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FOOTBALL
Football is the most popular sport in the world. Nearly half of the people in
the world are interested in football and one-fifth of them actually participate
in the sport. As per the Federation Internationale de Football Association
(FIFA), a combined 3.572 billion viewers – more than half of the global
population aged four and over – watched the 2018 FIFA World Cup
tournament.
Prominent Football Players:

• Men:
o Alfredo Di Stefano (Argentina)
o Roberto Baggio (Italy)
o Michel Platini (France)
o Johan Cruyff (Netherlands)
o Ronaldo (Brazil)
o Zinedine Zidane (France)
o Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal)
o Lionel Messi (Argentina)
o Diego Maradona (Argentina)
o Pele (Brazil)
o Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Sweden)
• Women:
o Lucy Bronze (England)
o Wendie Renard (French)
o Ada Hegerberg (Norway)
o Pernille Harder (Denmark)
o Lieke Martens (Netherlands)
o Sam Kerr (Australia)
o Marta (Brazil)
o Megan Rapinoe (USA)
o Alex Morgan (USA)

2. Field of Play:
 • The field of play must be a wholly natural or, if competition rules
permit, a wholly artificial playing surface except where competition
rules permit an integrated combination of artificial and natural
materials (hybrid system).
• The colour of artificial surfaces must be green.
• The field of play must be rectangular and marked with continuous
lines.
o The two longer boundary lines are touchlines. The two
shorter lines are goal lines.
o The field of play is divided into two halves by a halfway line,
which joins the midpoints of the two touchlines.
o The centre mark is at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle
with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) is marked around it.

2.1 Dimensions:

• The touchline must be longer than the goal line.

o Length (touchline):
▪ minimum 90 m (100 yds)
▪ maximum 120 m (130 yds)
o Length (goal line):
▪ minimum 45 m (50 yds)
▪ maximum 90 m (100 yds)
o Dimensions for international matches
▪ Length (touchline):
▪ minimum 100 m (110 yds)
▪ maximum 110 m (120 yds)
▪ Length (goal line):
▪ minimum 64 m (70 yds)
▪ maximum 75 m (80 yds)
▪ Competitions may determine the length of the goal line
and touchline within the above dimensions.

2.2: Goalposts:

• A goal must be placed in the centre of each goal line.

• The distance between the inside of the posts is 7.32 m (8 yds) and
the distance from the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is
2.44 m (8 ft).
 3. Rules of the Game:

Football is played by two teams of 11 players each with one referee and
two assistant referees on the ground. The game starts with each team
position in their half. The players aim to score a goal in the goalpost of
the opponent team. A goal is scored when the whole of the ball passes
over the goal line, between the goalposts and under the crossbar,
provided that no offence has been committed by the team scoring the
goal. The team scoring most goals wins the match.

3.1 Players:

• A match is played by two teams, each with a maximum of eleven

players; one must be the goalkeeper.
• The number of substitutes, up to a maximum of five, which may be
used in any match played in an official competition, will be
determined by FIFA.

3.2 Referee:

• Each match is controlled by a referee who has full authority to

enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match.
• The decisions of the referee regarding facts connected with play,
including whether or not a goal is scored and the result of the
match, are final.
• The referee may be assisted by a video assistant referee (VAR)
only in the event of a ‘clear and obvious error’ or ‘serious missed
incident’ in relation to: (i) goal/no goal, (ii) penalty/no penalty, (iii)
direct red card (not second caution) and (iv) mistaken identity when
the referee cautions or sends off the wrong player of the offending
team.
• Other match officials (two assistant referees, fourth official, two
additional assistant referees, reserve assistant referee, video
assistant referee (VAR) and at least one assistant VAR (AVAR))
may be appointed to matches.

3.3 Duration of the Game:

 • A match lasts for 90 minutes (two equal halves of 45 minutes)
which may only be reduced if agreed between the referee and the
two teams before the start of the match and is in accordance with
competition rules.
• Players are entitled to an interval at half-time, not exceeding 15
minutes; a short drinks break (which should not exceed one
minute) is permitted at the interval of half-time in extra time.

3.4 Fouls and Misconduct:

• Direct and indirect free kicks and penalty kicks can only be
awarded for offences committed when the ball is in play.
• A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the
following offences against an opponent in a manner considered by
the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force:
o charges
o jumps at
o kicks or attempts to kick
o pushes
o strikes or attempts to strike (including head-butt)
o tackles or challenges
o trips or attempts to trip
• If an offence involves contact it is penalised by a direct free kick or
penalty kick.
• A penalty kick is awarded if a player commits a direct free kick
offence inside their penalty area or off the field as part of play.

4. Equipment:

4.1 Ball:

• All balls must be:

o spherical
o made of suitable material of a circumference of between 70
cm (28 ins) and 68 cm (27 ins)
o between 450 g and 410 g in weight at the start of the match

5. Terms Associated with Football:

 • Centre spot, corner, corner arc, field, pitch, goal, goal line, halfway
line, penalty arc, penalty area, penalty spot, sideline, touchline,
back/fullback, forward, goalkeeper, linesman, midfielder, referee,
substitute, sweeper, (final) whistle, corner, corner kick, extra time,
free kick, header, kick-off, offside, penalty shoot-out, penalty,
throw-in, Hattrick, foul, left out, right out, stopper, defender, move,
pass, and come back.

6. Governing bodies:

• Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the

highest governing body of Football in the world was founded in
1904.
• FIFA is headquartered at Zurich, Switzerland.
• Gianni Infantino is the President of FIFA from 26 February 2016.
• There are six confederations recognized by FIFA which oversee
the game in the different continents and regions of the world.

7. International tournaments:

7.1 FIFA World Cup:

• The most prestigious football tournament of World.

o First Edition: Hosted by Uruguay in 1930 and won by
Uruguay
o Most Titles: Brazil - 5 (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002)
• FIFA U-20 World Cup
• FIFA U-17 World Cup
• FIFA Confederations Cup
• FIFA Club World Cup
• FIFA Futsal World Cup
• FIFA Women’s World Cup

7.2 FIFA Confederations Cup:

• UEFA European Football Championship (Euros)

• UEFA Nations League
• AFC Asian Cup
• CAF Africa Cup of Nations
• CONMEBOL Copa America
 • CONCACAF Gold Cup
• OFC Nations Cup

7.3 Club Competitions:

• FIFA Club World Cup

• UEFA Europa League
• AFC Champions League
• CONMEBOL Copa Libertadores

Tournament Country Popular Teams Most Titles

· Manchester
United
· Chelsea
· Manchester City
· Arsenal
· Blackburn
Rovers
Premier Manchester
England · Leicester City
League United (13 titles)
· Liverpool
· Aston Villa
· Crystal Palace
· Everton
· Tottenham
Hotspur

· Athletic Bilbao
· Atletico Madrid
· Barcelona
· Celta Vigo
Real Madrid (33
La Liga Spain · Real Madrid
titles)
· Sevilla
· Valencia
· Real Sociedad

· Bayern Munich
Bayern Munich
Bundesliga Germany · Bayer
(29 titles)
Leverkusen
 · Borussia
Dortmund
· Werder Bremen
· Borussia
Monchengladbach

· Juventus
· AC Milan
· Napoli Juventus (35
Serie A Italy
· Lecce titles)
· AS Roma

· Palmeiras
· Flamengo
· Santos Palmeiras
Brasileirao Brazil
· Corinthians (10 titles)
· Sao Paulo

· LA Galaxy
· D.C. United
· San Jose
Earthquakes
United States of
Major League · Sporting Kansas LA Galaxy (5
America and
Soccer City titles)
Canada
· Seattle Sounders
FC
· Houston Dynamo

· Boca Juniors
· Independiente
· Racing
Argentine River Plate (36
Argentina · River Plate
Primera titles)
· San Lorenzo de
Almagro

· Paris Saint- Saint-Etienne

France Ligue 1 France
Germain (10 titles)
 · Olympique
Lyonnais
· Olympique de
Marseille
· AS Monaco
· Saint-Etienne

8. Football in India:

• The origin of football in India can be traced back to 19th It was

introduced to students of Calcutta by British Soldiers.
• Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhakari, known as the Father of Indian
Football forced his classmates into playing the game in his school
compound. Attracted by the enthusiasm of the boys in the school,
the European teachers of the school and adjacent colleges
encouraged Nagendra Prasad and his companions to promote the
game among the students surrounding Calcutta.
• India’s first football tournament, Durand Cup was started by Sir
Mortimer Durand in 1888.
o The tournaments started as a military tournament and the
first edition was won by Royal Scots Fusiliers, who defeated
Highland Light Infantry 2–1 in the Finals.
• Calcutta FC, established in 1872 was the first football club of India.
• Mohun Bagan Athletic Club, the oldest surviving football club of
India was set up in 1889.
• The first Indian team to achieve success was Sovabazar Club,
which won the Trades Cup in 1892.
• The Indian Football Association (IFA) was established in Calcutta
in 1893 (no Indian members till 1920s).
• Mohun Bagan AC created history by defeating East Yorkshire
Regiment 2–1 in the finals of the IFA Shield and became the first
Indian team to win a major tournament.
• The Indian team which consisted of both Indian and British players,
led by the legendary Indian footballer Gostha Pal made a trip to Sri
Lanka in 1924.
• The All India Football Federation (AIFF) was formed in 1937, when
representatives of football associations of six regions met at the
Army Headquarters, Simla.
 • The first player ever to score a hat-trick for India in an international
football match was R. Lumsden. He achieved the feat in a friendly
match against Australia on 24 September 1938.
• India participated in the 1948 London Olympics and lost to France.
• India became the first Asian team to play in Olympic semi-
finals (1956 Olympics).
• Neville D'Souza became the first Asian to score a hat-trick in the
Olympics and he finished as the joint top goal scorer in the
tournament with 4 goals.

Tournaments won by Indian Football Team:

• AFC Challenge Cup (1): 2008

• Asian Games (2): 1951, 1962
• SAFF Championship (7): 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2009, 2011,
2015
• Nehru Cup (3): 2007, 2009, 2012

Prominent India Football Players:

• Men: Sunil Chhetri, Bhaichung Bhutia, Sandesh Jhingan, Gurpreet

Singh Sandhu, Jeje Lalpekhlua, Neville D’Souza, Sailen Manna, I.
M. Vijayan, Sheoo Mewalal, Shyam Thapa, Pradip Kumar
Banerjee, Sahal Abdul Samad, Udanta Singh and many more.
• Women: Ngangom Bala Devi, Sangita Basfore, Lako Phuti Bhutia,
Jyoti Ann Burrett, Oinam Bembem Devi, Aditi Chauhan, Grace
Dangmei, Dalima Chibber, Loitongbam Ashalata Devi, Maymol
Rocky and many more.