| Gq NTHAL ASSTGNMENT=2, To whet Ss equaled — power supply 7 woth reat Block: Hagran summarize the ooking ol 00 pouty sapply Also waentfou principle components Msed Sn each blecle , TA regal ated. power supply ensures that He oukpak current vemetus coustent, even ef Me fapat chenges , by conver bag. unregulated AC toa constant OC. | | arghewolles e Lev voltaze Unsnesthed : lated | + a) \~ . Te seated eeaue | [ee | | | a a | | ( she | | 1 aj | inn |} Reatttee| — | eae So) vabtge) frusferser | T\ genet - —— — LL | | Hiter?| ae | | | & The whas kaput fs akg wetakively bs gh | welkege | a step-down kvansler be appre prtate | esas vee Us used emvert £ 2 low viltage. BThe acc oukpuk Gren the brartsformen seembey Ge dren veekiteh veteng convential aflleon —rerhifter Mebes he produce an unsmeoctred eutput. i . s=.ssses appith fo a Bret teh th vregquiate Hoe oubpt velkage se Meek AL venhas relatively cons bank Qe sptte of varfaons SH both tend earrent and Treoud wp aafivs velfage.Heh vettege ae Lew relbage ac. Umsnathed did Saneteed ce Waulttel “SEEM D.C power supply showing prractpel compererts # The Wenn cored skep-doon trauskerner feeds aw weckter arrengenenk , : e The sutput of the vectfer % then applied fe 2 Wegh cvelae reservdiy cajactbr. thks capactler sherer a considerable aurounk ef charge and %s | bling constantly depped up wy Hee cellar arrange wment. The capatfor alse elps be cmrooth out the valbage pulses produced by the weeklter. w FRM « skalilldong clr eth prevides «consort oubput volkages. A wre Gradk Magren ont weave ferns, brtef ouk The operattow ok half-wave weektlfer votth Wlkers. | —— wena Ty Secondary +a velkage —y ev Sav a Neolkage ocrost BH ata C1 preset — y ov » Vay et] Se | Ripple Ry th Cy : Pi 7 precentt as | e The capacttor Ce Vo adtek | he ensure | Bret Nae eapettter) outer welbege — vensins ab, or weer, He peaks welkege over oye ee lene Gs ek conducttag & When the primary vellege f5 Etest applied E Th, he Rest podhive balk ~ cycle cubpak Bree Ye secondary chergt GQ te the peak volne ol wl Re charges seenw acess FE Mece jo WIV ak the peak of the pertkive halh cyte. we cress velkage Qe acres Because Cr anh RL are TH parollel, RL will be the same as HatBovecuss the weed of Gilkey cercath wth etweuit Wag vans enh saveforns brteh out dhe expression 4 —_— e | ak smoothing Klber or bull wave reek? ers, eo Nest | Nellage dep 7 Jacress @ Pr on D, n, o, oe eee . ye [ o . | , Vattnge Se ; | anPit A (ONE Rople wth capex ; ' 4 A Utter cavestf 5 needed We power supply systems fo veduce the ripple veltge and provide a smash DE, outeab. Fav a Pullesae vectther a commen smodening Piller 51 copii "a Fillersa Noltege orvet - Ry wtdhoat Cy \ ateaV aaa nae ov ple ri — EMadas vollege Canev) te applied eed Fok a skep- dows kvaushevmer CTY, The seco" WAV rea. S ~ (apprextn ately ev peak) | e{ ao4l) as belere. | dery | windtag provides a Frou geittive halk -eqeler, path A wil be pest fue | | Lerk vespeck de psiek GB. Lu Hie condi Ol |e WU West conduction Uiotele OS dana Oa AV wok low conductor. Fe On negative Maal - cycle , poink A, Te WSs condition 03 ductor while Dl aud B RU be posibie eee wespeck he pad Tad OH AW adler com Ppa AU vot allows conduchon , marin rated a A 5Vozemey dfole hac + | | | | power Kastpation of soanw Th the Kode ts | fe be ued Aan clenple Tegulator caveat be supply wequlated sv te a load heving a |etter persia os cee civestht~ ) AC apuk-? Sine wereberes represeating e ae fires at Merend potat Ga Me tapuk RC vollegt Dhipter veclieation—? vec Wed warelve tha tve hall cycle Drpler savethatgy Certs G22? snooker wsnve frome a9 Me caput wtor charges daring the peaks # Iteclange davies Me fre ught. | The eaprecston for mncetimntng (elder con be piven by Mie | | Hine constant f- Rye C,. The larger the Hone conslaot, the [ debbew the sunee trentng efeecl ) Vig = 2. Vents” | a | y Expletr Mee wooy ig, A lov? dge sock fer civcutt AMouk Ulher With neat dtagren and wave form. =T Aw allerualive to he use cf dhe bi phase | Ciecudk fg that of using 6 four - dee de royidge vecki Ker. | I ae 1] ee | I + | | | | | =] S | S Re | | TY | velte | i ov -\tv 4+—soo 1. Deberatue a suitable value | vecistence of | eb cevfes vestsfor Ge eperatfou “in conjanckton with a supply of AV, > Giveutr Volt SY (4 Ree Ser Nrv29¥.¢ Gee: SoowwW 0 0-5W | Re een = 1H, OL | wal — | | / | 7 500 “2. -1) s 2 goo Ce-%) fe ee Vv. Ge es Py mee | > @x5)- st ae ons voltage anubtplier and weulfons thr erewrt Ragres biel out the Greutt, eo ¥kted capoattber Colter} Rs g what mppltcaens 2 wth operation th wollege bipler es de voltage bifce bone voltage. A Nolkage walk plier rcwdt Mak delivers = fresh Re pesk valent ok qhe tuys Ppplicaions ‘ % Volkage wullipliers ave used Qy Usa Wikebend avplilters ave caps| ble af sme lthyteg a very ate cconge oh Corequenses, Ayvically tea (Gr [eer A Reet arpa rons | seegaherte. J Ralte Vrequency amplilters t+ RadPo Prequeney muapttiters aperate fa the band of frequendes thet 4s nermcelly associated th ‘radfo signals. Y Lear vetse ampltliers ze Low- wotse sealers ave desiqued. so Mot dey rou bate sgt a de the siquel being onylited. These roping 7” usudly destgued Gav wre wh ery ene gH levels. 8 eps? Y Explain tae {ellewing ter ¢ ' . el tae es Teyperteet pevere ters GQ) Gliut- One , es a5 the arrount ok ampli Reation ok an amylifter or gain Mot th provides. Grida Be stnply dhe wake ek eukpuk velbage to input velbage, output carredt te “eaptt current ,o¥ oukput pevev te Sepak powers | C8) Gand fide The pandiwtdth of an aurpiitier ts) wena fakes as the de Revence bebeoren the spre | aud leuer cur -olt Qrequenctes, Band dle 2 br & GAT) Phase akitk t- Olrase agtt 8s the hod angle between re Raput ant outpt iquoh valkages treasured %u degrees.ww) Qrequency vesponse fm The Grequency Vesper se al: a ampltter Rs anally speed ao bens of the wpper and leorr cut-oll Frequencies of Hie amplifter. OY) Tapak and Ovtpuh vedistance t- & Tapak vesfstance fs the ratte ok tepat veltage f Raput current and ik fs expressed TH ohns- eK Oukuk veststance fs the veto of open - dent t oubyuk vellage te sheet — credit ourpuk current andi &s weasured TW ohus- TAK ekegroteh Breath Arak predaser an apes Ae elas ee Ge les pete ok Se prertse veltage ok an maplt ier shane having - gam ok bo. OekernSur the oe ek wequived. 7G. oe Vt BAv Re ~ ascranging Bre Lornta {er & 2 Coen _< Y lo se| TW] Sketch the ctveutts of the each of the Polls ai ng based ta gy tiieedtae operation amy tt Rew 9) Dillerentiatoy Tutegrator —) J vi fherenteafor 1 a MN =| | | = I eS Naw Vout Newt» a ay Tine t VY Takegrater t- G ab 0| | | | | (RWrtte vote on ideal chavackertrtfes of opera [Renal anpliter. [a The chaveckerts tes for an deol operaHened | | amp titers ave’ | The open too voltage gate should be very high. & The input veststance bo) be end aoe, | |& The outpuk resistance should be verg Lew. eotle a8 x Fall pouer bandwidth should be as | possible, & Slewe rake should be af large as posst ble. K Input off aheuld be a8 sms | | 23 possible. iB Explain the operssen a ingle skage As table | | Osciakevatthh ths circuit BPeg ran. A fundle for of askble oscillator Haat produce | a square wave output can be built usiag just one | operaMonel omolitier as shew below .|4 The ctreath employ 5 positive feedback wilh He | | exkput fedbacl to the ron —tuver Rug Taput | Ta Mee potential divider formed by Rr and Ra. ql < (ETH ecutt con waakte a very stuple square | wave source wth ao brequercy that can be jade adjustble by veplactag RK with o wake | presek vestsber. : | FAssume taok CAs iakally uncharged and the | velkage at the Taver Hing faut Te slightly less | ae the voltage ak the won — Ta ver tg aypuk. The | owteet volkage WU Pst rapidly toy ei ae | wallage ab the taverGag Trout ttl begla be Vise | ertponenRaly as capactber C charges thy ough R. & Evewlually , the voltage ok Garverttag Anpet whl have weached a Veluc that causes dhe valtage at the taverbtig Tapat & ewceed ak none Taver He Ak Wks pduk, the qubput volfage oft rapidly Ca ie fe Vee. Capacttoy C ill then shert to chery tm i 4 wept.he aud dhe voltage at the tent agut wt begin de Pall exparenttelly amd precese conti ~ hues, & The Upper threshold village Ps green by > Vec x _®a Vor ao ee K The Lower Haveabetd veltege fo given by fe Ee | +R | complete egele of the | fille oscilleber| ft Ftaclly the Hace te one | cukput — conve fan preduced by the a8 | ts given by, gustetaed occfakfous. oscillations of = Pree ce lout & Re Ukr. TH) Mention the condi fons of | Dekerwine me Leequency of | ladder wekwerk te whieh stage —) The osctllabiens ave; ) The Redback must be pe sitive D The overel leap volkage aa cenftfteus of sushelned wusk be qreste | | Mw 4. | Given J Ce tou, Re tole \ \ t = “yee” TT en teth 2 SE xtoxio® x [ox lo? } 4 | 2 i =p Fe cane 15.386 == |Wi a mead dfagyem and neve loves, Ocgevihe dhe | operation of cayetel conbretled oscillator, ae thak they YK A vequivement af sone asctllatovs 7 Faceuvatety watabele an enemcl Crequeny of oscillation [RIn uch cares a quevte evystel con be used as | [We Lrequency JekeruRutiag element The Quart eryshel vibvetee whenever a polenfied diklewence ts wppteh mcvets the feces. The Frequency of oatillelton jas defermdued toy dhe evystolts Seat! aud phy ted size. KMest Quarts evystde can be expected fo stbilPae | de Lrequency O€ cscillelton of 2 creat fo whe | & fe pavts TR a uatRou | [R Cryshls com be wanubehive fer eperctien Te | Camdenentel wrole over a Prequency venge entering | from teckHa fe avonrd goMH2 ant Gy everfone opeveton Qi QemMue be well ever [6NH2, & Figare betes shoes a stnple erystel oseillater aveutt ta which de cvystl provider feedback brom he brain fo the source of a function gate FET xi 2, IK Fale — Output =e ovWW 2 meat ctyetk Utegren emplatn atu gle malt vilorstey (7 Theve awe wrany — osctllalous when we requlre ® square wave output Lien osfater rather Hau A sine Loave | eukpuk, [a mullivivraters are betty of cgePllater cfreutte Heat J produce cutout waveler consis tig’ -f cue ov were Teguleler’ places the Wray wellivibveby sfuaply svigine ates fren che faef thal tity Myre ob wave Porm fe | wich fu havweutes & Askable ALi vebwatos 2- { That prodnce a single catpub pulse of contfrrns frat £ Vnckeble webtivibyabe re t- iene The’ padiness a singly ochenk pole. & Blateble mnulfibibeaters t- That hey are don steble stables and “wequtve beigyer i ree single f& chenge fren ane stete be aucther, Ray 4 VoukTH] With oa vert a ———} | ‘ a civcatt Weg vam perpltn Ake apernifon of o. bilge oscillates. | Oe ce ee | SW wequired % Be use of 2 eis byidge asefllaby | wekwerle. fa cike Mee CHR Ladder, Mae nebwerks provider a phase, | gyakk wsleBeh Varker witty Frequency: | ko A and GB while the | | | | & The Tnput signe ts applied jowkpuk Xe keken fron C and P- EAR one pavbiculay frequency 1 the by Ake wekwork will be exactly qhese shift oreduce| ners: | am anapliter prdatiyg] € Th we couneck the vehwork de Share shih leche ras sufkicterk goin fe overcenst WU result. Jge, oscillator Me ee fy suabdle Kew qae requ ved The vardnum aval oscillation Us ghvew by, Ae ee é, 2 \ | | TE StS and ReRs, Hence Me angylitler gera stl! be Ave, oe __s 7| *& The frequency at which dhe phase- shift Will be evo fs wes by, Rem and CoG fs aaa ES, am Tec Ben \ \ ' ———— Sabine tle b> sie wohere, Re Re Ry and cz Cec, Th Deine the Letlowtng operational amplitier pare mutters Vveolue 4 a) Open Looe Voltage gia t The open-loop voltage get oh an operational anipliffer fe deftaed as Me | weMis of oukpak voltage fe Aupuk voltage mes disused rth wo lecdback applied. Aveo 2 Vout Viw & The open-loop veltage en ts. often eotpresse d te | decthets rather than as a ' vatts. Aveo) = 2% log, Vout Vin 2 Mesh: operattonal ges of a da. auplitters have open — loop vollage at) Oukput xeststance t- The out put rreststance of ou anplitter Ws dened as Me ratte of open- rede output valtage fo short -civcutt output currevt entpressed fe ohws,Reur® Veet coe) | Tout ese) | wate of change Ci) Slew vaker- Slew rake As the | & oukput volkege with Rare, whew o ceckanguler | step Tapat vellage Ts applied Sec te | At wake Ys weasared TH Vis and — kypteel values & Slew venge Grom orv(ps te oven 2° vas. TY What &s oscillator 9 And wenktor condition lor | oactlaeus. ok alternakty, sg awteoth| JY Oscillator Ps ee alectwa?e source | carrenk ev velkage having, cine, SUNSTS, | ev pulse shapes. | The confitions fer oscillations are t The feedback wast be positive Cte. the sfgrah | | | | | i | fucphase citth dhe Reedback wast arvive back | stymal nt Bre aaput). | i) The overall leep gar Valkage qrtn wus be | | | | qvertey Ban 1. Cie Re anpll lRer's qe wust | be sakbtere nt fo overcoré the losses assoctated | j stl any Preguency selecttve Cred beck aebewrk| { Pome a —— (By Explety Me operation of summing anpitfrer K es aud write He putput equalfou | wg opceny os pat 6g AY Tuts areukk produces an output that te voltages . Hewevey, me sum of ets two Tepat couneeted te Since te apevaReal angler Fs Laverting wade, We oudpek vellage te ives by Vouy = — CME Va) | wokere, Vand Vy are Teed voltages: R | R | “we | Va Awww! a R "] Voor | | eet sees | Ny