Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن ﻣﺻدر‬ I I ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾرﻋن‬- always
‫اﻟﻔﻌل ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ You you Habit ‫ ﻋﺎدة‬-١ usually
don’t Do

‫ﻣــﺼــﺪر اﻟــــــــﻔــﻌﻞ‬
‫ ﻣﻊ‬ies, es, s We we - I get up at 6 often
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
he , she , it They they o'clock. sometimes
‫أو اﻻﺳم اﻟﻣﻔرد‬
Fact ‫ ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ‬-٢ not often
ies,es,s ‫وﺑدون‬ He he - The moon rarely
‫ﻣــــﻊ‬ She doesn’t Does she
I,you,we,they moves round never
It ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ it the Earth. every
‫أو اﻻﺳم اﻟﺟﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣظــــــــــﺎت‬
( es ) ‫ ( ﻧﺿﯾف ﻟـﮫ‬ss – sh – ch – o –x ) ‫( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑـــ‬١
cross → crosses wash →washes watch →watches
go → goes fix → fixes
( ies ) ‫ ( وﻧﺿﻊ‬y )‫ ﻧﺣذف‬، ‫ ( ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ً ﺑﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛن‬y ) ‫( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف‬٢
study → studies worry → worries fly → flies
( a – e – i – o – u ) ‫ ( ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ً ﺑﺣرف ﻣﺗﺣرك‬y ) ‫( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف‬٣
play → plays say → says ( s ) ‫ﻧﺿـــﻊ‬
enjoy → enjoys buy → buys
:‫( ﯾُﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﺑﻌد اﻟرواﺑط اﻟزﻣﻧﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬٤
when, after, before, as soon as, if, unless, till, until
when,after,before,
as soon as, till, present simple + future (will / be going to)inf.
until, if, unless ‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬+ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
- As soon as I return home, I’ll give you a ring.
- We are going to return home after we finish the meeting.
:‫( ﯾُﺣول زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻰ‬٥
( object + am, is, are + pp )
Active : The servant washes the car everyday.
Passive: The car is washed everyday by the servant.
The Pearl ١ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺗﻛون ﻣن‬ I I ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾرﻋن‬- in

‫ﻣــﺼــﺪر اﻟــــــــﻔــﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺗﺻرﯾف اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ‬ He he ‫ﺣدث ﺑدأ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬ yesterday
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌل ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ She she .‫واﻧﺗﮭﻰ‬ ago
ied, ed, d It didn’t Did it - We saw the last
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ You ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬ you film two days once
‫ اﻟﻣﻧﺗظﻣﺔ واﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬We we ago. one day
‫اﻟﺷﺎذة ﺗُﺣﻔظ‬ They they ‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬- in the past
.‫واﻧﺗﮭت‬
‫ﻣـﻼﺣظــــــــــﺎت‬
( d ) ‫ ( ﻧﺿــﻊ ﻟﮫ‬e ) ‫( اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف‬١
like → liked live → lived arrive → arrived
( ied ) ‫ ( وﻧﺿﻊ‬y )‫ ﻧﺣذف‬، ‫ ( ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ً ﺑﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛن‬y ) ‫( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف‬٢
study → studied cry → cried marry → married
( a – e – i – o – u ) ‫ ( ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ً ﺑﺣرف ﻣﺗﺣرك‬y ) ‫( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف‬٣
(ed) ‫ﻧﺿــﻊ‬
play → played enjoy → enjoyed stay → stayed
(ed) ‫( إ ذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛن ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ً ﺑﺣرف ﻣﺗﺣرك ﯾُﺿﺎﻋَف اﻟﺳﺎﻛن وﻧﺿـــﻊ‬٤
travel → travelled stop → stopped clap → clapped
:‫( ﯾُﺣول زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻰ‬٥
( object + was, were + pp )
Active : The servant washed the car.
Passive: The car was washed by the servant.
-:‫( ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط ﻣﻊ اﻟرواﺑط اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬٦
When he arrived, we were
When ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺳﯾط‬
having dinner. ‫ﺣدث ﻗطﻌﮫ ﺣدث آﺧر‬
When the doctor arrived, the
When ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺳﯾط ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺳﯾط‬
patient died. ‫اﻟﺣدﺛﺎن ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟوﻗت‬
When
When the doctor had arrived,
After ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺳﯾط‬
the patient died. ً‫ﺻل َ اﻟدﻛﺗور أوﻻ‬َ ‫َو‬
As soon as
When
When the doctor arrived, the
Before ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬
patient had died. ُ ‫ﻣﺎتَ اﻟﻣرﯾض أوﻻ‬
By the time
The Pearl ٢ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ‬
I am I am not Am I ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾرﻋن‬- - Look
( ing + ‫) اﻟﻔـــــــــﻌﻞ‬

( ing + ‫) اﻟﻔـــــــــﻌﻞ‬

( ing + ‫) اﻟﻔـــــــــﻌﻞ‬
‫ ﺣدث ﯾﻘﻊ اﻵن‬-١ - Listen
He He he - He's eating. - Now
She is She isn’t Is she -at present
It It it ‫ ﺣدث ﺗم اﻟﺗﺧطﯾط‬-٢ - at the
‫ ﻟﻠﻘﯾﺎم ﺑﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬moment
You You you - I'm going to - at the
We are We aren’t Are we Luxor next
They They they present
week. time
‫ﻣـﻼﺣظــــــــــﺎت‬
-: ‫ ( ﻣِﺛل‬ing ) ‫ ( وﻧﺿـﻊ‬e ) ‫ ﻧﺣذف‬، ( e ) ‫( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف‬١
bake → baking come → coming live → living
make → making ride → riding take → taking
drive → driving give → giving have → having
be → being see → seeing -: ‫ ﻣﺎﻋــدا‬-
( a – e – i – o – u )‫( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛن ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ً ﺑﺣرف ﻣﺗﺣرك واﺣد‬٢
-: ‫ ( ﻣِﺛـل‬ing ) ‫ﯾُﻛرر اﻟﺣرف اﻷﺧﯾر وﻧﺿﻊ‬
cut → cutting put → putting get → getting
shop →shopping run→ running swim → swimming
: ‫ ﻣـﺎﻋـدا‬-
remember →remembering visit → visiting listen → listening
happen → happening enjoy → enjoying snow → snowing
-: ‫ ( ﻣِﺛـل‬ing )‫ ﻧﺿﻊ‬، ‫( إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌل ﯾﻧﺗﮭﻲ ﺑﺣرف ﺳﺎﻛن ﻣﺳﺑوﻗﺎ ً ﺑﺣرﻓﺎن ﻣﺗﺣرﻛﺎن‬٣
eat → eating read → reading need → needing

:‫( ﯾُﺣول زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻰ‬٤

( object + am, is, are + being + pp )
Active : The government is building many cities in the desert.
Passive: Many cities are being built in the desert.

The Pearl ٣ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ‬
I I I ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾرﻋن‬- - While

( ing + ‫) اﻟﻔـــــــــﻌﻞ‬
( ing + ‫) اﻟﻔـــــــــﻌﻞ‬

( ing + ‫) اﻟﻔـــــــــﻌﻞ‬
He He he ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮاً ﻓﻲ‬-١ - AS
She was She wasn’t Was she .‫ وﻗﺖ ﻣُﻌﯿﱠﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬- Just as
It It it - When
ً‫ ﺣﺪث ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا‬-٢
you ُ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ و ﻗﻄﻌﮫ‬
You You .‫ﺣﺪث ﻣﺎﺿﻲ آﺧــﺮ‬
We were We weren’t Were we
They they ‫ ﺣﺪﺛﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯿﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ‬-٣
They
.‫ﯾﺤﺪﺛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻣـﻼﺣظــــــــــﺎت‬
-: ‫( ﯾُﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮاً ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﻣُﻌﯿﱠﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬١
* Ex : - He was watching TV at 9 o'clock yesterday.

-:‫( ﯾُﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻛﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮاً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ و ﻗﻄﻌﮫُ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺎﺿﻲ آﺧــﺮ‬٢

While – As – Just as Past continuous , Past simple

‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
* Ex : - While we were playing, it rained.
Past continuous while – as – just as Past simple
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
* Ex : - My brother came while I was studying.

→ ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬, When

→ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
* Ex : - When I saw Ali , he was driving home.

‫→ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ when → ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬

* Ex : - Adel was watching the match when the light went out.

-:‫( ﯾُﻌﺑر ﻋن ﺣدﺛﯾن ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺳﺗﻣرﯾن ﻓﻲ وﻗت واﺣد وﻧﺳﺗﺧدم اﻵﺗـﻲ‬٣

While – As – Just as Past continuous , Past continuous
‫ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
* Ex : - I was doing my homework while my brother was playing.
The Pearl ٤ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
(v+ ing) ‫( ﺑدون ﻓﺎﻋل )ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ أﺛﻧﺎء( ﻧﺳﺗﺧدم‬while / as / just as) ‫( ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﻌد‬٤
* Ex : - While playing tennis, I fell down.
- While doing his homework, he broke his pen.

(noun /noun phrase) ‫ وﻟﻛن ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ‬while ‫ ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ أﺛﻧﺎء ﻣﻛﺎن‬during ‫( ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم‬٥

* Ex : - During the match, the light went out.

- My friend visited us during lunch.
- She got lost during her visit to the zoo.
- During his sleep, his money was stolen.

‫( ﺗذﻛـر أن اﻟﺣدث اﻟذى ﯾﺳﺗﻐرق وﻗت أطول ﯾﻛون ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر ﺑﻐض اﻟﻧظر ﻋن ﻣوﻗﻊ‬٦
-: ‫ ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺳواء ﻛﺎن ﻗﺑﻠﮭﺎ أم ﺑﻌدھﺎ‬when )
* Ex : - When I was studying, my father arrived.
- When my father arrived, I was studying.
- Ali heard a loud crash when he was eating pizza.
:‫( ﯾُﺣول زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻰ‬٧
( object + was, were + being + pp )
Active : She was changing the curtains.
Passive: The curtains were being changed by her.

-:‫( ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ‬٨

 I was watching TV at 9 o'clock yesterday.

‫ ﻓــﻰ ﺗﻤــﺎم اﻟﺴــﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺳــﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﺎرﺣــﺔ ﻛﻨــﺖ أﺷــﺎھﺪ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳــﻮن أى أن ﺣــﺪث‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎھﺪة ﻛﺎن ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‬

 I watched TV at 9 o'clock yesterday.

.‫ ﻓﻰ ﺗﻤﺎم اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﺎرﺣﺔ اﻧﺘﮫﯿﺖُ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎھﺪة اﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن‬

The Pearl ٥ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words

‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ‬
I I I .‫ اﺗﺧﺎذ ﻗرار ﺳرﯾﻊ‬-١ - tomorrow

won’t + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬
He He he ‫ ﺗﻧﺑؤ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬-٢
will + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬

.‫ﺑدون دﻟﯾل‬ - next

She She she

‫اﻟـﻣـﺻـدر‬
.‫ ﺣﻘﺎﺋق ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﯾﺔ‬-٣
It It Will it .‫ ﻋرض ﺧدﻣﺔ‬-٤
- soon
You You you .‫ طـﻠـب ﺧدﻣﺔ‬-٥ - in the
We We we .‫ ﺗرﺗﯾﺑﺎت‬-٦
They They they .‫ اﻟﺗﮭدﯾد‬-٧ future

1 - There is no sugar. I'll buy some.

2 - Man will live under the sea.
3 - Next year, I will be 17 years old
4 - I'll make dinner tonight.
5 - Will you open the door?
6 - I'll meet you tonight.
7 - If you do that again, I'll phone the police.
:‫ ﯾُﺣول زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻰ‬
( object + will + be + pp )
Active : She will clean the kitchen.
Passive: The kitchen will be cleaned.
Form Negative Interrogative Usage Key words
‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ‬
I am I am not Am I ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾرﻋن‬- - tomorrow
‫ اﻟﻨﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬-١
going to + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬

going to + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬

going to + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬

.‫ ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬- next

He He he - I am going to
She is She isn’t Is she visit Rome next
- soon
It It it week. - in the
‫ ﺗﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻤﺎ ﺳﻮف ﯾﺤﺪث‬-٢
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬ future
You You you
We are We aren’t Are we .‫دﻟﯿﻞ اﻵن‬
- It's really dark.
They They they I think it’s going
to rain.
:‫ ﯾُﺣول زﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﻘرﯾب اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻰ‬
( object + am, is, are going to + be + pp )
Active : She is going to clean the kitchen.
Passive: The kitchen is going to be cleaned.
The Pearl ٦ 3rd Prep Second Term
‫‪Final Revision‬‬ ‫‪Mr Sayed Ouf‬‬

‫‪Form‬‬ ‫‪Negative‬‬ ‫‪Interrogative‬‬ ‫‪Usage‬‬ ‫‪Key words‬‬

‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ - - ever‬ﯾُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾرﻋن‬
‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪ -١ - never‬ﺣدث وﻗـﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪have‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ وﻟﮫ أﺛـر ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪You‬‬ ‫‪have You not‬‬ ‫‪Have you pp‬‬ ‫اﻟوﻗت اﻟﺣﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪- just‬‬
‫‪We‬‬ ‫‪pp We‬‬ ‫‪we‬‬
‫‪pp‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺣدث ﺗم ﻣﻧذ وﻗت‬ ‫‪- already‬‬
‫‪They‬‬ ‫‪They‬‬ ‫‪they‬‬ ‫ﻗرﯾب ﺟداً وﯾُﺳﺗﺧدم‬
‫ﻣﻊ‪just, already‬‬ ‫‪- since‬‬
‫‪recently‬‬ ‫‪- for‬‬
‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬ ‫‪he‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺣدث ﺑـدأ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪- yet‬‬
‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪has‬‬ ‫‪She‬‬ ‫‪not‬‬ ‫‪Has she pp‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ واﺳﺗﻣر ﺣﺗﻰ‬
‫‪pp‬‬ ‫اﻟﺣﺎﺿر وﻗد ﯾﺳﺗﻣر‬ ‫‪- lately‬‬
‫‪It‬‬ ‫‪It‬‬ ‫‪pp‬‬ ‫‪it‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬ ‫‪- recently‬‬
‫ﻣــﻊ ‪since ,for‬‬
‫ﻣـﻼﺣظــــــــــﺎت‬
‫‪1 – ever‬‬ ‫"ﻣِن ﻗﺑل" ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺳؤال‪ ،‬واﻹﺛﺑﺎت ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺻوى‪ ،‬وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑل ‪pp‬‬
‫‪2 – never‬‬ ‫"أﺑـداً" ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‪ ،‬وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑل ‪pp‬‬
‫‪3 – just‬‬ ‫"ﺣــﺎﻻً" ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻹﺛﺑﺎت واﻟﺳؤال‪ ،‬وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑل ‪pp‬‬
‫‪4 – already‬‬ ‫"ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻌل" ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻹﺛﺑﺎت واﻟﺳؤال‪ ،‬وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑل ‪pp‬‬
‫‪5 – since‬‬ ‫"ﻣُـﻧذ" ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻹﺛﺑﺎت واﻟﻧﻔﻲ وﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ زﻣن ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﺣدث‪.‬‬
‫‪6 – for‬‬ ‫"ﻟﻣـدة" ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻹﺛﺑﺎت واﻟﻧﻔﻲ وﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻓﺗرة زﻣﻧﯾﺔ ﻣُﺣددة‪.‬‬
‫‪7 – yet‬‬ ‫"ﺣﺗﻰ اﻵن" ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺳؤال واﻟﻧﻔﻲ وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪8 – recently / lately‬‬ ‫"ﺣدﯾﺛﺎ ً" ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻹﺛﺑﺎت واﻟﻧﻔﻰ واﻟﺳؤال وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪since‬‬ ‫‪2000 – summer – March – Sunday –7 o'clock- his arrival‬‬
‫ﻣﻧذ‬ ‫‪last (week – year – month ) – I was 12 years old – then‬‬
‫‪11 years – 10 months – 9 weeks – 8 days – 7 hours‬‬
‫‪for‬‬ ‫‪5 minutes – a day / a year – an hour – a long time - ever‬‬
‫ﻟﻣدة‬ ‫‪ages – the last month‬‬
‫‪* have / has been to + place‬‬ ‫ذھب اﻟﻰ ﻣﻛﺎن ﻣﺎ وﻋﺎد‬
‫‪* have / has gone to + place‬‬ ‫ذھب اﻟﻰ ﻣﻛﺎن ﻣﺎ )أو ﻓﻰ طرﯾﻘﮫ إﻟﯾﺔ( وﻟم ﯾﻌد‬
‫‪- He has been to London. = He went to London and came back.‬‬
‫‪- He has gone to London. = He is in London now.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾُﺣول زﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺗﺎم اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪( object + have, has + been + pp‬‬
‫‪Active : I have bought a new car.‬‬
‫‪Passive: A new car has been bought by me.‬‬
‫‪The Pearl‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪3rd Prep Second Term‬‬
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Form Negative Interrogative

Key wordsUsage
‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫اﻹﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻹﺳﺗﺧدام‬
I I I - After
He He he ‫ﯾُﺳﺗﺧدم‬ - When
She She she ‫ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن‬- As soon
as
It had pp It hadn’t pp Had it pp ‫ ﺷﻰء ﺣدث‬- Before
You You you ‫ إﻛﺗﻣل‬/‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬- By the
We We we ‫ﻗﺑل ﺣدوث‬ time
They They they ‫ ﺷﻰء آﺧر‬- till
- until
‫ﻣـﻼﺣظــــــــــﺎت‬
‫( إذا وﺟد ﺣدﺛﯾن ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺣدث اﻷول )اﻟذى ﺗ م أوﻻً( ﯾوﺿ ﻊ ﻓ ﻰ اﻟﻣﺎﺿ ﻰ اﻟﺗ ﺎم وﯾﺑﻘ ﻰ‬١
‫اﻟﺣدث اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬
After / As soon as / When ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬+ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺳﯾط‬
Before / By the time ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺳﯾط‬+ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺳﯾط ﻣﻧﻔﻰ‬ till / until ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺗﺎم‬

:‫ ﻓﻰ اﻷﻣﺛﻠﺔ اﻵﺗﯾﺔ‬when ‫ وﻟﻛن ﻻﺣظ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺗﺎم ﻣﻊ‬

- When they reached the station, the train had left.
It means that they missed it.
- When they had reached the station, the train left.
It means that they took it.
- When they reached the station, the train left.
It means that they reached when / the moment the train left.

( V + ing ) or ( n.) ‫ ﻧﺿﻊ‬After / Before ‫( إذا ﻟم ﯾوﺟد ﻓﺎﻋل ﺑﻌد‬٢

After → V + ing / n. → ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬
Before → V + ing / n. → ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬
- After reading the story, I visited my friend.
- I had read the story before visiting my friend
:‫( ﯾُﺣول زﻣن اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺗﺎم اﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻰ‬٣
( object + had + been + pp )
Active : We had done the homework.
Passive: The homework had been done by us.

The Pearl ٨ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Statement ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ‬

.‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ وﻓﻌﻞ‬
-: ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻧﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬
-: ‫( ﻳﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬١
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
say say say to tell + ƟƳƌƖƧ
says says says to tells + ƟƳƌƖƧ
said said said to told + ƟƳƌƖƧ
.‫ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ و ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء ﻋﻨﮫﺎ‬that ‫( اﻷﻗﻮاس ﺗُﺤﺬف وﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬٢
‫( ﺗُﺤﻮل اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺳﻮاء ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑـﻪ أو اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿـﺔ ﺑﺤﯿـﺚ ﺗﻌـﻮد‬٣
:‫وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻲ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ واﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺧﺎرج اﻷﻗﻮاس ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬
I he, she me him, her my his, her
we they us them our their
‫ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ واﻟﻈﺮوف وأﺳﻤﺎء‬said / said to ‫( إذا ﻛﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬٤
:‫اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
Direct Indirect
Present simple ( go / goes) Past simple ( went )
Present continuous (is going) Past continuous ( was going )
Present perfect (has gone ) Past perfect ( had gone )
Past simple ( went ) Past simple / perfect (went/had gone)
shall, will, can, may + inf. should, would, could, might + inf.
must, have to, has to + inf had to + inf
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
this that tomorrow the following (next) day
these those the following (week)
next (week)
here there the (week) after
now then the day before
yesterday
today that day the pervious day
tonight that night the (week) before

The Pearl ٩ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
ago before last (week) the pervious week
1. He said to me, “I went to the zoo yesterday.”
………………………………………………………………………………...
2. She said, “I'm doing my homework now.”
………………………………………………………………………………...
3. He said “I'll buy a car.”
………………………………………………………………………………...
4. He said to her “ I’m here to help you.”
………………………………………………………………………………...

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫ إذا ﻛــﺎن ﻓﻌــﻞ اﻟﻘــﻮل ﻓــﻰ زﻣــﻦ اﻟﻤﻀــﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴــﯿﻂ أو اﻟﻤﺴــﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴــﯿﻂ ﻓــﺈن‬-١
‫ وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻀـﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬،‫اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ واﻟﻈﺮوف وأﺳﻤﺎء اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
.‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬
5. She says ,” I usually visit my grandma every week.“
……………………………………………………………………………….
‫ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐ ﯿﺮ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ أو ﺣﺪث ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻗﺼـﯿﺮة‬-٢
.‫ﺟﺪا أو أن اﻟﺤﺪث داﺋﻢ وﻣﺘﻜﺮر‬
6. He said “ the earth is round.“
………………………………………………………………………………...

‫ وإذا‬.‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺐ داﺧﻞ اﻷﻗﻮاس ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘـﻮل ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳـﻞ‬-٣
‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ‬he said ‫ أو‬said he ‫ﺟﺎءت ﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮل ﻓﻲ آﺧﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮرة‬
.‫ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﮫﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
7. “ I want to dine with you Shaimaa .”, said Faten .
………………………………………………………………………………...

: ‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﻼم ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ‬said / told ‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ‬-٤
answered / replied / reported
said & told ‫ ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﺨﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﻦ‬-٥

said + ƟƋỸƕ+ Ɵƌƕ....... told + ƟƳƌƖƧ+ ƟƋỸƕ+ Ɵƌƕ

1) Ali ( said – told ) Emad that he might come the next day.
2) She ( told – said ) us she had met the manager the day before.
3) He ( said – told ) his father was ill.

The Pearl ١٠ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
4) Adel ( said – told ) he could speak French.

Reported Questions ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻹﺳﺘﻔﮫﺎﻣﯿﺔ‬

.‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻹﺳﺘﻔﮫﺎﻣﯿﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ أو أداة اﺳﺘﻔﮫﺎم‬
-: ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻹﺳﺘﻔﮫﺎﻣﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻧﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻵﺗﯿﺔ‬
-: ‫( ﻳﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﻮل ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬١
Direct Indirect Direct Indirect
say ask say to ask + ƟƳƌƖƧ
says asks says to asks + ƟƳƌƖƧ
said asked said to asked + ƟƳƌƖƧ
‫ ﻟﻠــﺮﺑﻂ إذا ﺑــﺪأ اﻟﺴــﺆال ﺑﻔﻌــﻞ‬if / whether ‫( اﻷﻗــﻮاس ﺗُﺤــﺬف وﻧﺴــﺘﺨﺪم‬٢
‫ وﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬، ‫ أﻣﺎ إذا ﺑﺪأ اﻟﺴﺆال ﺑﺄداة اﺳﺘﻔﮫﺎم ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮫﺎ ﻛﺄداة رﺑﻂ‬،‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
.‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺛﻢ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺛﻢ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ asked + if /Wh. + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
: ‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﻼم ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ask ‫ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻠﻤﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻏﯿﺮ‬-
want to know / wonder
.‫( ﻧﺘﺒﻊ إﺟﺮاءات وﺟﺪاول اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ذﻛﺮھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ‬٣
1. Ali said to his friend , “ why were you absent yesterday?”
………….…………………………………………………………………….
2. “Are you coming to the party?” ( she asked me )
………….…………………………………………………………………….
3. Did you get a computer? ( He asked )
………….…………………………………………………………………….
4. He said to her “Have you done your homework?” ( He wondered )
………….…………………………………………………………………….
5. He said “What is your name?” ( He asked )
………….…………………………………………………………………….

The Pearl ١١ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Order, Request and Advice

‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﺔ أو اﻟﻄﻠﺐ أو اﻟﻨﺼﯿﺤﺔ‬

-: ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻧﺘﺒﻊ اﻷﺗﻰ‬

-:‫ ﯾﺗﺣوﯾل ﻓﻌل اﻟﻘول اﻟﻰ‬
said to – said  asked - ordered - told - advised
.‫ ﺛم ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬not to ‫ واﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﻔﯾﺔ ﺑــ‬to ‫ ﻧرﺑط اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﮫ ﺑــ‬
 He asked me to / not to + ‫اﻟﻣﺻدر‬
1. My teacher said, “ Study hard to succeed.”
(advised me)
………….…………………………………………………………………….
2. Hazem said, “ Go home, Mona.“ (told)
………….…………………………………………………………………….
3. He said, “ Don’t play with matches.”
(He told me)
………….…………………………………………………………………….
4. He said to me " Open the door and don't close the window."
(He ordered)
………….…………………………………………………………………….

The Pearl ١٢ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

A clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a verb

and, which is part of a sentence.
‫ واﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ‬،‫ھﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ وﻓﻌﻞ‬
.‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
- She came home when she was tired.
- She came home and she was tired are both clauses. Here, they
are joined by when.
A relative clause is a group of words containing a verb which
describe something or somebody. It comes after the noun it is
describing.
ً‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ ھﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ وھﻰ ﺗﺼـﻒ ﺷـﯿﺌﺎ‬
.‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﮫﺎ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬى ﻳُﻮﺻَﻒ‬،‫ﻣﺎ أو ﺷﺨﺼﺎً ﻣﺎ‬
- This is the bag which I bought last week.
- The man who lives next door is very rich.
-:‫ وﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺻﻞ اﻵﺗﯿﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ‬-
Who (that) for people (‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗل )ﻓﺎﻋل أو ﻣﻔﻌول‬
Whom for people (‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗل )ﻣﻔﻌول‬
Which (that) for things or animals (‫ﻟﻸﺷﯾﺎء أو اﻟﺣﯾواﻧﺎت )ﻓﺎﻋل أو ﻣﻔﻌول‬
Where for places ‫ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻛن‬
When a period of time ‫ﻓﺗر ة أو ﻣدة زﻣﻧﯾﺔ‬
Whose possessive ‫ﺿﻣﯾر اﻟﻣﻠﻛﯾﺔ‬

Who \ That
.‫( ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ وﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺰﻓﮫﺎ‬١
1) That is the scientist. He won the Noble Prize.
- That is the scientist who / that won the Noble Prize.
2) The girl is my daughter. She got the medal.
- The girl who\ that got the medal is my daughter.
‫( ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻳـﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌـﺪھﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ وﻳﻤﻜـﻦ ﺣﺰﻓﮫـﺎ وﺗُﻔﮫـﻢ ﻣـﻦ‬٢
.‫ﺳﯿﺎق اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
The Pearl ١٣ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
3) The man is my uncle. You met him yesterday.
- The man whom \ who \ that\ you met yesterday is my uncle.
- The man you met yesterday is my uncle.
4) That is the man . You are talking about him.
- That is the man whom \ who \ that you are talking about.
- That is the man you are talking about.
- That is the man about whom you are talking.
Which \ That
.‫( ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ وﻻﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺰﻓﮫﺎ‬١
1) We bought a new car. It is very expensive.
- We bought a new car which \ that is very expensive.
2) The books are mine. They are on the shelf.
- The books which \ that are on the shelf are mine..
‫( ﺗﺤ ﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ وﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺰﻓﮫﺎ وﺗُﻔﮫﻢ ﻣﻦ‬٢
.‫ﺳﯿﺎق اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
3) He bought a new car. He made an accident with it.
- He bought a new car which \ that he made an accident with.
- He bought a new car he made an accident with.
- He bought a new car with which he made an accident.
4) The train left at ten o'clock. We caught the train.
- The train which \ that we caught left at ten o'clock.
- The train we caught left at ten o'clock.

Whose
‫( ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬his – her – their – its) ‫( ﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬١
1) This is our neighbour. His son is a doctor.
- This is our neighbour whose son is a doctor.

2) Mr Ahmed is our neighbour. His son is a doctor.

- Mr Ahmed, whose son is a doctor, is our neighbour.

3) I met the boy. The boy’s father was killed.

The Pearl ١٤ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
- I met the boy whose father was killed.

4) The computer is new. Its screen broke down.

- The computer whose screen broke down is new.
5) That’s my grandfather. We live in his house.
- That’s my grandfather whose house we live in.
- That’s my grandfather in whose house we live.
Where
.ً‫( ﺣﯿﺚ وﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن وﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﮫﺎ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬١
1) This is my school. I study in it.
- This is my school where I study.
- This is my school which I study in.
- This is my school in which I study.

When
‫( ﺣﯿﺚ وﺗﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن وﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﮫﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬١
1) June is a month. Students take exams in June.
- June is a month when students take exams.
2) I usually visit my uncles on Friday.
- Friday is the day when I usually visit my uncles.

-: ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت ﺣﺪوث ﺷﻰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

.‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﺷﻰء ﻣؤﻛد ﺣدوﺛﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬
I'm sure / I'm certain / It's definite / definitely ‫وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ‬
will + inf. - Father will travel to London. I'm sure.
th
- The suit will definitely be ready by Monday 28 .
‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﺣﺗﻣﺎل ﺣدوث ﺷﻰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل ) اﺣﺗﻣﺎل ﺣدوﺛﮫ‬
may + inf. I'm not sure / It's probable ‫ﻛﺑﯾر وﻟﻛن ﻟﯾس ﻣؤﻛد( وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ‬
- They may visit us tomorrow.
rd
- The girl's party dress may be ready by Sunday 23 .
.‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﺣﺗﻣﺎل ﺿﻌﯾف ﻟﺣدوث ﺷﻰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬
might + inf.
I don’t know / I don’t think so / It's possible ‫وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻊ‬

The Pearl ١٥ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
- We might give a party tonight, but I don’t think so.
- Ali's team might win the match. ( It's possible )
.‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﺷﻰء ﻣؤﻛد ﻋدم ﺣدوﺛﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬
won't + inf. - Tamer won't come today. ( It's certain.)
- Ali won't be the hero of the match. ( I'm sure.)

Countable nouns ‫اﻷﺳﻤـﺎء اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻌــﺪ‬

. ‫ ( ﻓـﻰ اﻟﻣﻔـرد وﺗﺣـذﻓﺎن ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﻣـﻊ‬a - an ) ‫( اﻻﺳـم اﻟذى ﯾﻌـد ﻟﮫ ﻣﻔـرد وﻟﮫ ﺟﻣـﻊ وﯾﺄﺧـذ‬١
a book books an egg eggs

. ‫( وﯾﻣﻛـن اﺳﺗﺧدام ھـذه اﻟﻛﻠﻣـﺎت ﻣـﻊ اﻻﺳم اﻟذي ﯾﻌـد‬٢

( some – any – a lot of - many – few )
(a lot of books – few pens – many pounds – some shirts – any stories)

Uncountable nouns ‫اﻷﺳﻤـﺎء اﻟﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺗﻌــﺪ‬

. ‫ ( ﻓـﻰ اﻟﻣﻔـرد‬a - an ) ‫( اﻻﺳـم اﻟذى ﻻ ﯾﻌـد ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛـن ﻋـده وﻻ ﯾﺄﺧـذ‬١

water - money - music - bread - news - information - oil ….
. ‫( وﯾﻣﻛـن اﺳﺗﺧدام ھـذه اﻟﻛﻠﻣـﺎت ﻣـﻊ اﻻﺳـم اﻟذي ﻻ ﯾﻌـد‬٢
( a lot of – much – little – some – any )
(a lot of information – some money – little water – much milk – any
news)
:‫( اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻵﺗﯾﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻌد وداﺋﻣﺎ ً ﺟﻣﻊ وﻟﯾس ﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻔرد‬٣
police, youth ‫ ﺷﺑﺎب‬, clothes, ………….
:‫ ﯾُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﻌﮭﺎ داﺋﻣﺎ ﻓﻌل ﻣﻔرد‬s ‫( ﺑﻌض اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻰ ﻻ ﺗﻌد اﻟﻣﻧﺗﮭﯾﺔ ﺑﺣرف‬٤
athletics / politics / mathematics / maths / news / physics / electronics

. ‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﯾﻌـد أو اﺳم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﻠـﺔ ﺧﺑـرﯾـﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗـﺔ‬

- I have got a lot of friends.
a lot of - I have got a lot of money.
.‫( وﻻﯾﺗﺑﻌﮭﺎ اﺳم وﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻓﻲ آﺧر اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ‬of) ‫( ﺑدون‬a lot) ‫ ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛﻠﻣﺔ‬
- I like reading stories a lot.
. ‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﯾﻌـد ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﻠـﺔ ﺧﺑـرﯾـﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗـﺔ‬
lots of - Lots of us like English.

The Pearl ١٦ 3rd Prep Second Term

‫‪Final Revision‬‬ ‫‪Mr Sayed Ouf‬‬
‫‪- There are lots of apples.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﯾﻌـد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ و اﻻﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم ‪.‬‬
‫‪many‬‬ ‫‪- I haven't got many friends.‬‬
‫?‪- Have you got many friends‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑل اﺳم ﯾﻌد ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ وﺗﺷﯾر اﻟﻰ ﻋدد )أﻛﺛر ﻣن اﻟﻼزم(‪.‬‬
‫‪too many‬‬ ‫‪- There are many people in the hall.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ و اﻻﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‪.‬‬
‫‪much‬‬ ‫‪- I haven't got much money.‬‬
‫?‪- Have you got much money‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑل اﺳم ﻻ ﯾﻌد ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ وﺗﺷـﯾر إﻟﻰ ﻛﻣﯾﺔ )أﻛﺛر ﻣن اﻟﻼزم(‪.‬‬
‫‪too much‬‬
‫‪- There is little water in the bottle.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﯾﻌـد وﺗﺷـﯾر إﻟﻰ ﻋـدد ﻗﻠﯾـل وﻟﻛـن ﯾﻛـﻔـﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪a few‬‬
‫) ‪- I have a few pounds. ( enough‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﯾﻌـد وﺗﺷـﯾر إﻟﻰ ﻋـدد ﻗﻠﯾـل وﻻ ﯾﻛـﻔﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪few‬‬
‫‪- I have few pounds.‬‬ ‫) ‪( not enough‬‬

‫‪too few‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﯾﻌـد ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ وﺗﺷـﯾر إﻟﻰ ﻋـدد )أﻗل ﻣن اﻟﻼزم(‪.‬‬
‫‪- The pupils answered too few questions.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد وﺗﺷـﯾر إﻟﻰ ﻛﻣﯾـﺔ ﻗﻠﯾـﻠﺔ وﻟﻛـن ﺗﻛـﻔـﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪a little‬‬
‫) ‪- I drank a little water. ( enough‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد وﺗﺷـﯾر إﻟﻰ ﻛﻣﯾـﺔ ﻗﻠﯾـﻠﺔ وﻻ ﯾﻛﻔـﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪little‬‬ ‫‪- I drank little water.‬‬ ‫) ‪( not enough‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﺧﺑرﯾﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ وﺗﺷـﯾر إﻟﻰ ﻋـدد )أﻗل ﻣن اﻟﻼزم(‪.‬‬
‫‪too little‬‬
‫‪- She has got too little money.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺳؤال ﻋن اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺔ و ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﺳم ﻛﻣﯾﺔ ﺛم ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد‪.‬‬
‫?‪- How much milk is there in the fridge‬‬
‫‪How much‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺳؤال ﻋن اﻟﺛﻣن و ﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﺛم اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‪.‬‬
‫?‪- How much is this dress‬‬
‫?‪- How much does this dress cost‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻠﺳؤال ﻋن اﻟﻌدد وﯾﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌدھﺎ اﺳم ﺟﻣﻊ ﯾُﻌد ﺛم ﻓﻌل ﻣﺳﺎﻋد‪.‬‬
‫‪How many‬‬
‫?‪- How many books did you buy‬‬

‫‪The Pearl‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫‪3rd Prep Second Term‬‬

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

Comparing Quantities ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺎت‬

Adjectives adjective Comparatives Superlatives
Nouns ‫اﻟﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯾن أﻛﺛر ﻣن اﺛﻧﯾن اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯾن اﺛﻧﯾن‬
Countable nouns a lot of / many more than the most
‫اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﻌد‬ few fewer than the fewest
Uncountable nouns a lot of / much more than the most
‫اﻷﺳﻣﺎء اﻟﺗﻰ ﻻ ﺗﻌد‬ little less than the least
- Samy bought more notebooks than Leila.
- Ali has more sugar than Emad.
- Hany has the most books.
- Menna has got the most money.
- Ahmed has fewer pens than Ayman.
- Dina drank less juice than Hala.
- Ahmed read the fewest books.
- You will buy fewer goods if they are expensive.
- You must buy goods for less money than you sell them for.
.‫ﺗﺄﺗـﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﯾﻌـد أو اﺳـم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﻠـﺔ ﺧﺑـرﯾـﺔ ﻣﺛﺑﺗـﺔ و ﻓﻰ ﺳؤاﻟﻲ اﻟﻌـرض واﻟطـﻠـب‬
- My mother knows some good stories. (‫)اﺳم ﯾﻌد‬
some - I drank some water. (‫)اﺳم ﻻ ﯾﻌد‬
- Would you like some tea? (‫)ﻋرض‬
- Can I have some of these apples? (‫)طﻠب‬
.‫ﺗﺄﺗـﻰ ﻗﺑـل اﺳـم ﯾﻌـد أو اﺳم ﻻ ﯾﻌـد ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﻠـﺔ اﺳﺗﻔﮭـﺎﻣﯾـﺔ أو ﻣﻧﻔـﯾـﺔ‬
- I don't want any stamps. (‫)اﺳم ﯾﻌد‬
- I didn't drink any milk. (‫)اﺳم ﻻ ﯾﻌد‬
.‫ ﻣـﻊ ﻧﻔـﻰ اﻟﻔﻌـل‬some ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻧﻔﻰ‬
- I bought some books. - I didn't buy any books.
any

The Pearl ١٨ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
- She has some money. - She doesn't have any money.
: ‫ﺗﺄﺗـﻰ ﻣـﻊ اﻟﻛـﻠﻣـﺎت اﻟداﻟـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻧﻔـﻰ ﻣﺛـل‬
hardly – never – without – refuse – too …….. to
- He never had any luck. - We hardly had any money.
. ‫ اﻟداﻟـﺔ واﻟﻣﻌﺑـرة ﻋـن اﻟﺷـك‬If ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧـدم ﻣـﻊ‬
- If anyone has any questions, I'll be pleased to answer them.
.‫ﺗﺄﺗـﻰ ﻓـﻰ اﻟﺟﻣـل اﻟﻣﻧﻔﯾـﺔ ﻋﻧـدﻣـﺎ ﯾﻛـون اﻟﻔﻌـل ﻣﺛﺑﺗـﺎ‬
- There were no shops open. - I have no money.
no not …… any ‫ ﻣـﻊ ﻓﻌـل ﻣﺛﺑـت وﺗﺳـﺎوى‬some ‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧــدم ﻟﻧﻔـﻰ‬
- She has some money. - She has no money.
- I bought some books. - I bought no books.

The Possessive ( ’s ) ‫’ ( اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬s )

( ... ‫’ ( ﻋﺎدة ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة )أﺷﺨﺎص – ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت – طﯿﻮر‬s ) ‫( ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬١
Ahmed’s bag a spider’s web Ahmed’s bags
a doctor’s appointment the cat’s tail Ali’s sister’s party ‫اﺳﻣﯾن ﻣﺗﺗﺎﻟﯾﯾن‬
-: ( ‫ ( ) ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺎذ‬s ) ‫’ ( ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﺳﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺬى ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﮫﻰ ﺑــ‬s ) ‫( ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬٢
the children’s bike people's telephone numbers
a children's book / men's coats Ali and Ahmed’s car(‫)ﺑﻌد أﻛﺛر ﻣن اﺳم‬
‫’ ( ﻣﻊ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻮظﺎﺋﻒ ﻟﺘﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻮظﯿﻔﺔ وﻳﺄت ﻗﺒﻠﮫﺎ ﺣﺮف‬s ) ‫( ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬٣
-: (at)‫اﻟﺠﺮ‬
the dentist’s the doctor's the grocer’s
the chemist's the butcher’s the baker’s
-: ‫’ ( ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮات واﻟﻔﺘﺮات اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة‬s ) ‫( ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬٤
today’s weather an hour’s time
tomorrow's world Monday’s dairy
next week's meeting a week’s holiday
yesterday’s newspaper this evening’s programme
-: ‫ﻳﺘﺒﻌﮫﺎ اﺳﻢ آﺧﺮ‬ ‫’ ( ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﺳﻢ دون أن‬s ) ‫( ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬٥
The blue bag is Ali's. ( = Ali's bag )
This isn’t my book. It's my sister's. ( = my sister's book )
Dina's hair is longer than Heba's. ( = Heba's hair )
-: ( s ) ‫( ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ) ’ ( ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮫﯿﺔ ﺑـ‬٦
Chris’ children Charles’ car Ramsis’ statue
-: ( s ) ‫( ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ) ’ ( ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﮫﯿﺔ ﺑـ‬٧
the boys’ mother my parents’ flat the sailors’ hats horses’ legs

The Pearl ١٩ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
-: ‫( ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ) ’ ( ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮات واﻟﻔﺘﺮات اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬٨
three week's holiday two week's rest = a two-week rest
n.+n. ‫’( ﻣﻊ اﺳﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﺎد وﻳﻜﻮن اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﻢ اﻷول‬s)‫( ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬٩
the restaurant owner exercise book school bag ink pen
computer screen the garage door English book table leg
(pp. / v+ing / adj. / n.) ‫( وﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﮫﺎ‬is) ‫’( ﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎر‬s) ‫( ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬١٠
- He's a scientist. - She's revising her lessons.
- He's Egyptian. - He's punished by his father.
(pp. / n.) ‫( وﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﮫﺎ‬has) ‫’( ﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎر‬s) ‫( ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬١١
- He's a car. - He's got a car.

Present ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬
Present Necessity ‫اﻟـﻀــﺮورة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬
.‫ ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻀﺮورة واﻹﻟﺰام ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻰ‬
I, he, she, it, you, we, they must
I , you , we , they have to + inf.
he , she , it has to
 They must / have to hurry. They are late for school.
 I have to / must change the light bulb because it isn’t working.
‫ﻻﺣـﻆ أن‬
It is necessary to + inf.
must / have to / has to+ inf. =
It is necessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to + inf.
 It is necessary for them to hurry.
lack of Present Necessity ‫ﻧﻘـــﺺ اﻟﻀـــﺮورة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬
‫ ﺗُﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻀﺮورة ﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع ) ﻻ داﻋﻰ ﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﻰء‬
( ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻪ إذا أردت‬
I, you, we, they don’t have to + inf.
he, she, it doesn’t has to + inf.
 You don’t have to hurry. It’s too early.
 He doesn’t have to attend the party.
It is necessary not to + inf.
‫ﻻﺣـﻆ أن‬ It isn’t necessary to + inf.
It is unnecessary to + inf.
The Pearl ٢٠ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
don’t have to + inf. = It is necessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ not to + inf.
doesn’t have to + inf. It isn’t necessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to + inf.
It is unnecessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to + inf.
 It is unnecessary for him to attend the party.
Past ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
Past Necessity ‫اﻟـﻀــﺮورة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
.‫ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﺗﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﯿﺬ‬،‫ ﺗُ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻀﺮورة ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
I, he, she, it, you, we, they had to + inf.
 You had to study hard.
 She had to take a taxi.
‫ﻻﺣـﻆ أن‬ It was necessary to + inf.
had to+ inf. = It was necessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to + inf.
 It was necessary to study hard.
 It was necessary for her to take a taxi.
lack of Past Necessity ‫ﻧﻘـــﺺ اﻟﻀـــﺮورة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
‫ )ﺷﺊ ﻟـﻢ ﻳﻜـﻦ ﻣﮫـﻢ وﻟﺬﻟـﻚ‬،‫ ﺗُﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻀﺮورة ﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
.(‫ﻟـﻢ أﻓﻌﻠـﻪ‬
I, he, she, it, you, we, they didn’t have to + inf.
 I didn’t have to hurry as I was early.
 He didn’t have to book a ticket.
It was necessary not to + inf.
‫ﻻﺣـﻆ أن‬ It wasn’t necessary to + inf.
It was unnecessary to + inf.
didn’t have to + inf. =
It was necessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ not to + inf.
It wasn’t necessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to + inf.
It was unnecessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to + inf.
 It was unnecessary for him to book a ticket.

Future ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬
Future Necessity ‫اﻟـﻀــﺮورة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
.‫ ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻀﺮورة ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
I, he, she, it, you, we, they will have to + inf.
 You will have to work hard to do well in the test.
 The car has broken down. We will have to find a mechanic.
-: ‫ﻻﺣظ أن‬
The Pearl ٢١ 3rd Prep Second Term
 Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
It will be necessary to + inf.
will have to+ inf. = It will be necessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to + inf.
 It will be necessary to work hard to do well in the test.
 It will be necessary for us to find a mechanic.
lack of Future Necessity ‫ﻧﻘـــﺺ اﻟﻀـــﺮورة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫ )ﺷﺊ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﮫـﻢ وﻟﺬﻟـﻚ‬،‫ ﺗُﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪم اﻟﻀﺮورة ﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻰء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
.(‫ﻟـﻦ أﻓﻌﻠـﻪ‬
I, he, she, it, you, we, they won’t have to + inf.
 I won’t have to go to work on Fridays. It’s a weekend.
 I won’t have to wear heavy clothes tomorrow.
‫ﻻﺣـﻆ أن‬ It won’t be necessary to + inf.
It will be unnecessary to + inf.
won’t have to + inf. =
It won’t be necessary for + ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to + inf.
It will be unnecessary for+ ‫ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬+ to + inf.
 It won’t be necessary to go to work on Friday.
 It will not be necessary to buy food tomorrow.

mustn’t + inf.
‫) ﻟﻦ ﻳُﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﻰء ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻤﻨﻮع أو ﻣﺤﺮم‬.‫ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻈﺮ أو اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻢ‬
(‫أو ﺿﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
 You mustn’t smoke here.
 You aren’t allowed to smoke here.
 You mustn’t arrive late for work.
 You are forbidden to arrive late for work.
am, is, are, not allowed to + inf.
mustn’t + inf. = It's forbidden to + inf.
.

‫ﺍﻟـﺨـﻼﺻــﺔ‬
Affirmative ǒ Ỹǎǘữ Negative ‫ﻧﻔﻰ‬ Question Ɵỷửҳ
must + inf. needn’t + inf. Must + subj. + inf.
have to + inf. don’t have to + inf. Do + subj. + have to + inf.
has to + inf. doesn’t have to + inf. Does + subj. + have to + inf.
had to + inf. didn’t have to + inf. Did + subj. + have to + inf.
will have to + inf. won’t have to + inf. Will + subj. + have to + inf.

The Pearl ٢٢ 3rd Prep Second Term

‫‪Final Revision‬‬ ‫‪Mr Sayed Ouf‬‬
‫‪must‬‬ ‫‪have to / has to‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋ ن أﻣ ر ﻣﻔ روض ﻣﺛ ل اﻟﻘواﻋ د اﻟﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ ‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾ ر ﻋ ن إﻟ زام ﺷﺧﺻ ﻰ اﻵن‪ ،‬أو ﺷ ﻌور‬
‫داﺧﻠﻰ ﺷﺧﺻﻰ ﺑﺿرورة ﻋﻣل ﺷﻰء ﻣﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻠواﺋﺢ اﻟﻣدﻧﯾﺔ )ﻣدرﺳﺔ‪،‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‪،‬ﻗواﻧﯾن ﻣرور(‬
‫‪- I must read that book again.‬‬ ‫‪- He has to be at work at 8 o'clock.‬‬
‫‪- I must tell the truth.‬‬ ‫‪- You have to drive on the right.‬‬
‫‪- I must stop smoking.‬‬ ‫‪- You have to wear your uniform.‬‬
‫‪mustn’t‬‬ ‫‪don’t have to / doesn’t have to‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن اﻟﻣﻧﻊ واﻟﺗﺣرﯾم‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن ﻋدم اﻟﺿرورة‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻﯾﺟ ب أن ﺗﻔﻌ ل ﻛ ذا ﻷﻧ ﮫ ﻣﻣﻧ وع أو ﻣﺣ رم أو‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻟﯾس ھﻧﺎك ﺿرورة ﻟﻔﻌل ﺷﻰء وﻟك اﻹﺧﺗﯾﺎر‪.‬‬
‫‪ - You don’t have to attend the‬ﺿد اﻟﻘﺎﻧون أو اﻹﻟزام ﻣن ﻗﺎﻧون أو ﻻﺋﺣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪- Visitors mustn’t smoke.‬‬ ‫‪party.‬‬
‫‪- You mustn’t arrive late for work.‬‬ ‫‪- He doesn’t have to travel by‬‬
‫‪- I mustn’t eat so much sugar.‬‬ ‫‪plane.‬‬
‫‪should have + pp‬‬ ‫ﻟم ﯾﻛن ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻰ أن ‪ shouldn’t have + pp‬ﻛﺎن ﯾﻧﺑﻐﻰ أن‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻠـوم ﺷﺧـص ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻓﻌ ـل ﺷ ـﺊ ﺧط ـﺄ أو أﺣﻣ ق ‪ ‬ﺗﻠوم ﺷﺧ ـص ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻋ ـدم ﻓﻌ ـل ﺷ ـﺊ ﻛ ـﺎن ﻣ ـن‬
‫اﻟﻣﻔـروض أن ﯾﻔﻌـﻠﮫ‪ ،‬وﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﻟم ﯾﻔﻌﻠﮫ‪.‬‬ ‫أو ﺿ د اﻟﻘ ﺎﻧون ﻛ ـﺎن ﻣ ـن اﻟﻣﻔ ـروض أﻻﱠ‬
‫ﯾﻔﻌـﻠﮫ‪ ،‬وﻟﻛﻧﮫ ﻓﻌﻠﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪You are late; you should have‬‬ ‫‪Your sister is crying; you‬‬
‫‪come earlier.‬‬ ‫‪shouldn’t have shouted at her.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻋل ‪subject‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌل ‪verb‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌول ‪object‬‬ ‫)ﺗﻛﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ(‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل اﺗﺒﻊ اﻵﺗﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬اﺑﺪأ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ) أى ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل أو ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﻰ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ (‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ to be‬ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ زﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎً ﺑـ ‪) by‬وﺣﻮل ﺿﻤﯿﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻰ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﮫﻮل ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌول ‪object‬‬ ‫ﻓﻰ زﻣن اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ‪V. to be‬‬ ‫‪P.P‬‬ ‫‪by + subject‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ to be‬ﻓﻰ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﺎﻵﺗﻰ‪-:‬‬

‫‪The Pearl‬‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪3rd Prep Second Term‬‬

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
Tense Active Passive
‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬ v. / v.+ s, es, ies am - is – are + pp
‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬ v.+ d, ed, ied - ‫ﻓﻌل ﺷﺎذ‬ was - were + pp
‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬ am, is, are + v + ing am - is – are + being + pp
‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر‬ was, were + v + ing was - were + being + pp
‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﺗﺎم‬ have, has + pp have - has + been + pp
‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ اﻟﺗﺎم‬ had + pp had been + pp
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل اﻟﺑﺳﯾط‬ will + inf. will be + pp
can, could, must can, could, must
modal verbs have to, has to have to, has to
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ‬ will have to, + inf will have to, be+ pp
had to, may had to, may
Ex :-
1) Egypt exports cotton to other countries.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
2) She cleaned the room.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
3) They are playing football.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
4) She was changing the curtains.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
5) We have built a new house.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
6) The teacher had explained the lesson.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
7) We'll reclaim a huge area of desert.
………………………………….………………………………………………..
‫ﻻﺣـﻆ أن‬
-:( ‫ اذا ﺟﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯿﻦ ) ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻷول أو اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
for ‫ أو‬to ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﺪأ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺣﺮف اﻟﺠﺮ‬
1) He sent me a letter.
 I was sent a letter.
 A letter was sent to me.

The Pearl ٢٤ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
2) I bought Ali a nice camera.
 Ali was bought a nice camera.
 A nice camera was bought for Ali.

Present Past
must + inf must have + pp
‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻌﻣل اﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج )ﻣﺛﺑت( ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻌﻣل اﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج )ﻣﺛﺑت( ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
.‫ ﯾﻔﻌل ﻛذا‬/ ‫ أﻛﯾد أﻧﮫ ﻛذا‬/ ‫ ﻻﺑُد‬- .‫ َﻓ َﻌل َ ﻛذا‬/ ‫ أﻛﯾد أﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻛذا‬/ ‫ ﻻﺑُد‬-
It's nearly certain ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ It's nearly certain ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
= I'm nearly certain / sure ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ = I'm nearly certain / sure ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
I think ‫ﻣُﺜﺒﺖ‬ I think ‫ﻣُﺜﺒﺖ‬
 He has three cars and a villa. He  Menna looks very happy. She
must be rich. must have passed her exams.
can't + inf can't have + pp
‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻌﻣل اﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج )ﻣﻧﻔﻰ( ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﻌﻣل اﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج )ﻣﻧﻔﻰ( ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
.‫ ﯾﻔﻌل ﻛذا‬/ ،‫ ﻣﺳﺗﺣﯾل أﻧﮫ ﻛذا‬/ ‫ ﻻﯾﻣﻛن‬- .‫ َﻓ َﻌل َ ﻛذا‬/ ‫ ﻣﺳﺗﺣﯾل أﻧﮫ ﻛﺎن ﻛذا‬/ ‫ ﻻﯾﻣﻛن‬-
It's nearly certain ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ It's nearly certain ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬
I'm nearly certain / sure ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ I'm nearly certain / sure ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
= I think ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬ = I think ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬
I don’t think ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ I don’t think ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
It’s impossible ‫ﻣُﺜﺒﺖ‬ It’s impossible ‫ﻣُﺜﺒﺖ‬
 He has three cars and a villa. He  Here is his mobile. He can't
can’t be poor. have left it in his room.
may + inf may have + pp
‫ ﺗُﻌﺑر ﻋن اﺣﺗﻣﺎل أو اﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج ﺣ دوث ﺷ ﻰء ﻓ ﻰ‬ ‫ ﺗُﻌﺑر ﻋن اﺣﺗﻣﺎل أو اﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج ﺣ دوث ﺷ ﻰء ﻓ ﻰ‬
.‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل وﻟﻛن ﻏﯾر ﻣؤﻛد‬ .‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ وﻟﻛن ﻏﯾر ﻣؤﻛد‬
I'm not certain / sure I'm not certain / sure
It is probable ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ It is probable ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ‬

The Pearl ٢٥ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
= Perhaps ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣُﺜﺒﺖ‬ = Perhaps ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣُﺜﺒﺖ‬
It is quite possible ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ It is quite possible
 He is not here today. He may  I can't find my bag. I may have
be ill. left it at home.
might + inf might have + inf
‫ ﺗُﻌﺑر ﻋن اﺣﺗﻣﺎل أو اﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج ﺣ دوث ﺷ ﻰء ﻓ ﻰ‬ ‫ ﺗُﻌﺑر ﻋن اﺣﺗﻣﺎل أو اﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج ﺣ دوث ﺷ ﻰء ﻓ ﻰ‬
.ً‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع واﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل وﻟﻛن ﻏﯾر ﻣؤﻛد ﺟدا‬ .ً‫اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻰ وﻟﻛن ﻏﯾر ﻣؤﻛد ﺟدا‬
I'm not very sure I'm not very sure
I'm not very certain ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ I'm not very certain ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻰ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
= It is possible ‫ﻣُﺜﺒﺖ‬ = It is possible ‫ﻣُﺜﺒﺖ‬
I don't think / know ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬ I don't think / know
Perhaps Perhaps
 Ahmed might travel abroad, but  She was late. She might have
I don’t think so. missed the train.

Addition Links ‫رواﺑﻂ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣِﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﮫﺎ أﻓﻜﺎر ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
-:‫ﻜﻤﱠﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣِـﺜﻞ‬
َ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ُﻣ‬
and, in addition, in addition to, also, too, as well
not only …….. but also ………
not only …….. , but …………… as well
and ‫و‬
.‫ ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﮫﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ أو اﻟﻔﻌﻞ أو اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل‬
1) We went to the market. We went to the zoo.
- We went to the market and the zoo.
2) He went to the hospital. He visited his sick friend.
- He went to the hospital and visited his sick friend.
in addition ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ‬
‫ ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ وﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬
1) We have got some cake. We've got some fruit.
- We have got some cake. In addition, we've got some fruit.
2) I play tennis. I go swimming.
- I play tennis, in addition I go swimming.
in addition to ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ‬
(v.+ ing / n.) ‫ ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ وﻳﺄﺗﻰ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬
1) He sold his flat. He sold his car.
The Pearl ٢٦ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
- He sold his flat, in addition to his car.
2) I did my homework and helped my mother.
- In addition to doing my homework, I helped my mother.
also ‫ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬- ً‫أﻳﻀﺎ‬
( v. be / have) ‫ وﺑﻌﺪ‬، ‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
1) Ali speaks English. He also speaks Turkish.
2) Dina is good at Arabic. She is also good at English.
3) Ahmed's father had also been a doctor.
too / as well ‫ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬- ً‫أﻳﻀﺎ‬
‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﮫﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬
1) We have got some cake. We've got some fruit, too.
2) Sally visited Rome. She went to Athens as well.
not only … but also … ً‫ وﻟﻜﻦ أﻳﻀﺎ‬... ‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
not only … but … as well ً‫ وﻟﻜﻦ أﻳﻀﺎ‬... ‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
not only ‫( إذا رﺑﻄﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﯿﻦ ) أى اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ واﺣـﺪ ﻓـﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘـﯿﻦ ( ﺗُﻮﺿـﻊ‬١
.‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬but also ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ و‬
1) I bought a car. I built a new house.
 I not only bought a car, but also I built a new house.
 I not only bought a car, but I also built a new house.
.‫ ﻓﻰ ﻧﮫﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬as well ‫ وﻧﻀﻊ‬also ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﺰف‬
 I not only bought a car, but I built a new house as well.
.‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻨﻔﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷول ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
 I didn’t only buy a car, but also I built a new house.
(...‫ ﻧﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﮫﺎﻣﯿﺔ)ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬Not only ‫ إذا ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑـ‬
 Not only did I buy a car, but I also built a new house.
not ‫( إذا رﺑﻄﺖ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯿﻦ )أى اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ واﻟﻔﻌﻞ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ( ﺗُﻮﺿﻊ‬٢
.‫ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬but also ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل اﻷول و‬only
1) He was a trader and a solider.
 He was not only a trader, but also a solider.
 He was not only a trader, but he was also a solider.
2) The English travellers were crossing deserts and jungles.
 The English travellers were crossing not only deserts, but also
jungles.

The Pearl ٢٧ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
 The English travellers were not only crossing deserts, but they
were also crossing jungles.
3) Salma likes biscuits. She likes sweets.
 Salma likes not only biscuits, but also sweets.
 Salma not only likes biscuits, but she also likes sweets.

‫ ﻓـﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳـﺔ‬Not only ‫( إذا رﺑﻄـﺖ ﺟﻤﻠﺘـﯿﻦ واﻟﻔـﺎﻋﻠﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺿـﻊ‬٣

‫ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﮫﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ واﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬but also ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﮫﺎ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻷول ﺛُﻢ‬
.(‫ﻳﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ )ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻹﻓﺮاد واﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬
1) Menna is clever. Her friends are clever.
- Not only Menna but also her friends are clever.
2) My brothers speak English. My sister speaks English.
- Not only my brothers but also my sister speaks English.
Contrast Links ‫رواﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬
‫ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣِﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﮫﺎ أﻓﻜﺎر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ ﻓﺘﻜـﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻠـﺔ‬
but, however, although, despite ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
Although ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
Despite (v.+ ing / n.)
, ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬

1) He was ill. He passed the exam. (Although / Despite)

 Although he was ill, He passed the exam.
 Despite being ill, he passed the exam.
 Despite his illness, he passed the exam.
2) It rained heavily. We played the match. (although / despite)
 We played the match although it rained heavily.
 We played the match despite the heavy rain.
/ ‫ ﻳـﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻌﮫـﺎ اﻟﺤـﺪث اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗـﻊ‬although, despite ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﻰ‬
.‫ ﻳﺘﺤﻮل اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻰ اﺳﻢ واﻟﻈﺮف اﻟﻰ ﺻﻔﺔ‬despite ‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
but ‫ ﻟﻜﻦ‬- however ‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬- on the other hand ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻵﺧﺮ‬
but / however
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
on the other hand
1) He is young. He is strong. (however / but)

The Pearl ٢٨ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
 He is young, but he is strong.
 He is young, but strong.
 He is young, however he is strong.
 He is young. However, he is strong.

2) We have been building new roads. Traffic in cities is still slow.

(On the other hand)
 We have been building new roads. On the other hand traffic in
cities is still slow.

3) He lifted the heavy box. He was ill. (on the other hand)
 He was ill, on the other hand he lifted the heavy box.
‫ ﻻﺣﻆ أن اﻟﺤﺪث ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬
but, however, on the other hand
Cause Linkers ‫اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﻟﺘﺒﯿﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﺸﻰء ) اﻟﺤـﺪث ﺑﻌـﺪھﺎ ھـﻮ ﺳـﺒﺐ‬
(‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪث ﻗﺒﻠﮫﺎ‬
because ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
because of v.+ ing / n. / adj.+ n.
1) He didn’t go to hospital. He was very ill. (because)
 He didn’t go to hospital because he was very ill.

2) Ali wants to succeed. He is studying hard. (because)

 Ali is studying hard because he wants to succeed.

3) Dina was ill. She didn’t go to school. ( because of )

 Dina didn’t go to school because of her illness.
 Dina didn’t go to school because of being ill.
4) She got less marks. She wrote badly. ( because of )
 She got less marks because of writing badly.
 She got less marks because of bad writing.
Purpose Linkers ‫رواﺑﻂ اﻟﻐﺮض‬
‫ ﺗُﺴــﺘﺨﺪم ھــﺬه اﻟــﺮواﺑﻂ ﻟــﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻤﻠﺘــﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻨﮫﻤــﺎ ﻋﻼﻗــﺔ ﻏﺮﺿــﯿﺔ )أى أﻧﮫــﺎ ﺗﻮﺿــﺢ‬
to / in order to / so that ‫اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺸﻰء( ﻣﺜﻞ‬
to / in order to ‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬

The Pearl ٢٩ 3rd Prep Second Term

Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf

present so that ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ can / may + inf

past so that ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ could / might + inf
1) Menna has been revising. She wants to get a good result in her test.
 Menna has been revising to get a good result in her test.
 Menna has been revising in order to get a good result in her
test.
 Menna has been revising so that she can / may get a good
result in her test.
.‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬hope to ‫ أو‬want to ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﺣﺰف اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
2) Hussam went to the hospital to visit his friend. (so that)
 Hussam went to the hospital so that he could visit his friend.
3) Ali went to the market so that he could buy fruit. (to / in order to)
 Ali went to the market to / in order to buy fruit.
Result Links ‫رواﺑﻂ اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬
‫ ﺗُ ﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﻟﺘﺒﯿﻦ أن اﻟﺤﺪث أدى اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪث آﺧﺮ )اﻟﺤـﺪث ﺑﻌـﺪھﺎ ھـﻮ‬
so / that’s why (‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪث ﻗﺒﻠﮫﺎ‬
so / that’s why ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬

1) Omar wants to be a tour guide. He learns English.

 Omar wants to be a tour guide, so / that’s why he learns English.
2) He took his umbrella. It was raining.
 It was raining. That’s why he took his umbrella.

Other Links‫رواﺑﻂ أﺧﺮى‬

‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ too to + ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
‫ظﺮف‬
1) The lion was very tired. It couldn’t hunt.
 The lion was too tired to hunt.

2) The test is very difficult. I can't answer it.

 The test is too difficult to answer.
 The test is too difficult for me to answer.
The Pearl ٣٠ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
3) He wrote badly. He didn’t get a good result.
 He wrote too badly to get a good result.

‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ so that + ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬+ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ظﺮف‬
1) The story was very interesting. I read it twice.
 The story was so interesting that I read it twice.

2) The desk is very heavy. He can't carry it.

 The desk is so heavy that he can't carry it.

3) Ali ran very fast. He won the race.

 Ali ran so fast that he won the race.

used to + inf. ‫اﻋﺘﺎد أن‬

‫ ( ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿـﺮ ﻋـﻦ ﻋـــﺎدة ﻛـــﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺤـﺪث ﻓـﻲ‬used to + inf. ) ‫ ﺗُﺴـﺘﺨﺪم‬-
.‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﻟـﻜـﻨﮫﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺪث اﻵن‬
‫ ( ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿـﺮ ﻋـﻦ ﻋـﺪم ﻓﻌـﻞ ﺷـﻰء ﻓـﻲ‬didn’t use to + inf. ) ‫ ﺗُﺴـﺘﺨﺪم‬-
.‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﻟـﻜـﻨﻪ ﻳﻔﻌﻠ ُﻪ اﻵن‬
Form ‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن‬ Negative ‫اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ Interrogative ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻔﮭﺎم‬
I I I
He He he
She She she
It used to + inf. It didn’t use to + inf. Did it use to + inf.
You You you
We We we
They They they
1) I played tennis when I was fifteen.
 I used to play tennis when I was fifteen.
2) He was fat when he was young.
 He used to be fat when he was young.
be used to + (v+ing)
-: ‫ ( ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋــﺎدة ﻓﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬be used to ) ‫ ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬-
I am
He, She, It is used to + v + ing
You, We, They are
The Pearl ٣١ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
1) I always watch TV.
 I am used to watching TV.
2) Menna usually gets good marks.
 Menna is used to getting high marks.

hard (adj.) - The exam was hard.

‫ ﻣﺟﺗﮭد‬- ‫ ﺧﺷن‬- ‫ ﺻﻠب‬- ‫ﺻﻌب‬ - Rana is a hard student.
hard (adv.) - She studies hard.
‫ ﺑﺷدة – ﺑﻐزارة‬- ‫ﺑﺟد‬ - It is raining hard.
hardly (adv.) - I'm too tired. I can hardly walk.
‫ ﺑﺻﻌوﺑﺔ – ﺗﻘرﯾﺑﺎ ً ﻻ‬- ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎد‬ - He hardly slept last night because he was ill.
- There is hardly any water in the glass.

.( ‫ ﺗﺑدأ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻷﻣر ﺑـــ ) ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل ( ﺑدون ﻓﺎﻋل ) ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻹﺛﺑﺎت‬
.( ‫ ( ﺑدون ﻓﺎﻋل )ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬Don’t + ‫ ﺗﺑدأ اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻷﻣر ﺑـــ ) ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬
.( ‫ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻷﻣر ﻋﻧد ) إﻋطﺎء أواﻣر أو ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﺎت – ﺗﻘدﯾم إﻗﺗراﺣﺎت‬
Negative ‫ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻟﻧﻔﻲ‬ Affirmative ‫ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻹﺛﺑﺎت‬
Don’t + ....‫ﻣﺻدر اﻟﻔﻌل‬ ‫ﻣـﺻـــــدر اﻟﻔﻌــــل‬
- Don’t play in the street. - Listen‚ the birds are singing.
- Don’t be late for school. - Wait for me, please.
- Don’t be rude to other people. - Be quiet, I want to sleep.

Verbs & Adjectives + (v + ing)

(v + ing) ‫أﻓﻌﺎل وﺻﻔﺎت ﺗُﺘﺒﻊ ﺑـ‬
be interested in (adj.) ‫ﻣﮭﺗم ﺑـ‬ go on ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻣر‬ mind ‫ﯾﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬
be used to (adj.) ‫ﻣُﻌﺗﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ask for ‫ﯾطﻠب‬ enjoy ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻣﺗﻊ‬
be fond of (adj.) ‫ﻣُﻐرم ﺑـ‬ give up ‫ﯾﺗوﻗف ﻋن‬ begin ‫ﯾﺑدأ‬
congratulate on ‫ﯾُﮭﻧﻰء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ feel like ‫ﯾرﻏب ﻓﻰ‬ start ‫ﯾﺑدأ‬
look forward to ‫ﯾﺗطﻠﻊ اﻟﻰ‬ practice ‫ﯾﻣﺎرس‬ love ‫ﯾﺣب‬
apologize for ‫ﯾﻌﺗذر ﻋﻠﻰ‬ suggest ‫ﯾﻘﺗرح‬ like ‫ﯾﺣب‬
succeed in ‫ﯾﻧﺟﺢ ﻓﻰ‬ busy (adj.) ‫ﻣﺷﻐول‬ hate ‫ﯾﻛره‬
thank for ‫ﯾﺷﻛر ﻋﻠﻰ‬ go ‫ﯾذھب‬ dislike ‫ﯾﻛره‬
think of ‫ﯾﻔﻛر ﻓﻰ‬ finish ‫ﯾﻧﮭﻰ‬ prefer ‫ﯾﻔﺿل‬

Verb + to + inf.
The Pearl ٣٢ 3rd Prep Second Term
Final Revision Mr Sayed Ouf
(to + ‫أﻓﻌﺎل ﺗُﺘﺒﻊ ﺑـ )ﻣﺼﺪر‬
’d like ‫ﯾﺣب أن‬ learn ‫ﯾﺗﻌﻠم‬ hope ‫ﯾﺄﻣل‬
’d love ‫ﯾﺣب أن‬ agree ‫ﯾواﻓق‬ wish ‫ﯾﺗﻣﻧﻰ‬
’d prefer ‫ﯾﻔﺿل أن‬ refuse ‫ﯾرﻓض‬ plan ‫ﯾﺧطط‬
offer ‫ﯾﻌرض‬ decide ‫ﯾﻘرر‬ expect ‫ﯾﺗوﻗﻊ‬
invite ‫ﯾدﻋو‬ want ‫ﯾرﯾد‬ arrange ‫ﯾرﺗب‬
manage ‫ﯾﺗﻣﻛن‬ try ‫ﯾﺣﺎول‬ promise ‫ﯾوﻋد‬

can = am, is, are able to + inf.
I am
He, She, It is able to + inf.
You, We, They are
- He can speak English.
- He is able to speak English.
could = was, were able to + inf.
I, He, She, It was
able to + inf.
You We They were
- He could win the race.
- He was able to win the race.

The Pearl ٣٣ 3rd Prep Second Term