Mthbqa 24

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 1
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask
MwYZ
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ c†Ó¤v 2-77

2 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆgBW BwR: Dîicò  MwYZ
AaÅvq-2: ˆmU I dvskb

êvWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  55 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1  L ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x : x, 12 ‰i cÉK‡Z àYbxqK}
A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2 − 5x + 6 = 0} 12 ‰i cÉK‡Z àYbxqKàGjv nGjv = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
B = {x : x  ô ‰es 2 < x < 6}, C = {2, 4, 6} myZivs A = {x : x, 12 ‰i cÉK‡Z àYbxqK}
K. A ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 = {1, 2, 3} [12 ‰i àYbxqKàGjvi gGaÅ ˆhàGjv U ‰i gGaÅ we`Ågvb]
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (A\B)  (B\A) = (A  B)\(A  B). 4 Avevi, B = {x  ô : x2  3x + 2 = 0}
M. P(B) wbYÆq Ki| B ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv n nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B) ‰Lb, x  3x + 2 = 0
2
ev, x2  2x  x + 2 = 0
‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2 ˆK mg^Æb KGi|
n
4
ev, x(x  2)  1(x  2) = 0
55 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, (x  2) (x  1) = 0
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  5x + 6 = 0}
 nq x  2 = 0 Aêv x  1 = 0
‰LvGb, x2  5x + 6 = 0 x=2 x=1
ev, x2  3x  2x + 6 = 0 ˆhGnZy x  ô myZivs B = {1, 2}
ev, x(x  3)  2(x  3) = 0 ‰Lb, A  B = {1, 2, 3}  {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3}
A = U  A = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}  {1, 2, 3} = {3, 2, 1, 0}
ev, (x  3)(x  2) = 0
B = U  B = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}  {1, 2} = {3, 2, 1, 0, 3}
 x = 2, 3
evgcÞ = (A  B) = U  (A  B) = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}  {1, 2, 3}
 A = {2, 3} (Ans.)
= {3, 2, 1, 0}
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {x : x  ô ‰es 2 < x < 6}
 WvbcÞ = A  B = {3, 2, 1, 0}  {3, 2, 1, 0, 3}
‰LvGb, ô = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...........} = {3, 2, 1, 0}
 B = {3, 4, 5} (A  B) = A  B (mZÅZv hvPvB nGjv)
‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, A = {2, 3} M C = {0, 1, 2, 3}

P(C) = {{0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {0, 1}, {0, 2}, {0, 3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3},
‰Lb, A\B = {2, 3} \ {3, 4, 5} = {2}
{0, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}, {0, 2, 3}, {0, 1, 3}, {0, 1, 2, 3}, }
B\A = {3, 4, 5} \ {2, 3} = {4, 5}
A  B = {2, 3}  {3, 4, 5} = {2, 3, 4, 5}
‰LvGb P(C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 16
A  B = {2, 3}  {3, 4, 5} = {3} ‰LvGb C ˆmGUi Dcv`vb msLÅv = 4
(A\B)  (B\A) = {2}  {4, 5} = {2, 4, 5}  P(C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 16 = 24
‰es (A  B) \ (A  B) = {2, 3, 4, 5} \ {3} = {2, 4, 5}  C ˆmGUi Dcv`vb msLÅv n nGj, P(C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb
 (A\B)  (B\A) = (A  B)\(A  B). (cÉgvwYZ) KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, B = {3, 4, 5}
 cÉk²  57 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
 P(B) = {{3, 4, 5}, {3, 4}, {3, 5}, {4, 5}, {3}, {4}, {5}, } A = {x : x  ô ‰es x  8x + 15 = 0}
2
‰LvGb B ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 3 = n (awi) B = {1, 3}, C = {2, 3}, D = {a, b, c}

‰es P(B) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 8 = 23 = 2n K. A ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2
 P(B) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). 4
M. P(D) wbYÆq Ki ‰es ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(D) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK
cÉk²  56 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
mg^Æb KGi| 4
U = {x : x  Ù ‰es x2 < 10} 57 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A = {x : x, 12 ‰i cÉK‡Z àYbxqK} K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  8x + 15 = 0}

B = {x  ô : x2  3x + 2 = 0} ‰Lb, x2  8x + 15 = 0
C = {0, 1, 2, 3}
ev, x2  5x  3x + 15 = 0
K. U ˆK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 ev, x(x  5)  3(x  5) = 0
L. (A  B) = A  B-‰i mZÅZv hvPvB Ki| 4  (x  5) (x  3) = 0
M. P(C) wbYÆq KGi ˆ`LvI ˆh P(C)-‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb nq, x  5 = 0 Aêv, x  3 = 0
KGi| 4  x=5  x=3
 A = {3, 5} (Ans.)
56 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB, A = {3, 5}

K ‰LvGb, U = {x : x  Ù ‰es x2 < 10}

ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {1, 3}, C = {2, 3}
‰LvGb x mKj cƒYÆmsLÅv myZivs ‰Lb, B  C = {1, 3}  {2, 3} = {3}
x = 0 nGj, x2 = 0 < 10  A  (B  C) = {3, 5}  {3} = {(3, 3), (5, 3)}
x =  1 nGj x2 = 1 < 10 Avevi, A  B = {3, 5}  {1, 3} = {(3, 1), (3, 3), (5, 1), (5, 3)}
x =  2 nGj x2 = 4 < 10 A  C = {3, 5}  {2, 3} = {(3, 2), (3, 3), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
 (A  B)  (A  C) = {(3, 1), (3, 3), (5, 1), (5, 3)}
x =  3 nGj x2 = 9 < 10
 {(3, 2), (3, 3), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
x =  4 nGj x = 16  10
2
= {(3, 3), (5, 3)}
myZivs U = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} (Ans.)  A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (cÉgvwYZ)
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, D = {a, b, c}
 L ˆÌqv AvGQ,

 P(D) = {{a, b, c}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c}, {a}, {b}, {c}, } B = {x : x  ô, x ˆRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 8}
myZivs, ‰LvGb P(D) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 8 = 23  B = {2, 4, 6}
ˆhLvGb D ˆmGUi Dcv`vb msLÅv 3 ‰es U = {x : x  ô ‰es x  7}
 P(D) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
A = U  A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {3, 4, 5, 6}
cÉk²  58 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 = {1, 2, 7}
A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  5x + 6 = 0} B = U  B
B = {1, 4}, C = {a, 4} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {2, 4, 6}
K. A ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ wbYÆq Ki| 2 = {1, 3, 5, 7}
L. P(B  C) wbYÆq Ki ‰es ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb  A  B = {1, 2, 7}  {1, 3, 5, 7} = {1, 7}
 P(A  B) = {{1}, {7}, {1, 7}, } (Ans.)
msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb KGi| 4
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). M
4  C = {x : x  ô I x, 6 ‰i àYbxqK}
6 ‰i àYbxqK hv Õ¼vfvweK msLÅv = 1, 2, 3, 6
 C = {1, 2, 3, 6}
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  5x + 6 = 0}

D=BC
‰Lb, x2  5x + 6 = 0
= {2, 4, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 6} [‘L’ nGZ]
ev, x2  2x  3x + 6 = 0 = {4}
ev, x(x  2)  3(x  2) = 0 ‰Lb, B  C = {2, 4, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
 (x  2) (x  3) = 0
(B  C)  D = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}  {4}
nq, x  2 = 0 Aêv, x  3 = 0 = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4), (6, 4)} (Ans.)
 x=2  x=3
cÉk²  60 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
 A = {2, 3} (Ans.)
L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {1, 4}, C = {a, 4} P = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  7x + 6 = 0}
‰Lb, B  C = {1, 4}  {a, 4} = {a, 1, 4} Q = {x : x  ô ‰es 1  x < 5}
 P(B  C) = {{a, 1, 4}, {a, 1}, {a, 4}, {1, 4}, {a}, {1}, {4}, } R = {2, 4, 6} nGj 
‰LvGb, B  C ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 3 = n (awi) K. P ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2
‰es P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 8 = 23 = 2n L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (P\Q)  (Q\P) = (P  Q)\(P  Q). 4
 P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P  (Q  R) = (P  Q)  (P  R). 4
M ‰LvGb, B = {1, 4}, C = {a, 4}
‘K’ nGZ cvB, A = {2, 3}
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, P = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  7x + 6 = 0}

‰Lb, B  C = {1, 4}  {a, 4} = {4}
 A  (B  C) = {2, 3}  {4} = {(2, 4), (3, 4)} ‰Lb, x2  7x + 6 = 0
Avevi, A  B = {2, 3}  {1, 4} = {(2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)} ev, x2  6x  x + 6 = 0
A  C = {2, 3}  {a, 4} = {(2, a), (2, 4), (3, a), (3, 4)} ev, x(x  6)  1 (x  6) = 0
 (A  B)  (A  C)  (x  6) (x  1) = 0
= {(2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)}  {(2, a), (2, 4), (3, a), (3, 4)} nq, x  6 = 0 Aêv, x  1 = 0
= {(2, 4), (3, 4)}
 x=6  x=1
 A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  P = {1, 6} (Ans.)
L
 ‰LvGb, Q = {x : x  ô ‰es 1  x < 5}
cÉk²  59 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 Avgiv Rvwb, Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvi ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .....}
U = {x : x  ô ‰es x  7}  Q = {1, 2, 3, 4}
A = {x : x  ô, x2 > 8 ‰es x3 < 220}  ‘K’ nGZ cvB, P = {1, 6}
B = {x : x  ô, x ˆRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 8} ‰Lb, P\Q = {1, 6} \ {1, 2, 3, 4} = {6}
C = { x : x  ô I x, 6 ‰i àYbxqK} Q \ P = {1, 2, 3, 4} \ {1, 6} = {2, 3, 4}
K. A ˆmUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2  (P \ Q)  (Q \ P) = {6}  {2, 3, 4} = {2, 3, 4, 6}
L. P(A  B) wbYÆq Ki| 4 Avevi, P  Q = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
P  Q = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1}
M. D = B  C nGj (B  C)  D wbYÆq Ki| 4
 (P  Q) \ (P  Q) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} \ {1} = {2, 3, 4, 6}
 (P \ Q)  (Q \ P) = (P  Q) \ (P  Q) (cÉgvwYZ)
K A = {x : x  ô, x > 8 ‰es x3 < 220}
 2
M ‰Lb, R = {2, 4, 6}

‰LvGb, x Õ¼vfvweK msLÅv A^Ævr ô = {1, 2, 3, .......} ‘K’ nGZ cvB, P = {1, 6}
‰Lb, x = 1 nGj, x2 = 1 u 8 ‰es x3 = 1 < 220
‘L’ nGZ cvB, Q = {1, 2, 3, 4}
x = 2 nGj, x2 = 4 u 8 ‰es x3 = 8 < 220
‰Lb, Q  R = {1, 2, 3, 4}  {2, 4, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
x = 3 nGj, x2 = 9 > 8 ‰es x3 = 27 < 220
 P  (Q  R) = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
x = 4 nGj, x2 = 16 > 8 ‰es x3 = 64 < 220 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6),
x = 5 nGj, x2 = 25 > 8 ‰es x3 = 125 < 220 (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
x = 6 nGj, x2 = 36 > 8 ‰es x3 = 216 < 220 Avevi, P  Q = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4}
x = 7 nGj, x2 = 49 > 8 ‰es x3 = 343 e 220 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (6, 1), (6, 2),
 A = {3, 4, 5, 6} (Ans.) (6, 3), (6, 4)}
P  R = {1, 6}  {2, 4, 6} 62 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6)} K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x  ô : x2  5x + 6 = 0}

 (P  Q)  (P  R) = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (6, 1), (6, 2),
(6, 3), (6, 4)}  {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
‰LvGb, x2  5x + 6 = 0
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 6)} ev, x2  3x  2x + 6 = 0
 P  (Q  R) = (P  Q)  (P  R) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, x(x  3)  2(x  3) = 0
cÉk²  61 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1  (x  3) (x  2) = 0
nq, x  3 = 0 Aêv, x  2 = 0
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} x=3 x=2
A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  (a + b) x + ab = 0}  A = {2, 3} (Ans.)
B = {x : x  ô, x2 > 15 ‰es x3 < 225}
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {3, 4}, C = {2, 4}

C = {x  ô : 4 < x  7}
 B  C = {3, 4}  {2, 4} = {4}
K. A ˆmUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2  P(B  C) = {{4}, }
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (B  C) = B  C. 4 Avevi, P(B) = {{3}, {4}, {3, 4}, }
M. A  (B  C) ‰es A  (B  C) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 P(C) = {{2}, {4}, {2, 4}, }
61 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  P(B)  P(C) = {{4}, }
K ‰LvGb, A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  (a + b) x + ab = 0}
  P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
‰Lb, x2  (a + b) x + ab = 0 M B  C = {3, 4}  {2, 4} = {2, 3, 4}

 A  (B  C) = {2, 3}  {2, 3, 4}
ev, x2  ax  bx + ab = 0
= {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
ev, x(x  a)  b(x  a) = 0
Avevi, A  B = {2, 3}  {3, 4} = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
ev, (x  a) (x b) = 0 A  C = {2, 3}  {2, 4} = {(2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 4)}
nq x  a = 0 Aêv x  b = 0  (A  B)  (A  C) = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)} 
x=a x=b {(2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 4)}
 A = {a, b} = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {x : x  ô, x2 > 15 ‰es x3 < 225}
  A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (cÉgvwYZ)
Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvi ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3............} cÉk²  63 ewikvj êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
x = 1 nGj x2 = 1 >/ 15 ‰es x3 = 1 < 225 U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
x = 2 nGj x2 = 4 >/ 15 ‰es x3 = 8 < 225 A = {x  ô : x ˆgŒwjK msLÅv ‰es x  7}
x = 3 nGj x2 = 9 >/ 15 ‰es x3 = 27 < 225 B = { x  ô : x ˆRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 7}
x = 4 nGj x2 = 16 > 15 ‰es x3 = 64 < 225 K. B ˆK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2
x = 5 nGj x2 = 25 > 15 ‰es x3 = 125 < 225 L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, (A  B) = A  B. 4
x = 6 nGj x2 = 36 > 15 ‰es x3 = 216 < 225 M. hw` A I B ‰i Dcv`vbàGjvi gGaÅ y = x + 1 mÁ·KÆ
x = 7 nGj x2 = 49 > 15 ‰es x3 = 343 </ 225 weGePbvq ^vGK ZGe A¯¼qwU wbYÆq Ki| 4
 B = {4, 5, 6} 63 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
‰es C = {x  ô ; 4 < x  7} = {5, 6, 7} K ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {x  ô : x ˆRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 7}

‰Lb B  C = {4, 5, 6}  {5, 6, 7} = {4, 5, 6, 7} Avgiv Rvwb, Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvmgƒGni ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ........}
B = U  B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {4, 5, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 7}  B = {2, 4, 6} (Ans.)
C = U  C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {5, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3, 4} L ˆÌqv AvGQ, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

evgcÞ = (B  C) = U  (B  C) A = {x  ô : x ˆgŒwjK msLÅv ‰es x  7}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {4, 5, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3} Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvmgƒGni ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ........}
WvbcÞ = B  C = {1, 2, 3, 7}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1, 2, 3}  A = {2, 3, 5, 7}
 (B  C) = B  C (cÉgvwYZ) ‘K’ nGZ cvB, B = {2, 4, 6}
M ‘K’ nGZ A = {a, b}
 ‰Lb, A  B = {2, 3, 5, 7}  {2, 4, 6} = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
 (A  B) = U  (A  B)
‘L’ nGZ, B  C = {4, 5, 6, 7}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {1}
Avevi, B  C = {4, 5, 6}  {5, 6, 7} = {5, 6}
Avevi, A = U  A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {2, 3, 5, 7} = {1, 4, 6}
‰Lb, A  (B  C) = {a, b}  {4, 5, 6, 7} B = U  B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {2, 4, 6} = {1, 3, 5, 7}
= {(a, 4), (a, 5), (a, 6), (a, 7), (b, 4), (b, 5), (b, 6), (b, 7)} (Ans.)  A  B = {1, 4, 6}  {1, 3, 5, 7} = {1}
Avevi, A  (B  C) = {a, b}  {5, 6}  (A  B) = A  B (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= {(a, 5), (a, 6), (b, 5), (b, 6)} (Ans.)
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, A = {2, 3, 5, 7}

cÉk²  62 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 ‘K’ nGZ cvB, B = {2, 4, 6}
A = {x  ô : x2  5x + 6 = 0}, awi, A®¼qwU R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  B ‰es y = x + 1}
B = {3, 4}, C = {2, 4}.
‰LvGb, A  B = {2, 3, 5, 7}  {2, 4, 6}
K. A ˆmUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 = {(2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6),
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C). 4 (7, 2), (7, 4), (7, 6)}
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). 4  wbGYÆq A®¼qwU R = {(3, 4), (5, 6)}
AaÅvq-3: exRMvwYwZK ivwk

cÉk²  94 XvKv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2 95 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
x − 3 = 2 2 nGj,
2
K awi, msLÅvwU = a

K. x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 1
 msLÅvwUi àYvñK wecixZ msLÅv = a
1
L. x4 + 4 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 1
x cÉk²vbymvGi, a + a = 2 3 (Ans.)
1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 = 58 2 4 
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
1
94 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb a+ =2 3
a
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, x − 3 = 2 2
 2
1
ev, x2 = 3 + 2 2 cÉ`î ivwk = a3 + a3
ev, x2 = 2 + 2 2 + 1 3
ev, x2 = ( 2)2 + 2. 2.1 + (1)2

= (a + 1a) – 3. a. 1a (a + 1a)
ev, x2 = ( 2 + 1)2 = (2 3)3 – 3. 2 3 [gvb ewmGq]
 x =  ( 2 + 1) (Ans.) = 24 3 – 6 3
 = 18 3 (Ans.)
x = 2 + 1 [abvñK gvb wbGq]
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB,

1
1 1 a3 + = 18 3
 = a3
x 2+1 6
a +1
1  ( 2 − 1) ev, a3
= 18 3
= [je I ni ˆK ( 2 − 1) «¼viv àY KGi]
( 2)2 − (1)2 ev, a6 + 1 = 18 3a3
=
2−1
= 2−1 ev, a6 – 18 3a3 + 1 = 0
2−1
ev, (a3)2 – 2. a3. 9 3 + (9 3)2 – (9 3)2 + 1 = 0
1
x+ = 2+1+ 2−1=2 2
x ev, (a3 – 9 3)2 = 243 – 1
1 1 2 ev, (a3 – 9 3)2 = 121  2
cÉ`î ivwk = x4 + x4 = (x2)2 + x2 () ev, a3 – 9 3 = 11 2 [eMÆgƒj KGi]
1 2
1 1 2
1 2
ev, a3 = 9 3 + 11 2
( )
= x + 2
x
2 2
− 2.x . 2 =
x {( ) x+
x
− 2. x.
}
x
−2
=3 3+9 2+6 3+2 2
= {(2 2)2 − 2}2 − 2 = (8 − 2)2 − 2 = (6)2 − 2 =( 3)3 + 3( 3)2 . 2 + 3. 3( 2)2 + ( 2)3
= 36 − 2 = 34 (Ans.) =( 3 + 2)3
  a = 3 + 2 (cÉgvwYZ)
1 1
x + = 2 2 ‰es x4 + 4 = 34 cÉk²  96 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 1
x x
1 1 2
 x+ ( )( x x )
x4 + 4 = 2 2  34
b – 2 6b + 1 = 0
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, b + b = 2 6.
1
2
1 1
ev, x5 + x3 + x3 + x5 = 68 2 1
L. b3 (b6 – 1) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
1 1
ev, x5 + x5 = 68 2 − x3 + x3 )( M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, b5 + b5 = 922 6.
1
4
3
= 68 2 −
{(x + 1x) − 3. x. 1x (x + x1)} 96 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, b2  2 6b + 1 = 0

= 68 2 − {(2 2)3 − 3. 2 2}
ev, b2 + 1 = 2 6b
= 68 2 − (16 2 − 6 2)
b2 1
= 68 2 − 10 2 = 58 2 ev, b + b = 2 6
1
 x5 +
x5
= 58 2 (cÉgvwYZ) 
1
b+ =2 6 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
b
cÉk²  95 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 1 L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,

1
ˆKvGbv msLÅv I H msLÅvi àYvñK wecixZ msLÅvi mgwÓ¡ 2 3| b+ =2 6
b
K. msLÅvwUGK a PjGK cÉKvk KGi DcGii Z^ÅGK ‰KwU 1 2 1 2 1
mgxKiGYi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2  ( ) ( )
b
b
= b+
b
 4b.
b
1 = (2 6)2  4 = 4.6  4 = 24  4 = 20
L. a + 3 ‰i
3
a
gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
1
b = 20 = 4  5 = 2 5
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a = 3 + 2 4 b
1 b6 1 cÉk²  98 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1
cÉ`î ivwk = b3 (b6  1) = b3  b3
2
1 3 p =7+4 3
= b3 
b3
= (b  1b) + 3b.1b(b  1b) K. p ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
= (2 5)3 + 3.2 5 = 8.5 5 + 6 5 p6 − 1
L. p3
‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 40 5 + 6 5 = 46 5 (Ans.)
1 1
M
 ‘K’ nGZ cvB, b + b = 2 6 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, p5 + 5 = 724.
p
4
1 2 98 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
( )
ev, b + b = (2 6)2 [eMÆ KGi]
K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

1 1
ev, b2 + 2b.b + b2 = 4.6 p2 = 7 + 4 3
1 =4+4 3+3
ev, b2 + b2 = 24  2
= 22 + 2.2 3 + ( 3)2
1
 b2 + 2 = 22 = (2 + 3)2
b
1  p = 2 + 3 [eMÆgƒj KGi] (Ans.)
Avevi, b + b = 2 6

1 3
( )
ev, b + b = (2 6)3 [Nb KGi] p=2+ 3
1 1 2– 3 2− 3
1 1 1  = = =
( )
ev, b3 + b3 + 3b.b b + b = 8.6 6 p 2 + 3 (2 + 3) (2 – 3) 22 − ( 3)2
2– 3
1
ev, b3 + b3 + 3.2 6 = 48 6 =
4–3
=2− 3
6 6
1 p –1 p 1 1
ev, b3 + b3 = 48 6  6 6 ‰Lb, p3 = p3 – p3 = p3 – p3
1
(p – 1p) + 3.p.1p(p – 1p)
3
 b3 + 3 = 42 6 =
b
1 1
( )(
‰Lb, b2 + b2 b3 + b3 = 22  42 6 ) = (2 + 3 – 2 + 3)3 + 3(2 + 3 – 2 + 3)
= (2 3)3 + 3  2 3
1 1
ev, b5 + b + b + b5 = 924 6 =83 3+6 3
1 1 = 24 3 + 6 3
ev, b5 + b5 + b + b = 924 6
= 30 3 (Ans.)
1
ev, b5 + b5 + 2 6 = 924 6 M ‘K’ I ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB,

1 1
ev, b5 + b5 = 924 6  2 6 p = 2 + 3 ‰es = 2 – 3
p
1 1
 b5 + 5 = 922 6 (cÉgvwYZ) p+ =2+ 3+2– 3=4
b p
1
cÉk²  97 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2 evgcÞ = p5 + p5
2
x – 2x + 1 = 0
K. Drcv`GK weGkÏlY KGiv: a4 + a2 + 1.
1
2 = (p + p1 ) (p + p1 ) – (p + 1p)
3
3
2
2
L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, x2 + 2 = x4 + x–4 4 1 1 1 1 1 

{ p p }{( p) p}
=  (p + ) – 3.p. (p + )
3 2
x p+ – 2.p.
1 p
M. x5 – 5 ‰i
x
gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 4
1
– (p + )
97 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb p
K a4 + a 2 + 1
 = {(43 – 3  4) (42 – 2)} – 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= (a ) + 2 .a .1 + (1)  a = (a + 1)  a = (64 – 12) (16 – 2) – 4
= (a2 + 1 + a) (a2 + 1  a) = (a2 + a + 1) (a2  a + 1) (Ans.) = (52  14) – 4
L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, x2  2x + 1 = 0 = 728 – 4 = 724
ev, (x)2  2 . x . 1 + (1)2 = 0 = WvbcÞ
ev, (x 1)2 = 0 ev, x 1 = 0
\ x=1 cÉk²  99 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2
1 1 1
evgcÞ = x2 + x2 = (1)2 + (1)2 = 1 + 1 = 2 x + = 6, nGj 
x
1 1
WvbcÞ = x4 + x4 = x4 + x4 = (1)4 + (1)4 = 1 + 1 = 2
(x  1x) ‰i gvb KZ?
2
K. 2
1
\ x2 + 2 = x4 + x4 (cÉgvwYZ) 1
x L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, x3 + x3 = 198. 4
1 1
M
 x5  5 = (1)5 
x (1)5
[gvb ewmGq] 1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 = 6726. 4
= 1  1 = 0 (Ans.)
99 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3 3 3 3
=3 3– +
1 4 4
K
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, x + x = 6
=3 3
1 2 1 2 1
( ) ( )
Avgiv Rvwb, x − x = x + x − 4.x.x  3
x +y +
27
4
3
=3 3 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= (6)2 − 4 M ˆÌqv AvGQ, x + y = 3

= 36 − 4
= 32 (Ans.) ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
1 1 3 1 1 x–y= 2
L
 3
x + 3= x+
x ( )
x
− 3./x.
x/
x+
x ( ) xy =
1
4
= (6)3 − 3.6
= 216 − 18 cÉ`î ivwk = 16xy (x2 + y2)
= 198 1 (x + y)2 + (x – y)2
1 = 16  
4 2
[‘K’ nGZ]
 x + 3 = 198 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
3
x 2
( 3) + ( 2)2
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 =4
2
[gvb ewmGq]
1 = 2  (3 + 2)
x+ =6
x
=25
( 1) = (6) [eMÆ KGi]
2
ev, x + x 2 = 10 (Ans.)
1 1 cÉk²  101 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2

ev, x2 + 2.x.x + x2 = 36
x = 3 + 2 2 nGj@
1
ev, x2 + x2 = 36 − 2 1
K. x wbYÆq Ki| 2
2 1 1
 x + 2 = 34 L. x6 + x6 ‰i gvb KZ? 4
x
1
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, x3 + x3 = 198 1 3
1 1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ( x) –
3
( )x
= 14. 4
(
‰Lb, x3 + x3 )( x
2
x + 2 ) = 198  34 101 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1 1
ev, x5 + x + x + x5 = 6732 K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

x=3+2 2
1 1
ev, x5 + x5 = 6732 − 6 [‹ x + x = 6] 1
 =
1
x 3+2 2
1
 x5 + 5 = 6726 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 32 2
x =
cÉk²  100 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 (3 + 2 2)(3  2 2)
32 2
x + y = 3 ‰es x − y = 6 nGj@
2 2
=
32  (2 2)2
K. xy ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
32 2
27 =
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, x3 + y3 + 4 = 3 3 4 98
M. 16xy (x2 + y2) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 = 3  2 2 (Ans.)
100 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, x = 3 + 2 2
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, x + y = 3 ‰es x2 – y2 = 6
 ‰es ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
1
‰Lb, x2 – y2 = 6 x
=32 2
ev, (x + y) (x – y) = 6 1
6 x+ =3+2 2+32 2=6
x
ev, x – y = [ x + y = 3]
3 1 1 2 1
ev, x – y =
3. 2 ( )
‰Lb, x2 + x2 = x + x  2.x.x
3 = 62  2 = 36  2 = 34
1 1 3
x–y= 2
Avgiv Rvwb, x ()
 x6 + 6 = (x2)3 +
x2
1 1
xy =
4
2
(x + y) – (x – y) ( 3) – ( 2)
=
4
=
3–2
4
2 2 2
( )
= x2 + 2 3  3.x2. 2
x x (x + x1 )
2
2
1 = (34)3  3.34
 xy = (Ans.) = 39304  102
4
 = 39202 (Ans.)
1 M ˆÌqv AvGQ,

x+y= 3 ‰es xy = 4
x=3+2 2
27
‰Lb, x3 + y3 + 4 ev, x = 2 + 2 2 + 1
27 ev, x = ( 2)2 + 2.1. 2 + 12
= (x + y)3 – 3xy(x + y) +
4
ev, x = ( 2 + 1)2
1 9.3
= ( 3)3 – 3. . 3 +
4 4
[gvb ewmGq]  x = 2 + 1 [eMÆgƒj KGi]

1
=
1 cÉk²  103 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
x 2+1
‰KwU abvñK msLÅvi eMÆ H msLÅvi cuvPàY nGZ 1 Kg|
21
= 1
( 2 + 1)( 2  1) K. abvñK msLÅvwU x nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, x + x = 5 2
21 1
=
( 2)2  12
L. x3  x3 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
1
=
21 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 = 2525 4
21
= 21
1 K cÉk²gGZ, 5x  x = 1
 2
 x = ( 2 + 1)  ( 2  1)
x ev, x2 + 1 = 5x
= 2+1 2+1=2 x2 + 1
ev, x
=5 [DfqcÞGK x «¼viv fvM KGi]
1 3 1 3 1 1
‰Lb, ( x)3  ( ) ( x
= x
x ) + 3. x.
x ( x
)
x 1
 x+ =5
x
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
3
= 2 + 3.2 = 8 + 6 = 14
2 2
 ( x)3 
( )1
x
3
= 14 (cÉgvwYZ) L
 ( ) ( )  4.x.1x [ (a  b) = (a + b)  4ab]
x
1
x
= x+
1
x
2 2
2
cÉk²  102 ewikvj êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1 = 5  4 = 21
1
a + a b + b = 21 ‰es a + ab + b = 7, ˆhLvGb a, b abvñK ‰es a > b.
4 2 2 4 2
K. a2  ab + b2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|

2
2
 x
x
= 21 ( )
1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 8ab(a2 + b2) = 80. 4 ‰Lb x3  x3
M. a I b ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 3
1 1 1
102 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = x
x
+ 3.x.
x ( )
x
x ( )
[ a3  b3 = (a  b)3 + 3ab(a  b)]
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, a4 + a2b2 + b4 = 21
= ( 21 )3 + 3( 21 )
‰es a2 + ab + b2 = 7, ˆhLvGb a, b abvñK ‰es a > b
= 21 21 + 3 21
‰LvGb, a4 + a2b2 + b4 = 21
= 24 21 (Ans.)
ev, (a2)2 + 2.a2b2 + (b2)2 − a2b2 = 21 1
ev, (a2 + b2)2 − (ab)2 = 21 M ‘K’ nGZ cvB, x + x = 5
ev, (a2 + b2 + ab) (a2 + b2 − ab) = 21 1 1
2
1
ev, (a + ab + b ) (a − ab + b ) = 21
2 2 2 2 x2
+
x2 = x +
x x ( )
– 2.x. [ a2 + b2 = (a + b)2  2ab]
ev, 7 (a2 – ab + b2) = 21 2
=5 2
2 2
 a − ab + b = 3 (Ans.) = 23
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, a2 + ab + b2 = 7 .................. (i)
 1 1
3
1
‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, a2 − ab + b2 = 3 ............. (ii) ( )
‰es x3 + x3 = x + x  3.x.x (x + 1x)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB, [ a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab(a + b)]
2a2 + 2b2 = 10 3
= 5  3.5
ev, 2(a2 + b2) = 10 = 125  15
 a2 + b 2 = 5
= 110
Avevi, mgxKiY (i) ˆ^GK (ii) weGqvM KGi cvB, 1 1
2ab = 4
 ab = 2
‰Lb, ( x3 + 3
x )(
x2 + 2
x ) = 23  110
1 1
 evgcÞ = 8ab (a2 + b2) = 8  2  5 ev, x5 + x + x + x5= 2530
= 80 = WvbcÞ
1 1
 8ab (a2 + b2) = 80 (cÉgvwYZ) ev, x5 + x5 + x + x = 2530
 1
a2 + b2 = 5 ............... (i) ev, x5 + x5 + 5 = 2530 [gvb ewmGq]
‰es ab = 2 ............. (ii) 1
 x5 + = 2525 (cÉgvwYZ)
Avgiv cvB, (a2 − b2)2 = (a2 + b2)2 − 4a2b2 x5
= 52 − 4.22 = 25 − 16 = 9 cÉk²  104 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
 a − b = 3 ................ (iii) [‹ a > b ‰es a, b
2 2
abvñK]
mgxKiY (i) I (iii) ˆhvM KGi cvB, a = 6 + 5 nGj,
2 1
2a = 8
K. a wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, a2 = 4
 a = 2, [‹ a > 0] 1
L. a3 + a3 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
‰Lb, a ‰i gvb mgxKiY (ii) ‰ ewmGq cvB,
1
2b = 2  b = 1 M. a6 + a6 gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
 a = 2 ‰es b = 1 (Ans.)
104 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  106 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, a = 6 + 5
 x  5x + 1 = 0 ‰KwU exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY|
2
1 1
 = 1
a 6+ 5 K. x + x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
6 5 1
= L. x4  x4 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
( 6 + 5) ( 6  5)
1
=
6– 5 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 = 5 5. 4
( 6)2 – ( 5)2
6 5
=
65 K x  5x+1=0
 2
= 6  5 (Ans.) ev, x2 + 1 = 5 x
x2 + 1
L

1
‘K’ nGZ cvB, a = 6 + 5 , a = 6  5 ev, x
= 5 [Dfq cÞGK x «¼viv fvM KGi]
1 1
 a+ = 6 + 5 + 6  5 =2 6 x+ = 5 (Ans.)
a x
1 1 2 1
1
( ) 1 3 1
‰Lb, a3 + a3 = a + a  3.a.a a + a
1
( ) L
 x2 + 2 = x +
x ( )
x
 2.x.
x
[‹ a2 + b2 = (a + b)2  2ab]
1 = ( 5 )2  2 = 5  2 = 3
= (2 6 )3  3.2 6 [‹ a + = 2 6 ] 1 2 1 2 1
= 48 6  6 6
a Avevi, ( ) ( )
x
x
= x+
x
 4.x. [‹ (a  b)2 = (a + b)2  4ab]
x
= 42 6 (Ans.) = ( 5 )2  4 = 5  4 = 1
1 1
M
 ‘L’ nGZ cvB, a3 + a3 = 42 6  x = 1=1
x
4 1 1 1
1
()
‰Lb, a6 + a6 = (a3)2 + a3
1 2
( )( )
‰Lb, x  x4 = x2  x2 x2 + x2 [ a2  b2 = (a  b) (a + b)]
1 1 1
31
a 3
2
= (a + )  2.a .
a
1 3
3
= x( )( )(
x
x+
x x )
x2 + 2 =  (1) 5.3
1 =  3 5 (Ans.)
= (42 6 )2  2 [ a3 + = 42 6 ]
a3 1 3
= 10582 (Ans.) M x3 + x3 = x + x
 ( 1)  3.x.1x (x + 1x)
cÉk²  105 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 [‹ a3 + b3 = (a + b)3  3ab(a + b)]
= ( 5 )3  3. 5
hw` p + q = 6 ‰es pq = 3 nq, ˆhLvGb, p > q.
=5 53 5
K. (p  q) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
=2 5
L. p3  q3  5 (p2  q2) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 1 1 1 1
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, p5 + q5 = 4806. 4 (
‰Lb, x2 + x2 )( )
x3 + 3 = x5 + x + + 5
x x x
105 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1 1
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, p + q = 6 ‰es pq = 3 nq, ˆhLvGb, p > q

ev, 3.2 5 = x + x5 + x + x
5
( )
1
Avgiv Rvwb, (p  q)2 = (p + q)2  4pq ev, 6 5 = x5 + x5 + 5
= (6)2  4.3 [gvb ewmGq] 1
= 36  12
ev, x5 + x5 = 6 5  5
= 24 1
 x5 + 5 = 5 5 (cÉgvwYZ)
 p  q = 2 6 (Ans.) x
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, p + q = 6, pq = 3
 cÉk²  107 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
‘K’ nGZ cvB, p  q = 2 6 a = 6 + 5 nGj 
‰Lb, p3  q3  5(p2  q2) 1
= (p  q)3 + 3pq(p  q)  5(p + q)(p  q) K. a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
= (2 6 )3 + 3.3.2 6  5.6.2 6 [gvb ewmGq] 1 1
= 48 6 + 18 6  60 6 (
L. a2  a2 )(
a3  3 ‰i gvb
a ) wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 6 6 (Ans.) a12  1
M. a6 = 1932 30 ‰i mZÅZv hvPvB Ki| 4
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, p + q = 6 ‰es pq = 3

evgcÞ = p5 + q5 107 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= p5 + p3q2 + p2q3 + q5  p3q2  p2q3 K ˆÌqv AvGQ, a = 6 + 5

= p3(p2 + q2) + q3(p2 + q2)  p2q2(p + q) 1 1
 =
= {(p2 + q2)(p3 + q3)}  (pq)2(p + q) a 6+ 5
= [{(p + q)2  2pq} {(p + q)3  3pq(p + q)}]  (pq)2(p + q) 6 5
=
= [{(6)2  2.3} {(6)3  3.3.6}]  (3)2.6 [gvb ewmGq] ( 6 + 5) ( 6  5)
= (36  6) (216  54)  9.6 6– 5
= 30.162  54 =
( 6)2 – ( 5)2
= 4860  54 = 4806
6 5
= WvbcÞ =
65
 p5 + q5 = 4806 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) = 6  5 (Ans.)
1 1
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB, a = 6 + 5 , a = 6  5
 ev, p2 + p2  2 = 16
1 1
 a+ = 6+ 5 + 6 5 =2 6
a
ev, p2 + p2 = 18
1
(p + p1 ) = 18
2
‰es a  a = 6 + 5  6 + 5 = 2 5 ev, 2
2
2
1 1
( )( )
‰Lb, a2  a2 a3  a3 1 1
ev, p4 + p4 + 2.p2. p2 = 324 [ (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]
3 1
=
{(a + 1a) (a  1a)} {(a  1a) + 3.a.1a (a  1a)} ev, p4 + p4 + 2 = 324
1
= {2 6 .2 5 } {(2 5 )3 + 3.2 5 } [gvb ewmGq] ev, p4 = 324  p4  2 [cÞv¯¦i KGi]
= 4 6 . 5 ( 40 5 + 6 5 ) [gvb ewmGq] 1
= 4 6 . 5 .46 5
ev, p4 = 322  p4 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= 920 6 (Ans.) cÉk²  109 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,
 x4  x2 + 1 = 0 nGj 
1 1 1
a =2 5,a+ =2 6
a a K. x + x ‰i gvb KZ? 2
a12  1 1 x6 + 1
evgcÞ = a6 = a  a6
6
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, x3 = 0. 4
( ) ( ) (a  a1 )
= (a3)2 
1 2
a3
1
= a3 + 3
a
3
3
1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 =  3. 4
3 3 109 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
{ 1a 1a 1a } {(a  1a) + 3.a.1a (a  1a)}
= (a + )  3.a. (a + )
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, x4  x2 + 1 = 0

x4 + 1 x2
= {(2 6 )3  3.2 6 }.{(2 5 )3 + 3.2 5 } [gvb ewmGq] ev, x4 + 1 = x2 ev, x2 = x2
= (48 6  6 6 ) (40 5 + 6 5 ) x4 1 1
= 42 6 .46 5 ev, x2 + x2 = 1 ev, x2 + x2 = 1
= 1932 30 2 2
= WvbcÞ
a12  1
( 1)  2.x.x1 = 1 ev, (x + 1x) = 1 + 2
ev, x + x
2
 = 1932 30 (mZÅZv hvPvB Kiv nGjv) 1 1
ev, (x + x) = 3  x + x =  3 (Ans.)
a6
cÉk²  108 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 1
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦, x + x = 3 [÷ay abvñK gvb wbGq]

2
p  1 = 4p nGj  x6 + 1
1 2 evgcÞ = x3
K. ( ) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
p+
p
2
=
x6 1
+
p3 + 5p 3 x3 x3
L. p4 + 4p2  5
 64 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 1
= x3 + 3
1 x
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, p4 = 322  4 4 3
p
= x+( )  3.x.1x (x + 1x)
1
x
3
p2  1 1 = ( 3)  3 3
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, p  1 = 4p ev,
 2
p
= 4 ev, p  = 4
p =3 33 3
1 2 1 2 1 = 0 = WvbcÞ
‰Lb, ( ) ( )
p+
p
= p
p
+ 4.p. { (a + b) = (a  b)2 + 4ab}
p
2
x6 + 1
 x3 = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= 42 + 4 = 20 (Ans.)
p3 + 5p 1
L p4 + 4p2  5  64

3 M
 ‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ x + x = 3 [÷ay abvñK gvb wbGq]
‘L’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦,
p(p2 + 5) 3 1
=  64 x3 +
p + 5p2  p2  5
4
x3
= 0 ............... (i)
p(p2 + 5) 3 1 1 2 1
=
p2(p2 + 5)  1(p2 +5)
 64  x2 + 2 = x +
x ( ) x
 2.x. = ( 3 )2  2 = 3  2 = 1
x
p(p2 + 5) 2 1
= 2 4  x + 2 = 1 .............. (ii)
(p + 5)(p2  1) x
= 2
4p (i) I (ii) bs àY KGi,
p 1 1 1
=
4p
4p
[ p2  1 = 4p] ( x3 + 3
x )(
x2 + 2 = 0  1
x )
1 1 1
= 1 (Ans.) ev, x5 + x3.x2 + x3 .x2 + x5 = 0
1 1 1
M ‰Lb, p  p = 4
 ev, x5 + x5 + x + x = 0
1
(p  1p) = 4
2
ev, 2
ev, x5 + x5 + 3 = 0
1 1 1
ev, p2 + p2  2.p.p = 16 [ (a  b)2 = a2  2ab + b2]  x5 + 5 =  3 (cÉgvwYZ)
x
AaÅvq-4: mƒPK I jMvwi`g

cÉk²  52 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3 = log x = log 1
xa xb xc = 0 [ log 1 = 0]
L, M, N wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk ˆhLvGb, L = b , M = c , N = a.
x x x = WvbcÞ
K. L = 1 nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, a = b. 2  logkLa+b + logk Mb+c + logkNc+a = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, L  M 
ab bc ca
N = 1. 4 cÉk²  53 ewikvj êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆ`LvI ˆh, p+q
A=6 ,B=6 ,C=6 q+r
nGj  r+p
logkL a+b
+ logk M b+c
+ logkN c+a
= 0. 4 K. log3 2 324 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
p+r q+p r+q
K L=1

L. (AB)  (BC)  (AC) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
xa
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, (AB)pr  (BC)qp  (CA)rq = 1. 4
ev, xb = 1
ev, xa  b = x0 K log3 2 324 = log3 2 (3 2 )4 = 4 log3 2 3 2

ev, a  b = 0
= 4.1 [ logaa = 1]
 a = b (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= 4 (Ans.)
ab bc ca
L evgcÞ =
 L M N L ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = 6p+q, B = 6q+r, C = 6r+p

1 1 1
a b c
(A)  (BC)  (AC)

p+r q+p r+q
= (xx )  (xx )  (xx )
b
ab
c
bc
a
ca
[L, M, N ‰i gvb ewmGq] ‰Lb, B
1 1 1 p+q q+r r+p
6 6 6
p+r q+p r+q
=(
6 )
(
6 )
(
6 )
= (xa − b)ab  (xb − c)bc  (xc − a)ca q+r r+p p+q [gvb ewmGq]
a−b b−c c−a
+ +
= x ab bc ca = (6p + q  q  r)p + r  (6q + r  r  p)q + p  (6r + p  p  q)r + q
ac − bc + ab − ac + bc − ab = (6p  r)p + r  (6q  p)q + p  (6r  q)r + q
=x abc 2  r2 2  p2 2  q2
= 6p  6q  6r
0
p2  r2 + q2  p2 + r2  q2
= xabc =6
= x = 60
=1 = 1 (Ans.)
= WvbcÞ M ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = 6p+q, B = 6q+r, C = 6r+p


ab
L
bc
N = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
M
ca evgcÞ = (AB)p  r  (BC)q  p  (CA)r  q
M evgcÞ = logkLa+b + logk Mb+c + logkNc+a
 = (6p + q.6q + r)p  r (6q + r.6r + p)q  p  (6r + p.6p + q)r  q [gvb ewmGq]
a a+b b b+c c c+a = (6p + q + q + r)p  r  (6q + r + r + p)q  p  (6r + p + p + q)r  q
= log (xx )
b + log (xx ) c + log (xx )
a
= (6p + 2q + r)p  r  (6q + 2r + p)q  p  (6r + 2p + q)r  q
2 + 2pq + pr  pr  2qr  r2 2 + 2qr + pq  pq  2pr  p2 2 + 2pr + qr  qr  2pq  q2
[L, M, N ‰i gvb ewmGq] = 6p  6q  6r
2 + 2pq  2qr  r2 + q2 + 2qr  2pr  p2 + r2 + 2pr  2pq  q2
= log (xa − b)
a+b
+ log (xb − c)
b+c
+ log (xc − a)
c+a
= 6p
a2 − b2 b2 − c2 c2 − a2 = 60
= log x + log x + log x
= log (xa
2 − b2
. xb
2 − c2 2 − a2
. xc )
=1 = WvbcÞ
= log (x a2 − b2 + b2 − c2 + c2 − a2
)  (AB)P  r  (BC)q  p  (CA)r  q = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
AaÅvq-6: îLv, ˆKvY I wòfzR

cÉk²  30 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 4 L ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR wòfzGR P
ABC ‰i AB, BC ‰es AC evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P, Q, R. PO  QR ‰es PQ = PR
K. gaÅgvmn wòfzRwU ‰uGK ˆ`LvI| 2 1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh QO = 2 QR
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB + AC > 2AQ 4
1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ = 2 AC. 4 Q O R
30 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv

A
K wPGò, ABC ‰i AB, BC ‰es AC
 (1) POQ = POR = 1 mgGKvY [ˆhGnZz, PO  QR]
evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P, Q I R| (2) ‰Lb, mgGKvYx POQ I PRO ‰i gGaÅ
P R
AwZfzR PQ = AwZfzR PR [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
A, Q; B, R ‰es C, P ˆhvM Kwi|
PO = PO [mvaviY evü]
AQ, BR ‰es CP h^vKÌGg  ABC B C  POQ  PRO
Q [AwZf„R-evü
‰i wZbwU gaÅgv|  QO = OR
meÆmgZv Dccv`Å]
A (3) QO + OR = QR [AâbvbymvGi]
L cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB + AC > 2AQ.
 ev, QO + QO = QR [avc-2 ˆ^GK]
Aâb: AQ ˆK M chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb ev, 2QO = QR
AQ = QM nq| C, M ˆhvM Kwi| 1
B Q C  QO = QR
2
(cÉgvwYZ)
M m†Rbkxj 30(L) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|

M cÉk²  32 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4

cÉgvY:
PQR ‰i PQ I PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg S I T|
h^v^ÆZv: K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPò AsKb Ki| 2
(1) ABQ I CQM ‰ 1
BQ = CQ [ Q, BC ‰i gaÅwe±`y] L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ST = QR|
2
4
AQ = QM [AâbvbymvGi] M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ + QR > 2QT| 4
‰es AQB = CQM [wecÉZxc ˆKvY] 32 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 AQB  CQM K
 P
myZivs AB = CM
(2) ‰Lb, ACM ‰ [ˆhGnZz wòfzGRi ˆhGKvb `yB
AC + CM > AM evüi mgwÓ¡ Z‡Zxq evü AGcÞv S T
ev, AC + AB > AQ + QM e†nîi]
ev, AB + AC > AQ + AQ Q R
 AB + AC > 2AQ (cÉgvwYZ)
wPGò, PQR ‰i PQ I PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg S I T.
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å 15 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-129
 L

P
cÉk²  31 wmGjU êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5
PQR ‰ PO  QR, PQ = PR = 5 ˆm.wg. ‰es QO = 4 ˆm.wg.| S T
A
K. PO ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QO = 2 QR. 4 Q R
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ + PR > 2PO. 4
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, PQR wòfzGR S I T h^vKÌGg PQ I PR evüi
31 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb P 1
K ˆhGnZz, PO  OQ
 gaÅwe±`y| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, ST = 2 QR.
POQ nGZ PQ2 = PO2 + OQ2
5 ˆm.wg. 5 ˆm.wg.
AsKb: S I T ˆhvM KGi ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb ST = TA nq| R, A ˆhvM Kwi|
ev, PO2 = PQ2 − OQ2 cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
= (5)2 − (4)2 (1) PST I ATR-‰
= 25 − 16 = 9 PT = TR [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
Q 4 O R
 PO = 3 ˆm.wg. ST = TA [AâbvbymvGi]
STP = RTA [wecÉZxc ˆKvY] cÉk²  34 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
 PST  ATR [evü-ˆKvY-evü Dccv`Å] ABC ‰i B I C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
 PST = RAT [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPòwU AvuK| 2
‰es TPS = TRA 1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BOC = 90 + A. 4
 SA || QR ev, ST || QR 2
(2) Avevi, SA = QR M. hw` AB ˆK E chÆ¯¦ ‰es AC ˆK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kiv nq ‰es

ev, ST + TA = QR ev, ST + ST = QR EBC I FCB ˆKvGYi mgw«¼LíK O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq
1
ev, 2ST = QR ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BOC = 90  2 A. 4
1
 ST = QR
2
(cÉgvwYZ) 34 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K

M
 P E A
T
O
Q R
B C
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR ‰i PR evüi gaÅwe±`y T| Q, T ˆhvM
gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| B I C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q ciÕ·i O
Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ + QR > 2QT.
we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
AsKb: QT ˆK E chÆ¯¦ ‰gbfvGe ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb TE = QT nq| R, E
ˆhvM Kwi| L
 A
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv

(1) PQT ‰es TER-‰ O
PT = TR [T, PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
QT = TE [AâbvbymvGi] B C
‰es A¯¦fÆyÚ QTP = A¯¦fÆyÚ ETR [wecÉZxc ˆKvY] ˆÌqv AvGQ, wòfzR ABC ‰i B ‰es C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ
 PQT  TER [evü-ˆKvY-evü Dccv`Å] wgwjZ nGqGQ| A^Ævr, BO ‰es CO h^vKÌGg ABC ‰es ACB ‰i
myZivs PQ = RE 1
mgw«¼LíK| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BOC = 90° + 2 A.
(2) Avevi, QER-‰, [wòfzGRi ˆh ˆKvY `yB evüi mgwÓ¡
QR + RE > QE Z‡Zxq evü AGcÞv e†nîi] cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
ev, QR + PQ > QT + TE [avc (1) ˆ^GK] (1) ABC-‰
ev, PQ + QR > QT + QT [AâbvbymvGi] A + B + C = 180° [ wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180° ]
1 1 1
 PQ + QR > 2QT (cÉgvwYZ) ev, 2 A + 2 B + 2 C = 90° [Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi cvB]
cÉk²  33 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4 1 1 1
 B + C = 90° – A ... ... ... ... (i)
2 2 2
A
(2) BOC-‰
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180°
1 1
ev, BOC + 2 B + 2 C = 180° [ BO ‰es CO îLv h^vKÌGg
D E
B I C-‰i mgw«¼LíK]
1
B C ev, BOC + 90° – 2 A = 180° [(i) bs nGZ]
1
wPGò, ABC ‰i AB ‰es AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D ‰es E| ev, BOC = 180° – 90° + 2 A
K. 37 ˆKvGYi cƒiK ˆKvY KZ? 2 1
 BOC = 90° + A (cÉgvwYZ)
2
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, DE || BC ‰es 2DE = BC| 4
A
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB + BC > 2BE| 4 M weGkl wbeÆPb: ABC-‰i AB evüGK E
chÆ¯¦ ‰es AC evüGK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kivq
33 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb B C
B ‰es C we±`yGZ `yBwU ewntÕ©GKvY h^vKÌGg
K Avgiv Rvwb,
EBC ‰es FCB Drc®² nGqGQ| ‰Lb, E F
`ywU ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 90 nGj ‰KwU ˆKvYGK Aci ˆKvGYi cƒiK ˆKvY
EBC ‰i mgw«¼LíK BO ‰es FCB ‰i
eGj| O
mgw«¼LíK CO ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ wgwjZ
 37 ˆKvGYi cƒiK ˆKvY = 90 − 37 = 53 (Ans.)
nGqGQ|
L MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjbx-6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å 15 bs `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-129 1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BOC = 90° – 2 A.
M m†Rbkxj 32(M) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv avc 2. Avevi, EP = BC ev EF + FP = BC
(1) ABC-‰ ev, EF + EF = BC ev 2EF = BC ev EF = 2 BC
1
A + B + C = 180° [wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi 1

mgwÓ¡ 2 mgGKvY]  EF || BC ‰es EF =
2
BC (cÉgvwYZ)
1 1 1
ev, 2 A + 2 B + 2 C = 90 ... ... ... (i) M weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC-‰ B = ‰K mgGKvY ZvnGj F

1
AwZfzR AC-‰i gaÅwe±`y| B, F ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BF = 2
(2) Avevi, BOC-‰ A
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180° AC.
1 1 Aâb: E, F ˆhvM Kwi| E F
ev, BOC + 2 EBC + 2 FCB = 180° [ BO ‰es CO h^vKÌGg EBC
I FCB ‰i mgw«¼LíK] B C
1 1 cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
ev, BOC + (180 – B) + (180 – C) = 180
2 2
(1) ABC -‰i E ‰es F h^vKÌGg [Aâb ‰es KÍ¸bvbymvGi]
[CBE, B-‰i ‰es BCF,
AB ‰es AC -‰i gaÅwe±`y|
C-‰i mÁ·ƒiK ˆKvY]
 EF || BC. [wòfzGRi ˆhGKvGbv `yB evüi gaÅwe±`yi
1 1
ev, BOC + 90 – 2 B + 90 – 2 C = 180 msGhvRK îLvsk Z‡Zxq evüi mgv¯¦ivj]
1 1 1 1  AEF = Abyi…c EBC = ‰K mgGKvY [KÍ¸bv]
ev, BOC = 180° – 90 – 90 + (2 B + 2 C + 2 A) – 2 A [(i) bs nGZ] (2) ‰Lb, AEF ‰es BEF -‰i gGaÅ
1 AE = BE [E, AB-‰i gaÅwe±`y]
 BOC = 90 – 2 A (cÉgvwYZ)
EF = EF [mvaviY evü]
cÉk²  35 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4 ‰es A¯¦f„ÆÚ AEF = A¯¦fƒÆÚ BEF [ cÉGZÅGK mgGKvY]
 AEF  BEF
ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| E ‰es F h^vKÌGg AB I AC evüi gaÅwe±`y|  AF = BF
K. wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆGqi `yBwU mƒò wjL| 2 1
(3) wK¯§ AF = 2 AC. [F, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
1
L. DóxcK AbymvGi cÉgvY Ki ˆh, EF||BC ‰es EF = BC|
2
4 1
 BF = AC. [avc-2 ˆ^GK] (cÉgvwYZ)
2
M. hw` ABC ‰i B = ‰K mgGKvY nq, ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
1 cÉk²  36 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
BF = AC.
2
4
PQR ‰i PQ I PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M, N ‰es PQ > PR.
35 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K. Z^ÅwUi wPwn×Z wPò AvuK| 2
K wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆGqi `yBwU mƒò wbÁ²i…c:
 L. cÉgvY Ki
1
ˆh, MN || QR ‰es MN = 2 QR. 4
1
wòfzGRi f„wg I DœPZv Rvbv ^vKGj, 2  f„wg  DœPZv M. P ‰i mgw«¼L´£K QR ˆK D we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
wòfzGRi wZb evüi Š`NÆÅ Rvbv ^vKGj, s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c) PDQ Õ©ƒjGKvY| 4
a+b+c 36 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆhLvGb, a, b, c wòfzGRi evüòq ‰es s = 2 K
 P
L weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU
 A
wòfzR| E I F h^vKÌGg wòfzRwUi AB
M N
I AC evüi gaÅwe±`y| ZvnGj, cÉgvY E F P
1
KiGZ nGe ˆh, EF || BC ‰es EF = 2
Q R
BC| B C
wPGò, PQR ‰KwU wòfzR| Bnvi PQ I PR evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M I N
Aâb: E I F ˆhvM KGi ewaÆZ Kwi ‰es PQ > PR.
ˆhb FP = EF nq| C, P ˆhvM Kwi| L weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, PQR ‰KwU P
cÉgvY: wòfzR| M I N h^vKÌGg wòfzRwUi PQ
avc 1. AEF I CFP ‰i gGaÅ, AF = FC [ˆÌqv AvGQ] I PR evüi gaÅwe±`y| ZvnGj, cÉgvY M N F
EF = FP [AâbvbymvGi] KiGZ nGe ˆh, MN || QR ‰es MN =
1
AFE = CFP [wecÉZxc ˆKvY] QR|
2 Q R
 AEF  CFP [evü-ˆKvY-evü Dccv`Å] Aâb: M I N ˆhvM KGi ewaÆZ Kwi
 AEF = FPC ‰es EAF = FCP [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] ˆhb NF = MN nq| R, F ˆhvM Kwi|
 AE || CP ev AB || CP cÉgvY:
Avevi, BE = AE = CP ‰es BE || CP avc 1. PMN I RNF ‰i gGaÅ, PN = NR [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
myZivs BEPC ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| MN = NF [AâbvbymvGi]
 EP || BC ev EF || BC PNM = RNF [wecÉZxc ˆKvY]
 PMN  RNF [evü-ˆKvY-evü Dccv`Å] L weGkl wbeÆPb: cÉ`î Z^Å Abyhvqx DEF wòfzR| E I F ‰i

 PMN = NFR ‰es MPN = NRF [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] mgw«¼L´£K«¼q h^vKÌGg EO I FO ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
 PM || RF ev PQ || RF ˆ`LvGZ nGe ˆh, DE + DF > OE + OF
Avevi, QM = PM = RF ‰es QM || RF D
myZivs QMFR ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|

S
 MF || QR ev MN || QR O
avc 2. Avevi, MF = QR ev MN + NF = QR
1
ev, MN + MN = QR ev 2MN = QR ev MN = 2 QR
E F
1
 MN || QR ‰es MN =
2
QR (cÉgvwYZ) Aâb: FO ˆK ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb Zv DE ˆK S we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
M
 P cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
(1) DFS-‰ DF + DS > SF [wòfzGRi ˆhGKvGbv `yB
  ev, DF + DS > OF +OS ....... (i) evüi mgwÓ¡ Z‡Zxq evü
AGcÞv e†nîi]
(2) Avevi EOS-‰
OS + ES > OE .............. (ii)
Q R (3) (i) I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
D
DF + DS + OS + ES > OF + OS + OE
ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR-‰ PQ > PR ‰es P ‰i mgw«¼L´£K QR ˆK D ev, DF + DE + OS > OF + OS + OE [ DS + ES = DE]
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PDQ Õ©ƒjGKvY|  DF + DE > OE + OF [Dfq cÞ nGZ OS ev` w`Gq] (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv M
 D
(1) PQR-‰ PQ > PR
 R > Q [wòfzGRi e†nîi evüi wecixZ ˆKvY Þz`ËZi O
evüi wecixZ ˆKvY AGcÞv e†nîi|]
E F
1 1 1
ev, R + P > Q + P
2 2
[DfqcGÞ 2 P ˆhvM KGi]
ˆÌqv AvGQ, wòfzR DEF ‰i E ‰es F ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ
(2) Avevi, PRD-‰ wgwjZ nGqGQ| A^Ævr, EO ‰es FO h^vKÌGg DEF ‰es DFE ‰i
1 1
ewn:Õ© PDQ = A¯¦:Õ© wecixZ (R + 2 P) mgw«¼LíK| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, EOF = 90° + 2 D.
(3) ‰es PQD-‰ cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
1 (1) DEF-‰
ewn:Õ© PDR = A¯¦:Õ© wecixZ (Q + 2 P) D + E + F = 180° [ wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180° ]
1 1 1
1 1
 PDQ > PDR [‹ R + P > Q + P] ev, 2 D + 2 E + 2 F = 90° [Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi cvB]
2 2
1 1 1
ˆhGnZz ˆKvY `yBwU mw®²wnZ ˆKvY ‰es Amgvb,  E + F = 90° – D ... ... ... ... (i)
2 2 2
 90 < PDQ < 180 (2) EOF-‰
 PDQ Õ©ƒjGKvY| (cÉgvwYZ) EOF + OEF + OFE = 180°
1 1
cÉk²  37 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4 ev, EOF + 2 E + 2 F = 180° [ EO ‰es FO îLv h^vKÌGg
DEF-‰ E I F ‰i mgw«¼L´£K«¼q ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| E I F-‰i mgw«¼LíK]
1
K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPòwU AuvK| 2 ev, EOF + 90° – 2 D = 180° [(i) bs nGZ]
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, DE + DF > OE + OF. 4 1
1 ev, EOF = 180° – 90° + 2 D
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, EOF = 90 + 2 D. 4
1
 EOF = 90° + D (cÉgvwYZ)
37 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 2
K DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPòwU wbÁ²i…c:
 cÉk²  38 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
ABC ‰i B I C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
D
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPòwU AvuK| 2
1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BOC = 90 + 2 A. 4
O
M. hw` AB ˆK E chÆ¯¦ ‰es AC ˆK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kiv nq ‰es
EBC I FCB ˆKvGYi mgw«¼LíK O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq
E F 1
ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BOC = 90  2 A. 4
38 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, BOC = 180° – 90° + 2 A
1
K

A 1
 BOC = 90° + A
2
(cÉgvwYZ)
A
M weGkl wbeÆPb: ABC-‰i AB evüGK E
O
chÆ¯¦ ‰es AC evüGK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kivq B C
B ‰es C we±`yGZ `yBwU ewntÕ©GKvY h^vKÌGg
B C
EBC ‰es FCB Drc®² nGqGQ| ‰Lb, E F
gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| B I C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q ciÕ·i O EBC ‰i mgw«¼LíK BO ‰es FCB ‰i
mgw«¼LíK CO ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ wgwjZ O
we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
nGqGQ|
L
 A
1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BOC = 90° – 2 A.
O cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
(1) ABC-‰
B C A + B + C = 180° [wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi
mgwÓ¡ 2 mgGKvY]
ˆÌqv AvGQ, wòfzR ABC ‰i B ‰es C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ 1 1 1
wgwjZ nGqGQ| A^Ævr, BO ‰es CO h^vKÌGg ABC ‰es ACB ‰i ev, 2 A + 2 B + 2 C = 90 ... ... ... (i)
1 (2) Avevi, BOC-‰
mgw«¼LíK| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BOC = 90° + 2 A.
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180°
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv 1 1
ev, BOC + 2 EBC + 2 FCB = 180° [ BO ‰es CO h^vKÌGg EBC
(1) ABC-‰
A + B + C = 180° [ wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180° ] I FCB ‰i mgw«¼LíK]
1 1 1 1 1
ev, 2 A + 2 B + 2 C = 90° [Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi cvB] ev, BOC + (180 – B) + (180 – C) = 180
2 2
1 1 1 [CBE, B-‰i ‰es BCF,
 B + C = 90° – A ... ... ... ... (i)
2 2 2
C-‰i mÁ·ƒiK ˆKvY]
(2) BOC-‰ 1 1
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180° ev, BOC + 90 – 2 B + 90 – 2 C = 180
1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, BOC + 2 B + 2 C = 180° [ BO ‰es CO îLv h^vKÌGg ev, BOC = 180° – 90 – 90 + (2 B + 2 C + 2 A) – 2 A [(i) bs nGZ]
B I C-‰i mgw«¼LíK] 1
1  BOC = 90 – 2 A (cÉgvwYZ)
ev, BOC + 90° – A = 180°
2
[(i) bs nGZ]
AaÅvq-7: eÅenvwiK RÅvwgwZ

cÉk²  48 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5 gGb Kwi, ‰KwU iÁ¼Gmi cwimxgv p = 12 ˆm. wg. ‰es ‰KwU ˆKvY
‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x I y ‰es cwimxgv p ˆÌqv x = 50 ˆÌqvAvGQ| iÁ¼mwU AuvKGZ nGe|
AvGQ ˆhb x = 50, y = 60 ‰es p = 12 ˆm. wg.| AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU iwkÄ AE ˆ^GK cwimxgv p ‰i
K. mswÞµ¦ weeiYmn wPòàGjv AuvK| 2 mgvb KGi AP îLvsk ˆKGU ˆbB| AP ˆK Q we±`yGZ mgw«¼LwíZ
L. wòfzRwU AuvK| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4 Kwi|
1
M. ‰gb ‰KwU iÁ¼m AuvK hvi ‰KwU ˆKvY x ‰es cwimxgv p. [AâGbi (2) Avevi AQ ˆK B we±`yGZ mgw«¼LwíZ Kwi| ZvnGj AB = 4 p|
wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4 (3) AB îLvsGki A we±`yGZ BAX = x = 50 AuvwK| AX iwkÄ
K
 p ˆ^GK AD = AB = 4 p Ask ˆKGU wbB|
12 ˆm.wg.
1
(4) B I D ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi AB = 4 p eÅvmvaÆ wbGq BAD ‰i AfÅ¯¦Gi
`yBwU e†îPvc AuvwK| e†îPvc«¼q ciÕ·iGK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
50 60 (5) B, C I D, C ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj ABCD-B DwóÓ¡ iÁ¼m|
x
y cÉk²  49 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
wPGò ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wgmsj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x = 50 I y = 60 ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi cwimxgv 12 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x = 60
‰es cwimxgv p = 12 ˆm. wg. AuvKv nGqGQ| ‰es y = 75|
L
 G
A
H K. Z^ÅàGjvGK wPGò DcÕ©vcb Ki| 2
L. wòfzRwU Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
M. DÚ cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgvwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU iÁ¼m Aâb Ki hvi ‰KwU
ˆKvY y ‰i mgvb| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
1 1
x y
D 2
B p C
2
E F K p
12 ˆm.wg.
ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY h^vKÌGg x = 50, y =
60 ‰es cwimxgv p = 12 ˆm.wg.| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
AâGbi weeiY: 60 75
(1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ DF ˆ^GK DE = p = 12 ˆm.wg. ˆKGU wbB| DE x y
1 1
îLvsGki D I E we±`yGZ 2 x I 2 y ‰i mgvb KGi h^vKÌGg wPGò, wòfzGRi cwimxgv p = 12 ˆmwg ‰es f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY, x = 60
‰es y = 75
EDH I DEG AuvwK|
(2) DH I EG ciÕ·i A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| L
 G
H
A
(3) ‰Lb, A we±`yGZ ADE ‰i mgvb KGi DAB ‰es AED ‰i
mgvb KGi EAC AuvwK|
(4) AB I AC, DE ˆK h^vKÌGg B I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ZvnGj, ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
D F
M
 p
B p C E
X ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY h^vKÌGg x = 60,
y = 75 ‰es cwimxgv p = 12 ˆm.wg.| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
50 AâGbi weeiY :
x
D (1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ DF ˆ^GK DE = p = 12 ˆm. wg. ˆKGU wbB| DE
C
1 1
îLvsGki D I E we±`yGZ 2 x I 2 y ‰i mgvb KGi h^vKÌGg
EDH I DEG AuvwK|
A B P
Q E (2) DH I EG ciÕ·i A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(3) ‰Lb, A we±`yGZ ADE ‰i mgvb KGi DAB ‰es AED ‰i
mgvb KGi EAC AuvwK|
(4) AB I AC, DE ˆK h^vKÌGg B I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ZvnGj, ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
M
 M
 a
E
b
p
12 ˆm.wg. A
X
D
C a
b
75
A B Q P E
B D
C
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a ‰es gGb Kwi, ‰i jÁ¼
evüi Š`NÆÅ b| mgGKvYx wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ BD ˆbB| BD ‰i B we±`yGZ
BE jÁ¼ AuvwK|
ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU iÁ¼Gmi cwimxgv = cÉ`î wòfzGRi cwimxgv = p = 12 (2) BE ˆ^GK BA = b Ask ˆKGU ˆbB| A ˆK±`Ê KGi a ‰i mgvb
ˆm.wg. ‰es ‰KwU ˆKvY y = 75 ˆÌqv AvGQ| iÁ¼mwU AuvKGZ nGe| eÅvmvaÆ wbGq BD ‰i Dci ‰KwU e†îPvc AuvwK|
AâGbi weeiY: (3) e†îPvcwU BD ˆK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AE ˆ^GK cwimxgv p ‰i mgvb KGi AP îLvsk ˆKGU (4) A, C ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj ABC-B DwóÓ¡ mgGKvYx wòfzR|
wbB| AP ˆK Q we±`yGZ mgw«¼LwíZ Kwi|
p cÉk²  51 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
(2) Avevi AQ ˆK B we±`yGZ mgw«¼LwíZ Kwi| ZvnGj AB = 4
‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY 60 ‰es 45| kxlÆ ˆ^GK f„wgi
(3) AB îLvsGki A we±`yGZ BAX = y AuvwK| AX iwkÄ ˆ^GK Dci AwâZ jGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ 3 ˆm.wg.|
p K. cÉ`î Z^ÅàwjGK wPGòi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| 2
AD = AB =
4
Ask ˆKGU wbB|
L. AâGbi weeiYmn wòfzRwU AuvK| 4
p
(4) B I D ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi AB = 4 ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq BAD ‰i M. wòfzRwU hw` ABC nq ‰es ‰i f„wg msj™² ˆKvY `yBwU hw`
AfÅ¯¦Gi `yBwU e†îPvc AuvwK| e†îPvc«¼q ciÕ·iGK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| 60 ‰es 45 nq ‰es ‰Gì mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ
1
(5) B,C I D,C ˆhvM Kwi| nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, BOC = 90 + 2 A| 4
ZvnGj ABCD B DwóÓ¡ iÁ¼m| 51 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K

cÉk²  50 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `ywU ˆKvY x I y, cwimxgv p ˆÌqv AvGQ| 45 60
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPò AvuK| 2 x y
L. wòfzRwU AsKb Ki (AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK) 4
M. ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦ wòfzGRi f„wgGK AwZfyR I Aci ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU d
3 ˆm.wg.
evüGK jÁ¼ aGi ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR AsKb Ki| 4
wPGò, wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x = 45 ‰es y = 60|
50 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb wòfzGRi kxlÆ ˆ^GK f„wgi Dci AwâZ jGÁ¼i ‹`NÆÅ d = 3 ˆm.wg.|
K
L

p
A
P Q
x y
x y d
ˆÌqv AvGQ, f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x I y ‰es wòfzGRi M

D
N
B C
cwimxgv p. E
L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 7.1 ‰i mÁ·`Å-3 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-140|

‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² ˆKvY `yBwU h^vKÌGg x = 45 I weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ eMÆGÞòwUi ‰KwU evü a = 3
y = 60 ‰es kxlÆ ˆ^GK f„wgi Dci AwâZ jGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ d = 3 ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ| eMÆGÞòwU AuvKGZ nGe|
ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| AâGbi weeiY :
AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆhGKvb iwkÄ BE ˆbB|
(1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AE ˆ^GK AD = d wbB| AD ‰i A I D we±`yGZ (2) BE ‰i B we±`yGZ BF  BE AuvwK|
h^vKÌGg PAQ ‰es MDN jÁ¼ AuvwK| (3) BE I BF ˆ^GK h^vKÌGg BC = BA = a ˆKGU ˆbB|
(2) PQ îLvsGki A we±`yGZ x = PAB ‰es y = QAC AuvwK| (4) A I C ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi a ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KB w`GK `yBwU
(3) gGbKwi, AB I AC îLvsk MN îLvGK B I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` e†îPvc AuvwK hv D we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
KGi| ZvnGj, ABC -B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR| (5) A, D I C, D ˆhvM Kwi|
M
 A ZvnGj ABCDB DwóÓ¡ eMÆGÞò|
P 12 P 12
M a = 2 = 2 = 6 ˆm.wg. I b = 3 = 3 = 4 ˆm.wg. ˆKvGbv

O
UÇvwcwRqvGgi mgv¯¦ivj `yB evü ‰es a msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x = 50
I y = 70 ˆÌqv AvGQ| UÇvwcwRqvgwU AuvKGZ nGe|
B C
a
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, wòfzR ABC ‰i f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY 6cm
b
4cm
B = 45 ‰es C = 60 ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
A^Ævr, BO ‰es CO h^vKÌGg ABC ‰es ACB ‰i mgw«¼LíK| cÉgvY
1
KiGZ nGe ˆh, BOC = 90° + 2 A.
50 70
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv x y
(1) ABC-‰
A + B + C = 180° [wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180°]
1 1 1
ev, 2 A + 2 B + 2 C = 90° [Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi cvB] Z
Y
1 1 1
 B + C = 90° – A ... ... ... ... (i) b y
2 2 2 D C
(2) BOC-‰
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180°
1 1
ev, BOC + 2 B + 2 C = 180° [ BO ‰es CO îLv h^vKÌGg
B I C-‰i mgw«¼LíK] 70

50 b x
1
ev, BOC + 90° – 2 A = 180° [(i) bs nGZ] A E a B X
1
ev, BOC = 180° – 90° + 2 A
AâGbi weeiY : (1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AX ˆ^GK AB = a wbB|
1
 BOC = 90° + A (cÉgvwYZ) (2) BA îLvsGki A we±`yGZ x = 50 ‰i mgvb BAY ‰es B
2
we±`yGZ y = 70 ‰i mgvb ABZ AuvwK|
cÉk²  52 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 (3) ‰evi AB îLvsk ˆ^GK AE = b ˆKGU wbB|
(4) E we±`yGZ
‰KwU eGMÆi cwimxgv P = 12 ˆm.wg. ‰es x = 50; y = 70.
EC || AY AuvwK hv BZ iwkÄGK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
K. eMÆwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
(5) ‰evi CD || BA AuvwK| CD îLvsk AY iwkÄGK D we±`yGZ ˆQ`
L. eMÆwU Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
P P P KGi| ZvnGj, ABCDB DwóÓ¡ UÇvwcwRqvg|
M. 2, 3 ˆKvGbv UÇvwcwRqvGgi `ywU mgv¯¦ivj evü ‰es 2 evü msj™² `ywU
ˆKvY x, y nGj UÇvwcwRqvgwU Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I cÉk²  53 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
weeiY AvekÅK] 4
52 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb kvwdb I Rvwnb KvwV w`Gq wòfzR I PZzfzÆR evbvGbvi ˆPÓ¡v KiwQj| ZvGì
K eGMÆi ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ a nGj cwimxgv, 4a = 12
 KvGQ 5 ˆm.wg. I 8 ˆm.wg. gvGci `ywU KvwV ‰es 45 gvGci ‰KwU
 a = 3 ˆm.wg. µÏvwÕ¡GKi ˆKvY AvGQ|
 eMÆwUi ˆÞòdj, a = 3 = 9 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
2 2 K. cÉ`î Z^ÅàGjv wPGòi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
L. ˆQvU KvwVGK f„
w g, eo KvwVGK Aci evü«¼ G qi mgwÓ¡ ‰es cÉ
` î
L
 F
D
ˆKvY ˆQvU KvwV msj™² aGi ‰KwU wòfzR AuvK| [AâGbi wPn×
A
a I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
3 ˆm.wg.
M. KvwV `ywUGK ˆKvGYi mvgv¯¦wiGKi KYÆ ‰es cÉ`î ˆKvYwUGK
ZvGì A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY aGi mvgv¯¦wiKwU Aâb Ki| [AâGbi
wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
B C E
53 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (2) O we±`yGZ AOP = x = 45 AuvwK|
K
 1
(3) OP iwkÄi wecixZ iwkÄ OQ AuvwK| OP ˆ^GK 2 b ‰i mgvb KGi OB
a
5 ˆm.wg. 1
‰es OQ ˆ^GK 2 b ‰i mgvb KGi OD Ask ˆKGU wbB|
s 8 ˆm.wg.
x
45 (4) ‰Lb, A, B; B, C; C, D ‰es D, A ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj, ABCD-B
DwóÓ¡ mvgv¯¦wiK|
cÉ`î Z^Åvbyhvqx, 5 ˆm.wg. I 8 ˆm.wg. gvGci `ywU KvwV ‰es 45
gvGci µÏvwÕ¡GKi ˆKvY AâY Kiv nGqGQ| cÉk²  54 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
L
 F a
a 5cm
5 ˆm.wg. D s
s 8 ˆm.wg. 7cm x
x = 45
A K. eMÆ ‰es iÁ¼Gmi gGaÅ `y’wU cv^ÆKÅ ˆjL| 2
s L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‰gb ‰KwU wòfzR AuvK, hvi f„wg a,
45 f„wgmsj™² ˆKvY x ‰es Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ s ‰i mgvb|
x
[AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
B
45
E
M. ‰gb ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR AuvK, hvi AwZfzR a ‰es Aci
a C `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ s ‰i mgvb| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg a = 5 ˆm. wg., f„wg
K eMÆ I iÁ¼Gmi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ:
msj™² ‰KwU ˆKvY x = 45 ‰es Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ s = 8 ˆm. eMÆ iÁ¼m
wg.| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| (i) eGMÆi cÉGZÅK ˆKvY ‰K (i) iÁ¼Gmi ˆKvGbv ˆKvY ‰K
AâGbi weeiY : (1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ BE ˆ^GK BC = a = 5 ˆm. mgGKvY| mgGKvY bq|
wg. ˆKGU wbB| BC îLvsGki B we±`yGZ CBF = x = 45 AuvwK| (ii) eGMÆi KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·i (ii) iÁ¼Gmi KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·i
(2) BF ˆ^GK BD = s = 8 ˆm. wg. ˆKGU wbB| mgvb| mgvb bq|
(3) C, D ˆhvM Kwi| CD îLvsGki ˆh cvGk B we±`y iGqGQ ˆm cvGk C L ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi a
5cm
we±`yGZ BDC = DCA AuvwK| f„wg a = 5 cm, f„wg msj™² s
(4) gGb Kwi, CA, BD ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ZvnGj, ABC-B ‰KwU ˆKvY x = 45 7cm
DwóÓ¡ wòfzR| ‰es Aci `yB evüi
M
 mgwÓ¡ s = 7cm ˆÌqv
AvGQ| wòfzRwU x
45
AuvKGZ nGe| F
AâGbi weeiY:
D
(1) ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU iwkÄ BE ˆ^GK
G
f„wg a ‰i mgvb KGi BC A
b îLvsk ˆKGU wbB| BC
îLvsGki B we±`yGZ x ‰i x
mgvb CBF AuvwK| B a C E
(2) BF iwkÄ ˆ^GK s ‰i mgvb BD Ask KvwU|
(3) C, D ˆhvM Kwi| C we±`yGZ DC îLvsGki ˆh cvGk B we±`y AvGQ
ˆmB cvGk BDC ‰i mgvb DCG AuvwK|
M (4) CG iwkÄ BD ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
P ZvnGj, ABC B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
C
M a
5 cm
B 1
b
2
s 7 cm R
x 1
b
O 2
Q D A
A D
A a
gGb Kwi, ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiGKi `yBwU KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg a = 5 ˆm. wg. I b
= 8 ˆm.wg. ‰es ‰Gì A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY x = 45 ˆÌqv AvGQ| mvgv¯¦wiKwU a
AuvKGZ nGe| 45
AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AM ˆ^GK AC = a = 5 ˆm.wg. ˆKGU P BÆ B C
Q
wbB| AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y O wbYÆq Kwi|

gGb Kwi, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a ‰es Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ AâGbi weeiY: F
s ˆÌqv AvGQ| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| (1) ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU iwkÄ BE ˆ^GK
AâGbi weeiY: f„wg a ‰i mgvb KGi BC D
(1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ PQ ˆ^GK PC = s ˆKGU wbB| PC îLvsGki P îLvsk ˆKGU wbB| BC G
A
we±`yGZ CPR = 45 AuvwK| îLvsGki B we±`yGZ x ‰i
(2) C ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi a ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq PR‰i Dci ‰KwU mgvb CBF AuvwK|
e†îPvc AuvwK| (2) BF iwkÄ ˆ^GK S ‰i mgvb BD B
a=4 C E
(3) gGbKwi, e†îPvcwU PR ˆK A I A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| A I A Ask KvwU|
ˆ^GK PC-‰i Dci h^vKÌGg AB ‰es AB jÁ¼ AuvwK| (3) C, D ˆhvM Kwi| C we±`yGZ DC îLvsGki ˆh cvGk B we±`y AvGQ
(4) ‰Lb A, C ‰es A, C ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj, ABC Aêv ABC- ˆmB cvGk BDC ‰i mgvb DCG AuvwK|
B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR| (4) CG iwkÄ BD ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
cÉk²  55 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6 ZvnGj, ABC B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg, a = 4 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wg msj™² ˆKvY, x = 30. M wòfzGRi f„wg a = 4 ˆm.wg., f„wg msj™² ‰KwU ˆKvY x = 30 ‰es Aci

K. Z^ÅàwjGK wPwn×Z wPGòi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2 `yB evüi A¯¦i d = 2.5 ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
L. wòfzRwUi `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ S = 6 ˆm.wg. nGj, eYÆbvmn wòfzRwU a
4 ˆm.wg.
AuvK| 4 d
2.5 ˆm.wg. E
M. wòfzGRi Aci evü `yBwUi A¯¦i d = 2.5 ˆm.wg. nGj, eYÆbvmn A
wòfzRwU AuvK| 4
A
55 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb D
K

x
a
4 ˆm.wg. x = 30 B
30 a C F
x AâGbi weeiY:
L gGbKwi, ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi
 a
4 ˆm.wg. (1) ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU iwkÄ BF ˆ^GK f„wg a ‰i mgvb KGi BC îLvsk
f„wg a = 4 ˆm.wg., f„wg msj™² S ˆKGU wbB| BC îLvsGki B we±`yGZ x ‰i mgvb CBE AuvwK|
6 ˆm.wg.
‰KwU ˆKvY x = 30 (2) BE iwkÄ ˆ^GK d ‰i mgvb BD Ask ˆKGU wbB|
‰es Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ (3) C, D ˆhvM Kwi| DC îLvsGki ˆh cvGk E we±`y AvGQ ˆmB cvGk C
S = 6 ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ| 30
we±`yGZ EDC ‰i mgvb DCA AuvwK| CA iwkÄ BE iwkÄGK A
wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| x
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ZvnGj, ABC B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
AaÅvq-8: e†î
cÉk²  227 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 6 ev, OL + ON > PM mgwÓ¡ Z‡Zxq evü AGcÞv e†nîi]
ev, LN > PM
LMN e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê O ‰es eÅvmvaÆ 3 ˆm.wg.|
A^Ævr LN B e†nîg RÅv|
K. e†îwU AuvK| 2
ˆhGnZz LN e†Gîi eÅvm hvi Š`NÆÅ 6 ˆm. wg.| myZivs, e†Gîi ˆh ˆKvGbv
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, e†Gîi M we±`yGZ AwâZ Õ·kÆK OM ‰i Dci
RÅv 6 ˆm.wg. AGcÞv eo nGZ cvGi bv| (cÉgvwYZ)
jÁ¼| 4
M. RÅvwgwZK wPò I hywÚi mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, e†îwUi ˆKGbv cÉk²  228 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5
RÅv 6 ˆm.wg. ‰i eo nGZ cvGi bv| 4 ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi cwimxgv 9.5 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wg msj™² ˆKvY«¼q 50 I 60|
227 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K. DGÍÏwLZ Z^ÅàGjv wPGòi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvI| 2
K
 L. AâGbi wPn× I weeiYmn wòfzRwU ‰uGK ˆ`LvI| 4
N
M. DGÍÏwLZ wòfzRwUi ‰KwU cwie†î Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I
weeiY AvekÅK] 4
O L
wPGò LMN ‰KwU e†î Aâb 3 Gm. wg. 228 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
Kiv nGjv hvi ˆK±`Ê O ‰es K p
9.5 †m.wg.
eÅvmvaÆ, OL = 3 ˆm. wg.| M
L
 N
50 60
x y
O L
wPGò, ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi cwimxgv p = 9.5 ˆm. wg. ‰es f„wg msj™²
ˆKvY«¼q x = 50 ‰es y = 60.
Q T L

M
x y
gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ LMN e†Gîi DciÕ© M we±`yGZ MT ‰KwU
G H
Õ·kÆK ‰es OM Õ·kÆ we±`yMvgx eÅvmvaÆ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, e†Gîi
A
M we±`yGZ AwâZ Õ·kÆK OM ‰i Dci jÁ¼ A^Ævr, MT  OM.
Aâb: MT Õ·kÆGKi Dci ˆh ˆKvb ‰KwU we±`y Q wbB ‰es O, Q
ˆhvM Kwi|
cÉgvY: ˆhGnZz e†Gîi M we±`yGZ MT ‰KwU Õ·kÆK myZivs H M we±`y 1
x
1
y
2 2
eÅZxZ MT ‰i DciÕ© AbÅ mKj we±`y e†Gîi evwnGi ^vKGe| D F
B C E
 Q we±`ywU e†Gîi evwnGi AewÕ©Z|
 OQ, e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ OM ‰i ˆPGq eo A^Ævr OQ > OM ‰es Zv ˆÌqv AvGQ, ˆKvb wòfzGRi cwimxgv p = 9.5 ˆm. wg. ‰es f„wg msj™²
Õ·kÆ we±`y M eÅZxZ MT ‰i DciÕ© mKj Q we±`yi AeÕ©vGbi RbÅ `ywU ˆKvY x = 50 I y = 60 wòfzRwU AvuKGZ nGe|
AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ DF ˆ^GK DE = p = 9.5 ˆm. wg.
mZÅ|
1 1
 ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK MT Õ·kÆGKi Dci OM nGjv Þz`ËZg `ƒiZ½| wbB| (2) DE ‰i D I E we±`yGZ EDH = 2 x I DEG = 2 y
myZivs MT  OM. (cÉgvwYZ) AvuwK| gGb Kwi, DH I EG ciÕ·i A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| (3)
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ LMN e†Gîi
 ‰Lb, A we±`yGZ BAD = ADB ‰es CAE = AEC AvuwK| gGb
N
eÅvmvaÆ 3 ˆm. wg., A^Ævr eÅvm 6 ˆm. wg.| Kwi, AB I AC, DE ˆK h^vKÌGg B I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ZvnGj
O
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, e†Gîi ˆh ˆKvb RÅv 6 ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
ˆm. wg. ˆ^GK eo nGZ cvGi bv A^Ævr L M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 8.5 ‰i mÁ·v`Å-4 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-145

e†Gîi eÅvmB e†nîg RÅv| M P cÉk²  229 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 6
Aâb: PM eÅvm wf®² ˆh ˆKvb ‰KwU RÅv PQR ‰i f„wg QR = 6 cm. Aci `yB evüi A¯¦i 2cm ‰es f„wg msj™²
wbB| O, M ‰es O, P ˆhvM Kwi| ˆKvY 45|
cÉgvY: K. ˆcw´Öj KÁ·vGmi mvnvGhÅ 45 ˆKvY AuvK| 2
avc: h^v^ÆZv: L. weeiYmn PQR Aâb KGiv| 4
(1) OL = OP = OM = ON [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ] M.
PQ
eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ e†Gî ‰gb `yBwU Õ·kÆK AuvK ˆhb ZvGì
2
(2) OPM ‰ OP + OM > PM [wòfGRi ˆhGKvb `yB evüi
A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY 60 nq| 4
229 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 230 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb P
K
 B C K ˆÌqv AvGQ, OP = 6 cm

A^Ævr, e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ r = 6 cm
 e†îwUi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ‰KK O
Q R
= 3.1416  62 cm2
2
= 3.1416  36 cm
45 A
O = 113.0976 cm2 (cÉvq) (Ans)
L
 P
wPGò, AOC = 45 Aâb Kiv nGjv|
L
 a O
6 cm
Q R
d D
2 cm 45
x
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQR e†Gî QR PvGci Dci
S
`ívqgvb e†îÕ© QPR ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© QOR. cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
P 1
QPR = QOR
2
N
AsKb: gGb Kwi, PR îLvsk ˆK±`ÊMvgx bq| ‰GÞGò P we±`y w`Gq
ˆK±`ÊMvgx îLvsk PD AvuwK|
d cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
x
Q M (1) POQ ‰i ewntÕ© ˆKvY
a R
 QOD = QPO + PQO [ewntÕ© ˆKvY A¯¦tÕ© wecixZ
ˆÌqv AvGQ, DPQR ‰i f„wg, QR = a = 6 cm, Aci `yB evüi A¯¦i, ˆKvY«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡i mgvb]
d = 2cm ‰es f„wg msj™² ‰KwU ˆKvY x = 45, wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| (2) POQ-‰ OP = OQ [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
AâGbi weeiY: AZ‰e, QPO = PQO [mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi f„wg
msj™² ˆKvY `yBwU mgvb]
1. ˆh ˆKvb iwkÄ QM ˆ^GK QR = a = 6cm wbB|
(3) avc (1) I (2) ˆ^GK
2. QR GiLvsGki Q we±`yGZ RQS = x = 45 AuvwK| QOD = QPO + QPO = 2QPO
3. QS ˆ^GK QN = d = 2cm wbB| (4) ‰KBfvGe POR ˆ^GK ROD = 2RPO
4. R, N ˆhvM Kwi| (5) avc (3) I (4) ˆ^GK
5. RN îLvsGki ˆh cvGk S we±`y AvGQ ˆmB cvGk R we±`yGZ QOD + ROD = 2QPO + 2RPO [ˆhvM KGi]
RNS ‰i mgvb KGi NRP AuvwK| ev, QOR = 2QPR
6. RP iwkÄ QS ˆK P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ev, 2QPR = QOR
ZvnGj DPQR-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR| 1
 QPR = QOR (cÉgvwYZ)
PQ B 2
M gGb Kwi,
 eÅvmvaÆ
2 M
 P
wewkÓ¡ ABC ‰KwU
e†î hvi ˆK±`Ê O, DÚ C O
O P Q R
e†Gî ‰gb `ywU Õ·kÆK
AuvKGZ nGe hvGì S
A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY 60| A weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQSR e†Gî QPS +
AâGbi weeiY: SPR = 90 cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, Q, O ‰es R ‰KB mijGiLvq
(1) OA ˆhGKvGbv eÅvmvaÆ wbB ‰es AOB = 120 AuvwK| OB iwkÄ AewÕ©Z|
e†îwUGK B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| AsKb: Q, O ; S, O ‰es R, O ˆhvM Kwi|
(2) ‰Lb, OA ‰i A we±`yGZ AP ‰es OB ‰i B we±`yGZ BP jÁ¼ AuvwK| cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
gGb Kwi, AP I BP jÁ¼«¼q ciÕ·iGK P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| (1) ‰KB Pvc QS ‰i Dci `´£vqgvb
ZvnGj, AP I BP B DwóÓ¡ Õ·kÆK«¼q hvGì A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY 60| e†îÕ© QPS ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© QOS
cÉk²  230 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 1
 QPS = QOS
2
[e†Gîi ‰KB PvGci Dci
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQR e†Gî QR PvGci Dci `ívqgvb e†îÕ© QPR ‰es `´£vqgvb e†îÕ© ˆKvY ˆK±`ÊÕ©
ˆK±`ÊÕ© QOR. ˆKvGYi AGaÆK]
K. OP = 6 cm nGj, e†îwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
1
(2) Avevi, ‰KB Pvc SR ‰i Ici `´£vqgvb
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QPR = 2QOR| 4 e†îÕ© SPR ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© SOR
M. hw` QPS + SPR = 90 nq, ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, Q, O ‰es 1
 SPR = SOR [‰KB KviGY]
R ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| 4 2
(3) avc (1) I (2) nGZ cvB, AO = AO [mvaviY evü]
1 1  AOP  AOQ
QPS + SPR = QOS + SOR
2 2  AOP = AOQ
1
ev, 90 = 2 (QOS + SOR) [ˆÌqv AvGQ, QPS + SPR = 90] A^Ævr POM = QOM
(2) ‰Lb, OPM I OQM ‰
ev, QOS + SOR = 2  90 POM = QOM
 QOS + SOR = 180 = `yB mgGKvY OP = OQ [ ‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
(4) wK¯§, QOS ‰es SOR `ywU mw®²wnZ ˆKvY OM = OM [mvaviY evü]
‰es ZvGì mgwÓ¡ `yB mgGKvY|  OPM  OQM
 OMP = OMQ
Avevi, QOS ‰es SOR ‰i ewntÕ© evü«¼q h^vKÌGg OQ ‰es OR
wK¯§ ‰iv ŠiwLK hyMjGKvY ‰es
 OQ ‰es OR ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z|
‰Gì cwigvc mgvb|
A^Ævr, Q, O ‰es R ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| (cÉgvwYZ)  OMP = OMQ = 90
 OM  PQ
cÉk²  231 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 A^Ævr AO  PQ
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQR e†Gî A ‰KwU ewntÕ© we±`y| AP ‰es AQ e†Gîi P I
 AO, PQ ‰i jÁ¼w«¼LíK| (cÉgvwYZ)
Q we±`yGZ `yBwU Õ·kÆK|
cÉk²  232 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK e†îwUi wPwn×Z wPò AvuK| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AP = AQ| 4 mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfyR ‰es mgGKvY msj™² ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AO, PQ ‰i jÁ¼w«¼L´£K| 4 7 ˆm.wg. ‰es 4 ˆm.wg.|
231 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K. wòfzRwUi Aci evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
K
 Q L. ‰KwU eMÆ AvuK, hvi cwimxgv wòfzGRi cwimxgvi mgvb|
(AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK) 4
A O R M. wòfzRwUi cwie†î AsKb Ki| (AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY
AvekÅK) 4
P 232 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K

wPGò O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQR e†Gîi A ‰KwU ewntÕ© we±`y ‰es AP I A
AQ e†Gîi P I Q we±`yGZ `ywU Õ·kÆK|
L cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AP = AQ.
 7 ˆm.wg.
Aâb: O, P; O, Q ‰es O, A ˆhvM Kwi|
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv B C
4 ˆm.wg.
(1) ˆhGnZz AP Õ·kÆK ‰es OP Õ·kÆ
we±`yMvgx eÅvmvaÆ, gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i B = 90 ‰es AwZfzR,
 AP  OP [Õ·kÆK Õ·kÆwe±`yMvgx AC = 7 ˆm.wg. ‰es mgGKvY msj™² evü, BC = 4 ˆm.wg.
myZivs APO = ‰K mgGKvY eÅvmvGaÆi Dci jÁ¼] wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB,
Abyi‚cfvGe, AQO = ‰K mgGKvY| AB2 + BC2 = AC2
(2) ‰Lb, APO I AQO mgGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gq ev, AB2 = AC2 − BC2 = 72 − 42 = 49 − 16 = 33
AwZfzR AO = AwZfzR AO  AB = 5.74
‰es OP = OQ [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]  Aci evüi Š`NÆÅ 5.74 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 APO  AQO [mgGKvYx wòfzGRi L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,

 AP = AQ. (cÉgvwYZ) AwZfzR evü meÆmgZv] wòfzGRi cwimxgv = (7 + 4 + 5.74) ˆm.wg. = 16.74 ˆm.wg.
M
 P
‰Lb ‰gb ‰KwU eMÆ AuvKGZ nGe hvi cwimxgv wòfzGRi cwimxgvi
mgvb|
A
M
O  eGMÆi cwimxgv = 16.74 ˆm.wg.
 eGMÆi evüi Š`NÆÅ = (16.74  4) ˆm.wg. = 4.19 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq)
a
Aâb: P, Q ˆhvM Kwi hv AO
Q ˆK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| 4.19 ˆm.wg.
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv E
(1) AOP I AOQ ‰i gGaÅ D
C
OP = OQ [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
AP = AQ [e†Gîi ewntÕ© ˆKvGbv we±`y
ˆ^GK e†Gî `yBwU Õ·kÆK
UvbGj, H we±`y ˆ^GK Õ·kÆ X
A B
we±`y«¼Gqi `ƒiZ½ mgvb|]
ewntÕ© AEC= A¯¦tÕ© (ADE [wòfzGRi ewntÕ© ˆKvY
gGb Kwi, eMÆwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ, a = 4.19 ˆm.wg. +EAD) A¯¦tÕ© wecixZ ˆKvY«¼Gqi
eMÆwU AuvKGZ nGe| A^Ævr AEC = ADC + BAD mgwÓ¡i mgvb]
AâGbi weeiY: (2) ‰Lb, AC PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z
(1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AX ˆ^GK AB = a wbB| AB ‰i Dci AE jÁ¼ AuvwK| ADC e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es AOC
(2) AE ˆ^GK AD = a wbB| ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY|
(3) ‰Lb, B I D ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi a = 4.19 ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq BAD  AOC = 2ADC [e†Gîi ‰KB PvGci Dci
‰i AfÅ¯¦Gi `ywU e†îPvc AuvwK hv ciÕ·iGK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| `ívqgvb ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY
(4) B, C I D,C ˆhvM Kwi|
e†îÕ© ˆKvGYi w«¼àY]
ZvnGj ABCD-B DwóÓ¡ eMÆ| F
(3) Avevi, BD PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z
M
 a A BAD e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es BOD
7 ˆm.wg.
b Q ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY|
4 ˆm.wg.
 BOD = 2BAD [H ‰KB KviGY]
L M (4)  AOC + BOD = 2ADC + 2BAD
O = 2(ADC + BAD)
P = 2AEC [avc-1 nGZ]
 AOC + BOD = 2AEC (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
B C D
M weGkl wbeÆPb : gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`Ê
gGb Kwi, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a = 7 ˆm.wg., wewkÓ¡ e†Gîi AB I DC RÅv `ywU e†Gîi
‰KwU evü b = 4 ˆm.wg.| wòfzRwU Aâb KGi ‰i cwie†î AvuKGZ nGe| AfÅ¯¦Gi AewÕ©Z E we±`yGZ mgGKvGY
AâGbi weeiY: wgwjZ nGqGQ| A, O ‰es C, O ˆhvM O
(1) BC = b wbB| Kivq AOC Drc®² nq| Avevi, O, D

E
(2) B we±`yGZ BF ^ BC AuvwK| ‰es O, B ˆhvM Kivq BOD Drc®² A B
(3) C ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi a ‰i mgvb KGi BF ‰i Dci ‰KwU e†îPvc AuvwK| nq| C
(4) e†îPvcwU BF ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| A, C ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AOC + BOD = `yB mgGKvY|
ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR AwâZ nGjv| Aâb: B, C ˆhvM Kwi|
(5) ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AB I AC ‰i mgw«¼L´£K h^vKÌGg LM I cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
PQ AuvwK| Zviv ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| (1) ‰KB Pvc AC-‰i Ici `ívqgvb
(6) O, B ˆhvM Kwi| ‰Lb O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OB ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ˆK±`ÊÕ© AOC ‰es e†îÕ© ABC.
1
‰KwU e†î AuvwK| hv A, B I C we±`y w`Gq AwZKÌg KGi| ZvnGj  2AOC = ABC [e†Gîi ‰KB PvGci Ici
ABC-B DóxÓ¡ cwie†î|
`ívqgvb e†îÕ© ˆKvY
cÉk²  233 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvGYi AGaÆK]
‰KwU e†Gî AB I CD `yBwU RÅv| AB RÅv ‰i Dci jÁ¼ CD| AC I BD A^Ævr, AOC = 2ABC ... ... ... (i)
Pvc«¼q ˆKG±`Ê h^vKÌGg AOC I BOD ˆKvY Drc®² KGiGQ| Abyi…cfvGe ˆ`LvGbv hvq ˆh,
BOD = 2 BCD ... ... ... (ii)
K. Z^Åvbyhvqx wPòwU AsKb Ki| 2
(2) (i) bs I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, AOC + BOD = 2AEC. 4
AOC + BOD = 2 ABC + 2 BCD
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AOC + BOD = `yB mgGKvY| 4
ev, AOC + BOD = 2 (ABC + BCD)
233 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, AOC + BOD = 2 (EBC + ECB) ... ... ... (iii)
K A ‰Lb,  EBC-‰i
EBC + ECB = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (iv)
[KviY AB  DC eGj
O BEC = ‰K mgGKvY]
(3) (iv) bs ‰i gvb (iii) bs-‰ ewmGq cvB,
D E C AOC + BOD = 2 × 1 mgGKvY
B  AOC + BOD = `yB mgGKvY| (cÉgvwYZ)
L weGkl wbeÆvPb: gGb Kwi, AB I CD RÅv `yBwU O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gîi
cÉk²  234 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
AfÅ¯¦Gi E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| O, A; O, B; O, C ‰es O, D ˆhvM
Kwi| AC I BD Pvc«¼q ˆKG±`Ê h^vKÌGg AOC ‰es BOD Drc®² PQR ‰KwU mgevü wòfzR hvi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ 5 ˆm.wg.| Q I R-
KGiGQ| ‰i ewnw«¼ÆLíK«¼q ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AOC + BOD = 2 AEC. K. cÉ`î Z^Å Abyhvqx wPòwU AuvK| 2
1
Aâb: A, D ˆhvM Kwi| L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QOR = 90 − 2 P. 4
cÉgvYt avc h^v^ÆZv M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ wòfzRwUi A¯¦e†Æî AuvK| [AâGbi wPn× I
(1) ADE-‰, weeiY AvekÅK] 4
234 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR ‰KwU mgevü wòfzGRi
K
 P PQ = QR = PR = 5 ˆm.wg. hvi A¯¦e†Æî AvuKGZ nGe|
AâGbi weeiY:
(1) PQR I PRQ ‰i mgw«¼LíK h^vKÌGg QM I RN AvuwK hv
Q R ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(2) O nGZ QR ‰i Dci OA jÁ¼ AvuwK hv QR ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
O (3) ‰Lb, O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OA ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK
M N
hv PQ, QR I PR evüòqGK h^vKÌGg B, A I C we±`yGZ Õ·kÆ KGi|
wPGò PQR ‰KwU mgevü wòfzR hvi PQ = QR = PR = 5 ˆm.wg.| ZvnGj ABC-B DwóÓ¡ A¯¦e†Æî|
Q I R ‰i ewnw«¼ÆL´£K«¼q h^vKÌGg QO I RO ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ
wgwjZ nq| cÉk²  235 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
L weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, PQR mgevü wòfzGRi PQ I PR evü«¼qGK PQRS PZzfzÆRwU O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ| PR ‰es QS KYÆ«¼q
h^vKÌGg M I N we±`y chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kivq `ywU ewntGKvY RQM I QRN ciÕ·iGK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
Drc®² nGqGQ| ‰Lb, RQM ‰i mgw«¼L´£K QO, QRM ‰i mgw«¼L´£K K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPòwU AuvK| 2
RO ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| L. PQ = SR nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ˆK±`Ê O nGZ PQ I SR
1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, QOR = 90 – 2  P. mg`ƒieZxÆ| 4
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, POQ + ROS = 2 PMQ 4
(1) PQR-‰ 235 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
P
P + Q + R = 180 [ wòfzGRi wZbGKvGYi K

mgwÓ¡ 180] Q
1 1 1
ev, 2 P + 2 Q + 2  R = 90 [DfqcÞGK 2 «¼viv O M
fvM KGi]
1 1 1 S R
ev, 2 Q + 2 R = 90 – 2  P
(2) Avevi, QOR-‰
QOR + OQR + ORQ = 180 [‰KB KviY] wPGò PQRS PZzfyR
Æ wU O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ hvi PR I QS
1 1 KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·iGK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
ev, QOR + 2 MQR + 2QRN = 180 [‹ OQ, MPQ ‰i
L

‰es OR, QRN ‰i mgw«¼LíK] P S
1 1
ev, QOR + 2 (180 – Q) + 2 (180 – R) = 180
[ MQR, Q ‰i E F
O
‰es QRN, R ‰i
mÁ·ƒiK ˆKvY]
1 1 Q R
ev, QOR + 90 – 2Q + 90 – 2 R = 180
(1 1 )
ev, QOR + 180 – 2  Q + 2  R = 180
weGkl wbeÆPb : gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî PQ I SR `ywU RÅv ˆhLvGb
1
ev, QOR + 180 – (90 – 2  P) = 180 [avc-1 ˆ^GK] PQ = SR, cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, ˆK±`Ê O nGZ PQ I SR mg`ƒieZÆx|
AsKb: O ˆ^GK OE  PQ ‰es OF  RS AvuwK| O, P ‰es O, S ˆhvM
1
ev, QOR + 180 – 90 + 2 P = 180 Kwi|
ev, QOR = 180 – 90 – 2 P
1 cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
(1) ˆhGnZz OE  PQ I OF  RS
1
 QOR = 90 –  P (cÉgvwYZ) 1 1
2  PE = PQ
2
‰es SF = 2SR [ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®²
M
 P
RÅv ‰i Dci AwâZ
jÁ¼ H RÅv ˆK
B C mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi]
N O M (2) wK¯§, PQ = SR
1 1
ev, 2 PQ = 2SR
Q R ev, PE = SF [avc-1 nGZ]
A
(3) ‰Lb, PEO I SFO mgGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ 236 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
OP = OS [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ] K
 D
PE = SF [avc-2 ‰]
 PEO  SFO
 OE = OF C
O
(4) wK¯§ OE I OF h^vKÌGg ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK PQ I SR ‰i `ƒiZ½ cÉKvk
A B
KGi|
AZ‰e, ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK PQ I SR mg`ƒieZÆx| (cÉgvwYZ)
M

P L MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjbx-8.1 ‰i Dccv`Å-18 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-154

A
M weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, AB I CD
Q RÅv `yBwU O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gîi AfÅ¯¦Gi
O
M E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| O, A; O, B; O,
O
S C ‰es O, D ˆhvM Kwi| AC I BD
R
Pvc«¼q ˆKG±`Ê h^vKÌGg AOC ‰es D C
E
BOD Drc®² KGiGQ|
B
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQRS PZzfÆyRwU O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gî cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
A¯¦wjÆwLZ ‰es PR I QS KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·iGK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| P, O; AOC + BOD = 2 AEC.
Q, O; S, O ‰es R, O ˆhvM Kiv nj| Aâb: A, D ˆhvM Kwi|

cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, POQ + ROS = 2PMQ cÉgvYt avc h^v^ÆZv
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv (1) ADE-‰,
(1) PQ PvGci Dci ˆK±`ÊÕ© POQ I ewntÕ© AEC [wòfzGRi ewntÕ© ˆKvY
e†îÕ© PSQ = A¯¦tÕ© (ADE +EAD) A¯¦tÕ© wecixZ ˆKvY«¼Gqi
 POQ = 2PSQ [ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY e†îÕ© A^Ævr AEC = ADC + BAD mgwÓ¡i mgvb]
ˆKvGYi w«¼àY] (2) ‰Lb, AC PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z
(2) Avevi, SR PvGci Dci ˆK±`ÊÕ© ADC e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es AOC
ROS I e†îÕ© RPS ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY|

[‰KB KviGY]  AOC = 2ADC [e†Gîi ‰KB PvGci Dci
 ROS = 2RPS
(3) avc-1 I avc-2 nGZ cvB, `ívqgvb ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY
POQ + ROS = 2PSQ + 2RPS
e†îÕ© ˆKvGYi w«¼àY]
= 2(PSQ + RPS) (3) Avevi, BD PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z
[wòfzGRi ewntÕ© ˆKvY BAD e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es BOD
(4) ‰Lb, PSM ‰ ewntÕ© PMQ =
A¯¦tÕ© (PSM + MPS) wecixZ A¯¦tÕ© ˆKvY«¼Gqi ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY|
mgwÓ¡i mgvb]  BOD = 2BAD [‰KB KviGY]
A^Ævr PMQ = PSM + MPS (4) avc-2 I avc-3 ˆ^GK cvB,
AOC + BOD = 2ADC + 2BAD
ev, PMQ = PSQ + RPS
= 2(ADC + BAD)
(5) avc-3 I avc-4 ˆ^GK cvB, = 2AEC [avc-1 ^GK]
POQ + ROS = 2PMQ (cÉgvwYZ)  AOC + BOD = 2AEC (cÉgvwYZ)
cÉk²  236 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4 cÉk²  237 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî AB, CD `ywU RÅv| ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi mgGKvY msj™² `yB evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 3 ˆm.wg.
K. DchÆyÚ ZG^Åi wfwîGZ wPòwU Aâb Ki| 2 ‰es 4 ˆm.wg.|
L. AB, CD RÅv«¼q hw` ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZxÆ nq, K. DóxcGKi wòfzRwUi AwZfyGRi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
ZvnGj cÉgvY Ki, AB = CD| 4 L. wòfzRwUi cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU eMÆGÞò
M. AB, CD RÅv«¼q e†Gîi AfÅ¯¦Gi E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGj AC I AsKb Ki| (AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK) 4
BD Pvc«¼q ˆKG±`Ê ˆh `yBwU ˆKvY Drc®² KGi, ZvGì mgwÓ¡ M. DÚ eGMÆi cwie†î AsKb Ki|
AEC ‰i w«¼àY@cÉgvY Ki| 4 (AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK) 4
237 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 238 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi mgGKvY msj™² evü«¼q 3 ˆm.wg. I 4
 K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

ˆm.wg. e†îwUi eÅvm 10 ˆm.wg.
mgGKvYx wòfzGRi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å Abyhvqx cvB, 
10
e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 ˆm.wg. = 5 ˆm.wg.
(AwZfzR)2 = 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25
 e†îwUi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK
ev, AwZfzR = 25
= 3.14  52 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
 AwZfzR = 5 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
= 3.14  25 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
L wòfzRwUi cwimxgv = (3 + 4 + 5) ˆm.wg. = 12 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)

= 78.5 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
‰Lb ‰gb ‰KwU eMÆ AuvKGZ nGe hvi cwimxgv wòfzRwUi cwimxgvi
L

mgvb| P R
 eGMÆi cwimxgv = 12 ˆm.wg.
12 O
 eGMÆi ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ d = 4 ˆm.wg. = 3 ˆm.wg. M N
F
A D
d Q S
3 ˆm.wg.
weGkl wbeÆPb: O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQRS e†Gî PQ I RS `yBwU mgvb RÅv
ˆÌqv AvGQ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ I RS ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZÆx|
Aâb: ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK PQ I RS ‰i Dci h^vKÌGg OM I ON jÁ¼ AvuwK|
E O, P I O, R ˆhvM Kwi|
B
d C cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
(1) OM  PQ ‰es ON  RS [ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®² ˆh
gGb Kwi, eMÆGÞGòi ‰KwU evüi Š`NÆÅ, d = 3 ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ| myZivs, PM = QM ‰es RN = SN ˆKvGbv RÅv ‰i Dci
eMÆGÞòwU AuvKGZ nGe| 1
 PM = PQ ‰es RN = RS
1 AwâZ jÁ¼ RÅv ˆK
2 2
AâGbi weeiY: mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi]
(1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ BE nGZ BC = d = 3 ˆm.wg. ˆKGU ˆbB| (2) wK¯§, PQ = RS [KÍ¸bv]
(2) BC îLvsGki B we±`yGZ BF jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi ‰es BF nGZ 1 1
 2 PQ = 2 RS
BA = d = 3 ˆm.wg. ˆKGU ˆbB|
 PM = RN
(3) ‰Lb A I C we±`yGK ˆK±`Ê KGi d = 3 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ABC- (3) ‰Lb OPM I ORN mgGKvYx
‰i AfÅ¯¦Gi `yBwU e†îPvc AuvwK| e†îPvc«¼q ciÕ·iGK D we±`yGZ wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ,
ˆQ` KGi| AwZfzR OP = AwZfzR OR [DfGq ‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
(4) A, D I C, D ˆhvM Kwi| PM = RN [avc (2)]
ZvnGj ABCD-B DwóÓ¡ eMÆGÞò|  OPM  ORN [mgGKvYx wòfzGRi
M D C
 OM = ON AwZfzR evü meÆmg
O Dccv`Å]
a
3 ˆm.wg. (4) wK¯§ OM I ON ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK h^vKÌGg
A B PQ RÅv I RS RÅv ‰i `ƒiZ½|
myZivs PQ I RS RÅv«¼q ˆK±`Ê O
gGb Kwi, ABCD ‰KwU eMÆ hvi evüi Š`NÆÅ a = 3 ˆm.wg. ‰B eGMÆi ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZÆx| (cÉgvwYZ)
cwie†î AsKb KiGZ nGe| M

R
AâGbi weeiY : P
(1) A, C I B, D ˆhvM Kwi| ‰iv ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
O
(2) O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OA ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK| e†îwU N
eGMÆi kxlÆwe±`y A, B, C I D w`Gq hvq| M
‰B e†îB ABCD eGMÆi wbGYÆq cwie†î|
S
cÉk²  238 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 Q
O ˆK±`ÊwewklÓ¡ PQRS e†Gî PQ I RS `yBwU mgvb RÅv| weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, O
ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQRS e†Gî PQ > RS| O
K. e†îwUi eÅvm 10 ˆm.wg. nGj e†îwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2 ˆ^GK PQ I RS RÅv«¼Gqi Dci h^vKÌGg OM I ON jÁ¼| ZvnGj OM
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ I RS RÅv `yBwU ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZÆx| 4 I ON ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK h^vKÌGg PQ I RS RÅv«¼Gqi `ƒiZ½ wbG`Æk KGi|
M. hw` PQ > RS nq, ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ RÅv RS RÅv AGcÞv cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ RÅv RS RÅv AGcÞv ˆKG±`Êi wbKUZi|
ˆKG±`Êi wbKUZi| 4 A^Ævr OM < ON.
Aâb: O, P ; O, R; O, Q I O, S ˆhvM Kwi|  OCA = OAC
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv ‰Lb, OAB = OAC [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
 OBA = OCA
(1) OMQ I ONS mgGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gq
OQ2 = OM2 + QM2 (3) ‰LvGb, AOB-‰ OAB + OBA + AOB = 180
‰es OS2 = ON2 + SN2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å] ‰es AOC-‰ OAC + OCA + AOC = 180
 OAB + OBA + AOB = OAC + OCA + AOC
(2) ˆhGnZz, OQ = OS [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
 OQ2 = OS2 ev, OAC + OCA + AOB = OAC + OCA + AOC
 OM2 + QM2 = ON2 + SN2 [avc-1] [avc-2 ˆ^GK]
 AOB = AOC
ev, QM – SN = ON – OM ......... (i)
2 2 2 2
1 1 (4) ‰Lb, AOB I AOC-‰i gGaÅ

(3) ‰Lb QM = 2PQ ‰es SN = 2 RS [ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®² ˆh OA mvaviY evü
ˆKvb RÅv ‰i Dci AwâZ OB = OC [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ eGj]
jÁ¼ RÅvGK mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi] ‰es AOB = AOC [evü-ˆKvY-evü Dccv`Å]
 AOB  AOC
(12 PQ) ‰es SN = (12 RS)
2 2
 QM2 = 2
myZivs, AB = AC. (cÉgvwYZ)
1
ev, QM2 = 4 PQ2 ‰es SN2 = 4RS2
1 M ˆÌqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî
 A
ABRC PZzfzÆRwU A¯¦wjÆwLZ nGqGQ|

1
 QM2 – SN2 = (PQ2 – RS2) ...........(ii)
4 B, O; O, C ˆhvM Kwi| ABRC
O
(4) ˆhGnZz PQ > RS.myZivs PQ2 > RS2 e†Gîi ‰KB Pvc BC ‰i Dci
 PQ2 – RS2 > 0 `´£vqgvb e†îÕ© BAC ‰es B C
E
 QM2 – SN2 > 0 [(ii) ˆ^GK] ˆK±`ÊÕ© BOC|
 ON2 – OM2 > 0 [(i) ˆ^GK] 1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BAC = 2 BOC|
R
ev, ON > OM
2 2
Aâb: A we±`y w`Gq ˆK±`ÊMvgx AE îLv Aâb Kwi|

ev, ON > OM
 OM < ON (cÉgvwYZ)
avc-1. BOA ‰i ewntÕ© ˆKvY [wòfzGRi ewntÕ© ˆKvY
BOE = BAO + ABO A¯¦tÕ© wecixZ ˆKvY«¼Gqi
cÉk²  239 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
mgwÓ¡i mgvb]
A
avc-2: BOA ‰ OB = OA [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
 BAO = ABO [mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi f„wg msj™²
O ˆKvY `ywU mgvb]
avc-3: avc (1) I (2) ˆ^GK
B C
BOE = 2BAO
avc-4: ‰KBfvGe COE = 2CAO
K. DóxcGKi BC PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z e†îÕ© ˆKvY I ˆK±`ÊÕ© avc-5: avc (3) I (4) ˆ^GK
ˆKvGYi bvg wjL| 2 BOE + COE
L. OAB = OAC nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, AB = AC. 4 = 2BAO + 2CAO
1 ev, BOC = 2(BAO + CAO)
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BAC = 2 BOC. 4
ev, BOC = 2BAC
 BAC = BOC (cÉgvwYZ)
K DóxcGKi wPGò, BC PvGci Dci AewÕ©Z e†îÕ© BAC ‰es
 2
ˆK±`ÊÕ© BOC| cÉk² 240 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
A
L
 ‰KwU wòfzGRi evüàGjvi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 3.5 ˆm.wg., 4.5 ˆm.wg. ‰es 5.5
ˆm.wg.|
K. Z^ÅvbymvGi wòfzRwU AvuK| 2
O L. wòfzRwUi ewneÆ†î AvuK| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
B C M. wòfzRwUi e†nîg evüi mgvb evüwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU eGMÆi A¯¦e†Æî I
cwie†î AvuK| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ ABC e†Gî OAB = OAC| ˆ`LvGZ nGe ˆh, AB = AC. K C
4.5 ˆm.wg.
(1) AOB-‰ 3.5 ˆm.wg.
OA = OB [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ eGj]
 OBA = OAB [mgvb mgvb evüi wecixZ ˆKvY«¼q mgvb] A B
(2) Avevi, AOC-‰ 5.5 ˆm.wg.
OA = OC [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ eGj] ABC ‰i BC = 3.5 ˆm.wg., AC = 4.5 ˆm.wg. ‰es AB = 5.5 ˆm.wg.|
L
 241 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
F
K cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPòwU wbÁ²i…c:
 P
M
C S
E
N Q R
H
A D
B
gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| ‰i AB = 5.5 ˆm.wg., AC = 4.5 ˆm.wg.

‰es BC = 3.5 ˆm.wg.| ‰i ewnÆe†î AvuKGZ nGe| A^Ævr, ‰gb ‰KwU e†î T
AuvKGZ nGe, hv wòfzGRi ‰KwU evüGK ‰es Aci `yB evüi ewaÆZvskGK
Õ·kÆ KGi| L
 P
Aâb: (1) AB I AC evü«¼qGK h^vKÌGg D I F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kwi|
(2) DBC I FCB ‰i mgw«¼LíK BM ‰es CN AvuwK| gGb Kwi, E S
ZvGì ˆQ` we±`y|
(3) E ˆ^GK BC ‰i Ici EH jÁ¼ AvuwK ‰es gGb Kwi Zv BC ˆK H Q R
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(4) E ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi EH ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK| weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR ‰i Q ‰es R ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q S
ZvnGj, ‰B e†îwUB wbGYÆq ewneÆ†î| we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| A^Ævr, QS ‰es RS h^vKÌGg PQR ‰es PRQ
1
M
 a ‰i mgw«¼LíK| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, QSR = 90° + 2 P.
5.5 ˆm.wg.
D G C (1) PQR-‰
P + Q + R = 180° [ wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180° ]
1 1 1
ev, 2 P + 2 Q + 2 R = 90° [Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi cvB]
O
F
H 1 1 1
 Q + R = 90° – P
2 2 2
(2) QSR-‰
QSR + SQR + SRQ = 180°
A E B 1 1
ev, QSR + 2 Q + 2 R = 180° [ QS ‰es RS îLv
h^vKÌGg Q I R-‰i mgw«¼LíK]
1
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABCD ‰KwU eMÆ| ‰i evüi Š`NÆÅ = wòfzGRi ev, QSR + 90° – 2 P = 180° [avc-1 nGZ]
e†nîg evüi Š`NÆÅ AB = a = 5.5 ˆm.wg.| ‰B eGMÆi A¯¦e†Æî I cwie†î 1
AvuKGZ nGe| ev, QSR = 180° – 90° + 2 P
Aâb: 1
 QSR = 90° + P (cÉgvwYZ)
(1) A, C ‰es B, D ˆhvM Kwi| AC I BD KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ 2
ˆQ` KGi| M

P
(2) O nGZ AB ‰i Ici OE jÁ¼ Uvwb|
(3) O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OE ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK| S
Q
(4) e†îwU AB, BC, CD I DA evüàGjvGK h^vKÌGg E, F, G I H we±`yGZ R
Õ·kÆ KGi| E
(5) ZvnGj, EFGH-B wbGYÆq A¯¦e†Æî|
(6) Avevi, O-ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OA-‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK| F
e†îwU eGMÆi kxlÆwe±`y A, B, C I D w`Gq hvq| T
‰B e†îB, ABCD eGMÆi wbGYÆq cwie†î|
cÉk²  241 ewikvj êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
weGkl wbeÆPb: PQR-‰ Q I R-‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q h^vKÌGg QS I RS, S
PQR ‰ Q I R ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q S we±`yGZ ‰es ewnw«¼ÆLíK«¼q
we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| PQ evüGK E chÆ¯¦ ‰es PR evüGK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ
T we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
Kivq h^vKÌGg EQR ‰es FRQ ewntÕ© ˆKvY«¼q Drc®² nGqGQ|
K. DcGivÚ ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPò AvuK| 2
1 EQR ‰es FRQ ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q A^Ævr Q ‰es R ‰i
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QSR = 90 + 2 P. 4
ewntw«¼LíK«¼q h^vKÌGg QT ‰es RT, T we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| cÉgvY KiGZ
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, Q, S, R, T we±`y PviwU mge†î| 4 nGe ˆh, Q, S, R, T we±`y PviwU mge†î|
A
(1) PQR + EQR = 2 mgGKvY [ ŠiwLK hyMj ˆKvY] L gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx
 N
ev,
1 1
PQR + EQR = 1 mgGKvY [DfqcÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi] wòfzR| hvi AwZfzR AC = 6 ˆm.wg.
2 2 O
‰es ‰KwU evüi Š`NÆÅ 4 ˆm.wg.| ‰i M
ev, SQR + TQR = 1 mgGKvY E
cwie†î AuvKGZ nGe| A^Ævr ‰gb
1
[ QS, PQR-‰i mgw«¼LíK 2 PQR = SQR ‰es QT, ‰KwU e†î AuvKGZ nGe, hv wòfzGRi
B C
1 wZbwU kxlÆwe±`y A, B I C we±`y w`Gq
EQR ‰i mgw«¼LíK 2 EQR = TQR ] hvq| F
ev, SQT = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (i)

Z`Ë‚c, SRT = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (ii) Aâb: (1) AB I BC îLvsGki jÁ¼ mgw«¼LíK h^vKÌGg EM I FN
(2) (i) bs ‰es (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB, îLvsk AuvwK| gGb Kwi Zviv ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(2) B,O ˆhvM Kwi| O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OB ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq
SQT + SRT = 2 mgGKvY
‰KwU e†î AuvwK|
PZzfzÆR QSRT-‰ SQT + SRT = 2 mgGKvY
ZvnGj, e†îwU A, B I C we±`yMvgx nGe ‰es ‰B e†îwUB ABC ‰i
A^Ævr, PZzfÆR
z QSRT ‰i `ywU wecixZ ˆKvY SQT ‰es SRT
wbGYÆq cwie†î|
ciÕ·i mÁ·ƒiK|
M

myZivs, Q, S, R, T we±`y PviwU mge†î| (cÉgvwYZ) K C M

‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZf‚R I ‰KwU evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 6 O B
A
ˆm.wg. ‰es 4 ˆm.wg.|
K. wòfzRwU AvuK| 2
L. wòfzRwUi cwie†î AsKb Ki| [AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY
AvekÅK] 4
M. DÚ e†Gî ‰gb ‰KwU Õ·kÆK AsKb Ki, ˆhb Zv wbw`ÆÓ¡
mijGiLvi Dci jÁ¼ nq| [AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4 E L D N F
K weGkl wbeÆPb: O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ ABC ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ e†î| EF ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡
F mijGiLv| ABC e†Gî ‰i…c ‰KwU Õ·kÆK AvuKGZ nGe hv wbw`ÆÓ¡ mijGiLv
A EF ‰i Ici jÁ¼|
Aâb: (1) EF îLvi Ici ˆhGKvGbv we±`y D wbB| O, D ˆhvM Kwi|
a
a (2) OD îLvi O we±`yGZ EDO = DOB AvuwK| OB iwkÄ e†îwUGK B
6 ˆm.wg.
b
4 ˆm.wg.
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| BO ˆK ewaÆZ KiGj Zv e†îwUGK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
E
B b C (3) AB îLvi A I B we±`yGZ h^vKÌGg KL I MN `yBwU jÁ¼ AvuwK| KL I
MN jÁ¼«¼q EF ˆK h^vKÌGg L I N we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ZvnGj, KL I MN-B wbGYÆq Õ·kÆK|
AaÅvq-9: wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZ

cÉk² 143 XvKv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 ev, tan (x − y) = tan30
 x − y = 30 ................ (ii)
A
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,
2x = 90  x = 45
x+y
a Avevi, (i) bs ˆ^GK (ii) bs mgxKiY weGqvM KGi cvB,
x−y 2y = 30  y = 15
B b
C myZivs x = 45 ‰es y = 15 (Ans.)
K. AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÉk²  144 w`bvRci êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7

b a A = cos + sin ‰es B = cos − sin `yBwUwòGKvYwgwZK ivwk|
1− 2
a2 + b 2 a + b2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, + = 2 cosecA. 4 K.  = 45 nGj A ‰es B ‰i gvb wbYÆ q Ki| 2
a b
1− 2
a +b 2 2
a +b 2 L. A = 2 (A − sin) nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, B = 2 (A − cos) 4
M. A = 1 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki ˆhLvGb 0    90. 4
M. a = 1 ‰es b = 3 nGj x I y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = cos + sin ‰es B = cos  sin

K
 A
 = 45 nGj, A = cos45 + sin 45 ‰es B = cos45  sin 45
1 1 1 1
x+y = + = 
a 2 2 2 2
x−y 1+1 2  B=0
C = = = 2
B b 2 2
 A = 2 ‰es B = 0 (Ans.)
wPòvbymvGi, AB = a, BC = b ‰es ABC = 90
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = cos + sin ‰es B = cos  sin

cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
‰Lb A = 2 (A  sin) nGj
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ev, AC2 = a2 + b2  AC = a2 + b2 (Ans.)
cos + sin = 2 (cos + sin  sin)
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, AB = a, BC = b

ev, cos + sin = 2 cos
‰es AC = a2 + b2 [‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦]
b a BC AB
ev, sin = 2 cos  cos
1− 2 2 1−
a2 + b2 a +b AC AC ev, sin = ( 2  1) cos
evgcÞ = + = + [ ‘K’ ‰i wPò nGZ]
1− 2 2
a b
1−
AB BC ev, ( 2 + 1) sin = ( 2 + 1) ( 2  1) cos
a +b 2
a +b 2 AC AC
ev, ( 2 + 1) sin = {( 2 )2  1} cos
sinA 1 − cosA sin2A + (1 − cosA)2
=
1 − cosA
+
sinA
=
(1 − cos A) sinA
ev, ( 2 + 1) sin = (2  1) cos
sin A + 1 − 2cosA + cos2A
2 ev, 2 sin + sin = cos
=
(1 − cosA) sinA ev, 2 sin = cos  sin
1 + 1 − 2cosA ev, cos  sin = 2 sin
= [‹ sin2A + cos2A = 1]
(1 − cosA) sinA
2(1 − cosA) 1
ev, cos  sin = 2 (cos + sin cos)
= = 2. = 2 cosecA = WvbcÞ  B = 2 (A  cos) (cÉgvwYZ)
(1 − cosA) sinA sinA
b
1− 2
a M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
a2 + b 2 a + b2 A = cos + sin
 + = 2cosecA (cÉgvwYZ)
1− 2
a b A = 1 nGj cos + sin = 1
2 2 2
a +b a +b ev, cos = 1  sin
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, AB = a = 1
 ev, cos2 = (1  sin)2
BC = b = 3 ev, cos2 = 1  2sin + sin2
‰Lb, mgGKvYx ABC ‰ ev, 1  sin2 = 1  2 sin + sin2
BC
tan BAC =
AB ev, 1  2sin + sin2 – 1 + sin2 = 0
3 ev, 2 sin2  2sin = 0
ev, tan (x + y) = 1 ev, 2 sin (sin  1) = 0
ev, tan (x + y) = tan60 ev, sin (sin  1) = 0
 x + y = 60 ............. (i) nq, sin = 0 Aêv, sin  1 = 0
AB
Avevi, tan ACB = BC sin = sin0 ev, sin = 1
  = 0 ev, sin = sin90   = 90
1
ev, tan (x − y) =
3   = 0 ev 90 (Ans.)
cÉk²  145 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 146 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A
K ‰LvGb, AB = a, AC = a2 + b2
 A
2 2
 BC = AC – AB
a2 + b 2
= ( a2 + b2)2 – a2 a
1 = a2 + b 2 – a2 = b 2 = b 
AB B C

myZivs, tan = BC
B C
3 a
 tan = (Ans.)
b
K.  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
1 1

L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 1 + sin2 + 1 + cosec2 = 1. 4 a
tan =
b
cosB – sinB 3–1
M. hw` cosB + sinB = nq, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, B = . 4 ev,
sin
=
a
3+1 cos b
145 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb a sin a2 a
K wPò nGZ cvB,
 A
ev, = 2
b cos b
[b «¼viv àY KGi]
AC a sin + b cos a2 + b 2
tan = ev, = 2 2 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
BC a sin – b cos a –b
1 1
ev, tan = 2
a sin  b cos a – b 2
3  =
a sin + b cos a2 + b2
(Ans.)
ev, tan = tan30 B
 C M ˆÌqv AvGQ, tanA + sinA = m ‰es tanA  sinA = n

  = 30 3
L
 ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,  = 30 evgcÞ = m2  n2 = (tanA + sinA)2  (tanA  sinA)2
1 1 = 4tanAsinA [‹ (a + b)2  (a  b)2 = 4ab]
evgcÞ = 1 + sin2 + 1 + cosec2 = 4 tan2A sin2A = 4 tan2A (1  cos2A)
1 1 = 4 tan2A  tan2A. cos2A
= +
1 + (sin30)2 1 + (cosec 30)2
sinA
=
1
+
1
1 2 1 + (2)
2
= 4 tan2A  sin2A [
tanA =
cosA ]
1+ ()
2 = 4 (tanA + sinA) (tanA  sinA)
=
1
+
1
=
1
+
1 = 4 mn = WvbcÞ
1 1+4 4+1 5
1+
4 4
 m2  n2 = 4 mn (cÉgvwYZ)
4 1 4+1 5
= + = = = 1 = WvbcÞ cÉk²  147 wmGjU êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
5 5 5 5
1 1 ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGR B = 1 mgGKvY ‰es tanA = 1
 + = 1 (cÉgvwYZ) K. AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 2
1 + sin2 1 + cosec2
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK (sec2A + cot2C + sin2A) ‰i gvb wbYÆq
cosB  sinB 31 KGiv| 4
=
cosB + sinB 3+1 1 – sin2A 2tan2A
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, 1 + sin2A + 3sin2A = 1 4
cosB  sinB + cosB + sinB 3 1 + 3 + 1
ev, cosB  sinB  cosB  sinB = [ˆhvRb weGqvRb KGi] 147 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
31 31
2cosB 2 3 K ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = 1 mgGKvY ‰es tanA = 1 A

ev,  2sinB =  2
Avgiv Rvwb,
cosB jÁ¼ BC
ev, sinB = 3 tanA = =
f„wg AB
ev, cotB = 3
BC
ev, cotB = cot30 ev, 1 = AB
C
 B = 30 B
 AB = BC
myZivs B =  [‘K’ nGZ cvB] (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ABC nGZ,
cÉk²  146 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = AB2 + AB2 = 2AB2
A  AC = 2 AB (Ans.)
L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, tanA = 1
ev, tanA = tan45  A = 45
Avevi, A + B + C = 180
B C
ev, C = 180 − A − B = 180 − 45 − 90 = 45
AB = a, AC = a2 + b2 ‰es C =  nGj,  sec2A + cot2C + sin2A = sec245 + cot245 + sin245
K. wPò nGZ tan ‰i wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZ wbYÆq KGiv| 2 1 2
a sin – b cos
L. tan ‰i gvGbi Dci wfwî KGi a sin + b cos ‰i gvb wbYÆq
= ( 2)2 + (1)2 +
( )
2
1
=2+1+
Ki| 4 2
M. hw` tanA + sinA = m, tanA – sinA = n nq ZvnGj cÉgvY Ki =
4+2+1 7
= (Ans.)
2 2
ˆh, m2 – n2 = 4 mn. 4
1 − sin2A 2tan2A BC 1
M evgcÞ = 1 + sin2A + 3sin2A
 ev, AB =
3
1 − sin245 2tan245 1
= 2 + [‹ A = 45] ev, tanA =
1 + sin 45 3sin(2  45) 3
2 1
1 ev, tan (x  y) =
=
1−
( ) 2
+
2.(1)2
3
1 2
3.sin90 ev, tan (x  y) = tan 30
1+
( ) 2 \ x  y = 30..............(i)
AB
1 Avevi, tan C = BC
1−
2 2
= +
1 31 ev, tan (x + y) = 3 = tan 60
1+ \ x + y = 60..............(ii)
2
2−1 1 (i) I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
2 2 2 2 2x = 90 \ x = 45
= + = +
2+1 3 3 3 Avevi, (ii) bs nGZ (i) bs weGqvM KGi cvB,
2 2 2y = 30 \ y = 15
1 2 2 1 2
=  + = +
myZivs x = 45 ‰es y = 15 (Ans.)
2 3 3 3 3
1+2 3
= = = 1 = WvbcÞ
3 3 A
1 − sin2A 2tan2A
 + = 1 (cÉgvwYZ) x+y
1 + sin2A 3sin2A
a
cÉk²  148 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 B

x–y
C
1 a 3
ABC ‰ B = 90 ‰es tan =
3
wPGò ABC ‰KwU wòfzR
K. AC evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 2
K. AB ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 2
cosec2 – sec2 1
L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, cosec2 + sec2 = 2. 4 L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, x = 45 ‰es y = 15. 4
M. A = x – y =  ‰es C = x + y nGj x I y ‰i gvb wbYÆq M. B + 15‰i wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZàGjv êi KGiv| 4
KGiv| 4 149 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
148 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K wc^vGMvivGmi mƒòvbymvGi cvB,

C AB2 = AC2 + BC2 = a2 + (a 3)2 = a2 + 3a2 = 4a2
K DABC-‰ B = 90

\ AB = 2a
\ AC2 = AB2 + BC2
\AB ‰i Š`NÆÅ 2a ‰KK
\ AC = AB2 + BC2 ‰KK (Ans.)
a 3
L
 tan =
1 B A L wPò ˆ^GK, tan A = a

3
1 ev, tan (x + y) = 3 ev, tan (x + y) = tan 60
2
\ tan  = \ x + y = 60................(i)
3
a
sec2 = 1 + tan2 = 1 + =
1 4 Avevi, tan B =
3 3 a 3
1 1
2
tan  =
3
2
\ cot  = 3 ev, tan (x  y) = ev, tan (x  y) = tan 30
3
cosec  = 1 + cot2 = 1 + 3 = 4
2
\ x  y = 30................(ii)
4 12  4 ‰Lb (i) I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
4
cosec2  sec2 3 3
‰Lb, evgcÞ = cosec2 + sec2
= =
4 12 + 4
x + y + x  y = 60 + 30
4+ 90
3 3 ev, 2x = 90 ev, x = 2 \ x = 45
8 3 1
=  = = WvbcÞ x ‰i
gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
3 16 2
cosec2  sec2 1 45 + y = 60 ev, y = 60  45 \ y = 15
\ = (cÉgvwYZ)
cosec2 + sec2 2 \ x = 45 ‰es y = 15 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = x  y =  ‰es C = x + y
 M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, x  y = 30

ABC ‰ tanA =
BC wPò ˆ^GK B = x  y = 30
AB
‰Lb B + 15 = 30 + 15 = 45
BC
ev, tan = AB 45 ˆKvGYi wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZàGjv êi KiGZ nGe|
1 BC 1 AZci:
ev, =
3 AB [  tan =
3] MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjb 9.2 ‰i AbyGœQ` 9.6 ‰i 45 ˆKvGYi
wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZ `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-187
cÉk²  150 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7 sinA =
OB
= 2
x
= 2
3
=
3
=
3
OA x + y2 3 + 42 25 5
Y
AB y 4 4 4
A cosA = = 2 = 2 = =
OA x + y2 3 + 42 25 5
sinA 1 − cosA
cÉ`î ivwk = 1 − cosA + sinA
y
3 4
1
5 5
= +
 4 3
1
O X 5 5
x B
3 1
5 5
= +
1 3
K. cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
5 5
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK RÅvwgwZK c«¬wZGZ ˆ`LvI ˆh, sin2 + cos2
3 5 1 5
= 1| 4 =  + 
5 1 5 3
sinA 1 – cosA
(
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK 1 – cosA + sinA ) ‰i gvb wbYÆq 1 9+1
=3+ =
3 3
Ki, hLb x = 3, y = 4| 4 10
= (Ans.)
K wPò ˆ^GK cvB,

 Y cÉk²  151 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7
f„wg = OB = x
A
wbGPi wPòwU jÞÅ Kit
jÁ¼ = AB = y y
A
Avgiv Rvwb, 

f„wg OB O x B X 1
cot = =
jÁ¼ AB

x B C
 cot  = . (Ans.) 1
y
L ‘K’ ‰i wPòvbymvGi cvB,

f„wg = OB = x K. AwZf„R ‰i cwigvY KZ? 2
jÁ¼ = AB = y L. cos + cos ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
‰es AOB =  ‰KwU mƒßGKvY M. wPGòi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin2 + cos2 = 1. 4
wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB, 151 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
(AwZfƒR)2 = (f„wg)2 + (jÁ¼)2 K wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
 A
ev, OA2 = OB2 + AB2 AC = AB2 + BC2 
ev, OA2 = x2 + y2 = 12 + 12 1
 OA = x2 + y2 = 1+1 = 2
Avgiv Rvwb, AwZfzR 2 ‰KK (Ans.) 
B C
jÁ¼ AB y L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
 1
sin = = =
AwZfyR OA x2 + y2
AwZfzR AC = 2
f„wg OB x
cos = = = BC 1
AwZfyR OA x2 + y2 ‰Lb, cos = AC =
2
evgcÞ = sin2 + cos2
y x AB 1
2 2
‰es cos = AC =
=
( x2 + y2 ) ( +
x2 + y2 ) 2
y2 x2 1 1 1+1 2
= 2 + 2  cos + cos = + = = = 2 (Ans.)
x + y x + y2
2
2 2 2 2
x2 + y2
= 2
x + y2
=1 M ‘K’ ‰i wPò ˆ^GK cvB,

= WvbcÞ sin =
AB 1
= ‰es cos = AC =
AB 1
AC
 sin  + cos  = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv
2 2
nGjv) 2 2
(AB) + ( ) AB
2 2
 ‰Lb, sin2 + cos2 = AC AC
OB = x
1 2 1 2
AB = y
OA = x2 + y2
=
( ) ( ) 2
+
2
1 1 1+1 2
ˆÌqv AvGQ, x = 3 ‰es y = 4 = + =
2 2 2
= =1
2
‘K’ ‰i wPò ˆ^GK cvB,  sin2 + cos2 = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
‰es tanA − sinA = n
tanA + sinA = m K
 A

K. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, tan2A. sin2A = mn. 2
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, m2 − n2 = 4 mn. 4
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, secA = mn. cosec2A. 4 B
30
C
152 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3 ˆm.wg.
K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

tanA + sinA = m ˆÌqv AvGQ, BC = 3 ˆm.wg., B = ‰K mgGKvY I ACB = 30
tanA – sinA = n BC
‰Lb, tan2A. sin2A cos ACB =
AC
= tan2A.(1 – cos2A) [ sin2A + cos2A = 1] 3
= tan2A – tan2A.cos2A ev, cos30 = AC
sin2A
= tan2A – . cos2A 3 3
cos2A ev, 2 = AC
= tan2A – sin2A
= (tanA + sinA) (tanA – sinA) 1 1
ev, 2 = AC
= mn [gvb ewmGq]
 tan2A.sin2A = mn (cÉgvwYZ)  AC = 2 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
AB
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, tanA + sinA = m ‰es tanA  sinA = n
 Avevi, sinACB = AC
evgcÞ = m2  n2 = (tanA + sinA)2  (tanA  sinA)2 AB
= 4tanAsinA [‹ (a + b)2  (a  b)2 = 4ab]
ev, sin30 = 2
1 AB
= 4 tan2A sin2A = 4 tan2A (1  cos2A) ev, 2 = 2
= 4 tan2A  tan2A. cos2A  AB = 1 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
sinA
2
= 4 tan A  sin A 2
[ tanA =
cosA ] L ‘K’ ‰i wPò ˆ^GK cvB,

BC
sinA = .......... (i)
= 4 (tanA + sinA) (tanA  sinA) AC
= 4 mn = WvbcÞ  sinA =
3
[ BC = 3 I AC = 2]
2
2
 m  n = 4 mn 2
(cÉgvwYZ) BC
 Avevi, tanA =
AB
........... (ii)
m2 – n2 = 4 mn 3
tanA = [ BC = 3 I AB = 1]
ev, (tanA + sinA)2 – (tanA – sinA)2 = 4 mn [m, n ‰i gvb ewmGq] 1
ev, 4tanA sinA = 4 mn [ (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab]  tanA = 3
ev, tanA.sinA = mn [4 «¼viv fvM KGi] 1 1
‰Lb, 2 – sin2A + 2 + tan2A =
1
+
1
2 + ( 3)2
( ) 3 2
sinA
ev, cosA.sinA = mn 2–
2
sin2A 1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, cosA = mn = + = + = +
3 2+3 8–3 5 5 5
2–
1 mn 4 4 4
ev, cosA = sin2A
4 1 4+1 5
1 = + = = =1
5 5 5 5
ev, secA = mn. sin2A
1 1
 + = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
 secA = mn cosec2A (cÉgvwYZ) 2 – sin2A 2 + tan2A
BC AB
M wPòvbyhvqx, sin = AC ‰es cos = AC

(BC) + 3.AB
2
A ˆÌqv AvGQ, 2 AC AC
–3=0

 2(sin)2 + 3.cos – 3 = 0
ev, 2sin2 + 3cos – 3 = 0
30
B C ev, 2(1 – cos2) + 3cos – 3 = 0
3
ev, 2 – 2cos2 + 3cos – 3 = 0
BC = 3 ˆm.wg., B = ‰K mgGKvY, ACB = 30.
ev, –2cos2 + 3cos – 1 = 0
K. AB I AC evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
1 1 ev, 2cos2 – 3cos + 1 = 0
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 2  sin2A + 2 + tan2A = 1. 4
ev, 2cos2 – 2cos – cos + 1 = 0
M. DóxcK AbymvGi  ˆKvGYi mvGcGÞ hw`
BC 2 AB ev, 2cos (cos – 1) – 1(cos – 1) = 0
2.( ) AC
+ 3.
AC
3=0 nq, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh,  = 60| 4
ev, (cos – 1) (2cos – 1) = 0
 cos – 1 = 0 Aêv, 2cos – 1 = 0
ev, cos = 1 ev, 2cos = 1
1 ABC-‰ B = 90, A = x  y, C = x + y, AB = 3, BC = 1.
ev, cos = cos0 ev, cos = 2 K. AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
cosec2A  sec2A
  = 0 ev, cos = cos60   = 60 L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
cos2A  sin2A
  = 60 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) M. x I y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
cÉk²  154 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7 K A
‰es tan – sin = n.
tan + sin = m
K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆ`LvI ˆh, m + n = 2 sec.sin. 2 3 xy
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, m – n = 4 mn.

2 2
4 x+y
B C
m 2+ 3
M. =
n 2– 3
nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki, ˆhLvGb 0 <  < 90. 4 1
154 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ˆÌqv AvGQ, ABC ‰ B = 90, AB = 3, BC = 1

K ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB,
tan + sin = m......... (i) ‰es tan  sin = n ........ (ii) AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = ( 3)2 + 12 = 3 + 1 = 4
 AC = 2
(i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
ˆhGnZz Š`NÆÅ FbvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
tan + sin + tan  sin = m + n
 AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ 2 ‰KK (Ans.)
ev, 2tan = m + n
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, ABC -‰ AB = 3, BC = 1

ev, m + n = 2tan
‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, AC = 2
sin
ev, m + n = 2.cos  sinA =
BC
AC
1
ev, m + n = 2.cos.sin sinA =
1 1
ev, sinA = 2
2
 m + n = 2sec.sin (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  cosecA = 2
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, tan + sin = m ‰es tan  sin = n
 Avevi, cosA = AC
AB
evgcÞ = m2  n2 = (tan + sin)2  (tan  sin)2 3 1 2

= 4tansin [‹ (a + b)2  (a  b)2 = 4ab]  cosA =
2
ev, cosA =
3
= 4 tan2 sin2 = 4 tan2 (1  cos2) 2
 secA =
3
= 4 tan2  tan2. cos2 2 2
= 4 tan   sin  tan =

2

2 sin 
cos 
2
cosec A − sec A
cÉ`î ivwk = cos2A − sin2A =
2 ( )
22 –
3
( ) ()
3 1
2 2
–
= 4 (tan + sin) (tan  sin) 2 2
= 4 mn = WvbcÞ 4 12 – 4 8
4–
3 3 3 8 4 16
 m2  n2 = 4 mn (cÉgvwYZ) = = = =  = (Ans.)
3 1 3–1 2 3 2 3
–
4 4 4 4
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,

m 2+ 3 M ABC-‰ AB = 3, BC = 1

= BC
n 2 3 tanA =
AB
tan + sin 2+ 3
ev, tan  sin = [cÉ`î]  tan (x − y) =
1
[ A = x – y]
2 3 3
tan + sin + tan  sin 2 + 3 + 2  3
ev, tan + sin  tan + sin = [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] ev, tan (x − y) = tan 30
2+ 32+ 3  x − y = 30 ......... (i)
2 tan 4 AB
ev, 2 sin = Avevi, tanC = BC
2 3
tan 2 3
ev, sin = ev, tan (x + y) = 1 [ C = x + y]
3
sin 1 2 ev, tan (x + y) = tan 60
ev, cos . sin =  x + y = 60 ......... (ii)
3
1 2 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
ev, cos = 2x = 90  x = 45
3
3 x ‰i gvb (ii) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
ev, cos = 2 45 + y = 60  y = 15
ev, cos = cos 30  x = 45 I y = 15 (Ans.)
  = 30 (Ans.)
cÉk²  156 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7 ev, 1 + P = AB2 + 2P
ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGR C mgGKvY, tan B = 3. ev, AB2 = 1 + P  2P
K. AB ‰i gvb KZ? 2 ev, AB2 = 1  P
cotA + tan B  AB = 1  P (Ans.)
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cot B + tan A = cotA.tanB. 4
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,

M. B = p + q ‰es A = p  q nGj, p I q ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AC = 1 + P , BC = 2P
‰es AB = 1  P ‰es  = ACB
K
 A AC 1+P
‰Lb, sec = BC =
2P
AB 1P
tan = =
BC 2P
2 2
1 + P  1  P
C B  sec2 + tan2 = 
 2P  +  2P 
ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGR C = ‰K mgGKvY 1+P 1P 1+P+1P 2
= + = =
wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å Abyhvqx, 2P 2P 2P 2P
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 1
= (Ans.)
 AB = AC2 + BC2 (Ans.) P
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, tanB = 3

 M ‘K’ nGZ cvB, ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AC = 1 + P , BC = 2P

ev, tanB = tan60  B = 60 AB = 1  P ‰es  = ACB
ˆhGnZy C = 90  A = 30 AC 1+P
 cosec = =
AB 1P
cotA + tanB cot30 + tan60 3+ 3 2 3
evgcÞ = cotB + tanA = cot60 + tan30 = 1 1
=
2
=3 1 + P
2
+ 1+ 1+P
1+
3 3 3 1 + cosec2  1  P 1P
evgcÞ =
1  cosec2
= 2 =
WvbcÞ = cotA . tanB = cot30.tan60 1
1 + P 1
1+P
 1P
= 3 . 3 = 3 = evgcÞ 1  P
cotA + tanB 1P+1+P
 = cotA.tanB (cÉgvwYZ)
cotB + tanA 1P 2 (1  P) 1
= =  =
1  P  1  P (1  P) 2P P
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = p + q ............. (i)

1P
A = p  q ............. (ii)
= WvbcÞ
(i) bs ‰es (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
1 + cosec2 1
B + A = p + q + p – q  =
1  cosec2 P
(cÉgvwYZ)
ev, 60 + 30 = 2p
ev, 2p = 90
ev, p = 45
(i) bs ˆ^GK (ii) bs weGqvM KGi cvB, cosA + sinA 3+1
= , B = 60.
cosA  sinA 31
B  A = p + q  p + q
ev, 60  30 = 2q K. cosec B + cot B ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
2 2
2
ev, 30 = 2q L. A ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
 p = 45 ‰es q = 15 (Ans.) M. 4sin2  (2 + 2 3) sin + 3 = 0 mgxKiYwU mgvavb KGi
cÉk²  157 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7 ˆ`LvI ˆh,  = 2A Aêv  = A| 4
ˆKvGbv mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR 1 + p ‰es  ˆKvGYi mw®²wnZ evü 158 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2p| K
 B = 60
K. Z^ÅàGjv RÅvwgwZK wPGò DcÕ©vcb KGi Aci evüi Š`NÆÅ ‰Lb cosec2B + cot2B
wbYÆq Ki| 2 = (cosec60)2 + (cot60)2
L. sec2 + tan2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 2 2 1 2
1 + cosec2
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 1  cosec2 =  p
1
=
4
+
( ) ( )
3 3
4 1 5
= + = (Ans.)
157 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3 3 3
K awi, ABC mgGKvYx
 A L ˆÌqv AvGQ,

wòfzGRi AwZfzR cosA + sinA 3+1
=
AC = 1 + P , cosA  sinA 31
 ˆKvGYi mw®²wnZ cosA + sinA  cosA + sinA 3+1 3+1
evü BC = 2P . 1+P ev, cosA + sinA + cosA  sinA
=
3+1+ 31
‰Lb, wc^vGMvivGmi [weGqvRbˆhvRb KGi]
Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB, 2sinA 2 sinA 1
2 2
AC = AB + BC 2  ev, 2cosA = ev, cosA = ev, tanA = tan30
2 2
2 3 3
B C
ev, ( 1 + P) = AB2 + ( 2P) 2P  A = 30 (Ans.)
M 4sin2  (2 + 2 3 )sin + 3 = 0

(125) .(1213)
2 2
WvbcÞ = tan2.sin2 =
ev, 4sin2  2sin  2 3 sin + 3 = 0
ev, 2sin(2sin  1)  3 (2sin  1) = 0 =
144 144
.
25 169
ev, (2sin  1) (2sin  3 ) = 0
nq, 2sin  1 = 0 Aêv, 2sin  3 = 0 20736
=
4225
ev, 2sin = 1 ev, 2sin = 3
1 3  tan2  sin2 = tan2.sin2 (cÉgvwYZ)
ev, sin = 2 ev, sin = 2
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 9.1 ‰i AbyGœQ` 9.5(i) `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-179

ev, sin = sin30 ev, sin = sin60
ev,  = 30 cÉk²  160 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7
  = A [‘L’ nGZ] ev,  = 2  30 p = 1 + sinA ‰es q = 1  sinA nGj 
  = 2A [‘L’ nGZ]
K. pq ‰i gvb KZ? 2
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
p
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, q
= secA + tanA. 4
q
L M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (secA  tanA)2 = p. 4
12 ‰KK 13 ‰KK K ˆÌqv AvGQ, p = 1 + sinA ‰es q = 1  sinA

  pq = (1 + sinA) (1  sinA) = 1  sin2A = cos2A (Ans.)
M N
p 1 + sinA
K. cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| L evgcÞ = q = 1  sinA
2 
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, tan2  sin2 = tan2. sin2 4 (1 + sinA) (1 + sinA)
M. RÅvwgwZK c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin2 + cos2 = 1 4 =
(1 + sinA) (1  sinA)
[je I niGK (1 + sinA) «¼viv àY KGi]
(1 + sinA)2 (1 + sinA)2
K ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 L =
1  sin2A
=
cos2A
LM = 12 ‰KK
1 + sinA
LN = 13 ‰KK =
cosA
 MN = LN2  LM2 ‰KK 1 sinA
12 ‰KK 13 ‰KK = +
= 132  122 ‰KK cosA cosA
= 169  144 ‰KK = secA + tanA
= 25 ‰KK = WvbcÞ

= 5 ‰KK p
MN 5 M
N  = secA + tanA (cÉgvwYZ)
q
 cot = = (Ans.)
LM 12
M evgcÞ = (secA  tanA)2

L DóxcGKi wPòvbymvGi cvB,
 2
1 sinA
LM = 12 ‰KK, LN = 13 ‰KK =(  )
cosA cosA
‘K’ nGZ cvB, MN = 5 ‰KK 1  sinA 2
=(
LM 12 cosA )
 tan = =
MN 5
(1  sinA)2
LM 12 =
sin = = cos2A
LN 13
(1  sinA)2
=
 evgcÞ = tan   sin 2 2
1  sin2A
(1  sinA) (1  sinA)
(125)  (1213)
2 2
= =
(1 + sinA) (1  sinA)
144 144 1  sinA q
=  = =
25 169 1 + sinA p
=
24336  3600 = WvbcÞ
4225
q
20736  (secA  tanA)2 =
p
(cÉgvwYZ)
=
4225
AaÅvq-10: `ƒiZ½ I DœPZv

cÉk²  86 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 gGb Kwi, R we±`yGZ wegvbwUi AeÕ©vb ‰es P I Q we±`y«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx
‰KwU MvQ SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGã ˆMj ˆh, fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki `ƒiZ½ 1200 wgUvi| R ˆ^GK P I Q we±`y«¼Gqi AebwZ ˆKvY h^vKÌGg 60
mvG^ 30 ˆKvY KGi MvGQi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 20 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi| ‰es 30|
K. DóxcGKi Z^ÅvbymvGi wPòwU AuvK I eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 myZivs, ARP = 60 ‰es BRQ = 30
L. MvQwU KZ wgUvi DœPZvq ˆfGãwQj Zv êi Ki| 4 RS || PQ nGj RSP = RSQ = 1 mgGKvY
M. mÁ·ƒYÆ MvQwUi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 AB || PQ ‰es PR ZvGì ˆQ`K|
86 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb A  RPS = ‰Kv¯¦i ARP = 60 (Ans.)
K gGb Kwi, MvQwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ AB = h
 Avevi, QRS = 90  QRB
wgUvi, MvQwU BC = x wgUvi DœPZvq = 90  30
C = 60 (Ans.)
ˆfGã wMGq wewœQ®² bv nGq fvãv Ask
`ívqgvb AsGki mvG^ BCD = 30
30
L gGb Kwi, PS = x wgUvi, DœPZv RS = h wgUvi|
hx
Drc®² KGi ˆMvov ˆ^GK BD = 20 wgUvi x  ‰LvGb, PQ = 1200 wgUvi
`ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi|  QS = PQ  PS = (1200  x) wgUvi
D B
L ‰LvGb, BCD = 30 ‰es BD = 20 wgUvi 20 wg. ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, RPS = 60 ‰es RQS = 30
‰Lb, BCD ˆ^GK cvB, ‰Lb, mgGKvYx RPS - ‰
BD RS
tanBCD = tan RPS =
BC PS
h
ev, tan 30 = x
20 ev, tan60 =
x
h
ev,
1 20
= ev, 3 =
x
3 x
ev, x = 20 3 ev, h = 3 x .................(i)
ev, x = 34.64 (cÉvq) Avevi, mgGKvYx RQS ‰
RS
 MvQwU 34.64 wgUvi DœPZvq ˆfGãwQj| (Ans.) tan RQS =
QS
M ‰LvGb, CD = AC = AB – BC = (h – 34.64) wgUvi
 ev, tan 30 = 1200  x
h
‰Lb, BCD ‰i gGaÅ
1 h
BD ev, =
sinBCD =
CD 3 1200  x
20 ev, 3 h = 1200  x
ev, sin 30 =
h – 34.64 ev, 3  3 x = 1200  x [mgxKiY (i) ˆ^GK]
1 20
ev, = ev, 3x = 1200  x
2 h – 34.64
ev, 3x + x = 1200
ev, h – 34.64 = 40
ev, 4x = 1200
ev, h = 40 + 34.64 1200
 h = 74.64 ev, x = 4
 MvQwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ 74.64 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)  x = 300 wgUvi
(i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
h = 3  300 = 519.62 wgUvi (cÉvq)
PIQ `yBwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ Õ©vGbi gaÅeZxÆ `ƒiZ½ 1200 wgUvi| R we±`yGZ AewÕ©Z
 wegvbwU f„wg nGZ 519.62 wgUvi (cÉvq) DcGi iGqGQ| (Ans.)
‰KwU wegvb nGZ P I Q we±`y«¼Gqi AebwZ ˆKvY h^vKÌGg 60 ‰es 30.
K. RS  PQ nGj RPS I QRS ‰i gaÅKvi mÁ·KÆ wjL| 2 M ‰Lb, RPS- ‰ RPS = 60 ‰es

L. wegvbwU f„wg nGZ KZ DcGi iGqGQ Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4 RS = h = 300 3 [‘L’ nGZ]
M. PR ‰es QR ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 mgGKvYx RPS-‰
87 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb RS
sinRPS =
PR
K
 R 300 3
A ev, sin 60 = PR
30 B
60
3 300 3
ev, 2 = PR
h 300 3  2
ev, PR =
60 3
30
P Q  PR = 600 wgUvi (Ans.)
x S (1200 x)
‰es RQS-‰ RQS = 30 M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, LyuwUwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ AB = 38.78 wgUvi (cÉvq)

mgGKvYx RQS-‰ ‰Lb, awi, LyuwUwUi x wgUvi DœPZvq E we±`yGZ fvOv Ask `´£vqgvb
RS AsGki mvG^ BEF = 60 KGi ˆMvov ˆ^GK BF wgUvi `ƒGi f„wgGK
sin RQS =
QR Õ·kÆ KGiGQ| A
ev, sin30 = QR
300 3 ‰Lb, BEF-‰
BF
sin BEF =
1 300 3 EF
ev, 2
=
QR BE E
ev, sin 60 = 38.78 − x 38.78 − x
ev, QR = 300 3  2 60
x
3 BF
 QR = 600 3 ev, =
2 38.78 − x
B
= 1039.23 wgUvi (cÉvq) 3 (38.78 − x) F
PR = 600 wgUvi ‰es QR = 1039.23 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) ev, BF = 2
........ (i)
Avevi, BEF-‰
cÉk²  88 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 tan BEF =
BF
BE
‰KwU LyuwU SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGã ˆMj ˆh, fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki BF
mvG^ 30 ˆKvY KGi LuywUwUi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 6 3 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ ev, tan 60 = x
Kij| BF
ev, 3 = x
K. mswÞµ¦ eYÆbvmn wPòwU AuvK| 2
ev, 3x = BF
L. LyuwUwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4 3 (38.78 − x)
M. LyuwUwUi fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki mvG^ 60 ˆKvY Drc®² ev, 3x = 2
[(i) bs ˆ^GK]
KiGj LyuwUwUi kxlÆ ˆMvov ˆ^GK KZ `ƒGi f„wgGK Õ·kÆ KiGe ev, 2x = 38.78 − x ev, 2x + x = 38.78
wbYÆq KGiv| 4 38.78
ev, 3x = 38.78 ev, x = 3
88 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb A  x = 12.9267
K gGb Kwi, LyuwUwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ
 mgxKiY (i) ˆ^GK cvB,
Š`NÆÅ AB = h wgUvi, BC = 3 (38.78 − 12.9267) 3  25.8533
BF = = = 22.3896
x wgUvi DœPZvq ˆfGã 2 2
C  LyuwUwUi kxlÆ ˆMvov ˆ^GK 22.39 wgUvi (cÉvq) `ƒGi f„wgGK Õ·kÆ
wMGq wewœQ®² bv nGq fvãv
KiGe| (Ans.)
Ask `´£vqgvb AsGki mvG^
30 h wgUvi
BCD = 30 ˆKvY Drc®² cÉk²  89 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7
KGi LyuwUwUi ˆMvov ˆ^GK (hx) wgUvi
x wgUvi ‰KwU MvQ SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGã ˆMj ˆhb fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki
BD = 6 3 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU mvG^ 60 ˆKvY Drc®² KGi MvGQi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 15 3 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ
Õ·kÆ KGiGQ| KGiGQ|
L ‰LvGb, CD = AC = AB  BC
 K. DcGivÚ eYÆbvwU wPGòi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| 2
D 6 3 wgUvi B L. mÁ·ƒ Y Æ MvGQi Š`NÆ Å wbYÆ q Ki| 4
= (h  x) wgUvi|
M. fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki mvG^ 30 ˆKvY Drc®² KiGj,
BCD ˆ^GK cvB,
BD
fvãv AsGki Š`NÆÅ KZ? 4
tan BCD =
BC 89 bs cÉ G k² i mgvavb
6 3 K

ev, tan 30 = x A
1 6 3 1
ev, =
x
[ tan 30 = ]
3 3
 x = 18 h wg.
C
BD
Avevi, sin BCD =
CD (h  x) wg. 60
6 3 x wg.
ev, sin 30 = h  x
D
1 6 3 1 B
ev, 2 = h  x [ sin 30 = 2] 15 3 wgUvi
ev, h  x = 12 3 L gGb Kwi, mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = h wgUvi| BC = x wgUvi DœPZvq


ev, h = 12 3 + x ˆfGã wMGq wewœQ®² bv nGq fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki mvG^
ev, h = 12 3 + 18 [x ‰i gvb ewmGq|] BCD = 60 Drc®² KGi MvQwUi ˆMvov ˆ^GK BD = 15 3 wgUvi
 h = 38.78 (cÉvq) `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi|
 LyuwUwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ 38.78 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) ‰LvGb, CD = AC = AB – BC = (h – x) wgUvi
BCD ˆ^GK cvB, tanBCD = BC

BD awi, AB Š`NÆÅ wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU `vjvGbi cv`G`k ˆ^GK 60 wgUvi `ƒGi
f„ZjÕ© C we±`yGZ QvGì D®²wZ ˆKvY ACB = 60| H we±`y A^Ævr,
15 3 C we±`y nGZ x wgUvi ˆcQGbi w`GK ˆMGj D we±`yGZ QvGì D®²wZ
ev, tan60 = x
ˆKvY ADB = 45 nq|
15 3
ev, 3 = x BC = 60 wgUvi ‰es CD = x wgUvi|
ev, 3x = 15 3 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, BC = 60 wgUvi


15 3 ‰es ACB = 60
ev, x =  x = 15 wgUvi AB
3 ABC ‰, tanACB = BC
BD
Avevi, sinBCD = CD ev, tan60 = 60
AB
15 3
ev, sin60 = h – x ev, 3 = 60
AB
3 15 3
ev, 2 = h – x ev, AB = 60 3 = 103.92 wgUvi (cÉvq)
 `vjvGbi DœPZv 103.92 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
ev, h – x = 30
ev, h = 30 + x M ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, BC = 60 wgUvi

CD = x wgUvi
ev, h = 30 + 15 [x ‰i gvb ewmGq]
ADB = 45 ‰es ACB = 60
 h = 45 wgUvi
‰es ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, AB = 60 3
 mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ 45 wgUvi| (Ans.) ‰Lb, ABD-‰,
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = 45 wgUvi
 tan ADB =
AB
BD
wPGò, BCD = 30, fvãv Ask AC = CD. AB
ev, tan 45 = BC + CD [‘K’ ‰i wPò ˆ^GK]
`´£vqgvb Ask BC = x wgUvi nGj,
A 60 3
fvãv AsGki Š`NÆÅ AC = CD = (45 – x) wgUvi ev, 1 = 60 + x
BC
BCD-‰ cosBCD = ev, 60 + x = 60 3
CD
ev, x = 60 3  60
x
ev, cos30 = 45 – x  x = 43.92 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
2q Ask:
3 x
ev, 2 = 45 – x C ‰Lb ABD-‰
AB
ev, 2x = 45 3 – 3x sin ADB =
AD
30
ev, 2x + 3x = 45 3 ev, sin 45 =
60 3
AD
ev, (2 + 3)x = 45 3 1 60 3
45 3 ev, =
ev, x = 2 AD
2+ 3 D B  AD = 60 3  2 = 146.97 wgUvi (cÉvq)
wgUvi (cÉvq)
 x = 20.8846  ˆcQGbi we±`y nGZ `vjvGbi kxlÆwe±`yi `ƒiZ½ 146.97 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 fvãv AsGki Š`NÆÅ = (45 – 20.8846) wgUvi
= 24.1154 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) cÉk²  91 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7
‰KwU UvIqvGii cv`we±`y ˆ^GK wKQy `ƒGi f„ZjÕ© ‰KwU we±`yGZ UvIqvGii
cÉk²  90 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7 kxGlÆi D®²wZ ˆKvY 30| H we±`y ˆ^GK UvIqvGii w`GK 20 wgUvi ‰wMGq
‰KwU `vjvGbi cv`G`k ˆ^GK 60 wgUvi `ƒGii f„ZjÕ© ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ AvmGj UvIqvGii D®²wZ ˆKvY 60 nq|
QvGì D®²wZ ˆKvY 60| H we±`y nGZ x wgUvi ˆcQGbi w`GK ˆMGj QvGì K. Z^Å Abyhvqx wPòwU Aâb Ki| 2
D®²wZ ˆKvY 45 nq| L. UvIqvGii DœPZv wbYÆ q Ki| 4
M. UvIqvGii kxlÆwe±`y I f„ZjÕ© cÉ^g we±`ywUi `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 4
K. DcGii ZG^Åi ˆcÉwÞGZ mswÞµ¦ weeiYmn wPòwU AuvK| 2
L. `vjvGbi DœPZv wbYÆq Ki| 4 91 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
M. x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki ‰es ˆcQGbi we±`y nGZ `vjvGbi kxlÆwe±`yi K wPGò, AB ‰KwU UvIqvi hvi kxlÆwe±`y A, cv`we±`y B f„ZjÕ© ‰KwU

`ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 4 we±`y C ˆZ UvIqviwUi kxGlÆi D®²wZ ˆKvY 30 ‰es UvIqvGii w`GK
90 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 20 wgUvi ‰wMGq AvmGj D we±`yGZ D®²wZ ˆKvY nq 60.
A
K
 A
h wg.
60 45 60

B D 30
B
60 wg. C x wg. C 20 wg. D
L ‰LvGb, ACB = 30, ADB = 60, CD = 20 wgUvi
 92 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb A
 BC = BD + CD = BD + 20 wg. K awi, AB LuywUi DœPZv|

awi, UvIqviwUi DœPZv AB = h wgUvi C we±`yGZ LuywUwU ˆfGã wMGq
B ˆ^GK 24 wg. `ƒiGZ½ D we±`yGZ C
‰Lb, ABD mgGKvYx wòfzR nGZ cvB,
gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi|
AB
tanADB =
BD myZivs BD = 24 wgUvi| 60
h fvãv Ask CD, BD ‰i mvG^
ev, tan60 =
BD C we±`yGZ 60 ˆKvY ŠZix KGi|
ev, 3=
h A^Ævr BCD = 60
BD
L ‘K’ ‰i wPò nGZ,

 h = BD. 3 ............... (i) D B
CBD mgGKvYx wòfzGR,
h
BD 24 wg.
BD = ........................... (ii)
3 tanBCD =
BC
Avevi, ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR nGZ cvB, 24
ev, tan60 = BC
AB
tanACB = 24 24 24 3
BC
ev, BC = tan60 = = 3 = 8 3
h 3
ev, tan30 = BD + 20
= 13.86 wgUvi (cÉvq)
ev,
1
=
h myZivs gvwU ˆ^GK 13.86 wgUvi DœPZvq ˆfGãwQj| (Ans.)
3 BD + 20
M ‘K’ ‰i wPò nGZ, CBD mgGKvYx wòfzGR

ev, BD + 20 = h 3 [Avo àY KGi] BD
sinBCD =
h h CD
ev,
3
+ 20 = h 3
[ ‹ BD =
3 ] BD
ev, sin60 = CD
h + 20 3
ev, =h 3 3
ev, 2 = CD
BD
3
ev, h + 20 3 = 3h [cybivq AvoàY KGi] ev, CD =
2BD
3
ev, 2h = 20 3
2  24
20 3 ev, CD =
ev, h = 2 3
48 3
ev, h = 10 3 ev, CD = 3 = 16 3
 h = 17.32 wgUvi (cÉvq) = 27.71 wgUvi (cÉvq)
 UvIqviwUi DœPZv 17.32 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)  mÁ·ƒYÆ LuywUi DœPZv = (BC + CA)
= (BC + CD)
M ‰LvGb, UvIqviwUi kxlÆwe±`y A I f„ZjÕ© cÉ^g we±`y C ‰i gaÅKvi
 = (13.86 + 27.71) wgUvi
`ƒiZ½ AC. = 41.57 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
‘L’ nGZ cvB, UvIqvGii DœPZv AB = h = 17.32 wgUvi (cÉvq)
‰Lb, ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR nGZ cvB, cÉk²  93 ewikvj êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7
AB ‰KwU mycvwi MvQ SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGO ˆMj ˆhb fvOv Ask `ívqgvb
sinACB =
AC AsGki mvG^ 60 ˆKvY KGi MvGQi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 24 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ
ev, sin30 = AC
h KGi| 8 wgUvi jÁ¼v ‰KwU gB f„wgi mvG^ 60 ˆKvY KGi MvGQi `ívqgvb
AsGki mvG^ ˆVm ˆÌqv nGjv|
1 17.32 K. Z^ÅàGjv wPGòi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
ev, 2 = AC [‹ h = 17.32]
L. mycvwi MvQwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
ev, AC = 17.32  2 M. gB mycvwi MvGQi `ívqgvb AsGki ˆh we±`yGZ ˆVm ˆÌqv
 AC = 34.64 AvGQ Zvi DcGii `ívqgvb AsGki Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
 `ƒiZ½, AC = 34.64 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) 93 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A
K gGb Kwi,

cÉk²  92 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7 wPGò, AB ‰KwU mycvwi MvQ hv SGo
‰KwU Še`yÅwZK LuywU SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGã ˆMj ˆh, fvãv Ask `ívqgvb D we±`yGZ ˆfGã wMGq `´£vqgvb D
AsGki mvG^ 60 ˆKvY KGi LywUi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 24 wg. `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ AsGki mvG^ 60 ˆKvY KGi MvGQi F
KGi| ˆMvov B nGZ 24 wg. `ƒGi C we±`yGZ 60 8 wg.
gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi| 8 wgUvi jÁ¼v ‰KwU
K. DóxcGKi Z^ÅvbymvGi wPòwU AuvK I eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
gB f„wgi E we±`yGZ 60 ˆKvY KGi
L. LuywUwU KZ DœPZvq ˆfGãwQj Zv êi Ki| 4 MvGQi `´£vqgvb AsGki mvG^ F
C
M. mÁ·ƒYÆ LuywUi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 we±`yGZ ˆVm ˆÌqv nGjv| 24 wg. B E
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB, wPòvbymvGi,
  mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = (BD + CD) wgUvi
BC = 24 wgUvi I BDC = 60 ‰es AD = CD = (8 3 + 16 3 ) wgUvi
mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = (AD + BD) wgUvi = 24 3 wgUvi
= (CD + BD) [ AD = CD]
= 41.569 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
‰Lb, BCD nGZ cvB,
BC M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

tanBDC =
BD mycvwi MvQwUi `´£vqgvb AsGki Š`NÆÅ BD = 8 3 wgUvi
24
ev, tan60 = BD Avevi, BEF = 60 ‰es EF = 8 wgUvi
24 8 wgUvi jÁ¼v gBwU `´£vqgvb AsGki F we±`yGZ ˆVm w`Gq jvMvGbv AvGQ|
ev, 3=
BD
 ˆVm ˆÌqv we±`yi DcGii `´£vqgvb AsGki Š`NÆÅ A
24
ev, BD = FD = (BD  BF) wgUvi
3
8 3. 3 ‰Lb, BEF nGZ cvB, D
ev, BD = BF
3 sinBEF = F
EF
 BD = 8 3
BF 60
BC ev, sin60 = 8 wg.
Avevi, sinBDC = CD 8
24 3 BF
ev, sin60 = CD ev, 2
=
8 60
C E
ev,
3 24 8 3 24 wg. B
=
2 CD ev, BF = 2
48 wgUvi
ev, CD =  BF = 4 3
3
 FD = (BD  BF) wgUvi = (8 3  4 3 ) wgUvi
16 3 . 3
ev, CD = = 4 3 wgUvi
3
 CD = 16 3 = 6.928 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
AaÅvq-11: exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ

cÉk²  64 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2 cÉk²  65 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2
2p
a, b, c, d KÌwgK mgvbycvZx ‰es p − x + 1 = 0
2
10x ‰es a + b `yBwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
–1 –1 –1
K. log3 2324 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 K. hw` ivwk«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb nq ZvnGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 2
x + 5a x + 5b
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab + bc + cd)2 4 L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, +
x – 5a x – 5b
= 2. 4
1+x+ 1−x M. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, 2q ivwkwU 2x ‰i mgvb nGe,
–1
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, p = 4 x+a x+b
1+x− 1−x hLb x – a + x – b = 2. 4
K log
 324 = log (3 2)4
K kZÆgGZ,

3 2 3 2
= 4 log 3 2 10x1 = a1 + b–1

3 2 1 1 1 10 b + a 1 a+b
= 4.1 [ logaa = 1] ev, 10. = +
x a b
ev, x = ab ev, x = 10ab
= 4 (Ans.) 10ab
\ x= (Ans.)
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, a, b, c, d KÌwgK mgvbycvZx
 a+b
10ab
a b c L
 ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, x = a + b
  
b c d x 2b
ev, 5a = a + b
a b c
awi,   =k x + 5a 2b + a + b
b c d ev, x  5a = 2b  a  b [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb]
 c = dk
x + 5a a + 3b
b = ck = dk.k = dk2 ev, x  5a = b  a ............ (i)
a = bk = dk2.k = dk3
10ab
evgcÞ = (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) Avevi, x = a + b
= {(dk3)2 + (dk2)2 + (dk)2} {(dk2)2 + (dk)2 + d2} x 2a
ev, 5b = a + b
= {d2 k6 + d2 k4 + d2 k2}{d2 k4 + d2k2 + d2}
x + 5b 2a + a + b
= d2k2(k4 + k2 + 1) × d2 (k4 + k2 + 1) ev, x  5b = 2a  a  b [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb]
= d4k2(k4 + k2 + 1)2 x + 5b 3a + b
ev, x  5b = a  b ................. (ii)
WvbcÞ = (ab + bc + cd)2
(i)bs I (ii)bs ˆhvM Kwi,
= (dk3 × dk2 + dk2 × dk + dk × d)2
x + 5a x + 5b a + 3b 3a + b
2 5 2 3
= (d k + d k + d k) 2 2 + = +
x  5a x  5b b  a ab
= {d2k(k4 + k2 + 1)}2 a + 3b 3a + b
= 
= d4k2(k4 + k2 + 1)2 ba ba
a + 3b  3a  b
 (a + b + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab + bc + cd)2 (cÉgvwYZ)
2 2
=
ba
2p
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, p2 – x + 1 = 0
 2b  2a 2(b  a)
= = =2
ba ba
2p
ev, p2 + 1 = x x + 5a x + 5b
 + = 2 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
x  5a x  5b
p2 + 1 1
ev, 2p = x M kZÆgGZ,

p2 + 1 + 2p 1+ x a1 + b1 = 2x1
ev, p2 + 1 – 2p = 1 – x [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] 1 1 1
ev, + = 2.
a b x
2
(p + 1) 1 + x
ev, (p – 1)2 = 1 – x b+a 2
ev, ab
=
x
p+1 1+x
ev, p–1
= [eMÆgƒj KGi] ev,
a+b 2
=
1–x ab x
p + 1 + p –1 1+x+ 1–x 2ab
ev, p + 1 – p + 1 = [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] \ x=
a+b
................ (i)
1+x– 1–x
2p 1+x+ 1–x (i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
ev, 2 = x 2b
1+x– 1–x =
a a+b
1+x+ 1–x x + a 2b + a + b
p= (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, = [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
1+x– 1–x x  a 2b  a  b
x + a a + 3b
\ = ................ (ii) ac  c 2 (b 2 ) 2 a 2  ac 2
xa ba =   [b = ac ewmGq]
a b c
Avevi (i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
x 2a b4
= = c3 + + a3
b a+b b
x + b 2a + a + b = c 3 + b 3 + a3
ev, =
x  b 2a  a  b
[ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] = a 3 + b 3 + c3
x + b 3a + b
\ = ................(iii)  1 1 1 
xb ab  a2b2c2     = a3 + b3 + c3 (cËgvwYZ)
3 b 3 c3 
(ii) bs I (iii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB, a 
x + a x + b a + 3b 3a + b a + 3b
+ = + = +
3a + b M ˆÌqv AvGQ,

x  a xb ba ab ba (b  a) a b
a + 3b 3a + b a + 3b  3a  b a t b = b t c A^Ævr, 
=  = b c
ba ba ba
a b
2b  2a 2(b  a) gGb Kwi,  k
= = =2 b c
ba ba
x+a x+b  b = ck
\ + = 2 (cÉgvwYZ) a = bk = ck.k = ck2
xa xb
cÉ^g ivwk = a – 2b + c
cÉk²  66 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3 = ck2 – 2ck + c
= c(k2 – 2k + 1)
atb=btc nGj, = c{(k)2 – 2 × k × 1 + (1)2}
a a2 + b 2 = c(k – 1)2
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, c = b2 + c2 . 2
(a  b ) 2 (ck 2  ck ) 2
1 1 1
w«¼Zxq ivwk = =
ck 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a2b2c2 ( + +
a3 b 3 c3 )=a +b +c.
3 3 3
4 a
2
(a  b) (b  c) 2 ck (k  1)2
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, a  2b + c = = . 4 =
a c ck 2
66 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb c 2k 2 (k  1) 2
=
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, a t b = b t c
 ck 2
a b = c(k – 1)2
ev, 
b c
( b  c) 2
Z‡Zxq ivwk =
a2 b2 c
ev,  [DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi]
b2 c2 (ck  c) 2
2 2 2 2 =
a b b c c
ev,  [ ˆhvRb KGi ]
b2 c2 {c(k  1)}2
=
a 2  b2 b2 c
ev,  [‰Kv¯¦iKiY KGi]
2
b c 2
c2 c 2 (k  1) 2
=
c
a 2  b2 ac a b
ev,  [  ;  ac  b 2 ] = c(k – 1)2
b2  c2 c2 b c
(a  b ) 2 ( b  c) 2
a 2  b2  a – 2b + c = = (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
ev, 
a
a c
b2  c2 c
a a 2  b2
  (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) p, q, r KÌwgK mgvbycvZx 
c b2  c2
(p + q) = pr.
2
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, a t b = b t c
 K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, q + r 2
a b 1 1 1
ev, b = c L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, p q r (p + q + r ) = p + q + r .
2 2 2
3 3 3
3 3 3
4
2 2 2 2
 b = ac p +q (p + q)
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, q2 + r2 = (q + r)2 mÁ·KÆwU DóxcGKi kZÆGK mg^Æb
 1 1 1 
‰Lb, 2 2 2
a b c    
3 b 3 c3  KGi| 4
a 
a 2 b 2c 2 a 2 b 2c 2 a 2 b 2c 2
=   K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

a3 b3 c3
p, q, r KÌwgK mgvbycvZx|
b 2c 2 a 2 c 2 a 2 b 2
=   p:q=q:r
a b c p q
ev, q = r
b 2c 2 ac 2 a 2b 2
=  
a b c  q2 = pr .........(i)
2 2
(pq ++ qr ) = pq ++2pq +q M ˆÌqv AvGQ,


2
2 2
2qr +r
p2 + q2 (p + q)2
p2 + 2pq + pr =
q2 + r2 (q + r)2
=
pr + 2qr + r2
2
[q = pr ewmGq]
(q + r)2 (p + q)2
ev, q2 + r2 = p2 + q2 [‰Kv¯¦iKiY KGi]
p(p + 2q + r)
=
r(p + 2q + r) q2 + 2qr + r2 p2 + 2pq + q2
ev, q 2 + r2
=
p2 + q2
p
= q2 + 2qr + r2 – q2 – r2 p2 + 2pq + q2 – p2 – q2
r
ev, q 2 + r2
=
p2 + q2
[weGqvRb KGi]
p+q 2 p
( )q+r
=
r
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 2qr 2pq
ev, q2 + r2 = p2 + q2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 pqr pqr pqr
L p q r (p + q + r ) = p + q + r
 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
r p
ev, q2 + r2 = p2 + q2 [DfqcÞGK 2q «¼viv fvM KGi]
=
q2r2 p2r2 p2q2
+ +
ev, p(q2 + r2) = r(p2 + q2)
p q r
ev, pq2 + pr2 = rp2 + rq2
q2r2 (pr)2 p2q2
=
p
+
q
+
r ev, pq2 – rq2 = rp2 – pr2
pr.r2 (q2)2 p2.pr ev, q2(p – r) = pr(p – r)
= + + [ q2 = pr]
p q r ev, q2 = pr [(p  r) «¼viv fvM KGi]
q4 ev, pr = q2
= r3 + + p3
q
p q
= r3 + q3 + p3 ev, q = r
= p3 + q3 + r3 ev, p : q = q : r
1 1 1
pqr2 2 2
( + +
p3 q3 r3 ) = p + q + r (cÉgvwYZ)
3 3 3  p, q, r KÌwgK mgvbycvZx|
 cÉ`î mÁ·KÆwU DóxcGKi kZÆGK mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
AaÅvq-12: `yB PjKwewkÓ¡ mij mnmgxKiY

cÉk²  14 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 mgxKiYwUGZ x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i Abyi…c gvb êi Kwi I
‰KwU mij mgxKiY ˆRvU@ wbGPi QK ŠZwi Kwi:
x 2 –2 6
7x + 2y = 20
y 3 0 6
3x − 4y = − 6
 mgxKiYwUi ˆjGLi Dci wZbwU we±`y h^vKÌGg (2, 3), (–2, 0) I (6, 6).
K. mgxKiY ˆRvGUi mgvavb msLÅv wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. AvoàYb c«¬wZGZ ˆRvUwUi mgvavb KGi (x, y) wbYÆq Ki| 4 ‰Lb, QK KvMGRi XOX eivei x-AÞ ‰es YOY eivei y-AÞ ‰es O
M. ˆjLwPGòi mvnvGhÅ mgxKiY ˆRvUwUi mgvavb Ki| 4 gƒjwe±`y wbB| QK KvMGRi Dfq AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZevüi
14 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Š`NÆÅGK ‰KK aGi, QK KvMGR mgxKiY (i) bs ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ wZbwU
K cÉ`î mgxKiY ˆRvU: 7x + 2y = 20
 we±`y (2, 3), (0, 10), (4, –4) Õ©vcb Kwi I we±`yàwj ciÕ·i mshyÚ
3x – 4y = – 6 Kwi ‰es Dfqw`GK ewaÆZ Kwi| ZvnGj ˆjLwU nGe mijGiLv|
7 ‰KBfvGe, mgxKiY (ii) bs ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ we±`y wZbwU (2, 3), (–2, 0) I (6, 6)
x ‰i mnM«¼Gqi AbycvZ
3 Õ©vcb Kwi I we±`yàwj ciÕ·i mshyÚ Kwi ‰es Dfq w`GK ewaÆZ Kwi|
2 1
y ‰i mnM«¼Gqi AbycvZ
–4
=–
2
ZvnGj ˆjLwU nGe ‰KwU mijGiLv|
7 1 Y
Avgiv cvB, 3  – 2
 mgxKiYGRvUwU mgém I ciÕ·i AwbfÆikxj ‰es ‰KwU gvò (AbbÅ) (0, 10)
mgvavb AvGQ| (6, 6)

L 7x + 2y – 20 = 0 .................. (i)

3x – 4y + 6 = 0 .................. (ii) P(2, 3)
(2, 0)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆK AvoàYb KGi cvB,
x y 1 X O X
= =
2  6 – (–4) . (–20) 3 . (–20) – 7 . 6 7 . (–4) – 3 . 2 (4, 4)
x y 1
ev, 12 – 80 = –60 – 42 = –28 – 6
x y 1 Y
ev, –68 = –102 = –34
x y 1
ev, 68 = 102 = 34
gGb Kwi, mijGiLv«¼q ciÕ·i P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| ˆjLwPGò ˆ`Lv
x 1 y 1
 = ‰es = hvq P we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (2, 3)|
68 34 102 34
68 102  wbGYÆq mgvavb (x, y) = (2, 3)
ev, x = 34 ev, y = 34
 x=2 y=3 cÉk²  15 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
 wbGYÆq mgvavb (x, y) = (2, 3) 3x − 4y = 0
M cÉ`î mgxKiY«¼q : 7x + 2y = 20 .............. (i)
 2x − 3y = −1
3x – 4y = – 6 ............. (ii) K. mgxKiY ˆRvUwU mãwZcƒYÆ I ciÕ·i wbfÆikxj wKbv hvPvB Ki| 2
mgxKiY (i) bs ˆ^GK cvB, L. mgxKiY ˆRvUGK cÉwZÕ©vcb c«¬wZGZ mgvavb Ki| 4
2y = 20 – 7x M. ˆjLwPGòi mvnvGhÅ mgxKiY ˆRvUGK mgvavb KGi ˆ`LvI ˆh,
20 – 7x (x, y) ‰i cÉvµ¦ gvb (L)bs ‰ cÉvµ¦ gvGbi mgvb| 4
y=
2 15 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
mgxKiYwUGZ x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i Abyi…c gvb êi Kwi I K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

wbGPi QKwU ŠZwi Kwi: mgxKiY ˆRvU : 3x – 4y = 0
x 2 0 4 2x – 3y = – 1
y 3 10 –4 3
x ‰i mnM«¼Gqi AbycvZ
2
 mgxKiYwUi ˆjGLi Dci wZbwU we±`y h^vKÌGg (2, 3), (0, 10), (4, –4) 4
y " " "
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) bs nGZ cvB, 3
3 4
4y = 3x + 6 Avgiv cvB, 2  3
3x + 6
y=
4  mgxKiY ˆRvUwU mãwZcƒYÆ I ciÕ·i AwbfÆikxj|
L ‰LvGb,
 ‰KBfvGe mgxKiY (ii) bs nGZ cÉvµ¦ (–5, –3), (7, 5) I (10, 7)
3x – 4y = 0 ............ (i) we±`yàGjv Õ©vcb KGi ciÕ·i ˆhvM Kwi ‰es Dfqw`GK ewaÆZ Kwi|
2x – 3y = –1 .......... (ii) ZvnGj ˆjLwU nGe ‰KwU mijGiLv hv cƒGeÆi mijGiLvGK P we±`yGZ
(i) bs mgxKiY nGZ cvB,
ˆQ` KGi| ˆjL ˆ^GK cvB, P we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (4, 3)|
3x – 4y = 0
ev, 3x = 4y  mgvavb t (x, y) = (4, 3)
4y AZ‰e, ‘L’ bs ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ mgvavb (x, y) = (4, 3) ‰es ˆjL ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦
ev, x = 3 ..............(iii)
mgvavb mgvb| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
4y
(iii) bs nGZ x = , (ii) bs mgxKiGY ewmGq cvB,
3
4y cÉk²  16 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
2. – 3y = – 1
3
8y – 9y
BdwZi ‰KwU AvqZvKvi dzGji evMvb AvGQ| evMvbwUi cÉGÕ©i w«¼àY,
ev, 3 = –1 Š`NÆÅ AGcÞv 10 wgUvi êwk ‰es ‰i cwimxgv 100 wgUvi| evMvbwUi
–y wfZGi 2 wgUvi PIov ivÕ¦v AvGQ| ivÕ¦vwU BU w`Gq euvavGZ Zvi cÉwZ
ev, 3 = – 1 ev, – y = – 3  y = 3
eMÆwgUvGi 120 UvKv LiP nq|
bs ‰ y = 3 ewmGq
(iii) cvB, K. evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ©GK `yBwU PjK aGi mgxKiY ˆRvU MVb
x=
43
 x=4 Ki| 2
3
L. mgxKiY ˆRvUGK Avo àYb c«¬wZGZ mgvavb KGi evMvGbi
 wbGYÆq mgvavb : (x, y) = (4, 3) Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4
M cÉ`î mgxKiY ˆRvU
 M. ivÕ¦vwU euvavGZ BdwZi ˆgvU KZ UvKv LiP nq? 4
3x – 4y = 0 .............. (i) 16 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2x – 3y = –1 ............ (ii) K awi, evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi
y wg.
(i) bs mgxKiY nGZ cvB, 3x – 4y = 0 evMvGbi cÉÕ© y wgUvi
3x 1g kZÆvbymvGi, 2y = x + 10 ................. (i) x wg.
ev, 4y = 3x  y = 4
2q kZÆvbymvGi, 2(x + y) = 100 .......... (ii) (Ans.)
‰Lb, mgxKiYwUGZ x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i Abyi…c gvb êi L ‘K’ ‰i
Kwi I wbGPi QKwU ŠZwi Kwi: (i) bs nGZ, x  2y + 10 = 0 ........... (iii)
x –4 4 8
(ii) bs nGZ, x + y  50 = 0 ............. (iv)
y –3 3 6
(iii) I (iv) bs ‰ AvoàYb c«¬wZ cÉGqvM KGi cvB,
Avevi, (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB, 2x – 3y = –1 x y 1
= =
2x + 1 (2)(50)  (10)(1) (10)(1)  (1) (–50) (1)(1)  (2)(1)
ev, 3y = 2x + 1  y = 3 x y 1
ev, 100  10 = 10 + 50 = 1+2
mgxKiYwUGZ x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i Abyi…c gvb êi Kwi I
x y 1
wbGPi QKwU ŠZwi Kwit ev, 90 = 60 = 3
x –5 7 10 x 1 y 1
y –3 5 7
ev, 90 = 3 Aêv, 60 = 3
 x = 30  y = 20
Y  evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 30 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 20 wgUvi (Ans.)
(8, 6)
M
 2 wgUvi
(10,7)
wgUvi
(7, 5)
wgUvi
P(4, 3)
20
X O(0, 0) X
(5,3
) (4,3
)
30 wgUvi
Y ivÕ¦vevG` ÷ay evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ = (30  2  2) wgUvi = 26 wgUvi
ivÕ¦vevG` ÷ay evMvGbi cÉÕ© = (20  2  2) wgUvi = 16 wgUvi
‰Lb, QK KvMGRi XOX eivei X-AÞ ‰es YOY eivei Y-AÞ ivÕ¦vevG` ÷ay evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (26  16) eMÆwgUvi = 416 eMÆwgUvi
‰es O gƒjwe±`y wbB| QK KvMGRi Dfq AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi ivÕ¦vmn evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (30  20) eMÆwgUvi = 600 eMÆwgUvi
cÉwZ 2 evüi Š`NÆÆÅGK ‰KK awi|  ÷ay ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = (600  416) eMÆwgUvi = 184 eMÆwgUvi
QK KvMGR mgxKiY (i) bs nGZ cÉvµ¦ (–4, –3), (4, 3) I (8, 6) cÉwZ eMÆwgUvi ivÕ¦v BU w`Gq euvaGZ 120 UvKv LiP nGj ˆgvU LiP
we±`yàGjv Õ©vcb Kwi I cici we±`yàGjv ˆhvM KGi Dfqw`GK ewaÆZ = (184  120) UvKv
Kwi| ZvnGj ˆjLwU nGe ‰KwU mijGiLv| = 22,080 UvKv (Ans.)
AaÅvq-13: mmxg aviv

cÉk²  92 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 3 M gGb Kwi, mgv¯¦i avivi 1g c` = a, mvaviY A¯¦i = d, c` msLÅv = n

1 1 n
‰KwU àGYvîi avivi 3q c` ‰es 8g c` 27 ‰es Aci ‰KwU mgv¯¦i Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi n cGì mgwÓ¡ = 2 {2a + (n – 1)d}
3
avivi 1g 10 cGì mgwÓ¡ 155 ‰es 1g 20 cGì mgwÓ¡ 610| ˆÌqv AvGQ, 1g 10 cGì mgwÓ¡ = 155
K. 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + .............. avivwUi ˆKvb c` 383? 2 10
ev, 2 {2a + (10 – 1)d} = 155
L. àGYvîi avivwU wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. mgv¯¦i avivwUi 30 Zg c` wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, 5(2a + 9d) = 155
 2a + 9d = 31 ... ... (i)
‰es 1g 20 cGì mgwÓ¡ = 610
K cÉ`î aviv 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + ... ... ...

20
‰LvGb, ev, 2 {2a + (20 – 1)d} = 610
cÉ^g c`, a = 5 ev, 10 (2a + 19d) = 610
mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 8 – 5 = 3  2a + 19d = 61 ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
awi, avivwUi n Zg c` = 383 (ii) bs ˆ^GK (i) bs weGqvM KGi cvB,
ev, a + (n – 1)d = 383 30
ev, 5 + (n – 1)3 = 383 10d = 30 ev, d = 10  d = 3
ev, (n – 1)3 = 383 – 5 (i)bs ‰ d = 3 ewmGq cvB,
378
ev, n – 1 = 3 2a + 9.3 = 31
ev, 2a + 27 = 31
ev, n = 126 + 1
ev, 2a = 4  a = 2
ev, n = 127
Avgiv Rvwb,
 127 Zg c` 383 (Ans.)
L awi, àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g c` = a ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ = r
 mgv¯¦i avivi n Zg c` = a + (n – 1)d
Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi nZg c` = arn – 1  30 Zg c` = a + (30 – 1)d = 2 + 29.3 = 89 (Ans.)
ˆÌqv AvGQ,
1 cÉk²  93 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 3
3q c` =
3 7 + x + y + 189 ‰KwUàGYvîi aviv|
1
 ar3 – 1 = K. avivwUi PZz^Æ c`GK mgxKiGYi gvaÅGg cÉKvk KGiv ˆhLvGb
3
1
cÉ^g c` a ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ r| 2
ev, ar2 = ... ... (i) L. x ‰es y ‰i gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 4
3
‰es 8g c` = 27
1 M. cÉ`î avivi cÉ^g c`GK 1g c` ‰es mvaviY AbycvZGK mvaviY
A¯¦i aGi mgv¯¦i avivwU wbYÆq KGi ‰i cÉ^g 16 wU cGì mgwÓ¡
1
ev, ar8 – 1 = 27 wbYÆq KGiv| 4
1 93 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ev, ar7 = 27 ... ... (ii)
K ‰LvGb, àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g c` = a ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ = r

(ii)  (i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
Avgiv Rvwb,
1 1
r5 =  àGYvîi avivi n Zgc` = arn – 1
27 3
1  ” ” 4^Æ c` = ar4 – 1 = ar3
ev, r5 =  3
( 3)6 myZivs, ar = 189 (Ans.)
3
1 5 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,


ev, r5 = ( ) 3  ar3 = 189
1
r= ev, 7.r3 = 189 [ avivwUi 1g c`, a = 7]
3
189
(i) bs nGZ cvB, ev, r3 = 7
2
1 1 1
ev, r3 = 27
a.
( ) 3
=
3
ev, a =
3
3  a= 3
ev, r3 = 33
 àGYvîi avivwU a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ... ...  r=3
1 1 2 1 3
= 3 + 3.
3
+ 3.
3 ( )
+ 3.
( ) 3
+ ... ...  w«¼Zxq c` = x = ar = 7.3 = 21
‰es Z‡Zxq c` = y = ar2 = 7.32 = 63
1 1
= 3+1+ + + ... ... (Ans.)
3 3 myZivs, x = 21 ‰es y = 63 (Ans.)
M cÉk²vbymvGi,
 95 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
mgv¯¦i avivi cÉ^g c`, a = 7 ‰es mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 3 K cÉ`î aviv: 25 + 23 + 21 + ....

 mgv¯¦i avivwU, a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + .......... avivwUi 1g c` a = 25
= 7 + (7 + 3) + (7 + 2.3) + ............ mvaviY A¯¦i d = 23 – 25 = 21 – 23 = –2
= 7 + 10 + 13 + .............
n  avivwU ‰KwU mgv¯¦i aviv|
Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi n cGì mgwÓ¡ = 2{2a + (n – 1)d} Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi n Zg c` = a + (n – 1)d
16
 cÉ^g 16 cGì mgwÓ¡ = {2.7 + (16 – 1).3}  avivwUi mµ¦g c` = a + (7 – 1)d
2
= 25 + 6  (–2)
= 8 (14 + 15.3)
= 25 – 12
= 8 (14 + 45)
= 13 (Ans.)
= 4  59 = 472 (Ans.)
L cÉ`î
aviv: 25 + 23 + 21 + ....
cÉk²  94 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 3 ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
‰KwU avivi n Zg c` 2n – 1, n  N. 1g c` a = 25
K. avivwU MVb KGiv| 2 mvaviY A¯¦i d = –2
L. avivwUi KZZg c` 169? 4 Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi 1g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡
n
M. avivwUi cÉ^g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK h^vKÌGg cÉ^g c` I Sn = {2a + (n – 1)d}
2
mvaviY AbycvZ aGi ‰KwU àGYvîi aviv MVb KGi bZzb n
= {2  25 + (n – 1) (–2)}
avivwUi cÉ^g 10wU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq KGiv| 4 2
94 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb n
= (50 – 2n + 2)
2
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU avivi n Zg c` 2n  1 ‰es n  ô

n
A^Ævr n Õ¼vfvweK msLÅv| myZivs, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ......... = (52 – 2n)
2
‰Lb, n
=  2(26 – n)
n = 1 nGj avivwUi 1g c` = 2.1  1 = 2  1 = 1 2
n = 2 nGj avivwUi 2q c` = 2.2  1 = 4  1 = 3 = 26n – n2
n = 3 nGj avivwUi 3q c` = 2.3  1 = 6  1 = 5 kZÆgGZ, 26n – n2 = – 456
.................................................................... ev, 26n – n2 + 456 = 0
\ avivwU nGjv: 1 + 3 + 5 + ............ (Ans.) ev, n2 – 26n – 456 = 0 [DfqcÞGK (–1) «¼viv àY KGi]
L cÉvµ¦ avivwU, 1 + 3 + 5 + ...............
 ev, n2 – 38n + 12n – 456 = 0
hvi cÉ^g c` a = 1 ev, n(n – 38) + 12(n – 38) = 0
‰es mvaviY A¯¦i d = 5  3 = 3  1 = 2 ev, (n – 38) (n + 12) = 0
awi, avivwUi nZg c` 169  nq n – 38 = 0 Aêv, n + 12 = 0
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvGbv avivi nZg c` = a + (n  1)d  n = 38 ev, n = – 12
= 1 + (n  1)2 wK¯§ cGì msLÅv FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
= 1 + 2n  2 = 2n  1
 n ‰i gvb 38 (Ans.)
cÉk²gGZ,
2n  1 = 169 M ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,

ev, 2n = 169 + 1 cÉ`î avivi cÉ^g c`, a = 25
ev, 2n = 170 ‰es mvaviY A¯¦i = àGYvîi avivi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = – 2 < 1
ev, n =
170
\ n = 85 Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi 1g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡
2 a(1 – rn)
\ avivwUi 85 Zg
c` 169 (Ans.) Sn =
1–r
, hLb r < 1
M kZÆgGZ, bZzb avivi 1g c`, a = 1 ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2
  avivwUi 1g 7 wU cGì mgwÓ¡
àGYvîi avivwU, a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ............... 25{1 – (–2)7} 25(1 + 128) 25  129
= 1 + 1.2 + 1.22 + 1.23 + .............. S7 =
1 – (–2)
=
1+2
=
3
= 1075 (Ans.)
= 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ...................
a(rn  1)
bZyb avivwUi cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡ = r  1 [hLb r > 1] cÉk²  96 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
1(210  1) 1
 10 wU cGì mgwÓ¡ = = 210  1 − 1 + 2 − ........ ‰KwU àGYvîi aviv|
21 2
= 1024  1 = 1023 (Ans.)
K. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ ‰es 4^Æ c` KZ? 2
cÉk²  95 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3 L. avivwUi ˆKvb c` 8 2? 4
M. avivwUi 10 Zg c` ‰es cÉ^g `kwU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
25 + 23 + 21 + ...... avivwUi 1g n-msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡ −456|
K. avivwUi mµ¦g c` KZ? 2 1
L. n ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| K cÉ`î avivwUi 1g c`, a =
4  ‰es 2q c` =  1
2
M. cÉ`î avivi cÉ^g c` I mvaviY A¯¦iGK h^vKÌGg ‰KwU 1
 mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 =  1  2 =  2 (Ans.)
àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g c` I mvaviY AbycvZ aGi avivwUi cÉ^g
7wU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 2
‰es avivwUi 4^Æ c` = ar4  1 L
 ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
1
= ( 2)4  1 = 1 ( 2)3 a + 10d = 55............... (iii)
2 2 ‰es a + 5d = 30 ............... (iv)
1 () () () .
=  2 2 =  2 (Ans.)
2 5d = 25 [weGqvM KGi]
1 25
L avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a =
 ev, d = 5  d = 5
2
‰es ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, mvaviY AbycvZ, r =  2 d ‰i gvb (iii) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
a + 10  5 = 55
gGb Kwi, n-Zg c` = 8 2
ev, a + 50 = 55
Avgiv Rvwb, n-Zg c` = arn  1
ev, a = 55 – 50
cÉk²gGZ,
a=5
arn  1 = 8 2
1  avivwUi 1g c`, a = 5
ev, ( 2)n  1 = 8 2 " 2q c`, a + d = 5 + 5 = 10
2
ev, ( 2) = 16
n1 " 3q c`, a + 2d = 5 + 2.5 = 15
ev, ( 2)n  1 = ( 2)8 " 4^Æ c`, a + 3d = 5 + 3.5 = 20
... ... ... ... ...
ev, n  1 = 8 ... ... ... ... ...
n=9
 wbGYÆq avivwU = 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + ...........
 avivwUi 9-Zg c` 8 2 (Ans.)
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

1
M avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a =
 avivwUi 1g c`, a = 5
2
‰es mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 5
‰es ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, mvaviY AbycvZ, r =  2
1
Avgiv Rvwb, 1g c` a ‰es mvaviY A¯¦i d wewkÓ¡ mgv¯¦i avivi n
 avivwUi 10-Zg c` = ar10  1 = ar9 =  ( 2)9 n
2 msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡ = 2 {2a + (n – 1)d}
1 n
=  2( 2)8 =  16 (Ans.) cÉk²gGZ, 2 {2.5 + (n – 1)5} = 6375
2
a(1  rn) ev, n(10 + 5n – 5) = 6375  2
‰es Avgiv Rvwb, avivwUi cÉ^g n cGì mgwÓ¡ = 1  r , [‹ r < 1]
ev, n(5n + 5) = 12750
1
{1  ( 2)10} ev, 5n2 + 5n – 12750 = 0
2 ev, n2 + n – 2550 = 0 [DfqcÞGK 5 «¼viv fvM KGi]
 avivwUi cÉ^g `kwU cGì mgwÓ¡ =
1  ( 2) ev, n + 51n – 50n – 2550 = 0
2
1 ev, n(n + 51) – 50(n + 51) = 0

(1  32)
2
= ev, (n + 51) (n – 50) = 0
1+ 2
nq n + 51 = 0 Aêv, n – 50 = 0
 31 ev, n = –51 ev, n = 50
=
2(1 + 2)
wK¯§ n = –51 MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY c`msLÅv FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
31. 2( 2  1)  n = 50 (Ans.)
=
2. 2.( 2 + 1)( 2  1)
 31 2( 2  1)
= (Ans.) 1+y+ 1–y
2 33 + 29 + 25 + ..... – 19 ‰KwU aviv ‰es m = .
1+y– 1–y
cÉk²  97 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 K. avivwUi 12Zg c` KZ? 2
2m
‰KwU mgv¯¦i avivi lÓ¤ c` 30 ‰es ‰Kv`kZg c` 55| L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, m – y + 1 = 0
2
4
K. cÉ^g c`GK a ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK ‘d’ aGi `yBwU mgxKiY M. avivwUi 1g c`GK 1g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK mvaviY
MVb Ki| 2 AbycvZ aGi ‰KwU àGYvîi aviv MVb Ki ‰es avivwUi 1g
L. DóxcK AbymvGi avivwU MVb Ki| 4 cuvP cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. hw` avivwUi n-msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡ 6375 nq, 98 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ZGe n-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 
K cÉ`î aviv, 33 + 29 + 25 + .....  19
97 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Bnv ‰KwU mgv¯¦i aviv| Bnvi,
K Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvb mgv¯¦i avivi 1g c` a ‰es mvaviY A¯¦i d nGj,
 1g c`, a = 33
n-Zg c` = a + (n – 1)d
‰es mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 29  33 =  4
 lÓ¤ c` = a + (6 – 1)d = 30 Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvb mgv¯¦i avivi n-Zg c` = a + (n  1)d
ev, a + 5d = 30 ............(i)
 cÉ`î avivi 12-Zg c` = 33 + (12  1)( 4)
‰es ‰Kv`kZg c` = a + (11 – 1)d = 55 = 33 + 11.(4)
ev, a + 10d = 55.............(ii) = 33  44
(i) I (ii)-B wbGYÆq mgxKiY«¼q| =  11 (Ans.)
L ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,

1+y+ 1y ar7 =  27 ............... (i)
m=
1+y 1y ar10 = 81 3 .......... (ii)
m+1 1+y+ 1y+ 1+y 1y

mgxKiY (ii) ˆK (i) «¼viv fvM KGi cvB,

m1
= [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] ar10 81 3
1+y+ 1y 1+y+ 1y =
ar7  27
m+1 2 1+y
ev, m  1 = ev, r3 = 3 3
2 1y
ev, r3 = ( 3 )3
m+1 1+y
ev, m  1 =  r= 3
1y
r ‰i gvb (i) bs mgxKiGY ewmGq cvB,
(m + 1)2 ( 1 + y) 2
ev, (m  1)2 = [DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi] a.( 3 )7 =  27
( 1  y)2
ev, a(27 3 ) = 27
2
m + 2m + 1 1+y
ev, m2  2m + 1 = 1  y ev, a =
27
2 2
27 3
m + 2m + 1 + m  2m + 1 1 + y + 1  y
ev, m2 + 2m + 1  m2 + 2m  1 = 1 + y  1 + y [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]  a=
1
3
2(m2 + 1) 2
ev, 2.2m = 2y 1
 avivwUi 14Zg c` = ( 3 )141
m2 + 1 1 3
ev, 2m = y 1
= ( 3 )13
2m 3
ev, m2 + 1 = y 1
= .(729 3 )
2m 3
 m2 
y
+ 1 = 0. (cÉgvwYZ)
= 729 (Ans.)
M cÉ`î avivwUi 1g c`GK 1g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK mvaviY AbycvZ
 M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

aGi cvB, a = 33 ‰es r =  4 àGYvîi avivwUi 1g c`, a =
1
3
 àGYvîi avivwUi 1g c` = a = 33
mvaviY AbycvZ, r =  3 < 1
” ” 2q ” = ar = 33.(4) =  132
Avgiv Rvwb,
” ” 3q ” = ar2 = 33.(4)2 = 528
a(1  rn)
” ” 4^Æ ” = ar3 = 33.(4)3 =  2112 àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡, Sn = 1  r , r < 1
 wbGYÆq àGYvîi avivwU, 33  132 + 528  2112 + .........  avivwUi cÉ^g 10wU cGì mgwÓ¡
ˆhGnZz, r =  4 < 1. 1
{1  ( 3 )10}
myZivs, cÉvµ¦ àGYvîi avivi 1g cuvPwU cGì mgwÓ¡ S10 =
3
33 {1  ( 4)5} a(1  rn) 1  ( 3 )
S5 =
1  ( 4) [ ‹ Sn =
1r
; r<1 ] 1
(242)
33(1 + 1024) 3 242
= = =
1+4 1+ 3 3 ( 3 + 1)
33  1025 242 3 ( 3 – 1)
= =
5 3{( 3)2 – (1)2}
= 33  205 = 6765 (Ans.) 121 3 ( 3  1)
= (Ans.)
3
cÉk²  99 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
‰KwU àGYvîi avivi AÓ¡g c`  27 ‰es ‰Kv`k c` 81 3. cÉk²  100 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
K. cÉ`î Z^ÅàGjv mgxKiY AvKvGi cÉKvk Ki| 2 ‰KwU avivi mvaviY c` 2n + 1; (n  ô).
L. avivwUi 14 Zg c` wbYÆq Ki| 4 K. avivwU wbYÆq Ki| 2
M. avivwUi cÉ^g `kwU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 L. avivwUi KZZg c` 169? 4
99 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb M. avivwUi cÉ^g msLÅvGK cÉ^g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK mvaviY
K gGb Kwi,
 AbycvZ aGi bZzb avivwUi cÉ^g 10wU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
àGYvîi avivwUi 1g c` = a
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU avivi mvaviY c` = 2n + 1; (n  ô)

‰es mvaviY AbycvZ = r
‰Lb, n = 1 nGj cÉ^g c` = 2.1 + 1 = 3
 avivwUi AÓ¡g c`, ar81 = 27
n = 2 nGj w«¼Zxq c` = 2.2 + 1 = 5
 ar7 =  27 ............. (i)
n = 3 nGj Z‡Zxq c` = 2.3 + 1 = 7
Avevi, avivwUi ‰Kv`k c`, ar111 = 81 3
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
 ar10 = 81 3 ............. (ii) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ans. ar7 = 27, ar10 = 81 3  wbGYÆq avivwU, 3 + 5 + 7 + ... ... ... (Ans.)
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB, avivwUi 1g c` a = 3
 M S2 = 24 + 96 + 384 + ............

2q c` = 5 S2 ‰i cÉ^g c` a = 24
 mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 5  3 = 2 96
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 24 = 4 > 1
gGbKwi, avivwUi n Zg c` = 169 a(rn  1)
ev, a + (n  1)d = 169 [ n Zg c` = a + (n  1)d] Avgiv Rvwb, Sn = r  1
ev, 3 + (n  1)2 = 169 a(r5  1)
 cÉ^g cuvP cGì (n = 5) mgwÓ¡ Sn = r  1
ev, (n  1)2 = 166
24(45  1) 24(1024  1)
ev, n  1 = 83 =
41
=
3
 n = 84
= 8  1023 = 8184
 avivwUi 84 Zg c` 169 (Ans.)  S1 I S2 ‰i AbycvZ = 4095 t 8184 [‘L’ nGZ]
M ‘K’ nGZ cÉvµ¦ avivwUi cÉ^g msLÅvGK cÉ^g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK
 = 1365 t 2728 (Ans.)
mvaviY AbycvZ aiGj cÉvµ¦ àGYvîi avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = 3 ‰es cÉk²  102 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2 > 1 6 + x + y + z + 96 + ....... ‰KwU
àGYvîi aviv|
Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡, K. mgv¯¦i aviv I AbyKÌg ‰i gGaÅ `yBwU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2
a(rn  1) L. x, y ‰es z ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
Sn = ;r>1
r1
M. DóxcGKi avivwU ˆjL| avivwUi cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡
 avivwUi cÉ^g 10wU cGì mgwÓ¡, 3066 nGj, n-‰i gvb KZ? 4
3(210  1) 3(1024  1)
S10 =
21
=
1
= 3  1023 = 3069 (Ans.) 102 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K

cÉk²  101 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3 mgv¯¦i aviv AbyKÌg
(i) ˆKvGbv avivi ˆhGKvGbv c` (i) KZàGjv ivwk ‰KUv weGkl wbqGg
215 + 213 + 211 + ....... + 175 = S1 ‰es 24 + 96 + 384 + ...... avivwUi
I Zvi cƒeÆeZÆx cGì cv^ÆKÅ KÌgv®¼Gq ‰gbfvGe mvRvGbv nq ˆh
cÉ^g cuvPwU cGì mgwÓ¡ = S2.
me mgq mgvb nGj ˆmB cÉGZÅK ivwk Zvi cƒGeÆi c` I cGii
K. S1 ‰i `kg c` wbYÆq Ki| 2
avivwUGK mgv¯¦i aviv eGj| cGì mvG^ KxfvGe mÁ·KÆxZ Zv
L. S1 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 Rvbv hvq| ‰fvGe mvRvGbv
M. S1 ‰es S2 ‰i AbycvZ êi Ki| 4 ivwkàGjvi ˆmUGK AbyKÌg eGj|
101 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (ii) D`vniY:
(ii) D`vniY: 1, 3, 5, .. (2n  1) ,...
1 + 3 + 5 + ... (2n  1)
K 215 + 213 + 211 + .......... + 175 = S1

S1 ‰i cÉ^g c`, a = 215
L 6 + x + y + z + 96 + .......

mvaviY A¯¦i d = 213  215 =  2 avivwUi 1g c` = a = 6
mvaviY AbycvZ r nGj,
n-Zg c` = a + (n  1)d
2q c`, x = ar1
 10-Zg c` = a + (10  1)d
= 215 + (10  1) (2)
3q c`, y = ar2
= 215 + 9(2) 4^Æ c`, z = ar3
= 215  18 5g c`, 96 = ar4
= 197 (Ans.) ev, 96 = 6.r4
L awi, 175 c`wU n Zg cG` AewÕ©Z|
 ev, r4 = 16 = 24
 n-Zg c` = a + (n  1)d  r=2
ev, 175 = 215 + (n  1) (2)  x = 6.2 = 12
y = 6.22 = 24
ev, 175  215 = (n  1) (2) z = 6.23 = 48 (Ans.)
ev, (n  1) (2) = 40 M ‘L’ nGZ, 6 + 12 + 24 + 48 + 96 + ........

40
ev, n1= ‰LvGb, cÉ^g c`, a = 6
2
mvaviY AbycvZ r = 2 > 1
ev, n  1 = 20
cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡,
ev, n = 20 + 1 = 21 a(rn  1)
n Sn = [ r > 1]
Avgiv Rvwb, n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡, Sn = {2a + (n  1)d}
2
r1
n
6(2  1)
21 ev, 3066 = 2  1
 21 cGì mgwÓ¡, S21 = 2  {2  215 + (21  1) (2)}
21 ev, 2n  1 = 511
= {430  40} ev, 2n = 511 + 1
2
21
=  390
ev, 2n = 512
2
ev, 2n = 29
= 4095 (Ans.)
 n = 9 (Ans.)
cÉk²  103 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3  avivwUi `kg (n = 10) c` = a + (10  1)d
= a + 9d
log3 + log9 + log27 + ..............
= log3 + 9log3
K. Bnv ˆKvb aiGbi aviv? 2 = 10log3 (Ans.)
L. avivi cçg I `kg c` wbYÆq Ki| 4
M Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡,

M. avivi cÉ^g eviwU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
n
103 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Sn = {2a + (n  1)d}
2
K log3 + log9 + log27 + ...............
  avivwUi cÉ^g eviwU (n = 12) cGì mgwÓ¡,
= log3 + log32 + log33 ............. 12
= log3 + 2log3 + 3log3 + .............. S12 = {2a + (12  1)d}
2
‰LvGb, avivwUi ˆhGKvGbv c`-cƒeÆeZÆx c` = 6(2log3 + 11 log3)
= 2log3  log3 = log3 = 6  13log3
‰es ˆkl c` AbycwÕ©Z| = 78log3 (Ans.)
 cÉ`î avivwU ‰KwU Ab¯¦ mgv¯¦i aviv| (Ans.)

L ‰LvGb, avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = log3

mvaviY A¯¦i, d = log3
Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i aviv n-Zg c` = a + (n  1)d
 avivwUi cçg (n = 5) c` = a + (5  1)d
= a + 4d = log3 + 4log3
= 5log3 (Ans.)
AaÅvq-14: AbycvZ, m`†kZv I cÉwZmgZv

cÉk²  23 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5 PM PN
ev, MQ + 1 = NR + 1 [Dfq cGÞ 1 ˆhvM KGi]
PQR ‰i P ‰i mgw«¼LíK PS, QR-ˆK S we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| SP ‰i PM + MQ PN + NR
mgv¯¦ivj RT îLvsk ewaÆZ QP-ˆK T we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| ev, MQ
=
NR
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, `yBwU wòfzGRi f„wg mgvb nGj, ZvGì ˆÞòdj ev,
PQ PR
=
MQ NR
DœPZvi mgvbycvwZK| 2 PQ MQ
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QS : SR = PQ : PR. 4 ev, =
PR NR
M. QR ‰i mgv¯¦ivj ˆKvGbv îLvsk PQ ‰es PR-ˆK h^vKÌGg M ev, PQ : PR = MQ : NR ... ... ... (ii)
I N we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QS : SR = MQ : NR. 4 (3) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) nGZ cvB,
23 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb QS : SR = MQ : NR (cÉgvwYZ)
K MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 14 ‰i AbyGœQ` 14.1 ‰i “RÅvwgwZK


mgvbycvZ” ‰i (2) bs `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-267| cÉk²  24 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5
L PQR ‰i P ‰i mgw«¼LíK PS, QR ˆK S we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
 `yBwU m`†kGKvYx ABC I DEF ‰i BC ‰es EF ‰i Dci h^vKÌGg AG
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, QS : SR = PQ : PR I DH jÁ¼|
T K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPò AuvK| 2
P L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, AG : DH = AB : DE. 4
M. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, ABC : DEF = BC2 : EF2. 4
K DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPò wbÁ²i…c :

Q R
S A
D
Aâb: SP îLvsGki mgv¯¦ivj KGi R we±`y w`Gq RT îLvsk Aâb Kwi,
ˆhb Zv ewaÆZ QP evüGK T we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv B C E F
G H
(1) ˆhGnZz SP || RT ‰es PR I PT [Aâb]
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, ABC I DEF `yBwU m`†kGKvYx wòfzR| AG I DH

ZvGì ˆQ`K h^vKÌGg ZvGì DœPZv|
 PTR = QPS [Abyi…c ˆKvY] cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AG t DH = AB t DE
‰es PRT = RPS [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv
(2) wK¯§ QPS = RPS [Õ¼xKvi] (1) ˆhGnZz ABC I DEF m`†kGKvYx
 PTR = PRT;  PR = PT  A = D, B = E ‰es C = F
QS
(3) Avevi, ˆhGnZz SP || RT,  SR = PT
PQ (2) Avevi, ABG I DEH -‰,
ABG = DEH
QS PQ AGB = DHE = ‰K mgGKvY
 =
SR PR
[KÍ¸bv]
 BAG = EDH [AewkÓ¡]
 QS : SR = PQ : PR (cÉgvwYZ)
 ABG I DEH m`†kGKvYx I m`†k|
M
 P AG AB [m`†k ˆKvYx wòfzGRi
 =
DH DE
Abyi…c evüàGjv
 AG t DH = AB t DE (cÉgvwYZ)
M N mgvbycvwZK]
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi 14.2 Abykxjbxi Dccv`Å 35 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-275

Q R
S
gGb Kwi, PQR ‰ P ‰i mgw«¼LíK PS| QR ‰i mgv¯¦ivj ˆKvGbv
A
îLvsk PQ ‰es PR ˆK h^vKÌGg M I N we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| cÉgvY
KiGZ nGe ˆh, QS : SR = MQ : NR
cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv
(1) PQR ‰i P ‰i mgw«¼LíK PS
 QS : SR = PQ : PR ........(i) [‘L’ nGZ] O
(2) ‰Lb, MN || QR
PM PN
 =
MQ NR B D C
wPGò, AB = 6cm, AC = 4cm, CD = 2cm ‰es O, AD ‰i Dci ˆh ˆKvGbv 
M ‰LvGb, ABC ‰i AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm, BD = 3 cm (L-nGZ
we±`y| AD îLv ABC ‰i A¯¦tÕ© A ˆK mgw«¼LwíZ KGi| cÉvµ¦) ‰es O, AD ‰i Dci ˆh ˆKvGbv we±`y|
K. ABD I ACD m`†kGKvYx wK-bv hywÚmn wjL| 2 A
L. BD ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, AOB t AOC = 3 t 2 4
O
A
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm.
ABD I ACD-‰, B C
D Q P
AB 6 cm 3
= =
AC 4 cm 2
AD O Aâb: A ‰es O nGZ BC-‰i Dci h^vKÌGg AP I OQ jÁ¼ Uvwb|
ev, AD = 1
AB AD
ev, AC  AD B D C
1
(1) ABD I ACD ‰i DœPZv AP| [wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 2  f„wg  DœPZv]
 ABD I ACD m`†kGKvYx bq| 1
 ABD-‰i ˆÞòdj = . BD.AP
L ‰LvGb, ABC-‰i AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm, CD = 2 cm, AD 2
îLvsk ABC ‰i A¯¦:Õ© A ˆK mgw«¼LwíZ KGi BC evüGK D 1
‰es ACD-‰i ˆÞòdj = 2. CD.AP
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ ‰es O, AD ‰i Dci ˆhGKvGbv we±`y|
1
E [wòf„GRi ˆÞòdj = 2  f„wg  DœPZv]
(2) Avevi, BOD I COD- ‰i DœPZv OQ.
1
 BOD-‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 . BD.OQ
A
1
[wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 2  f„wg  DœPZv]
1
O ‰es COD-‰i ˆÞòdj = 2.CD.OQ
1
[wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 2  f„wg  DœPZv]
B D C
AOB ABD  BOD
(3) AOC = ACD  COD
DA îLvsGki mgv¯¦ivj KGi C we±`y w`Gq CE îLvsk Aâb Kwi, ˆhb
Zv ewaÆZ BA evüGK E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| [ABD = AOB + BOD ‰es ACD = COD + AOC]
1 1
ˆhGnZz DA || CE ‰es AC I AE ZvGì ˆQ`K .BD.AP  .BD.OQ
AOB 2 2
ˆmGnZz AEC = BAD [Abyi…c ˆKvY] ev, =
AOC 1 1
[avc (1) I (2) nGZ]
‰es ACE = CAD [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] .CD.AP  .CD.OQ
2 2
wK¯§ BAD = CAD [Õ¼xKvi] 1
BD(AP  OQ)
 AEC = ACE; 2
=
 AC = AE 1
CD(AP  OQ)
Avevi, ˆhGnZz DA || CE, 2
BD AB BD
 = =
DC AE CD
wK¯§ AE = AC =
3 cm 3
= [‹ BD = 3cm ‰es CD = 2cm]
BD AB 2 cm 2
 =
DC AC  AOB : AOC = 3 : 2 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
BD 6 cm
ev, 2 cm = 4 cm [‹ AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm ‰es CD = 2 cm]
12
ev, BD = 4 cm
ev, BD = 3 cm
 BD ‰i Š`NÆÅ 3 cm. (Ans.)
AaÅvq-15: ˆÞòdj mÁ·wKÆZ Dccv`Å I mÁ·v`Å

ABC ‰i AB I AC evü«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D I E cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
K. Z^ÅvbymvGi wPòwU AuvK| 2 (1) AD  BC nIqvq
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, DE || BC. 4 ADB = ADC = 1 mgGKvY
1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh,  ˆÞò BDE ‰i ˆÞòdj = 4 ( GÞò ABC ‰i (2) ‰Lb ABD I ADC mgGKvYx
ˆÞòdj)| 4 wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ AwZfzR AB = AwZfzR AC
36 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb [mgevü wòfzGRi cÉGZÅK evü mgvb]
K
 AD mvaviY evü
A
myZivs, ABD  ADC
 BD = CD (cÉgvwYZ)
D E
L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 15 ‰i Dccv`Å-38 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-288
B C A
M

wPGò ABC ‰i AB I AC evü«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D I E| ˆÌqv AvGQ, ABC-mgevü
L gvaÅwgK MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å-15 `ËÓ¡eÅ|
 A^Ævr AB = BC = CA
c†Ó¤v-129 ‰es AD, BC ‰i Ici jÁ¼|
A
M
 cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, 4AD2 = 3AB2 B D C
D E cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv

(1) AD  BC [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
B C
 ADB = ADC = 90°.
(2) ‰Lb, mgGKvYx ABD ‰es mgGKvYx ACD-‰
gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i AB I AC evü«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D I E| AwZfzR AB = AwZfzR AC [ ABC mgevü wòfzR]
D, E ‰es B, E ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, ‰es AD = AD [ mvaviY evü ]
1
 ˆÞò BDE ‰i ˆÞòdj = 4 ( ˆÞò ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj)  ABD  ACD
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv [ mgGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gqi AwZfyR ‰es Aci ‰KwU evü mgvb]
(1) ABE ‰ DE, AB ‰i gaÅgv [‹ DE gaÅgv ABE ˆK myZivs, BD = CD
 BC = 2BD
  ˆÞò ABE = 2 ( ˆÞò BDE) mgw«¼LwíZ KGi]
(3) Avevi, mgGKvYx ABD-‰ ADB = 90°
(2) ABC ‰ BE, AC ‰i gaÅgv
  ˆÞò ABC = 2 ( ˆÞò ABE)
‰es AwZfzR = AB.
ev, ˆÞò ABC = 2 [2( ˆÞò BDE)] [avc-1 ˆ^GK] (4) wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
AB2 = AD2 + BD2
ev,  ˆÞò ABC = 4 ( ˆÞò BDE)
1 ev, AD2 = AB2 – BD2
 ˆÞò BDE = 4 ( ˆÞò ABC) (cÉgvwYZ) ev, 4AD2 = 4AB2 – 4BD2 [ DfqcÞGK 4 «¼viv àY KGi ]
ev, 4AD2 = 4AB2 – (2BD)2
cÉk²  37 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 6 ev, 4AD2 = 4AB2 – BC2 [ BC = 2BD ]
mgGKvYx PQR ‰i Q = ‰K mgGKvY ‰es ABC mgevü hvi ev, 4AD2 = 4AB2 – AB2 [ AB = BC]
AD  BC.  4AD = 3AB . (cÉgvwYZ)
2 2
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, BD = CD 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 4
ABC ‰ C = 1 mgGKvY ‰es B = 2A.
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 4AD2 = 3AB2 4
37 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K. A = ? ‰es B = ? 2
K ABC ‰KwU mgevü wòfzR|
 L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, AB = AC + BC .
2 2 2
4
A
hvi ADBC| cÉgvY KiGZ M. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, ABC ‰i ˆhGKvGbv `yB evüi gaÅwe±`yi
nGe ˆh, BD = CD msGhvRK îLvsGki Š`NÆÅ ‰i Z‡Zxq evüi mgv¯¦ivj ‰es Š`GNÆÅ
Zvi AGaÆK| 4
B C
D
38 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (3) wK¯§, ABDE UÇvwcwRqvg ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdj = ˆÞò ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj +
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, DABC ‰ C = 1 mgGKvY = 90
 ˆÞò ACE ‰i ˆÞòdj + ˆÞò ECD ‰i ˆÞòdj|
‰es B = 2A 1 1 1
 2BD(AB + DE) = 2  AB  BC + 2  AC  CE + 2  CD  DE
1
Avgiv Rvwb,
1 1 1
A + B + C = 180 ev, 2(BC + CD) (AB + DE) = 2  AB  BC + 2  AC
ev, A + 2A + 90 = 180 1
 CE +  CD  DE [ BD = BC + CD]
ev, 3A = 90 2
\ 1 1 1 1
A = 30 ev, 2
(a + c) (c + a) = ca + b2 + ac
2 2 2
\ B = 2  30 = 60 (Ans.)
1 1 2
L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-15 ‰i Dccv`Å-38 (wc^vGMvivGmi
 ev, 2
2
(c + a) = ca + b
2
Dccv`Å) `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-289 1 2 1
ev, (c + 2ca + a ) = ca + b2
2
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å-15 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-129
 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
ev, 2
c + ca + a = ca + b
2 2
cÉk²  39 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 1 2 1 2 1 2
ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR| ˆhLvGb B = ‰K mgGKvY| ev, 2
c + a = b
2 2
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wòfzRwU AuvK| 2 ev, c2 + a2 = b2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AC = AB + BC |
2 2 2
4 ev, b2 = c2 + a2
M. ABC wòfzGR AB = BC ‰es P AwZfzR AC ‰i DciÕ© ˆh  AC2 = AB2 + BC2 (cÉgvwYZ)
ˆKvGbv we±`y nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PA + PC = 2PB |
2 2 2
4 M m†Rbkxj 2(M) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-347
K
 A cÉk²  40 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
PQR-‰ P = ‰K mgGKvY ‰es QR-‰i gaÅwe±`y S.
K. cÉ`î Z^Å Abyhvqx wPòwU Aâb Ki| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QR = PQ + PR .
2 2 2
4
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, PS ‰i Š`NÆÅ QR ‰i AGaÆK| 4
40 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Q
90 K wPGò, PQR ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR, hvi

C
B P = 90, ‰es AwZfzR QR ‰i
S
gaÅwe±`y S.
cÉ`î Dcvî Abyhvqx ABC AvuKv nGjv hvi B = ‰K mgGKvY|
L weGkl wbeÆvPb: gGb Kwi,
 A
E P R
ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi
B = ‰K mgGKvY, c b Q
AC = b, BC = a I AB = c.
b
a L ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR ‰i P =
 T
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe, ‰K mgGKvY|
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 B c
D awi, PQ = r, PR = q ‰es QR = p r p p
a C q
A^Ævr, b2 = c2 + a2 cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
Aâb : BC evüGK D chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb CD = AB = c nq| QR2 = PQ2 + PR2 P q R r S
D we±`yGZ BD îLvsGki Ici jÁ¼fvGe DE îLvsk AuvwK ˆhb
DE = BC = a nq| A, E I C, E ˆhvM Kwi|
PR evüGK S chÆ¯¦ ‰gbfvGe ewaÆZ Kwi, ˆhb RS = PQ = r nq| S we±`yGZ
cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv TS  PS AuvwK ˆhb TS = PR = q nq| R, T I Q, T ˆhvM Kwi|
‰Lb, BCA I DEC ‰ cÉgvY : PQR I RST wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ,
(1) BC = DE = a, AB = DC = c [Aâb AbymvGi] PQ = RS, PR = TS ‰es
‰es A¯¦fzÆÚ CBA = A¯¦fzÆÚ EDC [cÉGZÅGK ‰K mgGKvY] A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY RPQ = A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY RST = ‰K mgGKvY|
 BCA  DEC
 PQR  RST
 AC = EC = b ‰es CAB = ECD
 PQR = TRS‰es RT = QR = P
(2) ‰Lb ˆhGnZz AB  BD ‰es ED  BD, ‰Lb, PQR + PRQ = ‰K mgGKvY
myZivs AB || ED.
 TRS + PRQ = ‰K mgGKvY
AZ‰e, ABDE ‰KwU UÇvwcwRqvg|
wK¯§, PRQ + QRT + TRS = `yB mgGKvY
Avevi, BCA + CAB = ‰K mgGKvY|
 QRT = ‰K mgGKvY
 BCA + ECD = ‰K mgGKvY| [avc-1 ˆ^GK]
Avevi, UÇvwcwRqvg PQTS ‰i ˆÞòdj = PQR ‰i ˆÞòdj +
wK¯§ BCA + ACE + ECD = `yB mgGKvY|
QRT ‰i ˆÞòdj + RST ‰i ˆÞòdj
ev, ACE + ‰K mgGKvY = `yB mgGKvY| 1 1 1 1
 ACE = ‰K mgGKvY, ev, 2 (PQ + TS)PS = 2  PR  PQ + 2  QR  RT + 2  RS  TS
1 1 1 1
ev, 2 (r + q)(q + r) = 2 qr + 2 P2 + 2 qr L gGb Kwi, mgw«¼evü mgGKvYx PRQ-
 R
1 1 ‰i RP = PQ ‰es AwZfzR RQ|
ev, (q + r)2 = (qr + p2 + qr)
2 2 O, RQ ‰i Ici ˆhGKvGbv we±`y| O, P S O
ev, q2 + 2qr + r2 = 2qr + p2 ˆhvM Kwi|
ev, q2 + r2 = p2 cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, OR2 + OQ2 =
ev, p2 = r2 + q2 2OP2.
 QR2 = PQ2 + PR2 (cÉgvwYZ) Aâb: O we±`y ˆ^GK PR ‰es PQ P T Q
M

Q evüi Ici h^vKÌGg OS ‰es OT jÁ¼
Uvwb|
E S
(1) PRQ- ‰i, P = 90° [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
‰es R = Q = 45° [ PQ = PR]
P R ‰Lb, OTQ-‰i, T = 90° [ OT  PQ]
D
myZivs,  TOQ = TQO = 45°  QT = OT
Abyi…cfvGe cÉgvY Kiv hvq, ORS mgGKvYx wòfzGR, OS = RS
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, PQR-‰ P ‰K mgGKvY ‰es S, QR ‰i
(2) OTQ mgGKvYx wòfzGR OQ
1
gaÅwe±`y| P, S ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PS = 2 QR AwZfzR nIqvq [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
Aâb: PQ ‰i gaÅwe±`y E wbB ‰es S, E ˆhvM Kwi| OQ2 = OT2 + QT2 = OT2 + OT2 [ OT = QT]
 OQ2 = 2OT2 ... ... ... (i)
(3) ORS mgGKvYx wòfzGR OR
(1) PQR-‰ E I S h^vKÌGg PQ I QR ‰i gaÅwe±`y|
AwZfzR nIqvq, [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
 ES || PR
OR2 = RS2 + OS2 = OS2 + OS2 [ RS = OS]
 QES = Abyi…c EPR = ‰K mgGKvY|  OR2 = 2OS2 ... ... ... (ii)
‰es SEP = Abyi…c EPR = ‰K mgGKvY (4) (i) ‰es (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
(2) ‰Lb QES I PES-‰ OQ2 + OR2 = 2OT2 + 2OS2 = 2(OT2 + OS2)
QE = PE [ E, PQ ‰i gaÅwe±`y] Avevi, PTOS ‰KwU AvqZ| [S = P = T = ‰K mgGKvY]
ES = ES [ mvaviY evü]  OS = PT [ AvqZGÞGòi wecixZ evü«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb]
‰es A¯¦fÆyÚ QES = A¯¦fÆyÚ SEP [avc (1) ˆ^GK cÉGZÅGK ‰K mgGKvY]  OQ2 + OR2 = 2(OT2 + PT2) ... ... ... (iii)
 QES  PES (5) PTO mgGKvYx wòfzGR OP AwZfzR nIqvq,
 QS = PS OP2 = OT2 + PT2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
1
(3) wK¯§ QS = 2 QR (6) (iii) bs nGZ cvB, OQ + OR = 2OP
2 2 2
 OR2 + OQ2 = 2OP2 (cÉgvwYZ)

1
 PS = QR (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
2 M ˆÌqv AvGQ, PR = 4.4 ˆm.wg.

 PQ = PR = 4.4 ˆm.wg.
cÉk²  41 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 ‰Lb, ˆhGnZz OS  PR ‰es OT  PQ ‰es O, RQ ‰i gaÅwe±`y|
1 1
R  OT = SP = PR =  4.4 = 2.2 ˆm.wg.
2 2
1
 POQ ‰i ˆÞòdj =  PQ  OT
2
1
S O =  4.4  2.2
2
= 4.84 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
1
P T Q PQR ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2  PQ  PR
1
=  4.4  4.4
K. DcGivÚ wPGòi RÅvwgwZK eYÆbv `vI| 2 2
= 9.68
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, OQ + OR = 2OP
2 2 2
4
= 2  4.84 ˆm.wg.
M. PR = 4.4 ˆm.wg., nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, -ˆÞò PQR = 2  -ˆÞò POQ. 4
ˆÞò PQR = 2  -ˆÞò POQ (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
K ‰LvGb, PQR ‰KwU mgw«¼evü
 R cÉk²  42 ewikvj êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
mgGKvYx wòfzR hvi PQ = PR PQR mgw«¼evü mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR QR-‰i Dci M ˆh ˆKvGbv
‰es RQ AwZfzR|O, RQ ‰i S O we±`y| D, PQ-‰i Dci ‰KwU we±`y|
Ici ˆhGKvGbv we±`y| OT  K. Z^ÅàGjv wPGòi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
PQ ‰es OS  PR.
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, RQ2 + PD2 = PQ2 + RD2. 4
Q M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, MR2 + MQ2 = 2PM2. 4
P T
42 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb R Aâb: M we±`y ˆ^GK PR ‰es PQ
K wPGò, PQR ‰KwU mgGKvYx
 evüi Ici h^vKÌGg ME ‰es MD jÁ¼
mgw«¼evü wòfzR hvi P = 90, M Uvwb|
AwZfzR QR ‰i Dci M
ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU we±`y| D, PQ
P Q (1) PRQ- ‰i, P = 90° [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
‰i DciÕ© ‰KwU we±`y| D
‰es R = Q = 45° [ PQ = PR]
L PQR-‰i P = ‰K mgGKvY
 R
‰es D, PQ ‰i DciÕ© ‰KwU ‰Lb, MDQ-‰i, D = 90° [ MD  PQ]
we±`y| R, D ˆhvM Kwi| myZivs,  DMQ = DQM = 45°  QD = MD

cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, Abyi…cfvGe cÉgvY Kiv hvq, MRE mgGKvYx wòfzGR, ME = PE
RQ2 + PD2 = PQ2 + RD2
P D Q
(2) MDQ mgGKvYx wòfzGR MQ
AwZfzR nIqvq [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
MQ2 = MD2 + QD2 = MD2 + MD2 [ MD = QD]
(1) PRQ mgGKvYx hvi AwZfzR RQ
 MQ2 = 2MD2 ... ... ... (i)
 RQ2 = PR2 + PQ2 ... ... (i) [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
(2) PRD mgGKvYx hvi AwZfzR RD (3) MRE mgGKvYx wòfzGR MR
 RD2 = PR2 + PD2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å] AwZfzR nIqvq, [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
2 2 2 2 2
ev, PD = RD – PR ... ... (ii)
2 2 2 MR = RE + ME = ME + ME [ RE = ME]
(3) (i) bs I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,  MR2 = 2ME2 ... ... ... (ii)
 RQ2 + PD2 = PR2 + PQ2 + RD2 – PR2 (4) (i) ‰es (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
ev, RQ2 + PD2 = PQ2 + RD2 MQ2 + MR2 = 2MD2 + 2ME2 = 2(MD2 + ME2)
 2 2
RQ + PD = RD + PQ 2 2
(cÉgvwYZ) Avevi, PDME ‰KwU AvqZ| [E = P = D = ‰K mgGKvY]
M gGb Kwi, mgw«¼evü mgGKvYx PRQ-
 W
 ME = PD [ AvqZGÞGòi wecixZ evü«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb]
‰i PR = PQ ‰es AwZfzR RQ|  MQ2 + MP2 = 2(MD2 + PD2) ... ... ... (iii)
M, RQ ‰i Ici ˆhGKvGbv we±`y| M, E M
(5) PDM mgGKvYx wòfzGR MP AwZfzR nIqvq,
P ˆhvM Kwi|
MP2 = MD2 + PD2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
MR2 + MQ2 = 2MP2. (6) (iii) bs nGZ cvB, MQ + MR2 = 2MP2
2
P D Q
 MR2 + MQ2 = 2MP2 (cÉgvwYZ)
AaÅvq-16: cwiwgwZ
cÉk²  139 XvKv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9 Avgiv Rvwb,
‰KwU e†îvKvi gvVGK wNGi ‰KwU ivÕ¦v AvGQ| ivÕ¦vwUi evBGii cwiwa wmwj´£vK‡wZi cvBGci evBGii AvqZb = R2h Nb ‰KK
wfZGii cwiwa AGcÞv 22 wgUvi eo| cÉwZ eMÆwgUvi ivÕ¦vq BU emvGZ = 3.1416  82  500 Nb ˆm. wg.
LiP nq 300 UvKv| = 100531.2 Nb ˆm. wg (cÉvq) (Ans.)
K. 14 ˆm.wg. eÅvmwewkÓ¡ e†Gîi cwiwa wbYÆq Ki| 2 L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, cvBGci wfZGii eÅvm = 14 ˆm. wg.
14
L. ivÕ¦vwU KZ wgUvi PIov wbYÆq Ki| 4  cvBGci wfZGii eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 ˆm. wg. = 7 ˆm. wg.
M. gvGVi eÅvmvaÆ 35 wgUvi nGj, ivÕ¦vwUGZ BU emvGZ KZ LiP  cvBGci wfZGii AvqZb = r2h Nb ‰KK
nGe Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4 = 3.1416  (7)2  500 Nb ˆm. wg.
139 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = 76969.2 Nb ˆm.wg.
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, e†Gîi eÅvm, 2r = 14 ˆm.wg. ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, cvBGci evBGii AvqZb = 100531.2 Nb ˆm. wg.
Avgiv Rvwb, e†Gîi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK  cvBGci ˆjvnvi AvqZb = evBGii AvqZb – wfZGii AvqZb
= 14  3.1416 ˆm.wg. = (100531.2 – 76969.2) Nb ˆm. wg.
= 43.98 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.) = 23562 Nb ˆm. wg.
L gGb Kwi, ‰LvGb, 1 Nb ˆm. wg. ˆjvnvi IRb 7.2 MÉvg
e†îvKvi gvGVi evBGii eÅvmvaÆ = R wgUvi 169646.4
 ˆjvnvi IRb = 23562  7.2 MÉvg = 1000 wKGjvMÉvg
‰es wfZGii eÅvmvaÆ = r wgUvi
= 169.65 wK. MÉvg (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 ivÕ¦vi PIov = R − r wgUvi

 e†îvKvi gvGVi evBGii cwiwa = 2R wgUvi ˆjvnvi cvBGci AvqZb = 23562 Nb ˆm. wg.
‰es wfZGii cwiwa = 2r wgUvi ˆÌqv AvGQ, wbGiU `Gíi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 7
cÉk²vbymvGi, 2R − 2r = 22 awi, `íwUi Š`NÆÅ = h ˆm. wg.
ev, 2 (R − r) = 22  `íwUi AvqZb = r2h Nb ˆm. wg.
22
ev, R − r = 2  3.1416 = 3.50 = 3.1416  72  h Nb ˆm. wg.
= 153. 9384 h Nb ˆm. wg.
 ivÕ¦vi PIov 3.50 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
Avevi, `íwUi AvqZb = ˆjvnvi AvqZb
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, gvGVi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 35 wgUvi  153.9384 h = 23562
‰es ivÕ¦vi PIov = 3.50 wgUvi [‘L’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦] 23562
ev, h = 153.9384
 ivÕ¦vmn gvGVi eÅvmvaÆ, R = (35 + 3.50) wgUvi = 38.50 wgUvi
 ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = ivÕ¦vmn gvGVi ˆÞòdj ivÕ¦vQvov gvGVi ˆÞòdj ev, h = 153.0612
2
= R − r 2  wbGiU `Gíi Š`NÆÅ 153.06 ˆm. wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
= (R2 − r2)
= 3.1416 {(38.50)2 − (35)2} cÉk²  141 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9
= 3.1416  257.25 ‰KwU ˆjvnvi cvBGci wfZGii I evBGii eÅvm h^vKÌGg 14 ˆm.wg. I 16
= 808.18 eMÆ wgUvi ˆm.wg. ‰es cvBGci DœPZv 5 wgUvi| 1 Nb ˆm.wg. ˆjvnvi IRb 7.2 MÉvg|
‰LvGb, cÉwZ eMÆwgUvi ivÕ¦vq BU emvGZ LiP 300 UvKv K. cvBGci evBGii AvqZb KZ? 2
 808.18 ” ” ” ” ” (808.18  300) UvKv L. cvBGci ˆjvnvi IRb wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 242454 UvKv (Ans.) M. cvBcGK MwjGq 7 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU wbGiU `Gí
cwiYZ Kiv nGjv| `íwUi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
cÉk²  140 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 141 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
‰KwU ˆjvnvi cvBGci wfZGii I evBGii eÅvm h^vKÌGg 14 ˆm.wg. I 16 m†Rbkxj 62 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|
ˆm.wg. ‰es cvBGci DœPZv 5 wgUvi| 1 Nb ˆm.wg. ˆjvnvi IRb 7.2 MÉvg|
K. cvBGci evBGii AvqZb KZ? 2 cÉk²  142 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9
L. cvBGci ˆjvnvi IRb wbYÆq Ki| 4 ‰KwU evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 80 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 60 wgUvi| evMvbwUi wfZGi
M. cvBcGK MwjGq 7 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU wbGiU `Gí mgvb cvowewkÓ¡ ‰KwU cyKzi Lbb Kiv nj|
cwiYZ Kiv nGjv| `íwUi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 K. evMvGbi cwimxgv I ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
140 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L. hw` cyKzi cvGoi ˆÞòdj 804 eMÆwgUvi nq, ZGe cyKzGii
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, cvBGci evBGii eÅvm = 16 ˆm. wg. Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4
16
 cvBGci evBGii eÅvmvaÆ, R = 2 ˆm. wg. = 8 ˆm. wg. M. cyK z G ii MfxiZv 2.75 wgUvi nGj, cÉwZ NbwgUvi gvwU Lbb
KiGZ 325 UvKv wnmvGe H cyKziwUi gvwU Lbb KiGZ KZ
‰es cvBGci DœPZv, h = 5 wgUvi = 500 ˆm. wg. UvKv jvMGe? 4
142 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cvBGci wfZGii eÅvm = 8 ˆm. wg.
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 80 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 60 wgUvi
 ” ”
8
eÅvmvaÆ = 2 ˆm. wg. = 4 ˆm. wg.
 evMvGbi cwimxgv = 2(Š`NÆÅ + cÉÕ©) ‰KK
= 2(80 + 60) wgUvi
 cvBGci cyi‚Z½ = (5  4) ˆm. wg. = 1 ˆm. wg. (Ans.)
= 2  140 wgUvi = 280 wgUvi (Ans.) L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
‰es evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (Š`NÆÅ  cÉÕ©) eMÆ ‰KK cvBGci evBGii eÅvmvaÆ R = 5 ˆm. wg.
= (80  60) eMÆ wgUvi ˆÌqv AvGQ,
= 4800 eMÆ wgUvi (Ans.) cvBGci evBGii DœPZv h = 4 wg. = (4  100) ˆm. wg.
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, = 400 ˆm. wg.
cyKzi cvGoi ˆÞòdj 804 eMÆwgUvi Avgiv Rvwb,
‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, evMvGbi ˆÞòdj 4800 eMÆ wgUvi cvBGci evBGii eKÌZGji ˆÞòdj = 2Rh eMÆ ‰KK
 cvo evG` cyKzGii ˆÞòdj = (4800  804) eMÆ wgUvi = (2    5  400) eMÆ ˆm. wg.
= 3996 eMÆ wgUvi = 12566.4 eMÆ ˆm. wg.
gGb Kwi, evMvbwUi wfZGi x wgUvi cvowewkÓ¡ cyKzi Lbb Kiv nGqGQ| = 1.257 eMÆ wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 cvo evG` cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ = (80  2x) wgUvi M cvBGci DœPZv, h = 4 wgUvi = 400 ˆm.wg.
cvo evG` cyKzGii cÉÕ© = (60  2x) wgUvi ‘K’ nGZ cvB, cvBGci evBGii eÅvmvaÆ R = 5 ˆm.wg.
 cvo evG` cyKzGii ˆÞòdj = (80  2x) (60  2x)  cvBGci evBGii AvqZb = R2h Nb ‰KK = 3.1416  (5)2  400
kZÆgGZ, (80  2x) (60  2x) = 3996 = 31416 Nb ˆm.wg.
ev, 4800  160x  120x + 4x2 = 3996 ‘K’ nGZ cvB, cvBGci wfZGii eÅvmvaÆ, r = 4 ˆm.wg.
ev, 4x2 –x + 4800 – 3996 = 0  cvBGci wfZGii AvqZb = r2h Nb ‰KK
ev, 4x2  280x + 804 = 0 = 3.1416  (4)2  400
ev, 4(x2  70x + 201) = 0 = 20106.24 Nb ˆm.wg.
ev, x2  70x + 201 = 0  cvBGci ˆjvnvi AvqZb = 31416  20106.24
ev, x2  67x  3x + 201 = 0 = 11309.76 Nb ˆm.wg.
ev, x(x  67)  3(x  67) = 0  cvBGci ˆjvnvi IRb = 11309.76  7.2 MÉvg
ev, (x  67) (x  3) = 0 =
81430.272
wKGjvMÉvg
 x  67 = 0 1000
ev, x = 67 = 81.43 wKGjvMÉvg (cÉvq) (Ans.)
hvnv MÉnY ˆhvMÅ bq|
 x3=0 cÉk²  144 wmGjU êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9
ev, x = 3 ‰KwU e†Gîi cwiwa 44 wgUvi|
 cvoevG` cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ = (80  2  3) wgUvi K. e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq KGiv| 2
= (80  6) wgUvi = 74 wgUvi L. e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ eMÆGÞGòi evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4
‰es cvoevG` cyKzGii cÉÕ© = (60  2  3) wgUvi M. e†Gîi cwiwa ‰KwU mgevü wòfzGRi cwimxgvi mgvb nGj
= (60  6) wgUvi ‰Gì ˆÞòdGji AbycvZ wbYÆq KGiv| 4
= 54 wgUvi 144 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ 74 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 54 wgUvi (Ans.) K awi, e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ = r

M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB,  ” cwiwa = 2r
cyKzGii ˆÞòdj 3996 eMÆ wgUvi kZÆgGZ, 2r = 44
ˆÌqv AvGQ cyKzGii MfxiZv 2.75 wgUvi 44
ev, r = 2  
 cyKzGii AvqZb = ˆÞòdj  MfxiZv
= 3996  2.75 Nb wgUvi = 10989 Nb wgUvi
 H cyKziwUi gvwU Lbb KiGZ jvMGe (10989  325) UvKv
r=7 [ = 227] (Ans.)
L e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ = 7 wgUvi [K nGZ]

= 3571425 UvKv (Ans.)
” eÅvm = (7  2) wgUvi = 14 wgUvi
Avgiv Rvwb,
‰KwU ˆjvnvi cvBGci wfZGii I evBGii eÅvm h^vKÌGg 8 ˆm.wg. I 10 ˆm.wg. e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ eGMÆi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ e†îwUi eÅvGmi mgvb|
‰es cvBGci DœPZv 4 wgUvi| 1 Nb ˆm.wg. ˆjvnvi IRb 7.2 MÉvg| myZivs eMÆGÞòwUi KYÆ = 14 wgUvi
K. cvBGci cyi‚Z½ KZ ˆm.wg. wbYÆq KGiv| 2 awi, eGMÆi ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ a ‰KK
L. cvBGci evBGii eKÌZGji ˆÞòdj wbYÆq KGiv| 4  ” KYÆ = 2a ‰KK
M. cvBGc eÅen†Z ˆjvnvi IRb KZ ˆK.wR. wbYÆq KGiv| 4  2a = 14
ev, a =
K ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 2
cvBGci evBGii eÅvm = 10 ˆm. wg. 14 2
10
ev, a = 2
” ” eÅvmvaÆ = 2 ˆm. wg. = 5 ˆm. wg.
 a = 7 2 wgUvi = 9.899 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
M e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ r = 7 wgUvi [‘K’ ˆ^GK]
 AD
ev, 1 = 10
 ” ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK \ AD = 10 wgUvi|
= (7)2 eMÆ wgUvi AD
Avevi, DABD ‰ sin ABD = AB
22 22
=
7
 49 ” [
” = 7 ] 10
ev, sin30 = AB
= 154 eMÆ
wgUvi 1 10
ev, 2 = AB
Avevi, ˆhGnZz e†Gîi cwiwa = mgevü wòfzGRi cwimxgv
\ AB = 20 wgUvi| (Ans.)
 mgevü wòfzGRi cwimxgv = 44 wgUvi

awi, mgevü wòfzGRi evüi Š`NÆÅ a AB = 20 wg., AD = 10 wg.
 cwimxgv = 3a D ABD-‰, BD = AB2  AD2
44
 3a = 44  a = = (20)2  (10)2
3
= 300 = 10 3 wg.
Avgiv Rvwb,
\ BC = BD + CD = 10 3 + 10 = 27.3205 wg.
3 2 Avevi,
mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj =
4
a eMÆ ‰KK
2
DADC ‰ AC = AD2 + CD2 = (10)2 + (10)2
3
=
4 (443) ” ” \
= 200 = 14.1421
DABC ‰i cwimxgv = AB + BC + AC
3 1936 484 3 = (20 + 27.3205 + 14.1421) wgUvi
=
4

9
” ” = 9
” ”
= 61.46 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
484 3
 e†î I mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdGji AbycvZ = 154 t 9 cÉk²  146 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8
= 1386 t 484 3 ABCD ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiGKi `yB evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 12 ˆm.wg. ‰es 8
= 693 t 242 3 (Ans.) ˆm.wg.| ‰i Þz`ZË g KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ 10 ˆm.wg.|
K. mswÞµ¦ eYÆbvmn wPòwU AuvK| 2
cÉk²  145 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9 L. mvgv¯¦wiGKi DœPZv wbYÆq KGiv| 4
A
M. DóxcGKi Dcvî AbymvGi mvgv¯¦wiGKi Aci KYÆ ‰es ˆÞòdj wbYÆq
E 30 KGiv| 4
45 K wPGò ABCD mvg¯¦wiGKi AB
 D C
B
D 10m
C = 12 ˆm. wg. ‰es AD = 8 10
ˆm. wg.| mvgv¯¦wiGKi Þz`ËZg 8
wPGò EA || BC, AD  BC, D®²wZ ACD = 45 ‰es DC = 10 wgUvi
KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ, BD = 10 ˆm.
K. D®²wZ ˆKvY I AebwZ ˆKvGYi msæv `vI| 2
wg.| A 12 B
L. AB evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4
M. ABC ‰i cwimxgv wbYÆq KGiv| 4
L wPGò ABCD mvgv¯¦wiGKi

AB = CD = 12 ˆm. wg., D 12 ˆm.wg. C
K D®²wZ ˆKvY: f„ZGji DcGii ˆKvb we±`y f„wgi mgv¯¦ivj îLvi mvG^
AD = BC = 8 ˆm. wg. Þz`ËZg
ˆh ˆKvY Drc®² KGi ZvGK D®²wZ ˆKvY eGj| KYÆ, BD = 10 ˆm. wg.| BD 8 ˆm.wg. 10
h
AebwZ ˆKvY: f„ZGji mgv¯¦ivj îLvi wbGPi ˆKvb we±`y f„-îLvi mvG^ KYÆ mvgv¯¦wiKwUi `ywU
ˆh ˆKvY Drc®² KGi ZvGK AebwZ ˆKvY eGj| mgvb wòfzRGÞò ABD
E A A E 12 ˆm.wg. B
L ‰es BCD ‰ wefÚ
30
KGiGQ|
8 + 10 + 12
45 ABD ‰i AaÆcwimxgv = 2
= 15 ˆm. wg.
C
B D 10 m  ABD ‰i ˆÞòdj = 15(15  12) (15  10) (15  8)
= 15 7 eMÆ ˆm. wg.
ˆÌqv AvGQ, D we±`y nGZ AB ‰i Dci jÁ¼ DE = h Uvwb
BAE = 30 ‰es EA || BC 1
‰Lb, ABD ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2  AB  DE
\ ABD = 30
1
ACD = 45, DC = 10 wgUvi =  12  h
2
AD
‰Lb, D ADC ‰ tan ACD = CD 1
cÉkg² GZ, 2  12 h = 15 7
AD
ev, tan45 = 10 ev, 6h = 15 7
15 7 L gGb Kwi, mgevü wòfzGRi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi

ev, h = 6 3
 ‰i ˆÞòdj = 4 x2 eMÆ wgUvi
 h = 6.6144 ˆm. wg. (cÉvq)
 ABCD mvgv¯¦wiKwUi DœPZv 6.6144 ˆm. wg. (Ans.) wòfzGRi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ 2 wgUvi evovGj wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj
M
 wPGò, ABCD mvgv¯¦wiGKi DœPZv = DE = CF = h =
3
(x + 2)2 eMÆ wgUvi
4
‘L’ nGZ cvB, h = 6.6144 ˆm. wg. D 12 ˆm.wg. C
3 3
BCF ‰, BC2 = CF2 + BF2 kZÆgGZ, 4 (x + 2)2 – 4 x2 = 5 3
5
ev, 82 = h2 + BF2 8 ˆm.wg. h h 3
ev, BF2 = 82  (6.6144)2 O 5 ev, 4 {(x + 2)2 – x2} = 5 3
 BF = 20.25 = 4.5 ˆm. wg. A E 12 ˆm.wg. B F ev, (x + 2)2 – x2 = 20
‰Lb, ACF ‰ AC2 = CF2 + AF2 ev, x2 + 4x + 4 – x2 = 20
ev, AC2 = h2 + (AB + BF2) ev, 4x = 20 – 4
ev, AC2 = (6.6144)2 + (12 + 4.5)2 ev, 4x = 16
16
ev, AC2 = 316 ev, x = 4
 AC = 17.776 ˆm. wg. (cÉvq)
 x = 4 wgUvi
 mvgv¯¦wiKwUi Aci KYÆ AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ 17.776 ˆm. wg. (Ans.)
3
mvgv¯¦wiKwUi ˆÞòdj = fƒwg  DœPZv  wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj = 4  42 eMÆ wgUvi
= AB  h = 4 3 eMÆ wgUvi
= 12  6.6144
= 6.9282 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
= 79.373 eMÆ ˆm. wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)

cÉk²  147 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 mgevü wòfzGRi ‰Kevü x = 4 wgUvi
8 wgUvi I 12 wgUvi evüwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiGKi Þz`ËZg KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ 10 3 3
mgevü wòfzGRi DœPZv = 2 x ‰KK = 2  4 wgUvi
wgUvi|
K. mswÞµ¦ weeiYmn wPòwU AuvK| 2 = 2 3 wgUvi
L. Aci KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4  wmwj´£vGii DœPZv h = 2 3 wgUvi
M. mvgv¯¦wiKwUi ˆÞòdj ‰KwU eGMÆi ˆÞòdGji mgvb nGj ‰es ” f„wgi eÅvmvaÆ r = 4 wgUvi
eMÆwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4
 wmwjívGii AvqZb = r2h Nb ‰KK
K m†Rbkxj 146(K) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| = 3.1416  42  2 3 Nb wgUvi
L m†Rbkxj 146(L) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| = 3.1416  16  2 3 Nb wgUvi
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, = 174.1251 NbwgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
mvgv¯¦wiKwUi f„wg AB = 12 wg.
‰es mvgv¯¦wiKwUi DœPZv DF = 6.614 wg. cÉk²  149 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8
 mvgv¯¦wiKwUi ˆÞòdj = 12  6.614 eMÆ wg. = 79.368 eMÆ wg. ‰KwU e†îÕ© AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ ‰es cÉÕ© h^vKÌGg 12 wg. ‰es 5 wg.|
eMÆwUi ˆÞòdj = 79.368 eMÆ wg. AvqZGÞò evG` e†Gîi gGaÅ AewkÓ¡ Lvwj RvqMvq Nvm jvMvGbv AvGQ|
awi, eMÆwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ = a wg. K. cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPò AsKb Ki| 2
 eMÆwUi ˆÞòdj = a2 eMÆ wg. L. e†îvKvi ˆÞGòi cwiwa wbYÆq Ki| 4
kZÆgGZ, a2 = 79.368 ev, a = 79.368 = 8.91 M. cÉwZ eMÆwgUvGi Nvm jvMvGZ 50 UvKv wnmvGe ˆgvU KZ UvKv LiP
 eMÆwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ 8.91 wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.) nGe? 4
cÉk²  148 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8 149 bs cÉ
G k² i mgvavb
K

‰KwU mgevü wòfzGRi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ 2 wgUvi evovGj ˆÞòdj 5 3
eMÆwgUvi êGo hvq| A D
K. wòfzRwUi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi nGj, wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj x 12 wgUvi
wgUvi
wgUvi
O
PjGKi gvaÅGg ˆjL| 2
12 wgUvi
5
5
L. wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4

B C
M. ˆKvGbv mge†îf„wgK wmwj´£vGii DœPZv I f„wgi eÅvmvaÆ h^vKÌGg
wòfzRwUi DœPZv I ‰K evüi Š`GNÆÅi mgvb nGj, wmwj´£viwUi
AvqZb wbYÆq Ki| 4
gGb Kwi, ABCD ‰KwU AvqZvKvi ˆÞò| hvi Š`NÆÅ AD = BC = 12
148 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb wgUvi, cÉÕ© AB = CD = 5 wgUvi ‰es KYÆ AC = BD.
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, mgevü wòfzGRi evüi Š`NÆÅ = x wgUvi AC I BD KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| ABCD AvqZvKvi
3 ˆÞòwUGK cwiGewÓ¡Z KGi O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU e†îvKvi ˆÞò AvGQ| Mvp
 mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 4 x2 eMÆ wgUvi (Ans.)
wPwn×Z AskUzKzGZ Nvm jvMvGbv nGqGQ|
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, ABCD AvqZvKvi ˆÞòwUi KYÆ AC = BD
 M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB,

 ABCD AvqZvKvi ˆÞòwUi KYÆ AC ev BD nGe e†îvKvi ˆÞòwUi AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 50 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 40 wgUvi
eÅvm| AvqZvKvi evMvGbi cwimxgv = 2(50 + 40) wgUvi
AZ‰e, ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR ˆ^GK cvB, = 2  90 wgUvi = 180 wgUvi
AC2 = AB2 + BC2  iÁ¼Gmi cwimxgv = evMvGbi cwimxgv = 180 wgUvi
= (5)2 + (12)2 [‹ AB = 5 wg.; BC = 12 wg.] D
C
= 25 + 144 = 169 O
 AC = 169 = 13
 e†îvKvi ˆÞòwUi eÅvm, AC = 13 wgUvi A
13 B
myZiv, e†îvKvi ˆÞGòi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 wg. = 6.5 wg.
gGb Kwi ABCD ‰KwU iÁ¼m, hvi `yBwU KYÆ AC ‰es BD ciÕ·i O
 e†îvKvi ˆÞGòi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
= 2  3.1416  6.5 wg.
‰es ‰KwU KYÆ BD = 54 wgUvi
= 40.84 wg. (Ans.)
cwimxgv 180
M e†îvKvi ˆÞòwUi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK
 iÁ¼Gmi evü AB = 4 = 4 wgUvi = 45 wgUvi
= 3.1416  (6.5)2 eMÆ wgUvi [L nGZ]
Avgiv Rvwb, iÁ¼Gmi KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·iGK mgGKvGY mgw«¼LwíZ KGi|
= 132.7326 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq) 1 1
 OB = BD =  54 wgUvi = 27 wgUvi
ˆÌqv AvGQ, AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi Š`NÆÅ = 12 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© = 5 wgUvi 2 2
 AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdj = (125) eMÆ wgUvi = 60 eMÆ wgUvi AOB mgGKvYx wòfzR ˆ^GK Avgiv cvB
AB2 = OA2 + OB2
 e†îvKvi ˆÞòwUi AvqZvKvi ˆÞò «¼viv AbwaK‡Z AsGki ˆÞòdj
ev, (45)2 = OA2 + (27)2
= (132.7326  60) eMÆ wgUvi
ev, OA2 = (45)2 − (27)2
= 72.7326 eMÆ wgUvi
ev, OA2 = 2025 − 729
cÉwZ eMÆ wgUvGi Nvm jvMvGZ LiP nq 50 UvKv|
ev, OA2 = 1296
 72.7326 eMÆ wgUvi Nvm jvMvGZ LiP nq
 OA = 36
(72.7326  50) UvKv = 3636.63 UvKv (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 iÁ¼Gmi Aci KYÆ AC = 2.OA [‹ O, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
= 2  36 wgUvi = 72 wgUvi
‰KwU AvqZvKvi evMvGbi ˆÞòdj 2000 eMÆwgUvi| hw` ‰i Š`NÆÅ 10 1
wgUvi Kg nq, ZGe evMvbwU eMÆvKvi nq| ‰es iÁ¼Gmi ˆÞòdj = 2  BD  AC
K. AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ©GK h^vKÌGg x wgUvi I y 1
[iÁ¼Gmi ˆÞòdj =  iÁ¼Gmi KYÆ«¼Gqi àYdj]
wgUvi aGi cÉGqvRbxq mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 2
1
L. evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4 =  54  72 eMÆwgUvi = 1944 eMÆwgUvi
2
M. hw` AvqZvKvi evMvGbi cwimxgv ˆKvGbv iÁ¼Gmi cwimxgvi
iÁ¼Gmi Aci KYÆ 72 wgUvi ‰es ˆÞòdj 1944 eMÆwgUvi| (Ans.)
mgvb nq ‰es iÁ¼Gmi Þz`ËZi KYÆwU 54 wgUvi nq, ZGe iÁ¼Gmi
Aci KYÆ ‰es ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
‰KwU e†îvKvi evMvGbi eÅvm 300 wg.| evMvGbi mxgvbv ˆNuGl evBGii w`GK
K gGb Kwi, AvqZGÞòwUi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi
5 wg. PIov ‰KwU ivÕ¦v AvGQ| cÉwZ eMÆ. wg. ivÕ¦v euvavB KiGZ LiP nq
‰es AvqZGÞòwUi cÉÕ© y wgUvi
100 UvKv ‰es cÉwZ wg. êov w`GZ LiP nq 7.50 UvKv|
 AvqZGÞòwUi ˆÞòdj = xy eMÆwgUvi
K. cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvbycvwZK wPò AuvK ‰es evMvGbi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq
cÉk²vbymvGi, xy = 2000 ‰es x − 10 = y
Ki| 2
L awi, AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ x wg. ‰es cÉÕ© y wg. L. evMvGbi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki ‰es ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
cÉkg² GZ, xy = 2000......................(i) M. ivÕ¦vwU euvavB KiGZ KZ LiP jvMGe? ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdGji mgvb
‰es y = x – 10 .......................(ii) ˆÞòdjwewkÓ¡ eMÆvKvi gvGVi PvicvGk êov w`GZ KZ LiP
 x (x – 10) = 2000 [y = x – 10, (i) bs ‰ ewmGq]
jvMGe? 4
ev, x2 – 10x – 2000 = 0 151 bs cÉ
G k² i mgvavb
ev, x2 – 50x + 40x – 2000 = 0 K
ev, x(x – 50) + 40(x – 50) = 0
ev, (x – 50) (x + 40) = 0
nq, x – 50 = 0 Aêv, x + 40 = 0
 x = 50  x = – 40 [MÉnYGhvMÅ bq]
5wg.
 evMvbwUi Š`NÆÅ 50 wg.
 (ii) bs nGZ cvB cÉÕ©, y = 50 – 10 = 40 wg. 300 wg.
 AvqZvKvi evMvbwUi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = x2 + y2
= 502 + 402
= 64.03 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans)
‰LvGb, evMvGbi eÅvm = 300 wg. 3 3
300
cÉk²gGZ, 4 (a + 1)2  4 a2 = 3
 evMvGbi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 wg. = 150 wg. (Ans.)
4 4
ev, (a + 1)2  a2 = 3  [ «¼viv àY KGi]
 3 3
e†îvKvi evMvGbi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 150 wg. ev, (a + 1 + a) (a + 1  a) = 4
 ” ” ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK ev, (2a + 1) = 4
= 3.1416  (150)2 eMÆ wg. ev, 2a = 4  1
= 3.1416  22500 " 3
= 70686 eMÆ wg. (Ans.) ev, a = 2  a = 1.5 wgUvi
‰LvGb, e†îvKvi evMvGbi evBGi ‰KwU ivÕ¦v AvGQ hvi PIov = 5 wgUvi|  wòfzRwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ 1.5 wgUvi| (Ans.)
 ivÕ¦vmn e†îvKvi evMvGbi eÅvmvaÆ, R = (150 + 5) wg. = 155 wg.
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, wòfzRwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ 1.5 wgUvi|

 ” ” ” ˆÞòdj = R2 eMÆ wg.
= 3.1416  (155)2 eMÆ wg. awi, evüi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi evovGj ‰i ˆÞòdj 7 3 eMÆwgUvi e†w«¬ cvq|
= 3.1416  24025 eMÆ wg. 3 3
 cÉk²gGZ, 4 (x + 1.5)2  4  1.52 = 7 3
= 75476.94 eMÆ wg.
myZivs ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj 7 34 4
= ivÕ¦vmn evMvGbi ˆÞòdj @ evMvGbi ˆÞòdj
ev, (x + 1.5)2  1.52 =
3 [ 3
«¼viv àY KGi ]
= (75476.94 – 70686) eMÆ wg. ev, x + 3x + 1.5  1.5 = 28
2 2 2
= 4790.94 eMÆ wg. (Ans.) ev, x2 + 3x  28 = 0

 ev, x2 + 7x  4x  28 = 0
ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = 4790.94 eMÆwgUvi ev, x(x + 7)  4(x + 7) = 0
‰LvGb, ev, (x + 7)(x  4) = 0
cÉwZ eMÆ wg. ivÕ¦v evavB KiGZ LiP nq 100 UvKv
 x =  7 Aêv, x = 4
 4790.94 ” ” ” ” ” ” (4790.94  100) ”
Š`NÆÅ FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
= 479094 UvKv (Ans.)
cÉk²vbymvGi,  evüi Š`NÆÅ 4 wgUvi evovGj ˆÞòdj 7 3 eMÆwgUvi e†w«¬ cvq| (Ans.)
eMÆvKvi gvGVi ˆÞòdj = ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = 4790.94 eMÆ wg.
 ” ” evüi Š`NÆÅ = 4790.94 wg. = 69.22 wg. cÉk²  153 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8
” ” cwimxgv = (4  69.22) wg. = 276.88 wgUvi ‰KwU AvqZGÞGòi ˆÞòdj 1050 eMÆwgUvi| hw` ‰i Š`NÆÅ 5 wgUvi Kg
‰LvGb, nZ ZvnGj ‰wU eMÆGÞò nZ|
cÉwZ wgUvi êov w`GZ LiP nq 7.50 UvKv K. Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© y wgUvi aGi `ywU cÉGqvRbxq mgxKiY
 276.88 ” ” ” ” ” (276.88  7.50) UvKv MVb Ki| 2
= 2076.6 UvKv (Ans.)
L. AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4
cÉk²  152 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8 M. AvqZGÞòwUi cwie† G îi AbwaK‡Z AsGki ˆÞòdj wbYÆ q Ki| 4
‰KwU mgevü wòfzGRi cÉwZwU evüi Š`NÆÅ 1 wgUvi evovGj ‰i ˆÞòdj 3
eMÆwgUvi êGo hvq| K
 awi, AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆ Å x wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© y wgUvi
K. wòfzRwU Aâb Ki ‰es ‰i ˆÞòdj wbYÆGqi mƒòwU wjL| 2 1g kZÆ v by m vGi, xy = 1050
L. wòfzRwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 2q kZÆvbymvGi, y = x – 5
M. wòfzRwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ KZ wgUvi evovGj ‰i ˆÞòdj 7 3 L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
eMÆwgUvi e†w«¬ cvGe? 4 xy = 1050 .............(i)
152 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ‰es y = x – 5..........(ii)
K awi, mgevü wòfzGRi cÉwZwU evüi Š`NÆÅ a wgUvi|
 y ‰i gvb (i) bs mgxKiGY ewmGq cvB,
x(x – 5) = 1050
a wg. ev, x2 – 5x – 1050 = 0
a wg.
ev, x2 – 35x + 30x – 1050 = 0
a wg. ev, x(x – 35) + 30(x – 35) = 0
 mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 4 a2 eMÆ wgUvi|
3 ev, (x – 35) (x + 30) = 0
 x – 35 = 0 Aêv, x + 30 = 0
L gGbKwi, mgevü wòfzRwUi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ = a wg.

 x = 35  x = –30
3
 ‰i ˆÞòdj = 4 a2 eMÆ wg. Bnv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY Š`NÆÅ FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
wòfzRwUi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ 1 wgUvi evovGj wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj x ‰i gvb (ii) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
3 y = 35 – 5 = 30
= (a + 1)2 eMÆ wg.
4  AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ 35 wgUvi I cÉÕ© 30 wgUvi| (Ans.)
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,
  cyKzGii ˆÞòdj = (60  2x)  (40  2x) eMÆ wgUvi
AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ = AD = BC = 35 wgUvi = (2400  80x  120x + 4x2) eMÆ wgUvi
‰es AvqZGÞGòi cÉÕ© = AB = CD = 30 wgUvi = (4x2  200x + 2400) eMÆ wgUvi
ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR nGZ cvB, A ˆÌqv AvGQ, cyKzGii ˆÞòdj evMvGbi ˆÞòdGji ‰K Z‡Zxqvsk|
D
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 2400
O  cyKzGii ˆÞòdj = 3 eMÆ wgUvi [‘K’ ˆ^GK]
= 302 + 352
= 900 + 1225 = 800 eMÆ wgUvi
B C
ev, AC2 = 2125 cÉk²gGZ, 4x2  200x + 2400 = 800
 AC = 2125 = 46.1 wgUvi (cÉvq) ev, 4x2  200x + 2400  800 = 0
1 1
 OA = AC =  46.1 wgUvi = 23.05 wgUvi (cÉvq) ev, 4x2  200x + 1600 = 0
2 2
ev, x2  50x + 400 = 0
 cwie†Gîi ˆÞòdj =   (OA)2 eMÆ ‰KK
ev, x2  40x  10x + 400 = 0
= 3.1416  (23.05)2 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)
ev, x(x  40)  10(x  40) = 0
= 3.1416  531.30 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)
ev, (x  40)(x  10) = 0
= 1669.13 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)
ev, x  40 = 0 Aêv, x  10 = 0
 AbwaK‡Z AsGki ˆÞòdj  x = 40 x = 10
= cwie†Gîi ˆÞòdj @ AvqZGÞGòi ˆÞòdj wK¯§ x = 40 MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY cyKzGii cvGoi weÕ¦vi cÉGÕ©i
= (1669.13 – 1050) eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)
mgvb ev cÉÕ© AGcÞv êwk nGZ cvGi bv|
= 619.13 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ = (60  2  10) wgUvi
= (60  20) wgUvi
= 40 wgUvi (Ans.)
Awfi evwoi mvgGb ‰KwU AvqZvKvi evMvb AvGQ hvi Š`NÆÅ 60 wgUvi
‰es cyKzGii cÉÕ© = (40  2  10) wgUvi
‰es cÉÕ© 40 wgUvi| evMvbwUi gvSLvGb mgvb cvowewkÓ¡ ‰KwU cyKzi
= (40  20) wgUvi
Lbb Kiv nGjv hvi ˆÞòdj evMvGbi ˆÞòdGji ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk| cyKzGii
= 20 wgUvi (Ans.)
cwimxgv ‰KwU eMÆvKvi ˆÞGòi cwimxgvi mgvb|
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

K. evMvGbi ˆÞòdj KZ ‰qi? 2
cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ 40 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 20 wgUvi|
L. cyKziwUi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4
 cyKzGii cwimxgv = 2(40 + 20) wgUvi
M. cÉwZwU 50 ˆm.wg. eMÆvKvi cvî w`Gq eMÆGÞòwU euvaGZ ˆgvU
= 2.60 wgUvi
KZwU cvî jvMGe? 4
= 120 wgUvi
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 60 wgUvi
  eMÆvKvi ˆÞGòi cwimxgv = 120 wgUvi
120
‰es cÉÕ© 40 wgUvi  eMÆvKvi ˆÞGòi evüi Š`NÆÅ = 4 wgUvi ev 30 wgUvi
 evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (60  40) eMÆ wgUvi
 eMÆvKvi ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdj = (30)2 eMÆ wgUvi = 900 eMÆ wgUvi
= 2400 eMÆ wgUvi 50
2400 eMÆvKvi cv^Gii evüi Š`NÆÅ = 50 ˆm.wg. = 100 wgUvi = 0.5 wgUvi
=
100
‰qi [‹ 1 ‰qi = 100 eMÆ wg.]
 eMÆvKvi cv^Gii ˆÞòdj = (0.5)2 eMÆ wgUvi = 0.25 eMÆ wgUvi
= 24 ‰qi (Ans.)
900
60 wgUvi  cv^Gii cÉGqvRb = 0.25 wU = 3600 wU| (Ans.)
L
x
x
x ‰KwU AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdj 160 eMÆ wg.| hw` ‰i Š`NÆÅ 6 wgUvi Kg nq
40 wgUvi
ZGe ˆÞòwU eMÆvKvi nq|
K. AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi Š`NÆÅGK x ‰es cÉÕ©GK y wgUvi aGi `yBwU
x mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
L. AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi ‰KwU KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. AvqZvKvi ˆÞòwUGK e†nîi evüi Pviw`GK ˆNvivGj ˆh NbeÕ§
ˆÌqv AvGQ, evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 60 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 40 wgUvi
Drc®² nq Zvi mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj I AvqZb wbYÆq Ki| 4
gGb Kwi, cyKzGii cvGoi weÕ¦vi x wgUvi|
ZvnGj, cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ = (60  2  x) wgUvi ev (60  2x) wgUvi
‰es cyKzGii cÉÕ© = (40  2  x) wgUvi ev (40  2x) wgUvi K ‰LvGb, AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ x wg. I cÉÕ© y wg.

cÉ^g kZÆgGZ,  cÉÕ© = 16  6 = 10 wg.
xy = 160 ............... (i) KYÆ = 162 + 102 wg. = 2 89 wg.
2q kZÆgGZ, = 18.87 wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
x  6 = y ............. (ii) (Ans.)
M AvqZGÞòwUGK e†nîi evüi PZzw`ÆGK NyivGj Drc®² wmwj´£vGii

L ‘K’ ‰i (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY nGZ cvB,

eÅvmvaÆ, r = 10 wg. I DœPZv, h = 16 wg.
x(x  6) = 160
ev, x2  6x  160 = 0  mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj = 2r (r + h) eMÆ ‰KK
= 2  3.1416  10 (10 + 16) eMÆ wg.
ev, x2 – 16x + 10x – 160 = 0
ev, x(x – 16) + 10(x – 16) = 0 = 1633.632 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
ev, (x – 16)(x + 10) = 0 ‰es AvqZb = r2h Nb ‰KK
nq x – 16 = 0 Aêv, x + 10 = 0 = 3.1416  102  16Nb wg.
= 5026.56 Nb wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
A^Ævr, x = 16 Aêv, x =  10
wK¯§ Š`NÆÅ FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
 AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ = 16 wg.
AaÅvq-17: cwimsLÅvb
cÉk²  236 XvKv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10 cÉk²  237 XvKv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11
ˆKvGbv Õ•zGji `kg ˆkÉwYi 40 Rb wkÞv^xÆi MwYZ welGq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i wbÁ²i…c ‰KwU Õ•zGji ˆKvGbv ˆkÉwYi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv mviwY wbÁ²i…ct@
t@ ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100
50, 46, 55, 61, 72, 85, 60, 85, 36, 68, 48, 60, 58, 70, 65, 60, 50, 46, 70,
80, 65, 60, 45, 58, 55, 60, 35, 40, 70, 90, 76, 46, 65, 60, 56, 40, 50, 65,
wkÞv^xÆ 8 12 20 25 30 15 10
68, 55 msLÅv
K. DcvîmgƒGni cwimi wbYÆq Ki| 2 K. cÉ`î DcvGîi cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 10 aGi KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi Ki| 4 L. cÉ`î DcvGîi gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. DcvîmgƒGni AvqZGjL Aâb Ki| 4 M. DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4
236 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 237 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K cÉ`î DcvGîi meÆwbÁ² bÁ¼i = 35 ‰es mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 90
 K cÉ`î mviwYGZ MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK 30 AvGQ (71 − 80) ˆkÉwYGZ, A^Ævr,

 cwimi = (90 − 35) + 1 = 56 (Dîi) cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (71 − 80)
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
 cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv = 71 (Dîi)
DcvîmgƒGni cwimi = 56
56 L
 gaÅK wbYÆGqi MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY t
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 10 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 10 = 5.6  6 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY wbÁ²i…ct 31-40 8 8
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ UÅvwjwPn× MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv 41-50 12 20
35-44 |||| 4 4 51-60 20 40
45-54 |||| ||| 8 12 61-70 25 65
55-64 |||| |||| ||| 13 25 71-80 30 95
65-74 |||| |||| 10 35 81-90 15 110
91-100 10 120
75-84 || 2 37
85-94 ||| 3 40 n = 120
n = 40 n 120
‰LvGb, n = 120 ‰es 2 = 2 = 60
M AvqZGjL AâGbi RbÅ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦mn mviwYt

ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv AZ‰e, gaÅK nGjv 60-Zg cGì gvb| 60 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb nGe
35-44 34.5 − 44.5 4 (61 − 70) ˆkÉwYGZ|
45-54 44.5 − 54.5 8 A^Ævr, gaÅK ˆkÉwY (61 − 70)|
55-64 54.5 − 64.5 13
Avgiv Rvwb,
65-74 64.5 − 74.5 10
n h ‰LvGb,
75-84
85-94
74.5 − 84.5
84.5 − 94.5
2
3
(2 )
gaÅK = L + − F  c
m L = 61
10 Fc = 40
QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwY = 61 + (60 − 40) 
25 m = 25
eÅvwµ¦i `yB ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ `yB NiGK 200
= 61 + = 61 + 8 = 69 h = 10
MYmsLÅvi ‰K ‰KK aGi AvqZGjL Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 25
34.5 chÆ¯¦ cƒeÆeZxÆ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
 gaÅK = 69 (Dîi)
M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi RbÅ mviwY t

Y ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv
31-40 35.5 8
41-50 45.5 12
10 51-60 55.5 20
61-70 65.5 25
71-80 75.5 30
81-90 85.5 15
MYmsLÅv
5 91-100 95.5 10
QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ `yBNiGK ˆkÉwY
gaÅwe±`yi ‰K ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK MYmsLÅvi ‰K
0 X
‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 25.5
34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5
chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦
35
Y
M mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:

avc wePzÅwZ
30 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv fiui
xi – a
xi fi ui =
h
25 35  39 37 2 3 6
MYmsLÅv
40  44 42 2 2 4
20 45  49 47 5 1 5
50  54 52  a 3 0 0
15 55  59 57 5 1 5
60  64 62 7 2 14
10 65  69 67 6 3 18
n = 30 iui = 22
5 f u 22
 Mo, x = a + ni i  h = 52 + 30  5 = 55.67 (Ans.)
X
0 23.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5 105.5

ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y cÉk²  239 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11
wbGP 60 Rb wkÞv^xÆi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv
nGjv :@
cÉk²  238 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
wbGP 30 Rb wkÞv^xÆi evwlÆK cixÞvq BsGiwRGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i ˆÌqv nGjv :@ MYmsLÅv 4 12 10 20 8 6
40, 35, 60, 55, 58, 45, 60, 65, 46, 50, 60, 65, 58, 60, 48, 36, 60, 50, 46, K. ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv ejGZ Kx eyS? ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZvi cwigvcàGjv
65, 55, 61, 68, 65, 50, 40, 56, 60, 65, 46 Kx Kx? 2
K. wewœQ®² I AwewœQ®² PjK ejGZ Kx eyS? 2 L. MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆ^GK gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4
L. ˆkÉwYeÅwµ¦ 5 aGi cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi KGi cÉPziK M. MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwYGZ DcÕ©vwcZ DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR
wbYÆq Ki| 4 AuvK| 4
M. mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 239 cÉ
G k² i mgvavb
238 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv : AwebÅÕ¦ DcvîmgƒnGK gvGbi KÌgvbymvGi mvRvGj
Dcvîmgƒn gvSvgvwS ˆKvGbv gvGbi KvQvKvwQ cƒéxf„Z nq| eÕ§Z
K wewœQ®² PjK: ˆh PjGKi gvb ÷aygvò cƒYÆ msLÅv nq ZvGK wewœQ®²
DcvîmgƒGni gvSvgvwS ev ˆK±`Êxq gvGbi w`GK cyéxf„Z nIqvi ‰B
PjK eGj| D`vniY: RbmsLÅv|
cÉeYZvGKB eGj ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv| mvaviYZ ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZvi
AwewœQ®² PjK: ˆh PjGKi gvb ˆhGKvGbv evÕ¦e msLÅv nGZ cvGi Zv cwigvc nGjv: 1. MvwYwZK Mo, 2. gaÅK ‰es 3. cÉPziK|
AwewœQ®² PjK| D`vniY: eqm, DœPZv, IRb| L gaÅK wbYÆGqi mviwY:
L cÉ`î DcvGî mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 68 ‰es meÆwbÁ² bÁ¼i = 35 ˆkËwY eÅwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
 cwimi = (68 – 35) + 1 = 34 45  49 4 4
34 50  54 12 16
ˆkÉwYeÅwµ¦ 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 5 = 6.8  7 55  59 10 26
MYmsLÅv mviwY: 60  64 20 46
65  69 8 54
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv 70  74 6 60
35  39 || 2 n = 60
40  44 || 2 n 60
45  49 |||| 5 ‰LvGb, n = 60 ‰es 2 = 2 = 30
50  54 ||| 3  gaÅK nGjv 30 Zg cGì gvb ‰es 30 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb nGjv
55  59 |||| 5 (60 – 64) ˆkÉwYGZ|
60  64 |||| || 7 A^Ævr, gaÅK ˆkÉwY (60 – 64)
65  69 |||| | 6 L = 60, Fc = 26, fm = 20, h = 5
n = 30
( )  fh
n
Avgiv Rvwb, gaÅK = L + 2 – Fc
m
‰LvGb, MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK 7 AvGQ (60 – 64) ˆkÉwYGZ| 5 20
= 60 + (30 – 26)  = 60 + = 60 + 1
AZ‰e, cÉPziK ˆkÉwY = (60 – 64) 20 20
= 61 (Ans.)
Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb,
f M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi mviwY:

cÉPziK = L + f +1 f  h L = 60 ˆkËwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv
1 2
2 45  49 47 4
= 60 + 5 f1 = 7 – 5 = 2
2+1 50  54 52 12
10 55  59 57 10
= 60 + f2 = 7 – 6 = 1
3 60  64 62 20
= 60 + 3.3333 h=5 65  69 67 8
= 63.33 (Ans.) 70  74 72 6
QK KvMGR X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY gaÅgvGbi Y
‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK MYmsLÅvi ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv
30
eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 42 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ
eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| 25
Y
25
20
MYmsLÅv
20
15
15 10
 MYmsLÅv
10 5
X 0 X
5 Y 29.5 35.5 41.5 47.5 53.5 59.5 65.5
 ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb
X
O 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 X
 ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y
Y
ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi 25 Rb wkÞv^xÆi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i wbÁ²i…c :
cÉk²  240 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10 75, 40, 52, 92, 87, 43, 65, 69, 73, 81, 95, 52, 66, 82, 89, 56, 47, 69, 57,
73, 84, 91, 77, 50, 62
wbGPi ‰KwU MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv nj@
K. cwimi Kx? ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 10 nGj ˆkÉwY msLÅv KZ? 2
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 30-35 36-41 42-47 48-53 54-59 60-65
L. ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 10 wbGq MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ŠZwi Ki| 4
MYmsLÅv 3 10 18 25 8 6
M. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
K. gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ² mxgv wbYÆq Ki| 2 241 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. mviwY nGZ gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4 K cwimi : Dcvî mgƒGni mGeÆvœP I meÆwbÁ² ivwki mvG^ ‰K ˆhvM KGi
M. MYmsLÅv wbGekGbi AvqZGjL AuvK| 4
cÉvµ¦ gvbGK eGj cwimi|
‰LvGb, mGeÆvœP cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 95
K
meÆwbÁ² cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 40
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
cwimi = (95  40) + 1 = 55 + 1 = 56
30-35 3 3
56
36 - 41 10 13 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 10 nGj ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 10 = 5.6  6 wU (Ans.)
42-47 18 31
48-53 25 56 L ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 10 wbGq MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY wbÁ²i…c:

54-59 8 64 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj MYmsLÅv
60-65 6 70 40  49 || | 3
n = 70 50  59 |||| 5
ˆgvU MYmsLÅv 70 60  69 |||| 5
70 |||| 4
 gaÅK
nGe 2 ev 35 Zg c`| 70  79
80  89 |||| 5
35 Zg c` AvGQ 4^Æ ˆkÉwYGZ| 90  99 ||| 3
 gaÅK ˆkÉwY (48 – 53)
M mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi cÉGqvRbxq MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY:

 gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv 48 (Ans.)
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv fi avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv  avc
L MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjbx 17 ‰i D`vniY 12 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-337
 ui wePzÅwZ (fi  ui)
M
 40  49 44.5 3 2 6
ˆkÉwY mxgv AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv MYmsLÅv 50  59 54.5 5 1 5
30-35 29.5  35.5 3 60  69 64.5a 5 0 0
36 - 41 35.5  41.5 10 70  79 74.5 4 1 4
42-47 41.5  47.5 18 80  89 84.5 5 2 10
48-53 47.5  53.5 25 90 99 94.5 3 3 9
54-59 53.5  59.5 8
ˆgvU n = 25 fiui = 12
60-65 59.5  65.5 6
 f u
 Mo x = a + ni i  h
QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ‰K ‰KK aGi X-AÞ eivei ˆkÉwYmxgv
12
‰es Y AÞ eivei MYmsLÅv wbGq AvqZGjL AvuKv nGqGQ| X-AÞ = 64.5 +  10
25
eivei ˆkÉwYmxgv 29.5 ˆ^GK ÷i‚ nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 29.5 chÆ¯¦ = 64.5 + 4.8
cƒeÆeZxÆ NiàGjv AvGQ eySGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| = 69.3 (Ans.)
ˆKvGbv Õ•zGji 10g ˆkÉwYi 25 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼iàGjv wbGP K KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY :

ˆ`qv nGjv: ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
30-35 3 3
75, 63, 63, 86, 71, 66, 75, 65, 73, 80, 83, 74, 69,
36-41 10 13
79, 77, 69, 74, 85, 72, 78, 84, 69, 75, 88, 67. 42-47 18 31
K. ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwY msLÅv wbYÆq KGiv| 2 48-53 25 56
L. mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4 54-59 8 64
60-65 6 70
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb KGiv| 4 n = 70
242 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L ‘K’ ‰i mviwY ˆ^GK MYmsLÅv mGeÆvœP 25 evi AvGQ (4853) ˆkÉwYGZ

K ‰LvGb, mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 88 ‰es meÆwbÁ² = 63
 myZivs cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (48 − 53)
 cwimi = (88 63) + 1 = 25 + 1 = 26 myZivs L = 48,
f1 = 25 − 18 = 7
26
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv nGe 5 = 5.2  6 wU (Ans.) f2 = 25 − 8 =17
h=6
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY :
 f
Avgiv Rvwb, cÉPziK = L + f +f
1
h
ˆkÉwY ˆkÉwY UÅvwj MYmsLÅv wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv 1 2
7
eÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb fi
u =
xi  a  wePzÅwZ = 48 +
7 + 17
6
i
xi h fiui 42
= 48 + = 48 + 1.75
62-66 64 |||| 4 2 8 24
67-71 69 |||| 5 1 5 = 49.75 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
72-76 74a |||| | | 7 0 0 M cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 17 ‰i D`vniY 12 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-337
77-81 79 |||| 4 1 4 cÉk²  244 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
82-86 84 |||| 4 2 8 `kg ˆkÉwYi wkÞv^ÆxGì MwYGZi bvÁ¼vi ˆ`qv nGjv:
87-91 89 | 1 3 3 61, 99, 62, 65, 98, 95, 81, 85, 90, 70,77, 80, 75, 66, 68, 69, 75, 77, 82,
n = 25 85, 87, 90, 92, 68, 70, 71, 72, 77, 78, 80, 83, 85, 75, 77, 81, 85, 75, 77,
fiui = 2
81, 78|
‰LvGb, AbywgZ ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb, a = 74
K. 5 ˆkÉwYi eÅeavb wbGq MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi KGiv| 2
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb, h = 5 ‰es ˆgvU MYmsLÅv n = 25 L. mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ wbqGg Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4
_ fiui 2 M. mviwY ˆ^GK MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvK| 4
 Mo x=a+
n
 h = 74 +  5 = 74.4 (Ans.)
25
M MYmsLÅv eüf„R AsKb : x AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZNiGK ˆkÉwY
 K cÉ`î DcvGî mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 99 ‰es meÆwbÁ² bÁ¼i = 61

eÅeavGbi gaÅwe±`yi 1 ‰KK aGi ‰es y AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi 1  cwimi = (99 – 61) + 1 = 39
NiGK MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüf„R AuvKv 39
 ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = = 7.8 » 8
5
nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 59 chÆ¯¦ cƒeÆeZxÆ NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvãv MYmsLÅv mviwY:
wPn× eÅen†Z nGqGQ| ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv
61-65 ||| 3
Y 66-70 |||| | 6
71-75 |||| | 6
10
 MYmsLÅv
76-80 |||| |||| 9

81-85 |||| |||| 9
5
86-90 ||| 3
91-95 || 2
O X 96-100 || 2
59 64 69 74 79 84 89 94
8 n = 40
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:

Y
 ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv avcwePzÅwZ fiui
xi fi xi – a
ui =
h
cÉk²  243 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11 61–65 63 3 –3 –9
wbGÁ² 70 Rb wkÞv^Æxi BsGiwRGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb ˆÌqv 66–70 68 6 –2 – 12
71–75 73 6 –1 –6
nGjv: 76–80 78a 9 0 0
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 30-35 36-41 42-47 48-53 54-59 60-65 81–85 83 9 1 9
86–90 88 3 2 6
MYmsLÅv 3 10 18 25 8 6 91–95 93 2 3 6
K. KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi KGiv| 2 96–100 98 2 4 8
n = 40 fiui = 2
L. mviwY ˆ^GK cÉPziK wbYÆq KGiv| 4
f u 2
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi gaÅK wbYÆq KGiv| 4  Mo, –x = a + ni i  h = 78 + 40  5 = 78.25 (Ans.)
M ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦ mviwYi mvnvGhÅ QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg
 M AvqZGjL AâGbi mviwY:

eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY gaÅgvGbi ‰K ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv
`yB NiGK MY msLÅvi ‰K ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv 45 − 49 44.5 − 49.5 4
nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 58 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× 50 − 54 49.5 − 54.5 8
eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| 55 − 59 54.5 − 59.5 10
60 − 64 59.5 − 64.5 20
Y
65 − 69 64.5 − 69.5 12
10 70 − 74 69.5 − 74.5 6
QK KvMGR X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅGK AwewœQ®²
 MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwY mxgvi ‰K ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅGK

5
MYmsLÅvi ‰K ‰KK aGi AvqZGjL Aâb Kiv nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y
ˆ^GK 44.5 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv
X
nGqGQ|
O 58 63 68 73 78 83 88 93 98 103 X
Y 25 Y
ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb 20
 MYmsLÅv
ˆKvGbv ˆkÉwYi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi IRGbi (ˆKwR) MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY 15
nGjv:
10
eÅvwµ¦ 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
MYmsLÅv 4 8 10 20 12 6
5
K. ˆKw±`Êq cÉeYZv Kx? ‰i wZbwU cwigvcGKi bvg wjL| 2
L. DcvGîi gaÅK I cÉPziK wbYÆq KGiv| 4 0
M. DcvGîi AvqZGjL Aâb KGiv| 4 44.5 49.5 54.5 59.5 64.5 69.5 74.5 X
245 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv
K ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv : AwebÅÕ¦ DcvîmgƒnGK gvGbi KÌgvbymvGi mvRvGj
Dcvîmgƒn gvSvgvwS ˆKvGbv gvGbi KvQvKvwQ cƒéxf„Z nq| eÕ§Z cÉk²  246 wmGjU êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
DcvîmgƒGni gvSvgvwS ev ˆK±`Êxq gvGbi w`GK cyéxf„Z nIqvi ‰B 10g ˆkÉ w Yi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æ x i MwYZ welGq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb
cÉeYZvGKB eGj ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv| mvaviYZ ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZvi mviwY ˆÌqv nGjv:
cwigvc nGjv: 1. MvwYwZK Mo, 2. gaÅK ‰es 3. cÉPziK| ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90
L gaÅK I cÉPziK wbYÆGqi mviwY: MYmsLÅv 6 8 12 22 5 7
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq KGiv| 2
45  49 4 4 L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4
50  54 8 12
10 22
M. MYmsLÅv wbGekGbi AvqZGjL Aâb KGiv| 4
55  59
60  64 20 42 246 bs cÉ G k² i mgvavb
65  69 12 54 K mviwYGZ meGPGq êwk msLÅK MYmsLÅv AvGQ, (61 − 70) ˆkÉwYGZ|

70  74 6 60 myZivs cÉPziK ˆkÉwY nGe (61 − 70)
n = 60 61 + 70
n 60  cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y =
gaÅK wbYÆq: ‰LvGb, n = 60, = = 30
2 2
2
= 65.5
A^Ævr gaÅK nGe 30 Zg cGì gvb| 30 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb nGjv L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi MYmsLÅv mviwYt

(60 − 64) ˆkÉwYGZ| AZ‰e gaÅK ˆkÉwY (60 − 64)
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv  avc
L = 60
(n )
\ gaÅK = L + 2  FC   f
m
h
31 − 40
fi
35.5
ui
6
wePzÅwZ fiui
−3 −18
5 FC = 22
= 60 + (30  22)  41 − 50 45.5 8 −2 −16
20
40 fm = 20 51 − 60 55.5 12 −1 −12
= 60 + 61 − 70 65.5 a 22 0 0
20
= 62 (Ans.) h=5 71 − 80 75.5 5 1 5
cÉPziK wbYÆq: 81 − 90 85.5 7 2 14
‰LvGb MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK evi 20 AvGQ (60  64) ˆkÉwYGZ| 60 −27
myZivs cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (60  64) ‰LvGb, AvbygvwbK Mo, a = 65.5
 L = 60 ˆkÉwY eÅeavb, h = 10
\ cÉPziK= L +  +1   h f u
1 2
Avgiv Rvwb, Mo −x = a + ni i  h
10 1 = 20  10 = 10
= 60 + 5 −27
10 + 8
= 65.5 +  10
50 2 = 20  12 = 8 60
= 60 +
18 = 65.5 − 4.5
= 62 .78 (Ans.) h=5 = 61 (Ans.)
M AvqZGjL Aâb t
 Avgiv Rvwb,
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ AwewQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv MYmsLÅv cÉPziK = L +  +1   h
 ‰LvGb,
31 − 40 30.5 − 40.5 6
1 2 L = 71
4 1 = 7 − 3 = 4
41 − 50 40.5 − 50.5 8  cÉPziK = 71 + 4 + 2  5
51 − 60 50.5 − 60.5 12 2 = 7 − 5 = 2
4 h=5
61 − 70 60.5 − 70.5 22 = 71 +  5
6
71 − 80 70.5 − 80.5 5 = 71 + 3.33
81 − 90 80.5 − 90.5 7 = 74.33
QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK 2 ‰KK aGi x-AÞ eivei AwewœQ®²  wbGYÆq
cÉPziK 74.33|
ˆkÉwYmxgv ‰es cÉwZ NiGK 1 ‰KK aGi y-AÞ eivei MYmsLÅv wbGq M ‘K’ ‰i MYmsLÅv mviwY ˆ^GK MYmsLÅv eüfzR wbYÆGqi mviwY wbGP

AvqZGjL AuvKv nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 30.5 chÆ¯¦ cƒeÆeZÆx NiàGjvGK ŠZwi Kiv nGjv :
fvãv wPn× «¼viv êvSvGbv nGqGQ| ˆkÉwYeÅwµ¦ ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv
Y 61 − 65 63 4
66 − 70 68 3
25 71 − 75 73 7
76 − 80 78 5
20 81 − 85 83 5
 MYmsLÅv
86 − 90 88 1
15
QK KvMGR x AÞ eivei ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb ‰es y AÞ eivei MYmsLÅv
10 ewmGq MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kwi|
x AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg cÉwZ ‰K NiGK 1 ‰KK ‰es y AÞ eivei
5
Þz`Z
Ë g cÉwZ 2 NiGK 1 ‰KK awi| fvãv wPn× «¼viv 58 ‰i cƒGeÆi gvb
O àGjvGK êvSvGbv nGqGQ|
30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5 X Y
 AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv
10
AvqZGjL
 MYmsLÅv
5
wbGP 25 Rb wkÞv^Æxi evwlÆK cixÞvq MwYZ welGqi cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i ˆÌqv
nGjv:
O X
67, 71, 77, 65, 72, 80, 84, 80, 61, 62, 58 63 68 73 78 83 88 93
82, 72, 81, 68, 80, 75, 64, 72, 75, 83,
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 
80, 81, 67, 74, 88
MYmsLÅv eüfzR
K. 5 ˆkÉwY eÅeavb aGi MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi KGiv| 2
L. MYmsLÅv mviwY nGZ cÉPziK wbYÆq KGiv| 4 cÉk²  248 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
M. MYmsLÅv mviwY nGZ MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvK| 4 ˆKvGbv ˆkÉwYi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi IRGbi (ˆKwR) MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY
247 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb nGjv:
K ‰LvGb, meÆwbÁ² gvb = 61 ‰es mGeÆvœP gvb = 88
 eÅvwµ¦ 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
 cwimi = (88 − 61) + 1 = 28 MYmsLÅv 4 8 10 20 12 6
28
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 5 = 5.6  6 K. ˆKw±`Êq cÉeYZv Kx? ‰i wZbwU cwigvcGKi bvg wjL| 2
L. DcvGîi gaÅK I cÉPziK wbYÆq KGiv| 4
 ˆkÉwY msLÅv nGe 6wU
M. DcvGîi AvqZGjL Aâb KGiv| 4
MYmsLÅv mviwY : 248 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ UÅvwjwPn× MYmsLÅv m†Rbkxj 101 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|
61 − 65 |||| 4 cÉk² 249 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11
66 − 70 ||| 3
71 − 75 7
`kg ˆkÉwYi 50 Rb QvGòi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i nGjv:
|||| ||
45, 50, 55, 52, 56, 58, 56, 60, 58, 60,
76 − 80 |||| 5
61, 60, 62, 60, 63, 64, 60, 61, 63, 66,
81 − 85 |||| 5 67, 61, 70, 70, 68, 60, 63, 61, 50, 55,
86 − 90 | 1 57, 56, 63, 69, 62, 56, 67, 70, 69, 70,
L ‘K’ ‰i MYmsLÅv mviwYGZ MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK 7 evi AvGQ
 69, 68, 70, 60, 56, 58, 62, 63, 64, 67|
K. ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwY msLÅv wbYÆq KGiv| 2
(71 − 75) ˆkÉwYGZ|
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4
myZivs, cÉPziK (71-75) ˆkÉwYGZ AvGQ|
M. DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvK| 4
249 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L

K cÉ`î DcvGî mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 70
 cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
1  10 2 2
‰es meÆwbÁ² bÁ¼i = 45
11  20 5 7
\ cwimi = (70  45) + 1 = 26 21  30 13 20
26
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwY msLÅv = 5 = 5.2  6wU (Dîi) 31  40 12 32
41  50 11 43
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:
 51  60 18 61
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv avc wePzÅwZ iui 61  70 5 66
71  80 4 70
gaÅgvb i
ui =
xi  a
81  90 4 74
h
xi 91  100 2 76
45-49 47 | 1 3 3 n = 76
50-54 52 ||| 3 2 6 n 76
‰LvGb, n = 76  = = 38
2 2
55-59 57 |||| ||||| 11 1 11
|||| |||| 0 AZ‰e gaÅK nGjv 38Zg cGì gvb|
60-64 62 a
|||| |||| |
21 0 38 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb (41  50) ˆkÉwYGZ| AZ‰e gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv
|||| |||| 9 (41  50)|

65-69 67 9 1
70-74 72 |||| 5 2 10
myZivs L = gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv = 41
FC = gaÅK ˆkÉwYi cƒGeÆi ˆkÉwYi KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv = 32
n= 50 fiui = 1
m = gaÅK ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv = 11 ‰es h = ˆkÉwY eÅeavb = 10
f u 1 5
\ Mo, x = a + ni i  h = 62 + 50  5 = 62  50  gaÅK = L + 2  FC  
m (n ) h
= 62  0.1 = 61.9 (Dîi) 10

= 41 + (38  32) 
M ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦ mviwYi mvnvGhÅ QK KvMGRi x-AÞ eivei Þz`Z
 Ë g 11
eGMÆi cÉwZNiGK ˆkÉwYgaÅwe±`yi ‰K ‰KK ‰es y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ = 41 + (6  1011)

NiGK MYmsLÅvi ‰K ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüf„R Aâb Kiv nGjv| = 41 + 5.45
= 46.45 (Ans.)
gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 42 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv
M AwRf îLv AâGbi cÉGqvRbxq MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY:

nGqGQ|
cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
25 Y
1  10 2 2
20 11  20 5 7
 MYmsLÅv
21  30 13 20
15 31  40 12 32
10 41  50 11 43
51  60 18 61
5 61  70 5 66
71  80 4 70
X O 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 X 81  90 4 74
Y  ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y 91  100 2 76
x-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœP mxgvi 2
‰KK ‰es y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ
cÉk² 250 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
MbmsLÅvi 2 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv AuvKv nGjv|
c`v^ÆweævGb 76 Rb wkÞv^Æxi cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY:
cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 70
MYmsLÅv 2 5 13 12 11 18 5 4 4 2 60
 KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
K. mviwY ˆ^GK cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb wbYÆq KGiv| 2 50
L. gaÅK wbYÆq KGiv| 4 40
M. DcvîàGjvi AwRf îLv AuvK| 4 30
K MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK evi 18 AvGQ (51  60) ˆkÉwYGZ| myZivs cÉPziK

 10
ˆkÉwY nGjv (51  60) 0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
51 + 60  ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv
\ cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb =
2
= 55.5 (Dîi)
cÉk² 251 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11 f u
 wbGYÆq Mo, –x = a + ni i  h
ˆkÉwY 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70
15  5
= 58 + = 58 + 1.25
MYmsLÅv 5 10 20 15 10 60
K. gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv wbYÆq KGiv| 2 = 59.25 (Ans.)
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4 M

 MYmsLÅv eüfz R AsKGbi mviwY:
M. mviwYi MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvK| 4 ˆkÉ w YeÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉ w Y gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv
46–50 48 5
51–55 53 10
K
 56–60 58 20
ˆkËwY MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv 61–65 63 15
46  50 5 5 66–70 68 10
51  55 10 15 ‰Lb MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi RbÅ X-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK
56  60 20 35 1 ‰KK aGi ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZNiGK 1 ‰KK
61  65 15 50
aGi MYmsLÅv wbGq we±`yàGjv Õ©vcb Kwi| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 43 chÆ¯¦
66  70 10 60
cƒeÆeZÆx NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
n = 60
n 60
‰LvGb n = 60 ‰es = = 30
2 2
25 Y
gaÅK nGjv 30Zg cGì gvb| 30 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb (56  60) ˆkÉwYGZ|
\ gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (56  60) AZ‰e, gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv 56  MYmsLÅv
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ MvwYwZK Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:
 15
ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y x –a
ˆkÉwY MYmsLÅv, fi ui = i h fiui
xi
46–50 48 5 –2 –10
51–55 53 10 –1 –10 5
56–60 58a 20 0 0
61–65 63 15 1 15 O
66–70 68 10 2 20 X Y 48 53 58 63 68 73 X
43
ˆgvU n = fi = 60 fiui = 15  gaÅwe±`y

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AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 1

gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ c†Ó¤v 2-77

AaÅvq-2: ˆmU I dvskb

‰LvGb B ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 3 = n (awi) B = {1, 3}, C = {2, 3}, D = {a, b, c}

AaÅvq-3: exRMvwYwZK ivwk

ev, x2 = ( 2)2 + 2. 2.1 + (1)2

L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, x2 + 2 = x4 + x–4 4 1 1 1 1 1 

1 1 cÉk²  101 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2

K. a2  ab + b2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|

AaÅvq-4: mƒPK I jMvwi`g

(A)  (BC)  (AC)

AaÅvq-6: ˆiLv, ˆKvY I wòfzR

30 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv

M cÉk²  32 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4

(2) Avevi, SA = QR M. hw` AB ˆK E chÆ¯¦ ‰es AC ˆK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kiv nq ‰es

cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv

A + B + C = 180° [wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi 1

myZivs QMFR ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|

AaÅvq-7: eÅenvwiK RÅvwgwZ

ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x I y ‰es wòfzGRi M

B I C-‰i mgw«¼LíK] 70

wbB| AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y O wbYÆq Kwi|

(1) BC = b wbB| Kivq AOC Drc®² nq| Avevi, O, D

Q, O; S, O ‰es R, O ˆhvM Kiv nj| Aâb: A, D ˆhvM Kwi|

ROS I e†îÕ© RPS ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY|

1 1 (4) ‰Lb, AOB I AOC-‰i gGaÅ

ABRC PZzfzÆRwU A¯¦wjÆwLZ nGqGQ|

Aâb: A we±`y w`Gq ˆK±`ÊMvgx AE ˆiLv Aâb Kwi|

gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| ‰i AB = 5.5 ˆm.wg., AC = 4.5 ˆm.wg.

ev, SQT = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (i)

cÉk²  242 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6

AaÅvq-9: wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZ

K. AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÉk²  144 w`bvRci ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7

cÉk²  148 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 B

K wPò ˆ^GK cvB,

L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, m – n = 4 mn.

154 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ABC ‰ B = 90, AB = 3, BC = 1

evgcÞ = m2  n2 = (tan + sin)2  (tan  sin)2 3 1 2

= 4 tan   sin  tan =

L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tanB = 3

AaÅvq-10: `ƒiZ½ I DœPZv

ev, h  x = 12 3 L gGb Kwi, mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = h wgUvi| BC = x wgUvi DœPZvq

BCD ˆ^GK cvB, tanBCD = BC

ev, 3x = 15 3 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, BC = 60 wgUvi

60 45 60

AaÅvq-11: exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ

= 4 log 3 2 10x1 = a1 + b–1

(pq ++ qr ) = pq ++2pq +q M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

AaÅvq-12: `yB PjKwewkÓ¡ mij mnmgxKiY

mgvavb AvGQ| (6, 6)

AaÅvq-13: mmxg aviv

1 5 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,

1 ev, n(n + 51) – 50(n + 51) = 0

m+1 1+y+ 1y+ 1+y 1y

 cÉ`î avivwU ‰KwU Ab¯¦ mgv¯¦i aviv| (Ans.)

AaÅvq-14: AbycvZ, m`†kZv I cÉwZmgZv

K MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 14 ‰i AbyGœQ` 14.1 ‰i “RÅvwgwZK