Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter encompasses the summary of findings, conclusions, and

recommendations generated from the results of the study.

Summary of Findings

This study determined the participatory varietal selection of pigmented and

aromatic rice (Oryza Sativa) varieties in Sitio 1 Brgy. Biñan Pagsanjan Laguna.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: How to determine the

participatory varietal selection of pigmented and aromatic rice (Oryza Sativa)

varieties regarding to: height; flower formation; and maturity date? What is the

level of performance of participatory varietal selection of pigmented and aromatic

rice (Oryza Sativa) varieties regarding to: panicle length grain; cleaned and

unclean grain; and seed weight? Is there a significant difference of participatory

varietal selection of pigmented and aromatic rice (Oryza Sativa) varieties at Sitio

1 Brgy. Biñan Pagsanjan Laguna?

In this study, the experimental research design was adopted. It was used

to perform scientifically based experimental study utilizing two sets of variables.

The experimental design was used to determine the impact of an independent

variable on a dependent variable. An experimental design enabled a researcher

to objectively investigate the relationship between factors, boosting the accuracy

of the outcome.
 The researchers gathered data, and the findings to support or refute the

theory. This research approach was known as hypothesis testing or deductive

research (Babbie 4 in Darci J. Harland 1). Data was gathered through

experimental setups. The features of these setups included the ability to assess

their validity and reliability based on durability, flexibility, and strength tests. That

helped to determine what the intended outcomes of this experimental analysis

are.

This study was conducted on January 2023 at Sitio 1 Brgy. Biñan Pagsanjan

Laguna. The study aimed to determine the participatory varietal selection of

pigmented and aromatic rice (Oryza Sativa) varieties. The study's respondents

were only limited to the farmers of Sitio 1 Brgy. Biñan Pagsanjan Laguna.

Based on the data presented, analyzed, and interpreted, the following were

the findings:

1. Black Rice obtained the longest number of days before flower

emergence with an average day of 90.500 and a maximum day of 94; followed

by Glutinous Black Rice with 84 average day and a maximum day of 87. The

treatment with the shortest number of days before flower emergence was

observed with Rc222 with 64.500 average days.

2. Black Rice obtained the longest number of days before flower

emergence with an average day of 117 and a maximum day of 118; followed by

Glutinous Black Rice with 113.750 average day and a maximum day of 117. The

treatment with the shortest number of days before flower emergence was

observed with Rc216 with 108 average days.

 3. Black Rice obtained the longest number of days before harvesting with

an average day of 117; followed by Glutinous Black Rice and Rc480 with 113

average days of before harvesting. The Red Rice, Rc222 and Rc216 was

harvested earlier among other variety given the average number of days of 110

days.

4. Red Rice obtained the tallest in-plant height with a mean of 59.870 cm

and a maximum height of 125 followed by Black Rice with 59.343 mean and a

maximum height of 114. The treatment with the lowest in height plan was RC480

with a 53.163 mean.

5. Glutinous Black Rice obtained the highest average number of

productive tillers of 16.375 followed by Rc222 with 15.375 mean and a maximum

number of 36.00. The treatment with the lowest in average number of productive

tillers was Red Rice with a 11.525 mean.

6. Black Rice obtained the highest average number of unproductive tillers

of 4.650 followed by Rc222 with 4.200 mean and a maximum number of 10.00.

The treatment with the lowest in average number of unproductive tillers was

Rc216 with a 2.575 mean.

7. Rc222 obtained the highest average number of panicles upon maturity

of 56.050 followed by Rc216 with 53.625 average number of panicles upon

maturity and a maximum number of 70 panicles. The treatment with the lowest

average number of panicles upon maturity was Red Rice with a 46.550 average

number of panicles upon maturity.

8. Rc222 obtained the highest average number of tillers upon maturity of

19.825 followed by Glutinous Black Rice with 16.375 average number of tillers
upon maturity and a maximum number of 31 tillers. The treatment with the lowest

average number of tillers upon maturity was Red Rice with a 11.525 average

number of tillers upon maturity.

9. Rc216 obtained the heaviest weight of 1000 grains with a mean of

27.600 and a maximum weight of 32.00 followed by Glutinous Black Rice with

26.900 average weight and a maximum of 30.00. The treatment with the lowest

in weight of 1000 grains is Rc222 and Rc480 with both 24.525 average weight.

10. Black Rice obtained the greatest number of filled grains with a mean of

83.675 and a maximum number of 106.00 filled grains; followed by Glutinous

Black Rice with 75.125 average number of filled grains and a maximum of 100.00

filled grains. The treatment with the least number of filled grains was Rc222 with

only 36.275 average number of filled grains.

11. Red Rice obtained the greatest number of unfilled grains with a mean

of 136.600 and a maximum number of 145.000 unfilled grains; followed by Black

Rice with 130.850 average number of unfilled grains and a maximum of 145.00

unfilled grains. The treatment with the least number of unfilled grains was Rc216

with only 97.075 average number of unfilled grains.

12. Rc222 obtained the heaviest weight with a mean of 4.000 and a

maximum weight of 4.500 followed by Glutinous Black Rice and black rice with

3.063 each average weight and a maximum of 3.500 and 3.750 respectively. The

treatment with the lowest in weight was observed in Red Rice with 2.313 average

weight.

12. Rc222 obtained the heaviest weight with a mean of 6.425 and a

maximum weight of 6.75; followed by Rc216 with 5.75 average weight and a
maximum of 6.00 respectively. The treatment with the lowest in weight was

observed in Glutinous Black with 2.6625 average weight.

13. Red rice obtained the heaviest weight with a mean of 12.440 and a

maximum weight of 12.700; followed by Black Rice with 9.705 average weight

and a maximum of 10.400 respectively. The treatment with the lowest in weight

was observed in Rc480 with 8.130 average weight.

14. Sensory analysis in terms of Aroma with the highest mean score was

obtained by Rc216 followed by Black rice with 3.70 weighted mean which both

equate to Most Preferred. Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that there was a

significant difference exists among treatment average rank between the rice

samples in terms of Aroma.

15. Sensory analysis in terms of Color with the highest mean score was

obtained by Rc216 followed by Rc222 with 3.80 weighted mean which both

equate to Most Preferred. Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that there was a

significant difference exists among treatment average rank between the rice

samples in terms of Color.

16. Sensory analysis in terms of Flavor with the highest mean score was

obtained by Rc216 followed by Rc222 with 3.65 weighted mean which both

equate to Most Preferred. Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that there was a

significant difference exists among treatment average rank between the rice

samples in terms of Flavor.

17. Sensory analysis in terms of Gloss with the highest mean score was

obtained by Rc222 followed by Black Rice with 3.60 weighted mean which both

equate to Most Preferred. Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that there is no

significant difference exists among treatment average rank between the rice

samples in terms of Gloss.

18. Sensory analysis in terms of Tenderness with the highest mean score

was obtained by Rc216 followed by Rc222 with 3.63 weighted mean which both

equate to Most Preferred. Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed that there was a

significant difference exists among treatment average rank between the rice

samples in terms of Tenderness.

19. Sensory analysis in terms of General Appearance with the highest

mean score was obtained by Rc216 followed by Rc222 and Rc480 both with 3.63

weighted mean which equate to Most Preferred. Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed

that there was a significant difference exists among treatment average rank

between the rice samples in terms of General Appearance.

20. The descriptive statistics of the % of milling recovery per treatment

that rRc222 obtained the highest milling recovery of 63%; followed by Black Rice

with59% milling recovery. The treatment with the lowest in milling recovery was

observed in Rc480 with 52%. In Addition, having a computed p-value of 0.416 in

the Analysis of Variance signifies that there was no significant difference in the

percentage of milling recovery among treatments.

21. The descriptive statistics of the number of dry of kilo of grains per

treatment that rRc222 obtained the highest number of dry grains with 20 kilos;

followed by Rc480 with 18 kilos of dry grains. The treatment with the lowest in

dry grain was observed in Glutinous Black Rice with only 6 kilos of dry grains. In

Addition, having a computed p-value of 0.416 in the Analysis of Variance

signifies that there was no significant difference in the number of dry grains per

treatment.

22. The weekly in-plant height from week 1 to 10 that PRLB- 001902

(Glutinous Black rice) has the tallest height in the most of the weeks, especially

for the last 4 weeks with an average height of 59.97, followed by PRLB- 001901

(Black rice) with 59.355 average height. The treatment with the lowest average

height upon reaching the 8th, 9th and 10th week was observed in GSR IR1-8-S6-

S3-Y2 (NSIC Rc480) with 77.9, 78.55, 90.725 average height respectively.

23. The descriptive statistics of the computed yield per treatment that

NSIC Rc480 obtained the highest computed yield with a mean of 54854.47;

followed by NSIC Rc222 with 31164.23 mean in computed yield. The treatment

with the lowest number when it comes to computed yield is the NSIC Rc216with

20889.32 mean. In Addition, having a computed p-value of 0.000 in the Analysis

of Variance signifies that there was a significant difference in terms of computed

yield among treatments.

24. The descriptive statistics of the adjusted yield per hectare and

treatment that NSIC Rc480 obtained the highest adjusted yield per hectare with a

mean of 37.33; followed by NSIC Rc222 with 36.72 mean in adjusted yield per

hectare. The treatment with the lowest number when it comes to adjusted yield

per hectare was the red rice with 9.41 mean. In Addition, having a computed p-

value of 0.000 in the Analysis of Variance signifies that there was a significant

difference in terms of adjusted yield per hectare among treatments.

Conclusions

Based on the findings and procedures, it was revealed that the field

experiment and preference analysis conducted, it can be concluded that Rc216

followed by Black rice has the most preferred in terms of aroma, Rc216 followed

by Rc222 has the most preferred in terms of color, Rc216 followed by Rc222 has

the most preferred in terms of flavor, Rc222 followed by Black Rice has the most

preferred in terms of gloss, Rc216 followed by Rc222 has the most preferred in

terms of tenderness, and Rc216 followed by Rc222 and Rc480 has the most

preferred in terms of general appearance in the participatory varietal selection of

pigmented and aromatic rice (Oryza Sativa) varieties in Sitio 1 Brgy. Biñan

Pagsanjan Laguna.

Based on the findings and procedures, it was revealed that the field

experiment and preference analysis conducted, it can be concluded that in the

descriptive statistics of the % of milling recovery per treatment that rRc222

obtained the highest milling recovery followed by Black Rice, the descriptive

statistics of the number of dry of kilo of grains per treatment that rRc222 obtained

the highest number of dry grains followed by Rc480, the weekly in-plant height

from week 1 to 10 that PRLB- 001902 (Glutinous Black rice) has the tallest height

in the most of the weeks, especially for the last 4 weeks followed by PRLB-

001901 (Black rice), the descriptive statistics of the computed yield per treatment

that NSIC Rc480 obtained the highest computed yield followed by NSIC Rc222

and the descriptive statistics of the adjusted yield per hectare and treatment that
NSIC Rc480 obtained the highest adjusted yield per hectare followed by NSIC

Rc222 in the participatory varietal selection of pigmented and aromatic rice

(Oryza Sativa) varieties in Sitio 1 Brgy. Biñan Pagsanjan Laguna.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions drawn, the following are hereby

recommended such as the use of Rc216 and Rc222 in the participatory varietal

selection of pigmented and aromatic rice (Oryza Sativa) varieties in Sitio 1 Brgy.

Biñan Pagsanjan Laguna is commended. Similar research using other promising

pigmented rice varieties may possibly be accepted in other agroecosystems for

better assess their yield potential. Future research to investigate relevant issues

concerning in the participatory varietal selection of pigmented and aromatic rice

(Oryza Sativa) varieties in Sitio 1 Brgy. Biñan Pagsanjan Laguna may be

conducted by enlarging the scope and number of respondents to obtain more

conclusive results.