MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION OF MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY
MEDIA - Describes any channel of communication. The
physical objects used to communicate with, such as radio,
television, computers, film, etc.
LITERACY - The ability to identify, understand, interpret,
create, communicate and compute, using printed and
written materials associated with varying contexts.
MEDIA LITERACY - The ability to access, analyze, evaluate,
and create media in a variety of forms.
INFORMATION - A broad term that covers processed data,
knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction,
signals or symbols.
INFORMATION LITERACY - The ability to recognize when
information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and
effectively communicate information in its various formats.
COMMUNICATION
- Refers to people of groups of people imparting or
exchanging messages through speaking, writing, gestures,
or even using symbolic forms by utilizing a variety of
channels for sending and receiving.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
1. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION – a form of
communication that involves two to three individuals
interacting through the use of their voices and bodies.
2. MEDIATED INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION – this
communication uses devices such as pen, telephone, or
computer as a mediator when you cannot and need not to
talk face-to-face.
3. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION – People
communicate differently in a working environment such as
small group class activities, email sent by class advisers to
learners’ group chat.
4. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION – involves one person
communicating to a large number of people.
5. MASS COMMUNICATION – systems that are configured
to create, produce, and disseminate media texts to mass
audiences.
MESSAGE - A form of communication (information,
feelings and ideas) passed or transmitted using a channel.”
It is a collection of symbols that appear purposefully
organized to those sending or receiving them.
LESSON 2
The Evolution of Traditional to New Media (Lecture)
Pre-industrial age (Before 1700s) - People discovered fire,
developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and
tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron.
Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) - People used the power of
steam, developed machine tools, established iron
production, and the manufacturing of various products
(including books through the printing press.
Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The invention of the
transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed
the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio,
electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age,
long distance communication became more efficient.
Information Age (1900s-2000s) ❖- The Internet paved the
way for faster communication and the creation of the
social network. People advanced the use of
microelectronics with the invention of personal computers,
mobile devices, and wearable technology.
LESSON 3
Information Literacy (Lecture)
Information - Data that has been collected, processed and
interpreted in order to be presented in a usable form.
Literacy - The ability to identify, understand, interpret,
create, communicate and compute, using printed and
written materials associated with varying contexts.
Information Literacy - A set of individual competencies
needed to identify, evaluate and use information in the
most ethical, efficient and effective way. The ability to
recognize when data is needed, and to locate, evaluate and
effectively communicate information in its various formats.
Ethical Use of Information
Plagiarism: Using other people’s words and ideas without
clearly acknowledging the source of the information.
Quotation: Using someone’s words directly. When you use
a direct quote, place the passage between quotation
marks, and document the source according to a standard
documenting style.
Paraphrase: Using someone’s ideas, but rephrasing them
in your own words. Although you will use your own words
to paraphrase, you must still acknowledge and cite the
source of the information.
Copyright - A legal device that gives the creator of a
literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole
right to publish and sell that work.
LESSON 4
Types of Media
Print Media
Broadcast Media
New Media (Internet)
PRINT MEDIA
Print Media - media consisting of paper and ink,
reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally
mechanical.
Newspaper - Published nationwide, and in local formats.
They are typically published daily or weekly.
Magazines - Magazines are printed periodicals, typically
released on a monthly or bimonthly basis. They are usually
geared towards a specific intended audience, and they
often have a specific focus or niche.
Books - For centuries, books have been an important
source of both entertainment and education.
Comic books - Comic books are illustrated stories that tell
a story through image sequences rather than paragraph-
form writing. Targeted at youths, they tend to feature
superhero characters and include elements of fantasy or
science fiction.
Letters - Letters are generally a one-to-one form of
communication between either two individuals or a
business and an individual.
BROADCAST MEDIA
Broadcast Media - media such as radio and television that
reach target audiences using airwaves as the transmission
medium.
Radio - Sound communication by radio waves, usually
through the transmission of music, news, and other types
of programs from single broadcast stations to multitudes
of individual listeners equipped with radio receivers.
Television - A system for transmitting visual images and
sound that are reproduced on screens, chiefly used to
broadcast programs for entertainment, information, and
education
NEW MEDIA
NEW MEDIA - Content organized and distributed on digital
platforms.
Websites - A set of related web pages located under a
single domain name, typically produced by a single person
or organization.
Blogs - a website that contains online personal reflections,
comments, and often hyperlinks, videos, and photographs
provided by the writer. Vlogs - A blog that contains video
material.
Social Media Platforms - Are interactive digital channels
that focus on the creation and sharing of thoughts, ideas,
and information through virtual networks.
Media Convergence - The co-existence of traditional and
new media.
“The media can be influenced by society and can in turn
influence society”
LESSON 5
Media Information Sources
Primary Information Sources - Primary information
sources are original materials which have not been
interpreted, condensed or evaluated by a second party.
(ex. autobiography, personal letter, diary, manuscript,
speech, painting, interview, patent, court record)
Secondary Information Sources - Secondary Information
sources analyze, interpret, or discuss about a primary
information source. (ex. Encyclopedia, newspaper article,
commentary, biography, research article book review)
Tertiary Information Sources - Tertiary information
sources list, compile, or index primary and secondary
sources. (ex. Almanac, directory, manual, handbook,
guidebook, index)
TYPES INFORMATION SOURCES
Library - A building or room containing collections of
books, periodicals, and sometimes films and recorded
music for people to read, borrow, or refer to.
Classification of Library
❖Academic Library ❖Special Library
❖Public Library ❖School Library
Internet – according to shelly and campbell (2012),
internet is a global network of computers that allows
computer users around the world to share information for
various purposes.
Indigenous Media - A media expression conceptualized,
produced, and circulated by indigenous peoples around
the globe as vehicles for communication, including cultural
preservation, cultural and artistic expression, political self-
determination, and cultural sovereignty.
Examples of Indigenous Media:
FOLK SONGS FOLK DANCES FOLKTALES
LESSON 6
MEDIA INFORMATION LANGUAGES
Language - A system of arbitrary, vocal symbols that
permit all people in a given culture to communicate or
interact.
Media Languages - Codes, conventions, symbols and
narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media
messages to an audience.
Aspects of Media Language
❖Media codes
❖Media conventions
❖Media messages
Media Codes
- Tools used to construct or suggest meaning in media
forms that have a commonly established meaning to the
target audience.
Types of Media code
1. Technical codes – specific to a media form alone which
include sound, camera angles, types of shots and lighting
CAMERA SHOT
Wide Shot (WS) - Also known as a long shot, this shot
captures a broad view of the scene, showing the subject
within its surrounding environment.
Medium Shot (MS). This shot frames the subject from the
waist up, offering a closer view than a wide shot but still
showing some of the surrounding environment.
Close-Up (CU) In a close-up shot, the camera focuses
closely on the subject's face or a specific object,
emphasizing detail and emotion.
Extreme Close-Up (ECU): This shot zooms in even closer
than a closeup, focusing intensely on a particular feature
or detail.
Over-the Shoulder Shot (OTS) This shot is taken from
behind one character's shoulder, showing another
character’s perspective looking at or interacting with the
subject.
Two-Shot. This shot frames two characters within the
same frame, often emphasizing their relationship or
interaction.
Point-of-View Shot (POV): This shot shows the scene from
the perspective of a character, allowing the audience to
see what the character sees.
CAMERA ANGLE
High Angle Shot - In this shot, the camera is positioned
above the subject, looking down on them. This can convey
vulnerability or powerlessness.
Low Angle Shot. The camera is positioned below the
subject, looking up at them. This can convey dominance or
authority.
Dutch Angle Shot. Also known as a canted angle or oblique
angle, this shot is taken with the camera tilted to create a
sense of imbalance or disorientation.
Eye-Level Angle: The camera is positioned at the same
height as the subject's eyes, providing a neutral and
natural perspective.
Bird's Eye View. The camera is positioned directly above
the scene, providing a view as if seen from a bird flying
overhead.
CAMERA MOVEMENT
Pan - The camera swivels horizontally from left to right or
vice versa, capturing a panoramic view of the scene.
Tilt - The camera moves vertically, either upward or
downward. Tilt movements can reveal vertical elements in
the scene or emphasize height or depth.
Zoom - The camera's lens zooms in or out to change the
focal length, bringing the subject closer or pulling back to
reveal more of the surroundings
Tracking: The camera physically moves closer to or farther
away from the subject along a track or dolly.
Handheld. The camera is held by the operator's hand,
resulting in a shaky or unstable effect.
2. Symbolic codes – the language, or iconic symbols, dress
or actions of characters, that are easily understood.
3. Written codes – Formal written language used in
creating a media product.
Media Convention
-Refers to a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing
behavior.
Types of Media Conventions
1. Form Conventions - ways in which the types of media
codes are expected to be arranged.
2. Story Conventions- Refers to basic structures of
narratives.
3. Genre Conventions - the common use of the elements
of narratives such as characters, settings, or themes in a
certain type of media.
Media Messages
-Media message is the content or information conveyed
through a specific medium to an audience. It is the
intended meaning or communication that the creator of
the media hopes to convey to the viewers, readers, or
listeners.
LESSON 7
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media Literacy
Information
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8293
- AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
CODE AND ESTABLISHING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
OFFICE, PROVIDING FOR ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Copyright - A legal device that gives the creator of a
literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole
right to publish and sell that work.
Trademark - A symbol, word, or words legally registered or
established by use as representing a company or product.
Geographical Indications - Indications that identify a good
as originating in the territory where a given quality,
reputation or other characteristics of the good is
essentially attributable to its geographic origin.
Industrial Designs - An applied art whereby the aesthetics
and usability of massproduced products for marketability
and production.
Patents - A government authority or license conferring a
right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to
exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention:
Layout Designs - the plan or design or arrangement of
something laid out.
Protection of Undisclosed Information - Confidential
information and trade secrets or know-how.
ETHICHAL
Netiquette - The set of rules about behavior that is
acceptable when communicating with people over the
internet
SOCIETAL
Cyber Bullying - Bullying that takes place online, or using
electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and
tablets over communication tools including social media
sites, text messages, chat, and websites.
Computer Addiction - The excessive use of computers to
the extent that it interferes with daily life.
Digital divide - An economic inequality between groups in
terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT.
LESSON 8
Opportunities, Challenges and Power in Media and
Information
Opportunity - A set of circumstances that makes it possible
to do something
❖Economy ❖Education
❖Social ❖Political
Economy
❖Economic actors need accurate and timely information
❖ Investors increase value and demand a governance
monitoring role from the media.
❖ Can provide information and monitoring to the
economic policy development process.
❖ It can reduce political risk and increase good governance
 Education
❖Video has become a compelling tool for educational
representation.
❖Teachers and pre-service teachers use it to study
pedagogy.
❖Researchers use it for capturing and examining how
learning happens, as they unfold
Social
❖The media of today is playing an outstanding role in
creating and shaping of public opinion and strengthening
of society.
❖Media is the sword arm of democracy. ❖Media acts as
watchdog to protect public interest against malpractice
and create public awareness.
Political
❖The internet has played a large role in this
transformation. Social media, in particular, is now a serious
factor in political campaigns and in the way people think
about issues.
❖Candidates and their supporters constantly post their
views online. Each party has its own pages, from which it
broadcasts propaganda and requests donations.
News around the clock - One of the ways that social
media has transformed politics is the sheer speed at which
news, poll results, and rumors are shared.
Direct interaction with politicians - The opportunity for
voters to interact more easily with candidates and elected
officials.
Challenges - It is something new and difficult which
requires great effort and determination.
Illegal Contents - It’s any type of content that could be
damaging to young people.
Cybercrime - Criminal activity or a crime that involves the
Internet, a computer system, or computer technology.
Identity theft - It is the deliberate use of someone else's
identity, usually as a method to gain a financial advantage
or obtain credit and other benefits in the other person's
name, and perhaps to the other person's disadvantage or
loss.
Power - Media power' means the concentration of
symbolic power in media institutions, particularly those of
television, radio, and the press.
Banks of the future - New financial technology companies
are using social media to help people simply open a bank
account. Social media can even impact your ability to get a
loan.
LESSON 9
Current and Future Trend in Media Literacy Information
Haptics technology - Is a feedback technology (using
computer applications) that takes advantage of the user’s
sense of touch by applying force, vibrations and/or
motions to the User.
Contextual awareness - The ability of a system or system
component to gather information about its environment at
any given time and adapt behaviors accordingly.
Voice and tone recognition - The use of voice and tone to
confirm person’s identity, security and healthcare.
Eye tracking technology - Measures eye positions and
movements which are analyzed through computer
applications.
Internet glass - Technology that can display images directly
onto our retinas while not blocking our sight.
3D environment - A computer-controlled digital setting,
which appears as a background in the videogames and
animated movies. It is created with the illusion of depth.
Hologram - A three-dimensional image formed by the
interference of light beams from a laser or other coherent
light source
Massive Open Online Content (MOOC) - An open online
course aimed at unlimited participation and open access
via the internet.
Ubiquitous Learning - It is aimed to provide anyone with
content and interaction anytime and anywhere.
LESSON 10
Fact-checking - Verifying the accuracy and credibility of
factual claims, statements, or information before accepting
or sharing them.
Various ways in Fact-checking
❖ Research primary sources.
❖ Consult experts
❖ Analyze data and statistics.
❖ Cross-reference information with reputable sources.
❖ Use technology or fact-checking tools