VECTOR ANALYSIS

VECTOR ALGEBRA
EXAMPLE 1.1
If 𝐀 = 10𝑎𝑥 − 4𝑎𝑦 + 6𝑎𝑧
and 𝐁 = 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 , find ;
(a) The component of A along 𝒂𝑦 ,
(b) The magnitude of 3𝐀 − 𝐁,
(c) The unit vector along 𝐀 + 𝟐𝐁

(a) 𝐴𝑦 = −4
(b) 35.74
(c) 0.9113𝑎𝑥 − 0.1302𝑎𝑦 + 0.3906𝑎𝑧
EXAMPLE 1.2
Points P and Q are located at (0,2,4) and
(−3,1,5). Calculate
(a)The position vector P
(b) The distance vector from P to Q
(c) The distance between P and Q
(d) A vector parallel to PQ with magnitude 10

(a) 𝐫𝑃 = 2𝑎𝑦 + 4𝑎𝑧

(b) 𝐫𝑃𝑄 = −3𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧
(c) 3.317 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
(d) 𝐀 = ±(−9.045𝑎𝑥 − 3.015𝑎𝑦 + 3.015𝑎𝑧 )
EXAMPLE 1.4
Given vectors
𝐀 = 3𝑎𝑥 + 4𝑎𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧
and 𝐁 = 2𝑎𝑦 − 5𝑎𝑧 ,
find the angle between A and B.

83.73˚
EXAMPLE 1.5
Three field quantities are given by
𝐏 = 2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑧
𝐐 = 2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 + 2𝑎𝑧
𝐑 = 2𝑎𝑥 − 3𝑎𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧
Determine:
a. (𝐏 + 𝐐) × (𝐏 − 𝐐)
b. 𝐐•𝐑×𝐏
c. 𝐏•𝐐×𝐑
d. sin 𝜃𝑄𝑅
e. 𝐏 × (𝐐 × 𝐑)
f. A unit vector perpendicular to both Q and R
g. The component of P along Q
EXAMPLE 1.5

a. 2𝑎𝑥 + 12𝑎𝑦 + 4𝑎𝑧

b. 14
c. 14
d. 0.5976
e. (2,3,4)
f. ± 0.745,0.298, −0.596
g. 0.4444𝑎𝑥 − 0.2222𝑎𝑦 + 0.4444𝑎𝑧
EXAMPLE 1.6
Show that vectors 𝐚 = (4, 0, −1), 𝐛 = (1, 3, 4),
and 𝐜 = −5, −3, −3 form the sides of a
triangle. Is this a right triangle? Calculate the
area of the triangle.

Yes, 10.5
EXAMPLE 1.7
Show that points 𝑃1 5, 2, −4 , 𝑃2 1, 1, 2 , and
𝑃3 −3, 0, 8 all lie on a straight line. Determine
the shortest distance between the line and
point 𝑃4 3, −1, 0

Yes, 2.426
 COORDINATE
SYSTEM
TRANSFORMATION
EXAMPLE 2.1
Given point P(−2, 6, 3) and vector
𝐀 = 𝑦𝑎𝑥 + ( 𝑥 + 𝑧)𝑎𝑦
coordinates. Evaluate A at P in the Cartesian,
cylindrical.
EXAMPLE 2.2
Express vector

In Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates.

Find B(−3,4,0) and B(5, π , −2)

Yes, 2.426
 VECTOR
CALCULUS
EXAMPLE 3.1
Consider the object shown.
Calculate:
a) The distance BC
b) The distance CD
c) The surface area ABCD
d) The surface area ABO
e) The surface area AOFD
f) The volume ABDCFO

a) 10 d) 6.25 π
b) 2.5 π e) 50
c) 25 π f) 62.5 π
EXAMPLE 3.2
Given 𝐅 = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥𝑧𝑎𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑎𝑧 , calculate the
circulation of F around a closed path shown.

𝟏
𝐅 • 𝑑𝐥 = −
𝐿 𝟔
EXAMPLE 3.3
Find the gradient of the following scalar
fields:
a) 𝑉 = 𝑒 −𝑧 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑦
b) 𝑈 = 𝜌2 𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑠2∅
2
c) 𝑊 = 10𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
EXAMPLE 3.6
Find the divergence of these vector fields:
2
a) 𝐏 = 𝑥 𝑦𝑧𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥𝑧𝑎𝑧
b) 𝐐 = 𝜌𝑠𝑖𝑛∅𝑎𝜌 + 𝜌2 𝑧𝑎∅ + 𝑧𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑎𝑧
1
c) 𝐓 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑎𝑟 + 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠∅𝑎𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑎∅
𝑟

a) 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥
b) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
c) 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅