to locate the R1 and R2, R3 and R3 R3
R4 of an ellipse. R1 R1
3.3 Using drawing compass with
point R1 as a reference point, get the
distance of point C or D and draw an arc R2 R4 R2 R4
of ellipse, then R2 as reference point
with the distance of E or F again draw an
arc.
3.4 Using R3 as reference point 3.5
with the distance of point C or D draw an
arc of ellipse. Then with the R4 as R3
reference with the distance of point E or R1
F again draw an arc.
3.5 Finally, draw visible line intend-
ed for the ellipse. R2 R4
50
R-Side view position of Four (4)
Center Ellipse
51
Instruments
. . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.6-1
TASK SHEET
Try to perform Task Sheet no 2.6-1. Use the Information Sheet 2.5-1 as your guide.
Directions: Construct Isometric Pictorial Drawing with four (4) center Ellipse. All dimensions
should in enlarge scale of millimeters (scale 1:2 - Example: 10mm X 2 = 20mm). Reminder all con-
struction lines should be constructed in light lines or thin lines only, to create thin lines hold your
pencil lightly.
GIVEN PROBLEM:
TOP VIEW
10 5 5 10 10 5 5 10
10
10
10
ISOMETRIC PICTORIAL DRAWING
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW R-SIDE VIEW ISOMETRIC PICTORIAL DRAWING

 Pencil or mechanical pencil, A3 size bond paper, masking tape, Triangles 30°X 60°, T-square, sharpener,
Drawing table or Drawing Board.
TITLE: PICTORIAL DRAWING SHEET CONTENT: ISOMETRIC DRAWING
SHEET NO: PT-2 FOUR (4) CENTER ELLIPSE

DATE:__________________
52
Name:__________________________ Date:____________

Perform the task with Perform the task with Perform the task with
competence and excep- competence and with competence but below
Accuracy
tional performance standard performance standard perfor-
mance
Alphabet of lines con- Alphabet of lines are Alphabet of lines are
Legibility structed legibly according constructed but some constructed but most of
to the standard are not legibly the lines are not legibly
Perform the task with no Perform the task with at Perform the task with
Neatness
error least 1-2 errors more than 2 errors
Time Finish the work on/ be- Finish the work after the Unable to finish the
Management/ fore the given time given time work
Speed
Rating Scale
13—16 86—90 Very Good
9—12 81— 85 Good
5—8 76—80 Fair
53
Proper handling of measuring
instruments
. . . . . . . . . . . . > 2.7-1
TASK SHEET
Try to perform the Task Sheet no 2.7-1. Use the Information Sheet 2.5-1 as your guide
should be in enlarged scale of millimeters (scale 1:2 - Example: 10mm X 2 = 20mm). Reminders,
all construction lines should be constructed in light lines or thin lines only, to create thin lines hold
your pencil lightly.
GIVEN PROBLEM:
TOP VIEW
5 5 5 5
30
20
10
TOP VIEW
10 10 10 15 15
15
5
5
5

54
 Pencil or mechanical pencil, A3 size bond paper, masking tape, Triangles 30°X 60°, T-square, sharpener,
Drawing table or Drawing Board.
TITLE: PICTORIAL DRAWING
SHEET CONTENT: ISOMETRIC DRAWING
FOUR (4) CENTER ELLIPSE
SHEET NO: PT - 3
DATE:__________________

Name:__________________________ Date:____________

Accuracy
mance
Neatness
Speed
Rating Scale
13—16 86—90 Very Good
9—12 81— 85 Good
5—8 76—80 Fair
55
. . . . . .
56
SCALE: 1:2
Proper Handling of
. . . . . . . .
Measuring instruments
MAYAMOT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL JUAN E. DELA CRUZ ISOMETRIC DRAWING

GREEN HIEGHT SUBD. NEWTOWN I-A, PICTORIAL DRAWING DATE: AUGUST 24, 2020 FOUR CENTER ELLIPSE PT-3
MAYAMOT ANTIPOLO CITY TEACHER: DONALD A. SE
> LO2
SAMPLE OUTPUT
Instruments
. . . . . . . . . . . . >
2.8-1
TASK SHEET
Try to perform Task Sheet no 2.8-1. Use the Information Sheet 2.5-1 as your guide.
should be in enlarged scale of millimeters (scale 1:2 - Example: 10mm X 2 = 20mm). Reminder all
construction lines should be constructed in light lines or thin lines only, to create thin lines hold your
pencil lightly.
GIVEN PROBLEM:
15 15
7.5 15 7.5 15 15 5
15
7.5
15
7.5
10
57
 Pencil or mechanical pencil, A3 size bond paper, masking tape, Triangles 30°X 60°, T-square, sharpen-
er, Drawing table or Drawing Board.
TITLE: PICTORIAL DRAWING
SHEET CONTENT:
GIVEN PROBLEM:
ISOMETRIC DRAWING
TOP VIEW
FOUR (4) CENTER ELLIPSE
SHEET NO: PT - 4
DATE:__________________
58
Name:__________________________ Date:____________

Accuracy
mance
Neatness
Speed
Rating Scale
13—16 86—90 Very Good
9—12 81— 85 Good
5—8 76—80 Fair
59
. . . . . .
60
SCALE: 1:2
Proper Handling of
. . . . . . . .
Measuring instruments
MAYAMOT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL JUAN E. DELA CRUZ ISOMETRIC DRAWING

DATE: AUGUST 24, 2020 FOUR CENTER ELLIPSE PT-4
GREEN HIEGHT SUBD. NEWTOWN I-A, PICTORIAL DRAWING
MAYAMOT ANTIPOLO CITY TEACHER: DONALD A. SE
> LO2
SAMPLE OUTPUT
>
GLOSSARY
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Angle - is a figure formed by two rays meeting at a common end point called vertex.
Base line - a line serving as a base for the drawing objects, figures, and letters.
Drawing table - refers to a table where the drawing paper is laid and fastened.
Gothic letters - a single stroke letters.
Guidelines - used to regulate the height and uniformity of letters.

Proportion - is the principle of art that refers to relative size.
Protractor - an instrument that has a calibrated angel or degree ranging from 0 to 360
degree.
It is primarily use to plot on the drawing.
Ratio - indicates how many times one number contains another.

Regular polygons - a close figure where all sides and angles are equal.
Triangle - a drawing instrument in the form of right angle triangle.
Triangular scale - a tool used to enlarge or reduce measurement and distances to a regular
T-square - a T - Shaped instrument used for drawing or testing right angles. Used as
a guide in drawing horizontal lines and serves as a support for the
triangles when drawing vertical and inclined lines.
View - is the different positions that an object may be projected.
61
REFERENCES:
. . . . . . . . . . . >
BOOKS
Anthony M. Desmaya and Donald A. Se, Drafting and Design Technology Series I - IV Milsons’ Pub-
lication. Mayamot, Antipolo City
richardrrr.blogspot.com, Technology and Livelihood Education Entrepreneurship
Sunny Ojeda & Josephine Obispo, Architectural Drafting and Design Handbook, Marikina Polytech-
nic College
TESDA Training Regulations and Competency-Based Curriculum in Drafting Architectural Lay-out

and Details
INTERNET
Google.com Wikipedia
https://kidsparkeducation.org/system/files/documents/ratios-proportions-and-scale-drawings-curriculum-
packet-v20.pdf
https://www.google.com/search?ei=8O76XofZPIT7
QbdqKv4Bg&q=how+to+use+protractor&oq=how+to+use+protractor&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzICCAAyAggA
MgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BQgAEJECOgUIABCxAzoFCAAQgwE6BAgAEENQ6iRY2m
Rgn2xoAHAAeAKAAeQKiAH_OJIBEDAuMTAuMS4wLjIuMi4xLjKYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwiHkdODh6nqAhWEfd4KHV3UCm8Q4dUDCAw&uact=5#kpvalbx=_CPL6XvOaEoml-
QbJ06iQAw43
62

1.1-Mayamottdnciicblm Finalcom - Uc1 Donald

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

1.1-Mayamottdnciicblm Finalcom - Uc1 Donald

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1.1-Mayamottdnciicblm Finalcom - Uc1 Donald

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CONSTRUCTION

Qualification Title TECHNICAL DRAFTING NCII

Unit of Competency Perform Mensurations and Calculations

Module Title Performing mensurations and calculations

MAYAMOT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Answer Key 2.4-1………………………………………………………………………….. 44

A. drawing compass B. drawing divider C. pantograph D. protractor

3. To perform safety procedure in preparing drawings, which of following should a draftsman

A. 1.00 = 1mm B. 1.00 = 10mm. C. 1.00 = 100mm D. 1.00 = 1000mm

A. triangles B. protractor C. T-square D. L-square

A. always clean the drawing instruments after using them

A. center line B. dimension line C. hidden line D. visible line

17. What is a Cutting plane line?

The unit of competency PERFORMING MENSURATIONS AND

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

 Been working for some time

Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.

Assessing Quality of Re-

Starting the Computer

Operate a Personal Working with Files and

Planning and Preparing for

Planning and Preparing for

Elective Competencies (Structural Lay-outs and Details)

Plan and Prepare for Work

Unit of Competency: PERFORM MENSURATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

Modules Title: Performing Mensurations and Calculations

Nominal Duration: 8 hrs.

Assessment 1.1 Object or component to be measured is identified,

2.1 Measuring tools are selected/ identified as per object to be

3.1 Correct specifications are obtained from relevant sources

4.1 Appropriate measuring instruments are selected according

5. Formulas for Volume, Areas, Perimeters of Plane and

6. Proper Handling of Measuring Instruments

7. Calculation by Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and

8. Visual Object and Shape

Conditions: 1. Workplace location

Assessment Method: 1. Direct observation

2. Written / Oral test

If you have questions or clarifications do

Read information sheet no. 1.1-1 Four

Four Fundamental Operations

Common drafting measuring tools:

1. Protractor - it is used in setting a line degree angle.

3. Triangle - an instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.

Ratio and proportion is a drawing or illustration of a real object which has

40mm / 2 = 20mm Note that 40mm is divided by 2 = 20mm.

Unit conversion - Common conversion of measurements in Technical Drafting:

From right to left position

From left to right position

VIDEO PRESENTATION- https://www.google.com/search?ei=8O76XofZPIT7

1. This is a tool which is generally used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarged or

A. foot rule B. triangular scale C. triangles D. t– square

A. triangles B. protractor C. T-square D. L-square

3. Measuring an angle of 40° requires the use of:

A. an architecture’s scale. C. a protractor.

B. an engineer’s scale. D. the 30°/60° and the 45° triangle.

Teachers Signature:_ Date:_