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GIS - Question Bank (Part B)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Assiut University)

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Course: Geographical Information

Systems

Code : IS311

Faculty of Computers and

Information

Assiut University

Question Bank - Part 2

1. GIS uses the information from which of the following sources?

a) Non- spatial information system
b) Spatial information system
c) Global information system
d) All of them

2.Among the following, which do not come under the components of GIS?
a) Hardware b) Software
c) Compiler d) Data

3.All of the following are examples of spatial data except:

a) Latitude and longitude coordinates
b) Street address
c) Zip code
d) Geologic units

4. City names such as New York, Tokyo, or London refer to ____________

a) Nominal locations
b) Absolute locations
c) Relative locations
d) None of them

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5 Examples of ‘continuous features are :

a) Air temperature
b) Soil salinity
c) Elevation
d) All of them

5. ____________ mean(s) putting the information in a database and maintaining

access to it.
a) Capture
b) Spatial Analysis
c) Restore and retrieve
d) None of them

6. ____________ refers to the factor of reduction of the world, so it fits on a map,

and it can be represented by text, a graphic, or some combination of the two.
a) Map legend
b) Map scale
c) Coordinate system
d) North arrow

7. Which of the following statements is true about the capabilities of GIS:

a) Data capture and preparation
b) Data management, including storage and maintenance
c) Data manipulation, analysis, and presentation
d) All of them

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8. ____________ are maps of our environment that are stored in our brain, and
they are psychological tools that we all use every day.
a) Thematic maps
b) Mental maps
c) Reference maps
d) Dynamic maps

9. ____________ refers to defining and describing places in relation to other

known locations. For instance, Cairo, Egypt, is north of Johannesburg, South
Africa.
a) Nominal location
b) Absolute location
c) Relative location
d) None of them

10. 60° 35´ 15´´ in degrees-minutes-seconds could be expressed as ____________

in decimal degrees.
a) 60.5900
b) 60.6066
c) 60.5875
d) 60.8575

Fill the Missing

51. Map projections could be classified to Gnomonic, Stereographic, and Orthographic in case
considering the light source.

52. Map projections that accurately represent distances are referred to as equidistant
projections, which frequently used for small-scale maps.

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53. Maps that represent angles “bearings” between locations are called conformal.

54. The Mercator projection is an example of a conformal projection and is famous for
distorting Greenland.

55. Equal area or equivalent projections preserve the quality of area.

56. Maps typically rely on three geometric objects. A point is defined by x and y coordinates, a
line is defined by two points, and a polygon is defined by a minimum of three points.

57. A map legend provides users information about the how geographic information is
represented graphically, and it consists of a title that describes the map, as well as the various
symbols, colors, and patterns that are used on the map.

58. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a geographic coordinate system which is used to
identify locations on earth in meters.

59. UTM used from lat. 84°N to 80°S, while universal polar stereographic (UPS) used for polar
areas.

60. UTM coordinate system divides the globe into 60 N/S zones, each 6° longitudes wide; these
are numbered from one to sixty going east from 180th meridian.

61. The X-value, called the Easting, has a value of 500,000m at the central meridian of each

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zone in the UTM coordinate system.

62. The Y-value, called the Northing, has a value of 0 m at the equator for the northern
hemisphere, 10,000,000 m at the equator for the southern hemisphere.

63. Each UTM zone divided into 20 E/W bands, each 8° high lettered from the south pole using
C through X (O and I omitted).

64. The JPEG, BMP, and TIFF file formats are based on the raster data model.

A raster model with pixels representing 10 m by 10 m (or 100 square meters) in the real world
would be said to have a spatial resolution of 10 m.

66. Three fundamental vector types exist in geographic information systems (GISs): points,
lines, and polygons.

67. Points are zero-dimensional objects that contain only a single coordinate pair. They are
used to model discrete features such as buildings, wells, power poles, and sample locations.
They have only the property of location.

68. Lines are one-dimensional features composed of multiple, explicitly connected points. They
are used to represent linear features such as roads, streams, faults, and boundaries. They have the
property of length.

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69. Polygons are two-dimensional features created by multiple lines that loop back to create a
“closed” feature. They have the properties of area and perimeter.

70. Topology is the mathematical study of the properties that are preserved through deformations,
twistings, and stretchings of objects.

71. Topology is a set of rules that model the relationships between neighboring points, lines, and
polygons and determines how they share geometry.

72. Slivers occur when the shared boundary of two polygons do not meet exactly.

73. Active satellites make use of remote sensors that detect reflected responses from objects that
are irradiated from artificially generated energy sources.

74. Passive satellites make use of sensors that detect the reflected or emitted electromagnetic
radiation from natural sources.

75. The spatial resolution of a satellite image is the smallest distance between two adjacent
features that can be detected in an image.

76. Spectral resolution denotes the ability of the sensor to resolve wavelength intervals, also
called bands, within the electromagnetic spectrum.

77. Temporal resolution is the amount of time between each image collection period and is
determined by the repeat cycle of the satellite’s orbit.

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78. Radiometric resolution refers to the sensitivity of the sensor to variations in brightness and
specifically denotes the number of grayscale levels that can be imaged by the sensor.

79. Geostationary satellites, that circle the earth proximal to the equator once each day, yield
high temporal resolution but low spatial resolution.

80. Sun-synchronous satellites, those that synchronize a near-polar orbit of the sensor with the
sun’s illumination, yield low temporal resolution while providing high spatial resolution.

81. A source of potential error in an aerial photograph is the relief displacement, which arises
from the three-dimensional aspect of terrain features.

82. Orthophotos are vertical photographs that have been geometrically “corrected” to remove
the curvature and terrain-induced error from images.

83. In ArcMap, the data frame provides a geographic window in which you can display and
work with geographic information as a series of map layers.

84. In ArcMap, the layout view provides a page view where map elements such as the data
frame, a scale bar, and a map title, are arranged on a page for map printing.

85. The Table of Contents in ArcMap, lists all the layers on the map and shows what the features
in each layer represent.

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86. ArcCatalog is used to organize and manage various types of geographic information as
logical collections. For example, the data, maps, and results of your current GIS projects that you
work with in ArcGIS.

87. Buffering is the process of creating an output polygon layer containing a zone (or zones) of a
specified width around an input point, line, or polygon feature.

88. Constant width buffers require users to input a value by which features are buffered.

89. Variable width buffers call on a premade buffer field within the attribute table to determine
the buffer width for each specific feature in the dataset.

90. Multiple ring buffers can be made such that a series of concentric buffer zones are created
around the originating feature at user-specified distances.

91. The dissolve operation combines adjacent polygon features in a single feature dataset based
on a single predetermined attribute.

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92. The append operation creates an output polygon layer by combining the spatial extent of
two or more layers.

93. The select operation creates an output layer

based on a user-defined query that selects particular
features from the input layer.

94. The merge operation combines features within

a point, line, or polygon layer into a single feature
with identical attribute information.

95. In a GIS, an overlay is the process of taking two or more different thematic maps of the same
area and placing them on top of one another to form a new map.

96. The Point-in-Polygon Overlay

operation requires a point input layer and a
polygon overlay layer.

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97. The Polygon-on-Point Overlay

operation is the opposite of the point-in-
polygon operation. In this case, the
polygon layer is the input, while the point
layer is the overlay.

98. A Line-on-Line Overlay operation

requires line features for both the input and
overlay layer.

99. The Line-in-Polygon Overlay

operation is similar to the point-in-polygon
overlay, with that obvious exception that a
line input layer is used instead of a point
input layer.

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100. The Polygon-on-Line Overlay

operation is the opposite of the line-in-
polygon operation. In this case, the
polygon layer is the input, while the line
layer is the overlay.

101. The Polygon-in-Polygon overlay

operation employs a polygon input and a
polygon overlay. This is the most
commonly used overlay operation.

102. The following plot refers to:

Union: It preserves all features, attribute information,

and spatial extents from both input layers.

Intersect: The output layer covers the spatial extent of

the overlay and contains features and attributes from
both the input and overlay.

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Symmetrical Difference: results in the opposite output

as an intersection. The output polygon layer represents
those areas common to only one of the feature datasets.

Identity (minus): creates an output layer with the

spatial extent of the input layer but includes attribute
information from the overlay

Clip: is used to extract those features from an input

point, line, or polygon layer that falls within the spatial
extent of the clip layer.

Erase: is essentially the opposite of a clip. It preserves

only those areas outside the extent of the analogous
erase layer.

Split: is used to divide an input layer into two or more layers

based on a split layer.

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