About this Book

Learning Objectives
Section 22
XX Xxxxxxxx
Area and Perimeter
Xxxxxxxxx Showing which bits of the specification
are covered in each section.
22.1 Rectangles and Triangles
You should already be familiar with area and perimeter, but for GCSE you’ll
need to work them out for all sorts of shapes, including composite shapes.
We’ll start off with the basics — squares, rectangles and triangles.
||
|| | | | | |

Prior Knowled
| | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |
Prior Knowledge Checks

| |
Perimeter ge Check:

|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |

| | | | | | | | |
Be familiar with

Learning Objective — Spec Ref G17:

properties of trian
squares and rect
the
gles,
Pointing you to the parts of the book
angles.
that you should be familiar with

| | | | |
Be able to find the perimeter of rectangles and triangles. See p.242-246. | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | ||
| | | | | | | |

Perimeter (P) is the distance around the outside of a shape. You can work it out before moving on to this topic.
by adding up the lengths of all the sides, or by learning these formulas.

Rectangle length (l) c

a

Square length (l)

Triangle
width (w) b Explanations
P = 4l P = 2l + 2w P=a+b+c
Clear explanations of every topic.
Example 1

Find the perimeter of each of these shapes. Tip: The little lines
1. Write down a) (or ‘tick marks’) on
the formula for
the sides of the shape
Tips
10 cm

P = 4l in part a) show that

perimeter. those sides are the
= 4 × 10
2. Substitute the same length — so you
lengths of the sides
= 40 cm
know it’s a square. Lots of useful tips to help you get
into the formula. b) 5 cm
3. Simplify the
P = 2l + 2w
= (2 × 3) + (2 × 5)
your head around the tricky bits.
3 cm

answer and don’t = 6 + 10

forget to include = 16 cm
the units.
c)
6.2

Examples
m

m P=a+b+c
4.1

= 4.1 + 8.3 + 6.2

= 18.6 m
8.3 m
Plenty of step-by-step worked examples.
Section 22 Area and Perimeter 345

Exercise 2
In the following questions, write any repeated prime factors as powers.

Q1 a) Copy and complete the following factor trees.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
14 33 10 25
2 ? ? 3 ? ? ? ?
b) Use your factor trees to write the following as products of prime factors.
(i) 14 (ii) 33 (iii) 10 (iv) 25

Exercises (with worked answers) Q2 Write the following numbers as the product of two prime factors.
a) 15 b) 21 c) 22
• Lots of practice for every topic, with fully d) 6 e) 14 f) 26

worked answers at the back of the book. Q3 a) Copy and complete the following factor trees.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
30 44 24 72
• The more challenging 2 ? 2 ? 3 ? 9 8

questions are marked like this: Q1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ?

b) Use your factor trees to write the following as the product of prime factors.
(i) 30 (ii) 44 (iii) 24 (iv) 72
70
Q4 Copy and complete the factor tree on the right
and use it to find the prime factorisation of 70. ? ?

? ?

Q5 Use factor trees to write the following numbers as the product of prime factors.
Problem Solving a) 42 b) 84 c) 190 d) 210

Q6 Write the following as the product of prime factors.

Problem solving questions involve skills a) 128 b) 168 c) 325

such as combining different areas of d) 98 e) 225 f) 1000

maths or interpreting given information Q9

Q7 Square numbers have all their prime factors raised to even powers.
For example, 36 = 22 × 32 and 64 = 26.

to identify what’s being asked for. a) Write 75 as a product of prime factors.

b) What is the smallest number you could multiply 75 by to

Questions that involve problem form a square number? Explain your answer.

solving are marked with stamps. Section 4 Multiples and Factors 57