The development of an image interpretation key is a crucial step in remote sensing analysis,

as it provides a standardized framework for interpreting and classifying features observed in

remotely sensed imagery. Image interpretation keys are particularly useful for tasks that
involve multiple interpreters, as they ensure consistency and accuracy in image
interpretation.

Steps in Developing an Image Interpretation Key

1. Define the Purpose and Scope: Clearly identify the purpose of the image
interpretation key and the specific types of imagery it will be used for. This helps in
tailoring the key to the specific application and ensures its relevance to the task at
hand.
2. Identify Image Interpretation Elements: Determine the key elements that will be
used to interpret the imagery. These elements typically include size, shape, shadow,
tone, color, texture, pattern, and association.
3. Gather Reference Data: Collect high-quality reference data to support the
development of the image interpretation key. This reference data can include
ground-truth data, aerial photography, and existing maps or GIS data.
4. Develop Interpretation Guidelines: Establish clear and concise guidelines for
interpreting each image interpretation element. These guidelines should provide
detailed descriptions and examples to aid in consistent interpretation.
5. Create Interpretation Tables: Develop tables or matrices that summarize the
interpretation guidelines for each image interpretation element. These tables should be
organized to facilitate easy reference and comparison.
6. Validate and Refine: Test the image interpretation key with a representative sample of
imagery to ensure its effectiveness and identify any areas for improvement. Refine the
key based on the validation results.
7. Document and Disseminate: Document the image interpretation key clearly and
comprehensively, including the purpose, scope, interpretation elements, guidelines,
and validation results. Distribute the key to all relevant users to ensure consistent
interpretation.

Example of an Image Interpretation Key for Forest Types

Image Coniferous Forest Deciduous Forest Mixed Forest
Interpretation
Element

Size Large, extensive Smaller, Variable,

stands fragmented depending on
stands species
composition

Shape Irregular, often More regular, Combination of

determined by often reflecting irregular and
topography human influence regular shapes

Shadow Long, dark Less pronounced Variable shadows

shadows due to shadows due to depending on
upright tree deciduous species
structure canopy composition

Tone Darker tone due Lighter tone due Variable tone

to dense canopy to open canopy depending on
species
composition

Color Dark green, Bright green, Combination of

blue-green hues yellow-green green hues
hues

Texture Coarse texture Fine texture due Variable texture

due to needle-like to broad leaves depending on
leaves species
composition

Pattern Regular pattern in Irregular pattern Variable pattern

some coniferous due to deciduous depending on
 Image Coniferous Forest Deciduous Forest Mixed Forest
Interpretation
Element

forests, irregular canopy species

in others composition

Association Often found in Often found in Found in a variety

mountainous lowland regions of habitats
regions

Additional Considerations

● Imagery Type: The image interpretation key should be tailored to the specific type of
imagery being used, such as aerial photography, satellite imagery, or lidar data.
● Scale: The key should consider the scale of the imagery, as interpretation details may
vary depending on the spatial resolution.
● Geographic Location: The key should account for regional variations in vegetation
and land cover patterns.
● Temporal Changes: The key should be updated periodically to reflect changes in land
cover and vegetation due to natural or human factors.