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MUSIC

Quarter 3 – Module 5

South Asia and Middle

East Music

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ABOUT THE MODULE
This module focuses on the instrumental music of India, Pakistan, Israel and West Asian
countries.

This module has only one part:

Lesson 2 – Instrumental Music of South Asia and Middle East

WHAT I KNOW (Pre-Test)

Instructions: Read the questions carefully and write the letters of the correct answer on
a separate sheet of paper with your name, grade and section, activity title/number.

1. How Ghan instruments are being played?

A. blowing B. plucking C. striking D. strumming
2. Which of the country mentioned below has five known traditional systems for
classification of instruments?
A. Korea B. India C. Israel D. Pakistan
3. It is a music that strengthens the importance of musical instruments in Pakistan.
A. dhol B. hazan C. punjabi D. shofar
4. It is known as the “blown air” instrument of India.
A. avannadh B. sushir C. tat D.vitat
5. It literally means “clap”.
A. khyal B. tabla C. tala D. theyka
6. It plays an important role in Indian music. .
A. harmony B. melody C. rhythm D. tone
7. Which of the following does not belong to Ghan musical instruments?
A. karta B. manjira C. nout D.sarangi
8. A dance that often has strong off beats and asymmetric meters.
A. darbuk B. hora C. shofar D. tal
9. The most common instrument for keeping the rhythm of Hindustani music.
A. mridangam B. tabla C. tala D. theka
10. It is a conch shell used for ritual and has a religious importance in Hinduism.
A. dhol B. ghan C. nout D. shankh
11. The following are the sushir instruments EXCEPT;
A. bansuri B. punjabi C. shankh D. surpeti
12. It is a 19-stringed instrument that originated from India.
A. esraj B. ghazal C. manjira D. sitar
13. These are bowed string instruments of India EXCEPT.
A. avanaddh B. ghan C.tat D. vitat
14. The following are significant instruments of Israel EXCEPT;
A. goblet B. Jewish lyre C. shehnai D. toft
15. It is a pair of twin hand drums from the Indian subcontinent.
A. daf B. dhol C. shehnai D. tabla

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 Lesson 1 Instrumental Music of South Asia and
Middle East

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

● analyze the instrumental music of South Asia and Middle East;
● classify the instruments according to its Hornbostel - Sachs of
Classification; and
● relate South Asia and Middle East music to the lives of the people.

WHAT’S IN

Activity 1.1 Nganli Sila?

Instructions: Name at least 5 instruments in the pictures below. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper with your name, grade & section, and activity number.

Image 1: https://tinyurl.com/bfe7hm6w

1._________________________ 4.____________________________
2._________________________ 5.____________________________
3._________________________

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 WHAT’S NEW/ WHAT IS IT

A. INDIA

There are many musical instruments of India. Some instruments are used primarily in
North Indian Music (Hindustani Sangeet) while many other instruments are used in South
Indian Music (Carnatic Sangeet). Instrumental music is often similar to vocal music but
sometimes they have distinctive instrumental styles. There are five known traditional
systems for classification of instruments.

Classification of Musical Instruments from India

1. Ghan
Described as a non-membranous percussive instrument but with solid resonators. It is
one of the oldest classes of instrument in India. It may also be a melodic instrument to
keep tal.

Ghatam, large, narrow-mouthed earthenware water pot used as

a percussion instrument in India.

Image 2: https://tinyurl.com/4ucbtmyp

Kartal are a pair of wooden blocks or frames with small metal

jingles mounted in them.

Image 3: https://tinyurl.com/5h2s8xjs

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 Manjira are small, finger cymbals from India, Tibet, and Pakistan.
They are played in pairs with each cymbal tuned to a different note.

Image 4: https://tinyurl.com/7a2wbvu

Nout (a.k.a. Nuht), is a small pot used in Kashmir as a percussion

instrument. It may be thought of as a north Indian

https://www.britannica

Image 5: https://tinyurl.com/jj2c9ckj

2. Avanaddh
Described as a membranous percussive instrument. This class of instruments typically
comprise the drums.

Daf is a large Kurdish and Persian frame drum used in popular and
classical music.

Image 6: https://tinyurl.com/2y9kcnsd

Dhol can refer to any one of a number of similar types of double-

headed drum widely used, with regional variations, throughout the
Indian subcontinent.

Image 7: http://indianmusicschool.com/dhol/

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 Tabla is a pair of twin hand drums from the Indian
subcontinent. The name tabla likely comes from tabl, the
Arabic word for drum.

Image 8: https://tinyurl.com/pasmjjcz

3. Sushir
Also known as “blown air”. It is characterized by the use of air to excite the various
resonators.

Shankh is a conch shell of ritual and religious

importance in Hinduism. It is the shell of a large
predatory sea snail, Turbinella pyrum, found in the
Indian Ocean

Image 9: https://tinyurl.com/sbrxatzp

Bansuri is a side blown flute originating from the Indian

subcontinent. It is an aerophone produced from bamboo,
used in Hindustani classical music

Image 10: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bansuri

Shruti box (surpeti) is an instrument originating from

the Indian subcontinent that traditionally works on a
system of bellows. It is similar to a harmonium and is
used to provide a drone in a practice session or concert
of Indian classical music

Image 11: https://tinyurl.com/ttxyu2ks

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 Shehnai is a musical instrument originating from the
Indian subcontinent. It is made out of wood with a double
reed at one end and a metal or wooden flared bell at the
other end.

Image 12: https://tinyurl.com/8cff3z5x

4. Tat
Referred to as Vina during the old civilization. Instruments in the class are
plucked (string instruments).

Sitar is a 19-stringed instrument that originated from India.

The instrument has a long neck and 19 strings.

Image 13: https://tinyurl.com/ftapuzck

Chitravina is a 20 or 21-string fretless lute in Carnatic

music. Around the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
it started to be known by another name, Gotuvadyam

Image 14: https://tinyurl.com/2hyscupy

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 Ektara is a one-stringed musical instrument used in the
traditional music of South Asia, and used in modern-day
music of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.

Image 15: https://tinyurl.com/66eymtkp

Gopichand usually has a stretched single string, an animal

skin over a head (made of dried pumpkin/gourd, wood or
coconut) and pole neck or split bamboo cane neck.

Image 16: https://tinyurl.com/amm2fx9j

Rabab is a lute-like musical instrument originating from

Northern Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Image 17: https://tinyurl.com/jxksvna5

5. Vitat
Described as bowed string instruments. This is one of the oldest classifications of
instruments and yet did not occupy a place in classical Indian music until the last
few centuries.

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Banam is an ancient fiddle like instrument played by the
Santals. The Santals play this generally one-stringed
instrument as an accompaniment to their songs and
dances like the Dasae, Sohrae, Don, Lagre and Karam.

Image 18: https://tinyurl.com/36xtayxw

Esraj also called the Indian harp is a string instrument found

in two forms throughout the north, central, and east regions
of India.

Image 19: https://tinyurl.com/kedy92c8

Chikara, a bowed string instrument from Rajasthan and is

used to play Indian folk music. This is a simple spike
fiddle played similar to the Sarangi, by sliding fingernails on
the strings.

Image 20:https://tinyurl.com/mdpsddpk

Sarangi is a bowed, short-necked string instrument from

India as well as Nepal which is used in Hindustani classical
music. It is the most popular musical instrument in
Western part of Nepal and said to most resemble the sound
of the human voice – able to imitate vocal ornaments such
as gamaks (shakes) and meends (sliding movements)

Image 21: https://tinyurl.com/d3ahda9h

TALA
Rhythm play an important role in Indian music. It is fundamental to the creation
of any musical system. Certainly, from a historical standpoint, rhythm existed many
centuries ago before the word “rag” was ever used. Given this historical pre-eminence, it

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is not surprising that rhythm occupies an important position in the Indian system of
music.

TALA – literally means “clap”: variously transliterated as “tal”, “taal”, or “taala”

- It is a regular, repeating rhythmic phrase, particularly as rendered on a
percussive instrument with an ebb and flow of various intonations
represented as a “theka”.
- It is the common Indian system of rhythm.
THEKA – a sequence of drum-syllables or “boi”
- In Indian classical music, both Hindustani classical music and carnatic
music use complex rules to create elaborate patterns of rhythm.
TABLA – most common instrument for keeping rhythm in Hindustani music.
MRIDANGAM – most common instrument for keeping rhythm in carnatic music.
- Also transliterated as “mridang”.

B. PAKISTAN
Pakistan is known for its unique vocals. The distinctive Pakistani sound was formed
with multiple influences not only from the various parts of South Asia but
it also includes diverse elements from Central Asia, Persia, Turkey and
the Arab world.

Instrumental Music

Punjabi music strengthens the importance of musical instruments in Pakistan.

Punjab is a region in South Asia which is divided into West Punjab, Pakistan and East
Punjab, India, Bhangra, one of the most recognized forms of Punjab, is based on the drum
rhythm of dhol.

Significant Instruments of Pakistan

Tabla Dholak
Image 22: https://tinyurl.com/4y9x6xf6 Image 23: https://tinyurl.com/5hx7v9rt

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 Harmonium Rubab
Image 24: https://tinyurl.com/3v9hxaf4 Image 25:https://tinyurl.com/knabfdjp

C. ISRAEL

Instrumental Music of Israel

The lute, which is similar to the Philippine banduria and the laud, traces its origins to the
Middle eastern oud and the Indian Sitar. Goblet drum, darbuk, the tambourine and other
instruments associated with Middle Eastern music are used as accompaniment. One of
the dances that often has strong offbeats and accompaniment is used is hora, a dance
that often has strong off beats and asymmetric meters.

Image 26:https://tinyurl.com/fzj3rsc

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 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

The music of India, Pakistan, Israel and West Asia are widely used as an expression
of their way of life and spiritual beliefs. Instruments add texture to any musical
performances.

WHAT I CAN DO

Activity 1.2 Ilha ang Kada Usa!

Instructions: Draw the table and the instruments on a bond paper and identify the
country of origin of each instrument then classify using Hornbostel-Sachs classification
(Aerophone, Membranophone, Chordophone). Write your answers with your name,
grade & section, and activity number. Submit it together with your answer sheets.

Musical Instrument Name of Country of Hornbostel-Sachs

Instrument Origin Classification

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 ASSESSMENT

Instructions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper with your name, grade and section.

1. These are bowed string instruments of India.

A. avanaddh B. ghan C.tat D. vitat
2. Which of the following does not belong to ghan musical instrument?
A. karta B. manjira C. nout D.sarangi
3. It is a pair of twin hand drums from the Indian subcontinent.
A. daf B. dhol C. shehnai D. tabla
4. It plays an important role in Indian music. .
A. harmony B. melody C. rhythm D. tone
5. It is a conch shell for ritual and has a religious importance in Hinduism.
A. dhol B. ghan C. nout D. shankh
6. It is known as the “blown air” instrument of India.
A. avannadh B. sushir C. tat D.vitat
7. The following are the sushir instruments EXCEPT;
A. bansuri B. punjabi C. shankh D. surpeti
8. It is a 19-stringed instrument that originated from India.
A. esraj B. ghazal C. manjira D. sitar
9. It literally means “clap”.
A. khyal B. tabla C. tala D. theyka
10. Which among the country mentioned below has five known traditional systems for
classification of instruments?
A. Korea B. India C. Israel D. Pakistan
11. The most common instrument for keeping the rhythm of Hindustani music.
A. mridangam B. tabla C. tala D. theka
12. How Ghan instruments are being played?
A. blowing B. plucking C. striking D. strumming
13. A music that strengthens the importance of musical instruments in Pakistan.
A. dhol B. hazan C. punjabi D. shofar
14. A dance that often has strong off beats and asymmetric meters.
A. darbuk B. hora C. shofar D. ta
15. The following are significant instruments of Israel EXCEPT;
A. goblet B. Jewish lyre C. shehnai D. toft

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Image 9: Shankh retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/sbrxatzp on April 24, 2021
Image 10: Bansuri retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bansuri on April 24, 2021
Image 11: Shruti box retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ttxyu2ks on April 24, 2021
Image 12: Shehnai retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ttxyu2ks on April 24, 2021
Image 13: Sitar retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ftapuzck on April 24, 2021
Image 14: Chitravina retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/2hyscupy on April 24, 2021
Image 15: Ektara retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/66eymtkp on April 24, 2021
Image 16: Gopichand retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/amm2fx9j on April 24, 2021
Image 17: Rabab retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/jxksvna5 on April 24, 2021
Image 18: Banam retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/36xtayxw on April 24, 2021
Image 19: Esraj retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/kedy92c8 on April 24, 2021
Image 20: Chikara retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mdpsddpk on April 24, 2021
Image 21: Sarangi retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/d3ahda9h on April 24, 2021
Image 22: Tabla retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/4y9x6xf6 on April 24, 2021
Image 23: Dholak retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/5hx7v9rt on April 24, 2021
Image 24: Harmonium retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3v9hxaf4 on April 24, 2021
Image 25: Rubab retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/knabfdjp on April 24, 2021
Image 26: Israel Musical Instruments retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/fzj3rsc on April 24, 2021

Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:

1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

● Name
● Grade and Section
● Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission of answer sheets as agreed with your teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you AND return them at the end of the school year
or whenever face-to-face interaction is permitted.

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