Ata 77

ATA 77 Hawker 750/800/800XP/850XP/900XP
ENGINE INDICATING TRAINING MANUAL (B1/B2)
ATA 77
ENGINE INDICATING
For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 1| P a g e

Jan 2024 ISSUE 01 REV 00
CONTENTS
I ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
NTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
N1 Indication System Inputs ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
N1 Speed Signal ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
N1 Compensator .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
N2 Indication System Inputs ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
N2 Speed Signal ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
ITT Indication System Inputs......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Interstage Turbine Temperature .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Low Oil Pressure Warning System ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Oil Temperature and Oil Pressure System Inputs.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Oil Pressure.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Oil Temperature........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Fuel Flow ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Fuel Pressure ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Fuel Inlet Temperature............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
OPERATION ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Engine Indicating System............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Normal Limit .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Transient Limit ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Red Line or Yellow Line .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

Reversion ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Control Display Unit ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Engine Display Declutter ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Limits ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
LOW PRESSURE (N1) ROTOR % RPM............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
N1 Analog Indication .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
N1 Digital Readout and Pointer Icon ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
INTERSTAGE TURBINE TEMPERATURE (ITT) .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
ITT Analog Indication.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
ITT Digital Readout and Pointer Icon .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
HIGH PRESSURE (N2) ROTOR % RPM INDICATION .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
N1 Reference Speed ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Annunciation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Climb Annunciation Display........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
N2 Digital Readout ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
N1 REF FMS Control ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
N1 REF Manual Control .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Annunciations ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23

INTRODUCTION
N1 INDICATION SYSTEM INPUTS

DESCRIPTION
The engine has provisions for connection of the following instrumentation sensing elements:
Low pressure rotor rpm (N1 speed signal)
High pressure rotor rpm (N2 speed signal)
Inter stage turbine temperature
Oil pressure
Oil temperature
Planetary gear assembly oil inlet temperature
Scavenge oil temperature
Fuel flow
Fuel pressure
Fuel inlet temperature
The sensing elements, lines and fittings, and electrical circuitry for oil pressure, oil temperature, fuel flow, fuel pressure, and fuel inlet temperature are not
components of the engine. The engine rotor speed sensors and ITT thermocouple harness are integral parts of the engine.
N1 SPEED SIGNAL
• N1 speed is measured by the N1 monopole transducer, a magnetic pickup on the aft end of the low-pressure rotor shaft. A speed gear is attached to
the low-pressure shaft rotating around the stationary mono pole transducer. As the speed gear turns, its teeth cause the magnetic flux path in the air
gap to constantly change.
• The dual output monopole transducer produces two separate and identical electrical signals due to the changing magnetic field. The frequency of the
output represents the rotating speed of the N 1 rotating group. One output is routed to the DEEC and the second output is routed to a cockpit
indicator.

N1 COMPENSATOR
• An N1 compensator is on the right side of the fan duct above the bleed air duct. The N1 compensator is used to bias the N1 signal to the cockpit
display. The correct compensator (electronic resistor) part number is determined during engine performance evaluation runs.
N2 INDICATION SYSTEM INPUTS

N2 SPEED SIGNAL
• The monopole transducer is in the transfer gearbox adjacent to the output gear of the transfer gearbox and uses a special gear under the monopole to
sense rpm. Two outputs are produced by a dual monopole transducer the same as the N1 signal.
• One output is routed to the DEEC and the second output is routed to a cockpit indicator. The connector for the N2 speed signal of the high pressure
rotor is at the rear of the transfer gearbox.
ITT INDICATION SYSTEM INPUTS

INTERSTAGE TURBINE TEMPERATURE

The turbine gas temperature is measured by chromel-alumel thermocouples on bosses in the turbine interstate transition duct and extending into the
gas path between the high pressure and low pressure turbines. The thermocouples are wired in parallel to form an averaging circuit. The harness is routed aft
through the turbine interstate transition duct and provides connections for the DEEC and for cockpit indication.
LOW OIL PRESSURE WARNING SYSTEM

OIL TEMPERATURE AND OIL PRESSURE SYSTEM INPUTS

OIL PRESSURE
• An oil pressure boss is provided on the oil supply manifold for the planetary gear assembly for connecting the airframe oil pressure indicating system.
OIL TEMPERATURE
• A boss is provided on the oil supply manifold for the planetary gear assembly for the installation of an oil temperature sensing system.

FUEL FLOW
The fuel flow is measured between the fuel control and fuel manifold nozzles.
The fuel flow measuring system is not a component of the engine.
FUEL PRESSURE
A pressure sensing port on the engine fuel pump indicates the fuel pump inter stage pressure the fuel pressure measuring system is not a component of the engine.



FUEL INLET TEMPERATURE

A boss is provided on the engine fuel pump for installation of a customer provided temperature probe to measure fuel temperature at the fuel inlet. The
fuel inlet temperature measuring system is not a component of the engine.
OPERATION
The engine indications are shown on the left multifunction display (MFD) and comprise the following:
Low pressure (N1) rotor% rpm indication
ITT indication
High pressure (N2) rotor % rpm indication

The ITT and N 1, for each engine, display in digital and analogue format at the top left of the MFD. The N2 for each engine displays in digital format at the
top right of the MFD.
Figure 77-9. Left multifunction display-engine indicating system

ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM

The engine display format is a full time display of N 1 and ITT engine parameters and by pilot selection, part time or pop-up display of the other engine
parameters N2, fuel flow, oil pressure, and oil temperature normally displayed on the left MFD.
The fuel quantity for each wing tank and central tank status normally display on the right MFD. Two sources for N 1, N2, and ITT exist for each engine. One is
the data concentrator unit (DCU) and the other is the engine data concentrator (EDC). The DCU is normally the source of all displayed engine data. The EDC is
a secondary source for N1, N 2, and ITT.
NORMAL LIMIT
The normal limit is the maximum (or minimum) continuous operating limit for a specific engine function.
An example is a normal limit of 100.0% for N 1 For as long as the value does not exceed the normal limit (100.0%), as displayed to the pilot, the normal
indications are given (i.e., N1 would be green). Normal limits can exist on both the high and low ends (low limit) for many engine functions (such as oil
temperature).
TRANSIENT LIMIT
The transient limit is an operational region above (or below) the normal limit (or the low limit) for a given engine function. A transient limit is normally
bounded by time; sometimes other related engine functions help set the boundary limits.
When operating in a transient limit region, information is typically presented in amber to indicate the possible need for future corrective action.
An example is a transient limit of 100.5% for N1 for not more than 5 seconds. As long as the value does not exceed the maximum transient limit (100.5%), as
displayed to the pilot, or the given time frame (5 seconds), amber indications are given (i.e., N1 is amber).
RED LINE OR YELLOW LINE

The red line or yellow line for a given parameter is usually the next higher (lower) increment of resolution, as displayed to the pilot, above (below) the
normal limit (low limit). TheN1 red line for the example above is at 100. 1 %, if there is a resolution of 0.1 %.

REVERSION
The display of engine information on a specific adaptive flight display (AFD) is con trolled by discrete pins to the AFD. The interconnect wiring normally
allows the engine information to appear only on the left MFD and the fuel quantity on the right MFD. If display reversion switching causes the left MFD to be
come a PFD, the engine information remains displayed on that AFD (now a PFD).
If display reversion switching causes the right MFD to become a PFD, the fuel data remains displayed on that AFD (now a PFD). In the event of an
individual MFD or dual MFD failure, reversionary switching causes the left PFD to display engine data or the right PFD to display fuel MFD failure.
Reversionary switching causes the left PFD to display engine data or the right PFD to display fuel data. A separate display reversion switch allows engine infor-
mation to be displayed on the right PFD at any time.

CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT

• The two control display units show all the engine and fuel content displays in digital form. The ENGINE/FUEL DATA page of the CDU is accessed
through the CDU index (IDX) key.
• The engine and fuel parameters each display on a line, the left engine/wing data displays to the left of the parameter, and the right engine/wing to
the right of the parameter.
• The engine data displays in green up to the normal limit, then in amber up to transient limits, and then in red above the limit. The limits are the same
as for the normal MFD display. The fuel data displays in green. If the signal disappears the display becomes amber dashes.
ENGINE DISPLAY DECLUTTER

• All the engine indicating system (EIS) displays, except N 1, N 1 REF, and ITT can be manually or automatically removed to de-clutter the EIS display. The
EIS display incorporates a manual de-clutter feature. With the first press of the display control panel (DCP) ENGINE push button, N2, fuel flow, oil
temperature, and oil pressure readouts and legends are re moved, provided that all the readouts are within the normal operating limits.
• De-clutter is not allowed if an engine miscompare is active. (A miscompare is where two sources for the same data do not agree, within the applicable
limits.) De-clutter is automatically overridden for the duration of any engine miscompare.
• All de cluttered parameters are automatically displayed if any parameter has an out of limit condition occur or if engine miscompare occurs. When de-
cluttered, the pilot can select these parameters again at any time using the DCP ENGINE button. With two DCPs in stalled, de-clutter on all the EIS
displays is a function of either DCPs ENGINE pushbutton. The last change by either pilot controls the EIS on all currently enabled AFDs.
• The removal of all de-clutters readouts and leg ends is the only annunciation that de-clutter is active.
LIMITS
• The normal operating conditions for all EIS parameters other than ITT are green. The ITT normal operating condition is white. An out of limit condition
exists when any EIS parameter is shown in any color other than white or green.


LOW PRESSURE (N1) ROTOR %RPM

• N1 speed is measured by a monopole transducer on each engine which produces two out put signals representing the low pressure turbine speed.
One signal is fed to the associated digital computer and the other signal to the associated data concentrator unit (DCU) and engine data concentrator
(EOC).
N1 ANALOG INDICATION
• N1 and ITT share the same scale which has a 0.5-inch radius (Figure 77-11). The normal scale is a grey 240° arc which begins with a grey scale
• Terminator and has grey radial tick marks for N 1, at 20, 40, 60, and 80%. There is a red radial tick mark at the 100% normal red line and an amber
scale arc beyond this point. There is a red transient N red line/yellow line mark and icon with its leading edge at 103%, the beginning of the N1 over
limit scale.
N1 DIGITAL READOUT AND POINTER ICON

• The N1 digital display contains up to four dig its. It is right justified with a decimal point between the third and fourth digits. The leading zero is only
displayed for 0.0% to 0.9%. The N1 digital readout has the same source of data as the N1 analog pointer.

INTERSTAGE TURBINE TEMPERATURE (ITT)

The turbine temperature is measured by ten chromel-alumel thermocouples positioned in the efflux path between the high and low pressure turbine
sections. Two thermocouple harnesses, of five probes each, are connected in parallel to provide an averaging circuit. Each thermocouple harness unites and
terminates at a connector for the associated DCU and EDC.
ITT ANALOG INDICATION

• The ITT scale with radial tick marks is shared with N scale for the same engine. For ITT, the grey tick marks represent 200, 400°, 600°, and 800° C. There
is a red radial tick mark at 968° C. A red line and an amber scale arc extend be yond this point.
• In addition to its N function, the leading edge of the red N transient red line/yellow line mark and icon is also the ITT APR red line limit. The ITT over
limit scale, which is identical to the N 1 over limit scale, is in view whenever the ITT is greater than the ITT transient limit.
• The ITT pointer is positioned at the ITT digital display value, except that the ITT pointer is only displayed when ITT is above 200° C. The ITT pointer is
the same color as the digital display and flashes when the digital read out flashes. The ITT pointer is removed if the ITT digital readout is dashed.
• Automatic source selection between the data sources is provided. The left DCU is priority source for the No. 1 engine. The right DCU is priority source
for the No. 2 engine. A cross side DCU (the other side engine DCU) is the secondary source. The EDC is the third priority source.
• N1, N2, and ITT are normally sourced from only one data source at a time. For more de tails of data source selection with multiple failures, see N 1
description.
ITT DIGITAL READOUT AND POINTER ICON

• The ITT digital display contains up to four dig its. The display is right justified with sup pressed leading zeros. The ITT digital readout has the same
source of data as the ITT analog pointer.
• Refer to Table for the limits for range and color control. Four amber dashes are display if all sources of ITT are FAIL, MISSING, or NCO. The grey ITT
legend and its associated ITT pointer icon, which is the same color and flashes the same as the ITT pointer, display above the digital readout.
• The digital readout flashes for 5 seconds when it first turns amber. It stops flashing if it turns back to white in less than the 5 second time period. The
digital readout flashes for 5 seconds when it first turns red. It continues to flash if it turns back to amber within the 5 second time period, but stops
flashing if it turns back to white in that 5 second time period.

HIGH PRESSURE (N2) ROTOR % RPM INDICATION

N2speed is measured by a monopole transducer on each engine. A magnetic speed pick up, in the rear of the engine transfer gearbox, produces two
output signals which represent high pressure turbine speed. One signal is fed to the associated digital computer and the other is connected to the DCU
and EDC.
N1 REFERENCE SPEED
The N1 reference speed displays at the top of the left MFD, between the two N 1/ITT analogue displays. It is also indicated by a bug on the outside of each
N1 analog scale. The pilot can use the REFS menu to manually set the N1 reference speed or it can be provided by the flight management system.

ANNUNCIATION
The CLIMB legend displays in the lower center of the N 1/ITT scale when the associated CLIMB discrete is received by the DCU. The CLIMB legend displays
except if a FIRE leg end is active.
NOTE
For details of FIRE indication refer to Chapter 28-"FIRE PROTECTION."
Automatic source selection between the DCUs is provided. The onside DCU is the priority source. The cross-side source is the secondary source.
CLIMB ANNUNCIATION DISPLAY

A green CLIMB legend displays when the DCU receives a discrete indicating CLIMB mode is active for the associated engine. The signal is taken from the
thrust lever discrete in the DEEC. The legend illuminates whenever the thrust levers are within the climb thrust capture band.
N2 DIGITAL READOUT
A grey N2 legend is normally displayed between the left and right digital readouts. The grey N2 legend is removed when the N2 comparator is active; N2
comparator has priority.
The N 2 readout is up to four digits with a decimal point between the third and fourth digits. The left engine readout is left justified while the right engine
readout is right justified. The leading zero is only displayed for 0.0% to 0.9%.
Refer to Table for limits for color control and range. The readout flashes for 5 seconds, then becomes steady, when N2first turns red. The N2 readout returns
to white, and stops flashing if applicable, when the N2 is N2 normal limit. Four amber dashes and a decimal point display if all sources of N2 are FAIL,
MISSING, or NCO.
Automatic source selection between the data sources is provided. The left DCU is the priority source for the No. I engine. The right DCU is the priority source
for the No. 2 engine. A cross-side DCU is the secondary source. The EDC is the third priority source.

N 1, N2, and ITT are normally sourced from only one data source at a time. For more de tails of data source selection with
multiple failures, see N1 description.
N1 REF FMS CONTROL

• N1 REF thrust limits value displays when it is valid. Otherwise it is blank. The current thrust limit is that selected by the pilot through the FMS.
• The FMSs provide the active thrust limit (i.e., TO, GA, MCT, CLB, CRZ, TGT or none) and also the associated thrust limit values.
• The lowest thrust limit value reported from either FMS is the display source. If the thrust limit value from each FMS is identical, the left FMS is the
display source.
N1 REF MANUAL CONTROL

• When dual PFDs are installed, the N1 REF FMS MAN selection and the manual N1 REF values are synchronized so that when either pilot changes the
on-side controls, the N1 REF selection state/value on all displays is set to the same value. The last change commanded by either pilot is the manual N1
REF selection state/value for all N1 REF displays.
• N1 REF can also be controlled entirely from the DCP using the MENU ADV knob and MENU SET button as follows:
After the system is energized on the ground, with the REFS menu displayed, moving the cyan menu box to the FMS MAN legend and pressing MENU SET the
first time causes the FMS legend to become smaller and white, while the MAN legend becomes larger and cyan, with a flashing cyan menu box surrounding
the last active manually set NI REF value. The menu box is beneath the MAN legend. The N1 REF value is ON, indicated by larger cyan digits on the menu, and
the cyan N 1 readout and bugs are displayed. The N1 REF value can be changed using the DCP MENU ADV knob. A second press of the MENU SET button
removes the flashing cyan box and places a steady box around the FMS MAN legends.
When the manual control is ON, pressing the DCP MENU SET button selects the FMS control operation again. The FMS legend becomes larger and magenta,
the MAN legend remains smaller and white. The current valid value for N 1 REF being received from the FMS displays in magenta beneath the FMS legend.
The cyan box surrounds the FMS MAN legends. A subsequent press of the MENU SET button selects the manual control ON as described above.
When the manual control is ON and the menu box is around either the FMS MAN legend or the manual NI REF value, pressing and holding the PRESS MENU
SET button for more than l second selects manual control to OFF. The cyan MAN legend becomes small and white, the manual NI REF value is removed, and
the cyan NI readout and bugs are re moved. A subsequent press of the MENU SET button selects FMS control again.

ANNUNCIATIONS
When displayed, the NI REF is in the proximity of the N 1/ITT scales and consists of a 3- to 4-digit readout, with the decimal point in front of the one-
tenths digit. Leading zeros are suppressed. A triangular N REF icon pre cedes the manual control cyan digital readout and the digital display. A triangular
NI REF icon precedes the thrust limit, with the digital read out beneath, and are normally magenta in FMS control.
In FMS control, the N REF icon, the thrust limit legend, and the digital read out are boxed amber. The thrust limit legends include TO, GA, MCT, CLB, CRZ,
TGT, or none. The N REF digital value is amber and surrounded by an amber box if one of two conditions is evident. Those two conditions are as follows:
The currently displayed N1 thrust limit value being sent by each FMS differs by greater than 1.0% N 1
One FMS data input SSM is not valid when airspeed is less than 50 knots.
There is a time elapse of 10 seconds between miscompare sensing and alert activation. Once activated the miscompare displays for a minimum of 5
seconds. The display flashes for 5 seconds and then displays steady.
In FMS control, any one of three conditions can remove the NI REF digital readout and N bugs, and replace the REFS menu FMS readout and EIS display
thrust legend with three magenta dashes. Those three conditions are as follows:
If neither FMS is sending a selected thrust limit.
Both FMSs N REF data is FAIL, MISSING, or NCD
Outside NI REF display ranges
An NI REF bug is positioned on the perimeter of each N1 analog scale at the point that corresponds with the N1 REF digital readout. The
symbol is the same color as the digital read out, and is removed when the readout is not displayed.
In manual control both bugs are placed at the position that corresponds to the digital readout.
In FMS mode, each bug is placed at the position that corresponds to the lower of the two FMS inputs and displays in the digital readout.


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ATA 77 Hawker 750/800/800XP/850XP/900XP

ENGINE INDICATING TRAINING MANUAL (B1/B2)

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 1| P a g e

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 2| P a g e

Red Line or Yellow Line .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 3| P a g e

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 4| P a g e

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 5| P a g e

N2 INDICATION SYSTEM INPUTS

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 6| P a g e

ITT INDICATION SYSTEM INPUTS

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 7| P a g e

INTERSTAGE TURBINE TEMPERATURE

LOW OIL PRESSURE WARNING SYSTEM

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 8| P a g e

OIL TEMPERATURE AND OIL PRESSURE SYSTEM INPUTS

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 9| P a g e

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 10| P a g e

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 11| P a g e

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 12| P a g e

FUEL INLET TEMPERATURE

High pressure (N2) rotor % rpm indication

Figure 77-9. Left multifunction display-engine indicating system

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 13| P a g e

ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM

RED LINE OR YELLOW LINE

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 14| P a g e

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 15| P a g e

CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT

ENGINE DISPLAY DECLUTTER

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 16| P a g e

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 17| P a g e

LOW PRESSURE (N1) ROTOR %RPM

N1 DIGITAL READOUT AND POINTER ICON

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 18| P a g e

INTERSTAGE TURBINE TEMPERATURE (ITT)

ITT ANALOG INDICATION

ITT DIGITAL READOUT AND POINTER ICON

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 19| P a g e

HIGH PRESSURE (N2) ROTOR % RPM INDICATION

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 20| P a g e

CLIMB ANNUNCIATION DISPLAY

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 21| P a g e

N1 REF FMS CONTROL

N1 REF MANUAL CONTROL

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 22| P a g e

For Training Purpose Only. 77-00-00 23| P a g e

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