INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM  Assess vascular system integrity.
Evaluate the
APPLICABLE IN NURSING (UNIT 3)
A. Hospital and Critical Care Applications
VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF IT PARTICULARLY
FOCUSING ON PATIENT CARE:
 Process store and integrate physiological and
diagnostic information from various sources
 Present deviations from pre-set ranges by an
alarm or an alert
 Accept and store patient care documentation in
a lifetime's clinical repository
 Trend data in a graphical presentation
 Provide clinical decision support through alerts
alarms and protocols
 Provide access to vital patient information from
any location both inside and outside of the
critical care setting
 Comparatively evaluate patients for outcomes
analysis Present clinical data based on concept-
oriented views
Physiological Monitoring Systems
 Monitor vital physiologic parameters so that
clinicians can be informed of changes in a
patient's condition.
 They typically consist of several distinct
components, including a central station, bedside
monitors, and ambulatory telemetry transmitters
and receivers
5 Basic Parts of Physiologic Monitor
1) SENSOR
2) SIGNAL CONDITIONERS
3) FILE TO RANK AND ORDER INFORMATION
4) COMPUTER PROCESSOR TO ANALYZE
DATA AND DIRECT REPORTS
5) EVALUATION OR CONTROLLING
COMPONENT TO REGULATE THE
EQUIPMENT OR ALERT THE NURSE
Microprocessors are the central processing units of
control systems. They are used to process input data
from sensors and execute control algorithms to control
the output of the system. Sensor input: Sensors are used
to monitor physical variables in the system, such as
temperature, pressure, and position.
Hemodynamic monitoring is a procedure that checks
your blood circulation and evaluates how well your heart
is working. It’s also known as a hemodynamic tilt test or
a technetium (pronounced tek-nee-see- um)
hemodynamic test. It uses nuclear imaging.
Machines under the human machine interface used
specifically in the ff:
 Measure hemodynamic parameters closely
examine cardiovascular function
 Recognize patterns (arrhythmia analysis) and
extract features
patent’s physiologic response to stimuli
 Evaluate cardiac pump output and volume status
 Continuously evaluate glucose levels
 Continuously assess respiratory
gases(capnography)
 Store waveforms
 Automatically transmit selected data to a
computerized patient database
THERMODILUTION TECHNIQUE
• a form of the indicator dilution method, in which
a bolus of cold saline is injected rapidly via the
proximal port of the right heart catheter into the
RA. The injectate mixes with blood and the
change in temperature over time is recorded at
the thermal sensor located at the distal portion of
the right heart catheter.
The bolus must be injected within 4 seconds. The
amount of solution must be accurate and the
temperature of the injective must be measured and
accurately maintained. Catheter must be properly
placed.
Computer must have the appropriate computation
constant. Bolus must be injected at the appropriate time
in the respiratory cycle.
PROCESS OF THERMODILUTION
 The influence is negated by using heat of a
thermal filament embedded in the catheter to
replace the injectate, an alternative means of
measuring cardiac output noninvasively if
provided by thoracic electrical bioimpedance.
Four sensor are positioned on the sides of the
neck and thorax.
 Monitoring these changes permits measurement
of stroke volume indices of contractility such as
velocity and acceleration of blood flow,
supraventricular rhythm and index. Using
bioimpedance as a factor with analysis of the
finger blood pressure waveform has also been
demonstrated as a method of cardiac output
measurement.
Pulse oximetry is a valuable non-invasive tool that
provides data regarding the percentage of hemoglobin
molecules loaded with oxygen in arterial blood in
patients with normal oxygen-dissociation curves.
LARGEST CONTRIBUTOR TO ALARMS IN THE ICU
CAUSED BY:
 blood pressure cuff
 torniquet
 air splint that may cause venous pulsations
 Limits the sensor ability to distinguish between
arterial or venous blood pressure
 Telemetry is the automatic recording and
transmission of data from remote or inaccessible
sources to an IT system in a different location for
monitoring and analysis. Telemetry data may be relayed
using radio, infrared, ultrasonic, GSM, satellite or cable,
depending on the application (telemetry is not only used
in software development, but also in meteorology,
intelligence, medicine, and other fields)
ARRYTHMIA MONITORS - Computerized
monitoring and analysis of cardiac rhythm have proved
reliable and effective and in detecting potentially lethal
heart rhythms. A key functional element is the system’s
ability to detect ventricular fibrillation and respond with
an alarm.
System Types of Arrythmia Monitors (2)
Detection Surveillance
• Detection surveillance technology refers to the
use of technology to monitor and detect activities
in a particular area. It is used to protect the
public and ensure officer safety.
• There are many types of detection surveillance
technologies such as electronic article
surveillance (EAS) which uses magnetic,
VHF/microwave, or barcode sensors to detect
fraudulent activity
Diagnostic or Interpretive
• Diagnostic systems are used to detect and
monitor diseases and assess the severity of
injury or illness such as an otoscope for
examining ears, or complicated, such as
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines
• Interpretive systems use an advanced algorithm
that automatically produces an interpretation of
an EKG test. Further, lessening the amount of
time doctors need to assess and analyze each
EKG test which ultimately reduces the cost of
each EKG test for the patient or maximizes profit
for the doctor.
Basic Components of Arrythmia Monitors:
Sensor, Pattern Recognition, Signal Conditioner, Rhythm
Analysis, Cardiograph, Diagnosis, Written Report
CRITICAL CARE INFORMATION SYSTEM – a system
that is designed to collect, store, organize, retrieve, and
manipulate all data related to care of critically ill patient.
IMPORTANT TASK OF CCIS:
Automated collection and management of medical
Information
VITAL SIGNS MONITORING
vital signs and other physiologic data can be
automatically acquired from bedside instruments and
incorporated into the clinical database. Data can be
incorporated into flow sheet with other data elements
such as laboratory result system, assessment, findings,
and problem lists.
Clinical Documentation - Support the process of
physical findings; Configured to ease this extensive data
Decision Support - the CCIS can provide alerts and
reminders to guide care in accordance with evidence-
based guidelines. Point of care access to knowledge
bases that contain information on evidence-based
guidelines of care, drug information, procedures and
policies.
Medication Management - can facilitate the medication
administration process. Medication administration of flow
sheets incorporates the use of barcode
Interdisciplinary Plans of Care - Treatment and
interventions may be provided
Provider Order Entry - electronic entry and
communication of patient orders can help clinicians
improve communication, streamline process, facilitate
care, and help clinicians all providers in managing quality
COORDINATION AND SCHEDULING OF PATIENT
CARE ACTIVITIES
Critical care flow sheet is a predominant display format
for CCIS
GOAL: To have as much as information integrated into
the system as possible to obtain a comprehensive
picture of patient.
B. COMMUNITY HEALTH APPLICATION
 Focuses on the health information system of the
community
 Emphasizes the prevention of the disease,
medical intervention and public awareness.
 Fulfills a unique role in the community,
promoting and protecting the health of the
community at the same time maintaining
sustainability and integrity of health data and
information
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH APPLICATION
GOAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH INFORMATICS
Effective and timely assessment that involves
monitoring and tracking the health status of populations
including identifying and controlling disease outbreak
and epidemics
COMMUNITY HEALTH APPLICATION SYSTEM
Encourages optimal application of computer
system, computer programs and communication system
for the benefit of majority of individuals, families and
community.
PRIMARY FOCUS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEM - It is a term used to refer to
the systematic application of information science and
technology to processes involving community and public
 health It centers on the community's health information
system and the vast majority of the general people it
emphasizes disease prevention, medical treatment, and
public awareness it Fulfils a unique role in the
community, promoting and safeguarding the health of the
community at the same time maintaining sustainability
and integrity of health data and information.
Primary Focus of Community Health Information
System
 Preventing, identifying, investigating and
eliminating communicable health problems.
 Accessibility of data and information, through
communication
 Educating and empowering individuals to adopt
health life style
 Effective transformation of data into information
 Creation of computerized patient records,
medical information system
 Effective integration of information to other
disciplined to concretized knowledge and
creates better understanding
 Facilitate the retrieval of data
 Central repositions of all data such as data
warehouse
 Simple Graphical User Interface (GUI) for nurses
and other healthcare provider, patient ad
consumer
COMPUTER BASED SURVEY SYSTEM - a structured
questionnaire that your target audience completes over
the internet generally through filling out a form.
Health Statistical Surveys
 Are used to collect quantitative information about
items in a population to establish certain
information to obtain data.
 Focused on opinions or factual information
depending on its purpose and many surveys
involve administering question to individuals.
ADVANTAGES
Consistent exchange of response
Disease tracking
Data and information sharing
Building strategies
Early detection and monitoring of disease and sickness
Control of spread of disease
National alertness and preparedness
Building strong communication
Maintaining strong relation between nurses and
healthcare provider
Continuous coordination of the healthcare professionals
Synchronization of the decisions
Streamlining of the process
Effective management of data and information
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
NURSING INFORMATICS:
Community Health Application
• support and improve collaboration among the
doctors, community health providers and
patients. Informatics is very useful in monitoring
and tracking the health status of the community.
The goal of community health informatics is to
attain an effective and timely assessment that
involves monitoring and tracking the health
status of populations including identifying and
controlling disease outbreaks and epidemics.
• Advantages of using this system, the tracking
and detection of the disease in the community
will be easy because we can easily track the
spread of it, and the communication among the
nurses and other health care providers will be
strong.
Goal
1. Strengthen the surveillance and response
capabilities at each level of the health system by
building local capacities and leveraging
strengths and areas of expertise through
partnership and coordination
Vision
2. To improve the availability and use of
surveillance and laboratory data so that public
health managers and decision makers can plan
for and carry out more timely detection and
response to the leading causes of illness, death
and disability
Functions
3. Information from PIDSR is expected to be used
for the following purposes:
4. Facilitate collecting, managing, analyzing,
interpreting, and disseminating health-related
DISADVANTAGES
initial cost to implement the electronic health record.
continuing maintenance costs.
interruption in workflows that adds to the brief loss in
productivity that occurs from healthcare providers having to
learn a new system
prone to errors
lack of accuracy
Lack of security
Data inconsistency due to duplication of data
lack of backups if files get lost or damaged
other
 data for diseases designated as nationally
notifiable
5. Develop and maintain national standards, such
as consistent case definitions for nationally
notifiable diseases applicable across all the
provinces and cities
6. Maintain the official national notifiable diseases
statistics
7. Provide detailed data to control programs to
facilitate the identification of specific disease
trends
8. Work with cities and provinces and partners to
implement and assess prevention and control
programs.
A. AMBULATORY CARE SYSTEM
• is care provided by health care professionals in
outpatient settings or it is medical services
performed on an outpatient basis, without
admission to a hospital or other facility
• These settings include medical offices and
clinics, ambulatory surgery centers, hospital
outpatient departments, and dialysis centers.
B. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
• Program prepares for, responds to, and
researches chemical, biological, radiological and
natural disasters. The program integrates and
evaluates occupational safety and health topics
to protect response and recovery workers.
C. TELEHEALTH
• The delivery of health care, health education,
and health information services via remote
technologies. Read about telehealth
technologies, services, and reimbursement
issues it also defined as the delivery and
facilitation of health and health-related services
including medical care, provider and patient
education, health information services, and self-
care via telecommunications and digital
communication technologies. Live video
conferencing, mobile health apps, “store and
forward” electronic transmission, and remote
patient monitoring (RPM) are examples of
technologies used in telehealth.
Ways telehealth could help you if you have diabetes.
You could do some or all of the following:
 Use a mobile phone or other device to upload
food logs, medications, dosing and blood sugar
levels for review by a nurse who responds
electronically.
 Watch a video on carbohydrate counting and
download an app for it to your phone.
 Use an app to estimate, based on your diet and
exercise level, how much insulin you need.
 Use an online patient portal to see your test
results, schedule appointments, request
prescription refills or email your doctor.
 Order testing supplies and medications online.
 Get a mobile retinal photo screening at your
doctor's office rather than scheduling an
appointment with a specialist.
 Get email, text or phone reminders when you
need a flu shot, foot exam or other preventive
care.
 The goals of telehealth, also called e-health or
m-health (mobile health), include the following:
 Make health care accessible to people who live
in rural or isolated communities.
 Make services more readily available or
convenient for people with limited mobility, time
or transportation options.
 Provide access to medical specialists.
 Improve communication and coordination of care
among members of a health care team and a
patient.
 Provide support for self-management of health
care.
In the Philippines, we have also adopted telehealth
and have become an increasing necessity with the
emergence of the pandemic and implementing the
community quarantine measures. To promote safety
among the public, telehealth has been adopted by
private and government hospitals. The University of the
Philippines - Manila (UPM) is one of the earliest in the
Philippines who adopted the telehealth in 1998. They
established the UP National Telehealth Center with the
commitment is to engage people to use available
technologies to improve health care albeit distance
barriers. Since its conception, it continues to develop
telehealth applications derived from people's own
problem-solving contributions. Through research-cum-
service activities, the center helps both patients and
health care providers maximize widely available and
cost-effective ICT tools to improve delivery of healthcare.
INFORMATICS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19
2020 has proven to be an unprecedented year in
modern history, and it has barely begun! The emergence
of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused major impacts
on global society, including huge challenges for health
care. No one on this planet is immune to these sweeping
changes, as many join in the efforts to contain this virus.
Informatics teams are a critical part of these efforts,
serving as support, facilitating new methods of delivering
care, and aiding in tracking and forecasting the related
impact data. Let's look at some of the major ways
informatics shines during this critical time and some
resources to aid in these processes.
Supporting the Day to Day: Information
Technology (IT) and informatics specialists (IS) are
integral to all emergency actions taken by health care
organizations during a pandemic. This includes
addressing supply chain and labour shortages, business
partner considerations, telecommuting, enhanced
physical and technological security, continuity and
disaster recovery planning, and monitoring supplies of
personal protective equipment (PPE) (AEHIS Incident
Response Committee, 2020).
Mass Notifications - digital experts often spearhead
innovations in mass notifications to ensure staff are
updated immediately as the crisis evolves.
Client Information - IS experts have found innovative
ways to provide COVID-19 support to clients in some
health organizations.
Client Teaching - IS experts may also be involved with
the development of client health promotion and
prevention teaching materials that target COVID-19,
such as infographics, handouts, videos, games, and
other interactive and engaging productions
Privacy of Health Data - IS and IT also dedicate a lot of
energy to ensure staff and clients stay safe: this includes
protecting their personal health information (PHI) as well
as employee data.
Equipment Disinfection - all equipment used within
health organizations must be protected and disinfected if
used more than once, including electronics.
System Interoperability - EHR based rapid screening
processes, laboratory testing. clinical decision support,
reporting tools, and patient-facing technology related to
COVID- 19 are all supported by system interoperability.
 Wegree Robot
Supporting virtual and telehealth care has been
essential during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Supporting virtual and telehealth care in the
Philippines involves utilizing digital technologies
for remote consultations and treatment to reduce
the risk of infection and minimize healthcare
facility burden.
 Hospitals and clinics implemented telemedicine
platforms and Health apps for remote
consultations, monitoring, and prescription of
medication and laboratory tests.
 PhilHealth launched telemedicine benefits to
cover teleconsultations and telemonitoring,
reducing out-of-pocket expenses for patients
and supporting healthcare providers'
reimbursement for telehealth services.
 The goal is to support virtual and telehealth care
to ensure continuity of care for patients during
the pandemic and beyond, improve access to
healthcare services, and reduce the burden on
healthcare facilities while minimizing the risk of
transmission.
H4D or Health for Development Consult Station
H4D is an international company specializing in clinical
telemedicine that enjoined the international effort to fight
the COVID-19 pandemic by offering healthcare facilities,
local authorities, and senior residences a fast, efficient,
and reliable solution to facilitate patient care.
House Bill No. 7422 or the Philippine E-
Health and Telemedicine Development Act of 2020,
filed by Albay 2nd District Representative Joey
Salceda.
• This bill will basically promote the delivery of
health and medical services through the use of
information and communication technology.
Tracking and Forecasting
Informatics tools and techniques have played a
vital role in tracking and forecasting the spread of
COVID-19. This has helped public health officials to
implement interventions such as lockdowns, social
distancing measures, and contact tracing to manage the
pandemic effectively.
 Tracking and forecasting involves monitoring
COVID-19 cases and relevant information
to inform policies and decision-making.
 The DOH and other government agencies
collect and analyze data to track the spread
of the virus and identify trends.
 Forecasting models are used to project the
future course of the pandemic and
inform public health policies.
 Daily COVID-19 case bulletins are released to
inform the public about the number of cases,
deaths, and recoveries, as well as testing and
vaccination data.
 Local government units and private companies
also track and monitor COVID-19 cases to
inform their policies and operations.
IT and IS can work together to harness the benefits
of AI during this pandemic in a number of ways.
According to Naude (2020), "There are six areas
where Al can contribute to the fight against COVID-
19:
i. Early warnings and alerts
ii. Tracking and prediction
iii. Data dashboards
iv. Diagnosis and prognosis
v. Treatments and cures
vi. Social control
In conclusion, Informatics and its specialists
have been crucial in managing the COVID-19 pandemic,
providing support and innovation. From tracking and
forecasting to telehealth care and AI, informatics has
enabled informed decision-making and resource
allocation. We recognize the tireless efforts of
informatics specialists supporting front-line healthcare
professionals. Let us continue to work together to
overcome this crisis with strength, vision, and
collaborative success.