Sympathetic Nervous System

1. Increased Heart Rate: The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the

heart, increasing the heart rate and the force of heart contractions to
enhance blood flow, especially during stress or physical activity.
2. Dilation of Airways: It causes the bronchial tubes in the lungs to
dilate, improving oxygen intake during physical exertion or stress.
3. Pupil Dilation: The sympathetic nervous system causes the pupils to
dilate, allowing more light into the eyes, which can enhance vision in
low-light conditions.
4. Inhibition of Digestion: It slows down digestive processes by
reducing the activity of the stomach and intestines, diverting blood
and energy to muscles and other systems needed for 'fight or flight'
responses.
5. Release of Glucose: It stimulates the liver to release glucose into the
bloodstream, providing a quick energy source for the body to respond
to immediate needs.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

1. Decreased Heart Rate: The parasympathetic nervous system acts to

slow down the heart rate, conserving energy and lowering blood
pressure after a stressor has passed.
2. Constriction of Airways: It constricts the bronchial tubes in the lungs,
which is part of the body's rest and digest state, conserving energy
when high oxygen intake is not necessary.
3. Pupil Constriction: The parasympathetic nervous system causes the
pupils to constrict, which is normal in bright light conditions to protect
the retina from excessive light exposure.
4. Stimulation of Digestion: It stimulates the digestive tract to increase
activity, promoting digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.
5. Stimulation of Saliva Production: The parasympathetic nervous
system activates glands that produce saliva, which is essential for
beginning the digestive process and maintaining oral health.