6
KOREAN FISHERIES
Their present and future
by Chyung Moon Ki, Planning Board, Republic of Korea
I. OUTLINE
Korea is a peninsula. It faces, in the east,
a deep sea whose greatest depth is 3,712
metres and whose tidal range is only about one
metre; in most of the eastern sea there flows a cold
current. In the western sea, the difference between
ebb and flow is about ten metres and the greatest
depth is only 84 metres. Throughout the coast line,
long sand beaches and deltas face the famous shallow
sea of Whang Hai. In the southern coast, many
islands form an archipelago which is most suitable
for the growth of marine organisms. Inland, there
are many rivers and streams such as Tuman River
and Yalu River which start .from the Chunji Lake
on top of Mt. Paiktoo. There are many dams for
electric power and irrigation purposes. All the in-
land waters provide fresh water for the multipli-
cation of fresh-water fish. In the eastern sea,
where the cold and warm currents meet, a single
kind of plankton, which is the food for fish, grows
richly, and such cold current .fish as alaska pollock
and such warm current fish as pilchard are so richly
produced as to permit one of the highest peaks of
production in the world. In the coastal sea of
Whang Hai where salt and fresh water niix, the
extensive tidal sand beach is wide oDen and the
organic fertiliser is abundantly produced. Such
warm current fish as corvenia, lobster and Ilisha
elongata (a species of herring), and such molluscs as
clam (Cytherea meretrix) , Tapes phili~~inarum, and
octopus (Octopus octopodia or poulpe) find their
breeding ground everywhere. In the archipelago
where the proper current receives the organic ferti-
lizer poured in from the islands and inland, a cradle
region of propagation of various marine creatures
is formed and such marine plants as dulse, Japanese
jelly plant (Gellidium unamino) and Gloiopelfis
furcata (or Glowpeltis tenux) find one of their
richest grounds in the world. As to the inland
waters, the Yalu River includes both cold and warm
regions and produces richly such delicious fish as
Yulmagi (Brachymystax lenok) and Sarugi (Thy-
.
mallus jaluensis) The Chungchun and Naktong
Rivers produce Plecoglossus altivelis (a kind of
trout). The Keumkang and Y-gsan Rivers pro-
duce their own particular kinds of Chong U
(Leiocassis dumerili). A b u t 700 kinds of fish are
found in Korean coastal seas and inland waters; of
them over 150 are fresh water fish.
In the north, the coastal sea, where flatfish and
sole have their gathering grounds, leads to the
Ochkotsk Sea, which is one of the three greatest
fishing grounds in the world. In the south, the
eastern China Sea, which is west of Cheju Island
and into which the Yangtze River drains, contains
precious trawl fishing grounds. I t leads to Borneo
and the Suada Straits, which are the cradle regions
for tropical fish and reaches the Antarctic Ocean,
which is the home of whaling.
The coast line is unusually developed. On the
main land alone it is 8,693 km. long. W h n the
3,3 05 coastal islands are added, the coast line has a
length of 17,269 km. Fishing grounds can be found
almost everywhere in the coastal sea of Korea and,
except for those of the coast of Wungi, none of the
ports is frozen in winter, and practically all of the
ports are open for fishing vessels throughout the
year. If proper measures are taken and processing
facilities are provided, the fishery .can be naturally
developed in this region so lavishly provided for
fishing.
Though there were such rich grounds for fishiig,
the industry could not be developed in the feudalistic
period when the people, from their ignorance and
prejudice, ignored the good grounds and fishermen
clung to the in-shore grounds without even thinking
of the oceans. However, from the beginning of the
20th Century, modern scientific technique and
capital were imported, and the Korean fishery began
to see rapid development. Especially in 1922 when
the fishing ground for pilchard in the eastern sea
was found, and during the ensuing 20 years, that
single kind of fish made new record, both in its
production and processing, unparalleled in the his-
tory of the world. Truly in the 193OYs,the Korean
fishery met its golden age. In 1939, total produc-
tion reached 2,621,199 tons, with a value of
327,322,568 Won (about U.S. $80 million) : fishing
151,098,000 Won; cultured 8,307,876 Won; pro-
cessed 167,916 Won. In that year, the fishery
represented 18 % of the whole Korean industry, and
thus it was next only to agriculture, and Korea be-
came the second fishiig nation in the world.
The main marine organisms of Karea include
about 120 kinds (fish 71 kinds, shell fish 20 kinds,
marine plants 11 kinds, and other 10 kinds); In
1937, the marine products whose value exceeded one In 1939, the amount of exports reached 117
million Won each (about 250 thousand dollars) million Won (about U.S.$28 million at that time) ;
were about 2 1 in number, as the following: 28% of the products were exported to Japan.

1. Pilchard 1,206,700 tons 54,780,000 Won After the fishery reached its golden age,
strangely enough, from 1941 when the Pacific War
2. Alaska Pollack 269,510 ,, 21,020,000 ,, broke out, the migration of ~ilchard,which occupied
3. Corvenia 78,800 ,, 8,190,000 ,, more than haIf of Korean fishery products was sud-
4. Mackerel 62,260 ,, 8,160,000 ,, denly interrupted. Moreover, Japan, with the motto
"Why shall we not use the treasures which have been
5. Laver 2,610 ,, 7,624,000 ,, developed for 36 years?" abolished the laws for the
6. Anchovy 30,040 ,, 5,080,000 ,, protection of fish reproduction and exhausted the
marine resources for her war purposes. Thus the
7. Ha$ Tail 44,640 ,, 4,720,000 ,, products gradually decreased, and from 2,046,243
8. Herring 36,670 ,, 4,180,000 ,, tons in 1939 they fell to 1,318,041 tons in 1941,
845,782 tons in 1942 and finally in 1944, fishing of
9. Lobstershrimp 43,120 ,, 3,750,000 ,, pilchard was eliminated. As the war went on,
10. Cod 17,690 ,, 2,450,000 ,, materials were in short supply, the sea was dangerous
and the marine resources were decreased because of
11. Sole 11,190 ,, 1,930,000 ,, the unrestricted catching. The total products were
12. HorseMackerel 7,800 ,, 1,740,000 ,, only 690,000 tons in 1944.
13. KoreanDulse 5,150 ,, 1,760,000 ,, 11. PRESENT CONDITION
14. Croaker 5,470 9,
1. Amount of products:
1I . U& Kasari
(for Agar Agar) 1,050 ,, Since the liberation, Korea has been divided into
two parts. The actual condition in North Korea is
16. Porgy 1,930 ,, not known, and no account of the fishery of the
17. Chup Mackerel 2,870 ,, whole of Korea can be given. If we estimate from
the evidence in hand, judging from the 268,146 tons
18. Glue Seaweeds 980 ,, of fishery products in South Korea in 1948, the
19. Conger eel 4,910 9, fishery products throughout Korea may be estimated
at about 450,000 tons. Thus, it has not reached
20. Flatfish (tongue the previous average record (600,000 tons for the
fish, halibut) 3,340 9,
whole of Korea, 300,000 tons for South Korea) of
21. Octopus 4,950 ,,. the products. The main cause is the unrestrained
fishing, that is no estimate was made each year, after
The main processed commodities produced were careful investigation and estimation of whole marine
as follows:- resources and the amount of reproduction of the
amount of fishing which would not hinder repro-
FOR FOOD: duction. If this situation is left as it is, the amount
of coastal fishing will gradually decrease. Among
1. Dried Fish 57,040 tons 26,000,000 Won others, the resources of cod fish are being dried up.
2. Salted Fish 61,250 ,, 11,000,000 ,, The products of cod in South Korea were 13,046
tons in 1947, but they were decreased suddenly to
3. Dried ~ o i l e d F i s h 16,160 ,, 10,000,000 ,, 5,124 tons in 1948.
4. Fishsaltenzimmed 16,030 ,, 5,300,000 ,,
CATCH FOR ALL OF KOREA
5. Canned Fish 13,030 ,, 4,600,000 ,, (1938 - 1943)
\

FOR OTHER PURPOSES: Year Tons:

1. Fish Fertilizer 262,860 ton 73,830,000 Won 1938 1,596,033
1939 1,901,033
2. Fish Oil, 1940 1,609,494
Fish Bowel 112,130 ,, 31,000,000 ,, 1941 1,189,909
704,662
3, Sea-Weeds 3,690 ,, 36,100,000 ,, 633,107
 SOUTH KOREA: A. CATCH, B. PROCESSED COMMOD

Shell Fish Sea Grasses Other

Am G m a l fishes Animal an

Year Qmantity Price Quantity Price Quantity Price Quantity

- Quantities are given in tons

00
VI

Dried Salted Canned Other

Year Value Value Value
Shell Fish The principal species in the above catch Kind
are cockle shell, abalone, sea mussel, oyster, topshen, Shark
clams and scallops. Tongue fish
Mullet
Fertilizer, Fats and Oils Sandlance
By products output for 1945: Horse Mackerel
Corvenia (Cho+)
Fresh Fertilizer, 69 m / t Flat Fish
Dried Fertilizer, 83 m/ t Pilchard (sardine)
Herring
By-products, output for 1946: Hair -tail
Shad
Fresh 1:-ertilizer, 112 m / t
Other fishes
Fats and Oils 21 m / t

The estimated potential production of shellfish 2.. SHELL FISHES

is 55,000 metric tons. Fertilizer, 200 n/t; fats and
oils 50 m/t. Since the production of most of Total
these by-products is confined to coastal areas, there Worm-shell
would be little international competition. Oyster
Clam
CLASSIFIED CATCH TOR SOUTH KOREA Cockle
Abalone
Scallop
O ther-shells
Kind Produce

1.' GENERAL FISHES 3. SEAWEEDS

Total Total
Ray Dulse
Flounder Jelly-weed
Kand-da-ri Laver
Black Porgy Glue-weed
Mackerel Other weeds
Saury-pike
Halibut,
No-re-me 4. OTHER SEA-ANIMAL
Perch
Total
Cod -
Crab
Porgy Whale
Alaska Pollack
Octopus
Anchovy
Shrimp
Croaker
Y.el1o Tail Cuttle-fishes
Sea-slug
Eel
Others
Pomf ret
Gray-rock-cod
Conger eel GRAND TOTAL 268,146
Chub-Mackerel
 CLASSIFIED PROCESSED COMMODITIES IN SOUTH KOREA
1946
Quantity Value Quantity Vahe
GRAND TOTAL 74,253 1,040,342 Total, Uneatable 1,293 10,725
Total, Foods 72,960 1,030,617 Dried fertilizer 289 1,734
Dried Food 5,407 152,411 Oils 165 5,206
Salted & dried 1,210 42,633 Medicinal 3 10
Boiled and dried Seaweed
Salted
Salted & acid
6,679
43,492
10,799
240,284
359,183
75,201
Other uneatable
836
- -
3,713

Canned
Eatable sea-weed Note: Unit, Quantity-Metric Ton
Other foods lj605 49;609 Value -w. 1,000
2, Fishermen
In 1947, the fishermen in South Korea numbered men. 136,337 were engaged in culturing, and 1,s 11
504,626. Among them 336,973 were actual fisher- were engaged in processing.

3. Fishing Boats
All Korea)
South Korea)
1942 1945
Type Number Tonnage Number Tonnage Number - Tonnage
Fishing Powered 2,143 35,602 3,277 45,878 2,311 32,354
Fishing Sail 48,981 146,943 61,879 185,637 40,015 120,045
Powered Carrier Vessels 4,370 61,180 4,132 57,848 1,066 14,924

Totals 69,288 289,363

1946 1947
Type . . Number Tonnage Nzcmber Tonnage Number Tonnage
Fishing Powered 1,953 27,343 1,910 26,740 2,792 33,703
Fishing Sail 3 5,707 107,121 3 5,840 107,520 44,138 173,200
818 8,993
Powered Carrier Vessels 392 5,488 371 5,194
-
38,121 139,454 47,748 217,896
Totals 3 8,052 139,951
- -
Type and Tonttage of Power-Driven Boats in South Korea, 1948
Ton
Type 70-80, 100
Whaler - -
Semi-trawler 1 1
Purse Seine -
-
i

Diving -
Gill Net - -
Fish %carrier -
Others
-- -
Totals 1 1

Note:, . .All boats are of wood. Source: Bureau of Fisheries, Dept. Agriculture, USAMGIK

(i87 1'
a. Powered vessels Boats over 43' Iong:
(1) (Information is based on 1937 statistics). Dragnetting .. 1,420
All vessels were of wooden construction. 1,635 Swingnetting .. 3,940
vessels were less than 45' in length. Of these, 121 Gillnetting .. 280
were diving vessels; 340 gillnet vessels; 1,000 long- Spreadnetting .. 1,220
line vessels and.170 other types. There were 5,278 Fishcarriers .. 1,446 11,136
vessels 45-59 feet long. Of these 11 were whalers,
220 seine-trawlers, 440 purse seiners, 110 gillnet ves- Grand total 48,981
sels, 4,370 fish-carrying vessels and 107 other types.
The figures given are for all of Korea.
(2) The current fleet consists of:
(2) Current figures based on South Korea
statistics are: Boats 15' - 30' long:
Trapnetting .. 1,246
Diving Vessels Miscellaneous .. 1,421 .. 2,667
Gill Net
Long line fishing
Other Boats 30' - 45' long:
Trapnetting .. 972
Total vessels Dragnetting .. 1,321
less than 45 ft. Swingnetting .. 952
Fishcarriers .. 256
Whalers Gillnetting .. 2,298
Seine trawlers Long line fishing . . 7,640
- . . 16,112
Purse Seiners Spreading netting 2,673
Gill netters
Carriers
Other types Boats over 45' long: .. . . . 6,926
,
-
Total vessels Grand total 21,701
45 - 59 ft.
Purse seine, bottom drag net, whaling ship, and (3 ) Requirements for future development
timbers for shipbuilding are wanting. include no increase in the smaller type vessels but do
call for an increase in those forty-five feet or longer,
b. Nortpowered vessels for dragnetting, long line fishing and fish carrying.
( I ) Statistics based on 1937 figures for all
Korea. 4. Fishing Equipment
Sampans, less than 15' long for trapnetting Over 80 different kinds of fishing methods are
and miscellaneous fishing . 2,136 . used in South Korea at present. They include such
modern fishing techniques as drag net fishing and
Boats 15-30' long: purse seine fishing but also such primitive fishing
Trapnetting .. as diving and single line fishing. The licences issued
Long line fishing .. number 124,000. The fishing can divided into
Miscel~aneous .. that on fixed ground and removing fishing. A list of
types of fishing employed in Korea is given as
appendix I.
Boats 3 0 4 0 ' long:
Trapnetting , . Types of Gear, Weirs and Other Fishing Equipment
Dragnetting ..
swingnetting .. 1946 Requirements
Gillnetting .. Stow nets 120 153
Long line fishing .. Square nets 159 200
Spreadnet fishing .. Raising nets 48 610
Fishcarriers Small head pole nets 418 151
Fall nets ' . 44 419
 Requirements Salt is obtained from salterns and is imported
Swing nets 268 from China and the United States.
Bauck nets 909
Roe nets 619 (b) Drying (See Table, Page 85)
Weirs 439 In 1948 the total amount of dried fish was
Shore seines 1,698 20,966 metric tons. The future program calls for
Open tucks 8 14 greatly increased production of dried fish, especially
Spread nets 146 for export. Extensive installations for drying fish
Bowed nets 126 are not at present available. The two methods used
Raising ring nets 81 are boiling and drying and sundrying after eviscera-
Purse seines 432 tion.
- . More sanitary methods are now being intro-
Tuck stone nets 423 duced.
Ring gill nets 146
Scmp nets 2,147 (c) Canning (See Table, Page 85)
Drift nets 113,360
Gill nets - There were thirty one canneries in.South Korea
Trawl line 41,421 prior to the war. The Japanese destroyed or removed
Single line 20,737 much of the machinery and equipment, leaving the
Cormorant fishing 500 plants in an inoperable condition. Thirteen have
Pot nets 944 now been rehabilitated to a certain degree by canni-
Defensive sq. nets 366 balization of machinery, equipment and supplies. A
Double nets 612 total of 200 metric tons of canned goods was pro-
Dredging nets 937 duced in 1948.
Set 19
Haul nets 4,293 Since nearly all of the fish catch is now con-
sumed by the population in the form of fresh, salted
5. Ice Making Freezing & Cold Storage or- dried fish, and because of the acute shortage of
tinplate, the plants are now being kept in operating
Thirty-one ice plants were located in South order for future export of canned products. How-
Korea prior to 1945. Many of them were dismantled ever, the production of crab is very rich and in
by the Japanese during and immediately after sur- 1949, a great number of empty tin cans has been
render. However, as machinery, equipment and imported through ECA from U.S.A. Thus, about
supplies become available each plant is being placed 80 tons of canned crab can be exported.
in operation. Total capacity of the thirty-one
plants is 824.5 tons. About fiffy per cent of these
are now in operation and approximately two-thirds
(d) Fishmeal and byprod& oil
the output is used for icing fish vessels. The ice in prewar - All Korea '
most loadings is sheared into "snow ice" thus enabling
better icing of the fish and also lofiger freezing of the
product.

Iced fresh fish is transported to every section of

Sduth Korea in a well preserved state.

Freezing and cold storage total capacity is The end-products were fertilizers, soap 'and tex-
300,000 metric tons. tile preservatives. Potential production is estimated
at 20,000 m / t . The principal sources of fish oil
6. Processing .
was the sardine (Sardinops) Fish meal was a by-
product, The entire product was handled as non-
(a) Salting (See Table, Page 85) edible, and was not connected with canneries. Sar-
Future production of dried fish is estimated at dines have since disappeared; but they may return.
over 100,000 metric tons annually. Annual salt
requirement is 100,000 tons. Whaling constitutes a source of fish meal and
oil. Whaleoil output was 152 m / t i n 1948.
Operations ire carried. on with crude materials.
Both dry salting and boiling are employed. The The future production of meal, fertilizer, oils
bulk of the products is made i n ' the localities in etc. is being given serious thought, and research
which the fish are landed. is now being conducted with non-edible fish and
marine life to replace the sardine. Halibut and cod
livers are preserved for vitamin oil of which a large
output is expected in the next few years. This is an
industry new to Korea.
7. System of marketing
Fishermen deliver catch to the Guilds and
Unions which act as co-operative agencies in selling
the produce to the retailers. Many of the middle-
men have been eliminated thus assuring fair prices
to the fishermen for their products, as well as reason-
able prices per fish to the consumer. No retailer is
allowed to control the market or price of any parti-
cular species, as was formerly possible. Only a
certain number is placed in each box for sale and
each retailer is limited in the number of boxes he may
purchase daily. Prior to surrender each species
was placed in one large pile and sold to a single indi-
vidual, who, by purchase of all of the one species
available, could control the retail sales price.
8. Fish and Shell fish Culture
There were two provinces in South Korea
which, prewar, had fish hatcheries: Kyansang Namdo
and Kyongsang Pukto. Carp were ~roducedin the
former province. During the war production was
reduced to a minimum.
Kyongsang Pukto hatchery produces cod and
herring; .in 1939, 19,668,000,000 in 1940,
12,240,000,000. Eggs were hatched and released
shortly after hatching. It did not operate during
1943-45.
An extensive artificial eggtaking program is
carried on during the cod season. Numerous vessels
are emp!oyed. The adult cod are taken from the
sea, the eggs stripped, fertilization is effected and the
fertilized eggs released into the sea. 20,000,000,000
eggs were, fertilized and released into the sea during
the 1941146 season; 21,000,000,000 during 19461
47; 30,000,000,000 during 1947148.
Kyongsang Namdo hatchery was re-
opened in 1946 and 165,OO young fry eggs produced.
In 1947 300,000 young fry were produced; in 1948;
400,000. Repairs are now, being made and the
planned program calls for vastly increased produc-
tion in 1949.
The new hatchery in Kyonggi Do was operated
for the first time in 1944. Production was 14,800
young fish and 30,000 eggs. There was no produc-
tion in 1945-47, but in 1948, 200,000 young fry
were produced. Repairs are now being completed
to achieve maximum production. Kyongsang
Namdo hatchery and rearing grounds cover 42 acres;
Kyonggi Do has 20 acres with 23 rearing ponds.
The program for the above hatcheries calls- for a
production of 100,000,000 fry.
Eight other hatcheries and rearing ponds are
now contemplated, to be located a t strategically cen-
tral points for local distribution to increase inland-
water food production. The fry will cost the farmer
five chun each and will be placed in the local streams,
pools, ponds and rice paddies.
Future operations calla for greatly increased
production in all of the above fields and require the
full utilization of all hatching, rearing and collection
facilities to make available an effective supply of
carp, which is the best k i d of fresh water fish
for this purpose in Korea. I t stands transportation
well.
There have been no shellfish culture projects.
Shellfish are collected from naturally-occuriq beds.
A program of oyster culture is under study and re-
search.
9. Per Capita consumption
111. ADMINISTRATION
I. Statistics
Production, marketing and biological informa-
tion is collected by provincial sections of the Bureau
of Fisheries which has a statistical section to facilitate
the collection of data. This information is trans-
mitted to the National Office where it is edited and
distributed.
Biological and scientific information is cbllicted
by the research and experimental stations which are
under the National Bureau of Fisheries. Statistics
are collected by various agencies-Unions, Guilds,
Co-operatives, Associations. Publishing is done by the
Department of Commerce from materials supplied by
the provinces. The Department of Public Infor-
mation and Education supplies radio material and
newspaper information. Aeroplanes are also used to
distribute information.
2. Technological Research a d Education
A large volume of these records is available at
the main Research and Experiment Station but all
are in Japanese and translation is slow due to the
lack of personnel to do this work.
3. Conservation Research
The setting up of an effective and efficient con-
servation program is now in progress. This aims at
the regulation of coastal waters, of the size of net
mesh, the size of fish, season of take, amount of
catch, use of explosives, range of various types and
sizes of vessels, inshore fishing limits, protection of
spawning beds, and so forth.
4. Regulating Policy
Inshore fishing grounds are leased. The
National Bureau regulates the leasing of fishing
grounds which are closed to p-ersons not having pos-
session of the rights to any particular grounds.
These grounds are in the greater part leased to fisher-
men residing in villages adjacent to the fishing
grounds. At present there is also an international
regulation controlled by the Far East Command
Japanese encroachment of Korean fishing
areas. This is enforced by the Coast Guard and
Customs Office.
Changes under consideration are programs to
eliminate waste by enforcing more sanitary methods
of handling and marhting, and a system of patrol
conducted by the Bureau of Fisheries.
The fishermen form Fisheries Guilds in each
district and the Fisheries Guilds form Fishery Asso-
ciations in each Province. Large-scale operatives and
fishermen engaged in special types of operations, from
their own Marine Association according to their own
kind. Under the leadership of the Korean Fisheries
Corporation, they exchange fishing equipment and
capital. In South Korea, there are:
' . . . . .204
Fisheries Guilds. . : . . .
~isheries Associations. .,.. . . 7
Marine Associations. . . . . . . . 11
6 . Research and Experimental Stations
Korea has the Pusan Fisheries Laboratory and
Pusan Fishery College. Professor Chyung Moon Gi
is President of the latter,
7. fnspect;on Stations
There are seventeen Inspection Stations. The
main station is located in Seoul and there are two
in each province. Eighty persons are required to
staff and operate the stations. Their functions are
to inspect all marine products, including fish both
for home consumption and for export. These sta-
tions also inspect fish oils and all seaweeds.
8. Fishing Materials
Of essential fishing materials, Korea needs heavy
oil, light oil, manila rope, cotton net, cotton thread,
timber, lead, rubber, tinplate, ammonia, bamboo, salt
and many other items. Since the liberation, the
fishermen have been maintaining their fishing with
the materials left over or materials in hand, but there
has been very little supply of new materials within
the country. They have to be imported from out-
side. (See Five Year Plan below).
In contrast with the golden ages in the past, the
present fisheries are making poor use of their rich
possibilities. However, when compared with other
industries in Korea, the importance of the fisheries
cannot be overestimated. It is a most urgent and
important national task to plan for the development
of fisheries, for this will contribute to a solution of
the problems of health and food anil of maintaining
the balance of international trade. To establish
the counter~lanfor the future. it is necessarv to
investigate and'understand the present status of tech-
nicians, materials and marine resources.
The fishing population of South Korea is
340,000, and forms only 1.7% of the whole popula-
tion. In contrast to Japan, the fishing population
was distinctly small. In view of the importance of
fisheries, the population could be increased by 50%
of the present population. One thing to be noticed
concerning the fishing population is that most of
the fishing business men with the education of high
school or higher, have entered the industry only
since the liberation. n e i r experience, technique
and capital will have to be supplemented in the
future.
From this point of view also, the guidance and
protection by the Government are greatly needed.
Among the fishing materials, more important mate-
rials such as timbers for shipbuilding, motor engines,
thread for nets, oil for fishing have to be imported
from outside to increase.the output. While marine
resources must be protected by a conservation policy,
deep-sea fishing and inland water fishing will, on
the other hand, have to be positively promoted.
9. Five year Plan of ~evelo~nient be $creased and reach 30i),00d tons. &ti-
A five year plan for development of Korean sequently the total marine products can be
fisheries has been formulated. Its main features are secured to 400,000 tons.
shown in the following:- Production classified as fish, shell-
fish, sea-weeds and others
FIVE YEAR PLAN FOR SOUTH KOREAN -
(1949 1913)
HSHENES Fresh Shell
Production classified by the kinds of water Fish Fish Seaweed Others Total
(1949 - 1960) 349 262,400 4,900 7,800 24,900 300,000 tons
1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1950 262,400 4,900 7,800 23,900 300,000 ,,
Coast 287,500 283,500 270,000 261,000 260,000 1951 269,500 6,040 7,980 26,480 310,000 ,,
Inland 2,500 2,500 5,000 5,000 10,000 1952 269,500 6,040 7,980 26,480 310,000 ,,
DeepSea 10,000 15,000 35,000 45,000 50,000 1953 27,800 7,200 9,600 32,400 320,000 ,,
-----a
Materials to be imported for
Totals f 00,000 300,000 3 10,000 3 10,000 320,000 Five Year Plan
----- To praduce 300,000 tons in the coastal seas,
1956 1958 1960 1965 80,000 tons in the deep seas, a n d 20,000 tons in
Coast 230,000 220,000 230,000 300,000 the inland waters (the total amounting to 400,000
Inland 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 tons) under the Five Year Plan, the following mate-
Deep Sea 70,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 rials will have to be imported from outside.
----
Totals 320,000 320,000 330,000 400,000 1. Fishing boats materials,.
---- wooden . . 10,444 tons (per year)
Note: If the number of licenses is properly limited, 2. Deep sea fishing boats 30 boats ( ,, )
the breeding grounds are piotected, the fish- 3. Cotton yarn for fish-net 2,268 tons ( ,, ) '

ing during the breeding seasons and fishing 4. Manila hemp . . 1,667tons ( ,, )
of immature fish are properly prohibited, and 5. Fishing Oils . . 49,129 tons ( ,, )
thus reproduction is promoted, then, begin- Other items of considerable variety required in
ning 1965, the coastal resources will naturally comparable amount.

Appendix 1.
Main Korean Marine Organisms of Commercial Value
English Names Korean Names Scientific Names
Pilchard Chong-o-ri Sardinia melanosticta
Alaska pollack Myong-tao Thoragra chalcogramma
Corvenia Chaki Nibea manchurica
9,
Poku-tchi Nibea schlegeli
Mackerel Kodeung-o Scomber japonieus
Anchovy Myol-tchi Engraulis japonicus
Hairtail Kal-tchi Clupea pallasi
Herring Tcheng-o Trichiurus japo&icus
Shrimp Sao-u Acetes japonicus
>l YY
Pasiphaca sivodo '

9, 9, Sergestes phosphorous
Lobster Tae-ha Penaeus japonicus
9, . 3,
Pandalus hypsitietus
Cod Tae-ku Gadus macrocephalus
Sole Kajyami Limanda angustriestris
J9
Bom-kajyami Verusper variegatus

( 92 )
English Names Korean Names Ecienfific Names
Sole Norang kajyami Verusper moseri
Korean dulse Myok Undaria pinnatifida
Croaker Min-o Nibea imbricata
Umukasari Umukasari Euchouma amalisaousis
Chupmackerel Sam-tchi Sawara japonica
Glue seaweed Semo Gloiopeltis tenax
YY Bul-tungi Gloiopeltis furcata
Conger Eel Bungchang-o Conger ruyriaster
including sea eel Kact-chang-o Muraenesox cinerous
Flat fish Nop-tchi Paralichthys olivaceus
>Y Se-tai Areliseus holandi
Octopus Nak-chi Polypus variabilis
Moon-o Polypus vulgaris

Appendix 2
List of Types of Fishing Gear Used in Korean Waters
FIXED GEAR MOVABLE GEAR
Name Korean Name Korean Name
Stow Net ( 2 kinds) Dae Momang Beach seine Furi kumul
Square Net (3 kinds) Kack Mang Kwon hyon Mang Kwon hyon Mang
Raising Net Dul Mang Sail drag net Bae furi kumul
Small ' ~ e a dPole Net Sodae Mang Ang Kan net (3 kinds) Ang Rang Mang
Swing Net Doi Mang Sailing bottom draft net Bae choyo Mang
Fall Net ( 2 kinds) Nack Mang Shell Net Chokae kulki Mang
Bag Net Bing Mang Cast Net Too Mang (che aengi
Baulk Net Dadeboshi Mang kumul)
Chubock Net Chubock Purse seine (4 kinds) Kison Konchaek Mang
Bang yom Bang yom Drift Net ( 5 kinds) Fuilim Kumul
Weir Sal Draft and gill net
( 2 kinds) Fullim Tchocko
Bu Net Bu Mang
Danish seine Kison joyo Mang
Chung son net Chung son Mang
Single line (6 kinds) Nacsi
Gill net (7 kinds) Tchock3-kumul
Nude diving Najam
Long line ( 10 k i d s ) Chunak
Whaling Phokyong
Set net Kun Mang
Whaling Scoop net Cho Mang
(tuck stone net)
Double net Chung son Man