6 CkvemwaXw

Ckvemw-aXw

A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn
{]kvXm-h\
{]kn≤ Ckvem-anI Nn¥-I\pw ]WvUn-X\- p-amb auem\m
hnh¿Ø\w: A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn-bpsS "cnkmse Zo\n-øm-Øn's‚
]cn-`m-j-bmWv "Ckvemw aXw'. Fgp-]-Xn-e-[nIw `mj-I-fn-
hn.-]n. apl-Ω-Zen te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏´ hnJymX {KŸ-am-Wn-Xv. ae-
bm-fØ- n¬Øs∂ CXn-s‚ ]Xn-\mev ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ CXn\Iw
{]kn-≤o-Ic- n-°s- ∏-´n-´p-≠v. C{X-tbsd hmb-\°
- msc e`n®
thsd Hcn-kvem-anI {KŸhpw Ct∂mfw shfn®w I≠n-´n-
√.
"cnkmse Zo\n-ømØn's‚ Cw•ojv ]Xn∏v Xøm-dm-
`mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw: °nb s{]m^. Jp¿inZv AlvaZv Fgp-Xnb Ah-Xm-cn-Ibpw
s{]m^. sI.-]n. Iam-ep-±o≥ ]T-\m¿l-amb ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Ifpw Cu ]Xn-∏n¬ hnh¿Ø-
\w sNbvXv tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. s{]m^. sI.-]n. Iam-ep-±o≥ Bh-
iy-amb `mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
Cu al-Zv{KŸw kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒs°mcp am¿K-Zo-]-
am-bn-Øo-cs´ F∂ {]m¿Y-\-tbmsS klr-Z-b-k-a£w
ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.
˛ {]km-[-I¿

Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukv

tImgn-t°mSv

c≠mw ]Xn-∏ns‚
hnh¿Ø-I-°p-dn∏v
Ckvem-ans‚ kpµ-c-cq]w tIc-fo-b¿°v {Kln-°p-hm≥ DX-Ip∂ Ckvem-
anI {KŸ-߃ ae-bmf `mj-bn¬ Xptemw Ipd-hm-sW∂ hkvXpX F√m-
hcpw Hcp-t]mse {Kln-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]c-am¿Y-amWv. Cu Ipdhv ]cn-l-cn-
°p-∂-Xn\v ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn ]e am\y-∑mcpw cwK-Øn-d-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-
°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv Bim-h-lw-Xs∂. Ah-cpsS ]cn-{i-a-^-e-ambn Ckvem-anI
kmln-Xy-Øn∂v ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ {]m_eyw IqSn-s°m-≠p-h-cn-I-bmWv.
F∂m¬, Ckvem-ans‚ bYm¿t∞m-t±iyw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-amb
{KŸ-߃ C\nbpw th≠{X D≠m-bn-°-gn-™n-´n-s√∂p ]d-bmsX \nhr-
Øn-bn√. Ckvem-ans‚ ]q¿hnI amlm-fly-ß-sfbpw al¬Ir-Xy-ß-sfbpw
]mSn-∏p-IgvØn AXns‚ kvamcIw \ne-\n-dp-Øn-t∏m-cpI, Ckvem-ans‚ GsX-
¶nepw Hcp `mK-Øn∂v ASn-ÿm-\-sØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ {]m[m\yw \evIn
AXn-∂mbn hmZn-°pI, sXt‰m icntbm Fs∂m∂pw t\m°msX temIØv
{]N-cn-®p-I-gn-™n-´p≈ GXm-Z¿i kn≤m-¥hpw Ckvem-an-t‚-Xm-sW∂p
sXfn-bn-°m≥ ]mSp-s]-SpI, tIhew \n m-c-kw-K-Xn-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n
apkvenw-I-fn¬ B`y-¥-c-I-e-l-ßfpw Ipg-∏-ß-fp-ap-≠m-°p-hm≥ t{]cW
\evIpI, C¥y-bv°I - Øpw ]pdØpw `c-Wm-[n-]≥
- am-cmbn hmWn-cp∂ A{I-
an-Ifpw [q¿Øcpw Zp¿am¿Kn-I-fp-amb "apkvenw cmPm-°-≥am¿°p'th≠n
hmZn-°pI, h¿K ]£-]m-X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ CXc kap-Zm-b-
߃s°-Xn-cn¬ shdp∏pw hntZz-jhpw krjvSn-°pI XpS-ßnb tkh-\-ß-
fmWv \ne-hn-ep≈ IrXn-I-fn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-sX∂p hyk-
\-k-taXw ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Hcm-[p-\nI hnZym¿Yn-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬
DZv`-hn-°p∂, Ckvemw F∂m¬ F¥v F∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb tNmZy-
Øn\p X° DØcw \evIp-hm≥ Ah apXn¿∂p ImWp-∂n√.
C\n, Chn-SsØ aX-]-T\ k{º-Zm-b-am-sW-¶n¬, AXpw IqSp-X-sem∂pw
Bim-P-\-I-a√. Ad_n `mj-bnepw amXr-`m-j-bnepw aX-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈
G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ [mcm-f-ap-s≠∂ hkvXpX hnkva-cn-°-Ø-°-X-
s√-¶nepw Kuc-h-ap≈ bmsXmcp e£yhpw Ah-bv°n-√m-Ø-Xn≥ ^e-ambn
10 CkvemwaXw
AXpw an°-hmdpw \njv^-e-am-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°-bmWv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ shdp-
samcp D]-h-Ip-s∏∂ ho£-W-amWv, Ht´sd Ad_n hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw Cw•ojv
hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw Ckvem-an-s\- w-_-‘n®v kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv. Ckvemw ssZh-
Øm¬ \evIs - ∏´ imiz-Xhpw ]cn-]q¿W-hp-amb Pohn-Xh - y-hÿ
- b- m-sW∂pw
Pohn-XsØ apgp-h\ - p-am-WX
- m-hi
- y-s∏-Sp-∂s - X-∂p-ap≈ bmYm¿Yyw Ah-cpsS
Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn¬ Xotc {]I-S-ambn ImWp-∂n√.
B[p-\nI hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-s°m-Ø-hÆw Ah¿°v Ckvem-
anI hnZym-`ymkw \evIm-Xn-cp-∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn Ckvem-an-t\m-S-h¿°v
Ah⁄ P\n-°p-Ibpw bqtdm-∏n¬\n∂pw Cd-°p-aXn sNø-s∏´ \mkvXn-
I-Xz-a-b-amb kb≥kns\ ssZh-hm-Iy-sa-t∂mWw Ah¿ IÆ-S®p hniz-
kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ckvem-an-s\bpw a\pjy \n¿anX hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°p-]-
cn-bmbn Ckvem-an\p≈ amlm-fly-sØbpw AXns‚ {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-sbbpw
Ipdn®v Bcw-`Ø - n¬Xs∂ Imcy-Im-cW - k - l- nXw {Kln-°m-Xn-cp-∂X - mWv CXn-
s\-√m-ap≈ GI ImcWw. AXn-\m¬, Ckvem-ans‚ auen-I-kn-≤m-¥-ßfpw
BZ¿i e£y-ßfpw AXns‚ {]mtbm-Kn-IX - bpw C∂sØ akvXn-jvIß - sf
BI¿jn-°p-amdv bp‡n-bp‡w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-∂Xv Ahiyw Bh-iy-
am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. Ckvemw CXc aX-ß-sf-t∏mse shdpw Nne ]qP-
Iƒ am{X-a√; {]XypX, a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ BI-am\w hnP-b-{]-Z-am-°n-
Øo¿°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øm¬ \evI-s∏´ ]cn-]q¿W PohnX ]≤-Xn-bmWv.
kakvX temI-sØbpw AXns‚ {]Ir-Xn-sbbpw krjvSn® AtX ssZhw
Xs∂ \n¿an-®-Xm-I-sIm≠v, temI {]Ir-Xn-tbmSv XnI®pw tbmPn-°p∂ Hcp
aXw AYhm Pohn-X-]-≤Xn Ckvemw H∂p am{X-ta-bp≈q. AX-\p-k-cn®v
Pohn-°p-∂XpsImt≠ a\p-jy∂v im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw ssIh-cn-Ib - p≈q.
Cu ]c-am¿Y-߃ temIw Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠Xv F∂-tØ-Xn-ep-a[ - nIw AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°-bm-Wn∂v.
CØcw Bh-iy-߃ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p∂ {KŸ-߃ C¥y-bpsS CX-c-
`m-K-ß-fn¬ Iptd-sbms° {]Nm-c-Øn¬ h∂p-I-gn-™n-´p-s≠-¶nepw, `mjm
sshhn[yw aqew Ah-bpsS DØa ^e-ßf - m-kz-Zn-°p-hm≥ Chn-SsØ s]mXp-
P-\-߃°v km[n-°p-∂n√. AXn-\m¬, AØcw hnin-jvS-{K-Ÿ-߃ ae-
bm-f-`m-j-bn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXv tIc-fo-b¿°pw Ah-bpsS D≈-S°w
{Kln-°p-hm≥ Ah-k-cw D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°pI F∂Xv C∂sØ ]cn-Xx-
ÿn-Xn-bn¬ {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ Hcp tkh-\a - mWv. {]kvXpX Dt±-iy-\n¿h-
l-W-Øn¬ A{]-[m-\-a-√mØ Hcp ]¶v hln-°p-sa∂ {]Xo-£-bmWv Cu
]cn-{i-a-Øn\v R߃°v {]tNm-Z\w \evIn-bn-´p-≈Xv. Rß-fpsS {]Xo-
£sb CsX-{X-am{Xw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂p-s≠∂v hmb-\-°m¿ Xs∂ Xo¿®-
s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≈s´. auem\m kønZv A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn Ah¿Iƒ
D¿Zp-hn¬ cNn® "cnkmse Zo\n-ømØv' F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ ]cn-`m-jb - m-WnXv.
kpam¿ ]Xn-s\´v h¿j-߃°n-S-bn¬ ]Xn-\mev ]Xn-∏p-I-fn-embn aqe-{K-
Ÿ-Øns‚ Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn¬∏cw {]Xn-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn-´p≠v.
Cw•ojv, lnµn, Xangv XpS-ßnb `mj-I-fnepw ]e h¿j-ß-fmbn A-Xns‚
F{Xtbm ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bn-´p≠v. CønsS Ua-kvI-kn¬-\n∂v Ad-
_n-`m-j-bnepw AXv {]kn-≤-oIrXam-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p. AXv ]mT-]p-kvX-
I-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ua-kvI-knse hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
Ah-Xm-cnI 11

A[n-Ir-X-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬\n∂v A\p-Iqeamb adp-]Sn e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-

´p≠v.
ae-bm-f-Øn¬ {]kvXpX {KŸw BZy-ambn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xv 1945 BK-
kvXn-em-bn-cp∂p. 1942 ^n{_-hc
- n--bn¬ {]kn-≤o-Ic
- n® aqe-{K-ŸØ
- ns‚ \memw
]Xn∏v apºn¬sh-®m-bn-cp∂p ]cn-`mj \S-∂Xv. C∂m-Is´, aqe-{KŸw ]Xn-
\memw ]Xn-∏p-hsc FØn-bn-cn-°-bmWv. CXn-\n-S°v {KŸ-I¿Ømhv Xs∂
aqe-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ Nn√d am‰-Øn-cp-ج hcp-Øp-Ibpw Nne ]pXnb Ipdn-∏p-
Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. aqe-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ \ne-hn-en-cn-°p∂
]Xn-\memw ]Xn∏v apºn¬sh®v BZy¥w ]cn-tim-[n-®-Xn\p ]pdta `mjm-
]-c-ambpw a‰pw Nne ]cn-jvI-c-W-߃ hcp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv Ct∏mƒ Cu
c≠mw ]Xn∏v ]pd-Øn-d-°p-∂Xv. CXn-∂-\p-{K-ln® A√m-lpsh kvtXm{Xw
sNøp-Ibpw Cu ]cn-{i-asØ k¬°¿a-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ah-t\mSv
{]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v Cu {KŸw s]mXp-P-\-k-a£w ka¿∏n-
®p-sIm-≈p∂p.

FS-bq¿
1. 4. '55
˛apl-Ω-Zen
Ah-Xm-cnI 13
D≈-S°w
BapJw ..................................................................................................................... 15
Ah-Xm-cnI .............................................................................................................. 17
1. Ckvemw ....................................................................................... 27
"Ckveman's‚ A¿Yw ........................................................................................ 27
Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw .................................................................................. 28
ssZh-\n-tj-[Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw ................................................................. 29
\ntj-[Øns‚ sISp-Xn-Iƒ ............................................................................ 30
Ckvem-ans‚ kZv^-e-߃ .............................................................................. 33
2. hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw .................................................. 38
"hnizmk'Øns‚ A¿Yw .................................................................................. 39
⁄m\e_v[nbpsS am¿K߃ ...................................................................... 40
AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw................................................................ 42
3. {]hm-N-IXzw .............................................................................. 43
{]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw ..................................................................... 43
{]hm-N-Is\ Fßs\ Xncn-®-dn-bmw? ........................................................... 45
{]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-°¬ ............................................................................ 45
{]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p∂-sX-¥n\v? ....................................................... 47
{]hm-N-I-Xzw˛ kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw ............................................................... 48
apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS {]hm-N-IXzw ................................................................. 52
apl-Ω-Zv -\-_n-bpsS {]hm-N-I-Xzw˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ ..................................... 53
{]hm-N-IXz ]cnkam]vXn˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ ..................................................... 61
14 CkvemwaXw
4. hnizmk Imcy-߃ ................................................................. 64
ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw ................................................................................. 65
hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw ......................................................................... 66
hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ ....................................................................... 66
GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ ^e߃ ......................................................... 70
ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw ............................................................................... 74
ssZh-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw ................................................................... 76
hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ............................................................. 77
ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-ep≈ hnizmkw ...................................................................... 79
]c-tem-I-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw ........................................................................... 81
]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX ......................................................... 81
]c-tem-I-hn-izm-kw bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ........................................ 83
]cn-ip≤ hmIyw ................................................................................................... 86
5. A\p-jvTm-\I¿a-߃ .............................................................. 87
C_m-Z-Øns‚ hnh£ ....................................................................................... 87
\a-kvImcw .............................................................................................................. 89
{hXm-\p-jvTm\w ..................................................................................................... 91
kImØv ................................................................................................................... 92
l÷v ........................................................................................................................ 94
Ckvem-anI tkh\w ........................................................................................... 96
6. Zo\pw ico-AØpw .................................................................... 98
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ Fßs\ Adn-bmw? ............................................ 99
^nJvlv ..................................................................................................................... 99
Xk-∆p^v ................................................................................................................ 101
7. ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ ........................................................ 103
\mev Ah-Im-i-߃ .......................................................................................... 106
ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃ .......................................................................... 106
tZ-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃ ............................................................................ 109
ka-kr-jvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ ............................................................... 110
CXc krjvSn-I-fp-sS Ah-Im-i-߃ ........................................................... 116
ico-A-Øv˛ km¿h-P-\o-\w, imizXw .......................................................... 117
Ah-Xm-cnI 15
BapJw
Cu {KŸw sslkvIq-fp-I-fn¬ Ah-km\ ¢mkp-I-fntem tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬
BZy-¢m-kp-I-fntem ]Tn-°p∂ hnZym¿Yn-Isf Dt±-in-s®-gp-Xn-b-XmWv.
hn⁄m\ kºm-Z-\m¿Yw s]mXpth ]mcm-bWw sNøp-∂-h¿°pw CXv
klm-b-I-am-bn-cn°pw. CXns‚ H∂mw ]Xn-∏p-Xs∂ C¥y-bnse F{Xtbm
hnZym-e-b-߃ Db¿∂ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. Ct∏mƒ CXv Bh-
iy-amb Nne ]cn-jvI-c-W-߃ hcp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv.
hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v IqSp-X-embpw I¿a-]-c-amb hnj-b-߃ ]Tn-∏n-°pI
F∂p-≈-XmWv \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ A[ym-]\ hnj-b-Øn¬ s]mXpth kzoI-
cn-®n-´p≈ k{º-Zmbw. AXn¬ \a-kvImcw, t\mºv, ip≤o-I-cWw F∂n-h-
bpsSbpw Cu C\-Øn¬s∏´ a‰p I¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw hnh-c-W-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cn-
°pI. hnizm-k] - c- a
- mb kwK-Xn-Is - f-°p-dn-®p≈ A[y-b\w Xmc-Xt- ay\ Ipd-
hm-bn-cn°pw. C\n Aev]w h√-Xp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Xs∂ AXv Bim-kyhpw
^e-{]-Zh - p-amb hn[-Øn-em-Ip-∂p-an√. Ckvemw F¥v? AXns‚ e£y-sa¥v?
Ckvem-anI BZ¿i-hn-izm-k-߃°v a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-sa¥v?
Ckvemw kzoI-cn-°p-∂XpsIm≠p≈ {]tbm-P-\hpw kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-
Xp-sIm-≠p≈ \jvS-hp-sa¥v? `oj-Wnbpw _e-{]-tbm-Khpw hgn-bmtWm
Ckvemw BZ¿i-kn-≤m-¥-߃ AwKo-I-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv; AX√, {]kvXpX
BZ¿i-kn-≤m-¥ß - f - psS kXym-hÿ - °v km£ywhln-°p∂ kzoIm-cy-amb
h√ sXfnhpw AXns‚ ]°-ept≠m? Fs∂m∂pw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS
]T-\-Imew Ign-bp-∂-Xp-hsc Adn-bp-∂n√. {]kvXpX kwK-Xn-I-fm-hs´,
Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw {Kln-°p-hm\pw hnizm-km-Z¿i-߃ icn-s∏-Sp-Øp-
hm\pw Ahiyw Bh-iy-am-Wp-Xm\pw. Ah lrZ-bØ - n¬ thcq-∂m-Xn-cn-°p∂
Ime-tØmfw "^nJvlv akv-Ae' (I¿a-im-kv{X-]-c-amb {]iv\-߃)IfpsS
A[y-b\w H´pw ^e-{]-Z-am-bn-cn-°-bn√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ hnizm-k-an-
√msX hn[n-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-°pI Akm-[y-amWv. hnizmkw i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xm-Is´, Ckvem-an-Im-Z¿iw icn°v {Kln-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-amWv.
AtX-{]-Imcw \a-kvImcw, t\mºv XpS-ßnb I¿a-ß-fpsS hni-Z-`m-K-
߃ hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂X - n\p ]Icw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v aX-hn-[n-If- p-sSbpw
Bcm-[\m I¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw bp‡n-Ifpw cl-ky-ßfpw {Kln-∏n-°pI F∂-
16 CkvemwaXw
XmWv IqSp-X¬ Bh-iy-am-bn-´p-≈Xv. F¶nte aX Iev]-\-I-f-\p-k-cn-°p-
hm≥ Ah¿ kza-\- mse k∂-≤-cm-hp-I-bp≈q. \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ coXnbpw
{Iahpw kw_-‘n® hnh-cWw \a-kvI-cn-°m-\p-t±-in-°p-∂-h¿t° ^e-
{]-Z-am-Ip-I-bp-≈q-sh-∂Xv hy‡-amWv. \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ Xs∂ Hcp-°-an-√m-
Ø-h∂v, C∂n∂ {]Im-c-Øn-emWv \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-sX∂p ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-
Øn-s´-¥p -^ew? AXn-\m¬, \a-kvIm-c-\n-b-a-߃ hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-
Xn\p apºv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ \a-kvIm-c-sa-s¥∂pw Xß-fpsS ta¬ AsX-
¥n\p \n¿_-‘-am-°n-sb∂pw AXns‚ ^ew Fs¥m-s°-sb∂pw AXp-
t]-£n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v kw`-hn-°p∂ \jvS-ß-sf-s¥-√m-sa∂pw hnZym¿Yn-
Iƒ°v hnh-cn®p sImSp-t°-≠-XmWv. a‰p aX-hn-[n-I-fp-sSbpw ÿnXn CXp-
Xs∂. BZyw Ahsb lrZ-b-Øn¬ thcp-d-∏n-°m-\mWv {ian-t°-≠Xv.
F∂mte Ah-bpsS hni-Z-`m-K-߃ hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv ^e-{]-Z-am-hp-
I-bp≈q.
{]kvXpX Bh-iysØ ap≥\n-dp-Øn-bmWv Rm≥ Cu {KŸw cNn-®n-´p-
≈Xv. aXm-[y-b\ - Ø
- ns‚ ]gb k{º-Zm-bß- f
- n¬\n∂pw Hs´ms° `n∂-ambn,
B[p-\nI Ime-tØ°v IqSp-X¬ ^e-{]-Z-amb Hcp ]pXn-b-coXn kzoI-cn-
°m≥ Rm\n-Xn¬ {ian-®n-´p≠v. ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ in£-W-ß-fpsS
kwt£]w Rm\n-Xn¬ D∂-bn-°p-Ibpw sXfn-hp-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cn-
ip≤ Jp¿-Bs-- \-Xs∂ A\p-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. Cu ]cn-{iaw
GsXmcp Dt±-iysØ ap≥\n-dpØn \S-Øs - ∏-´pthm, AXp k^-ea
- m-Ip-hm\pw
aXm-[y-b-\-Øn¬ Xmc-X-tay\ IqSp-X¬ ^e-{]-Z-amb Hcp \ho\ coXn-bpsS
IhmSw Cu {KŸw aqew Xpd-°p-hm\pw ssZhw A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-Is´.
˛A_p¬-A-Avem
Ah-Xm-cnI 17
Ah-Xm-cnI
atX-Xc kwkvImcw aX-߃s°-Xnsc Db¿Øp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Isf s]m°n-
°m-´pI C°m-eØv _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒs°mcp ^mj-\mWv. ]t£, aXw,
hninjym Ckvemw, B[p-\nI kwkvIm-c-Øn\v t\sc Db¿Øp∂ sh√p-
hn-fn-Iƒ A]q¿h-amtb {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p≈q.
Ign™ Iptd iX-I-ß-fmbn aXw, ]m›m-Xy-tem-IØv {]Xn-tcm-[-
Øns‚ ]mX-bn-em-bn-cp∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw £am-]-W-Øn-s‚-Xm-bn-cp∂p
AXns‚ kzcw˛ F√m-bvt]mgpw AXv, kz¥w BZ¿i-aq-ey-߃°-\y-amb
Pohn-X-kw-kvIm-c-co-Xn-I-tfmSv Cf-hp-Ifpw hn´p-ho-gvN-Ifpw sNbvXp-t]m∂p.
apkvenw temIhpw ]m›m-Xy≥ \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS IS-∂m-{I-a-W-ßsf sNdp-
Øp-\n-ev°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. hninjym, Ah¿°v Gsd HSnhpw NX-hp-ta¬]n®
cmjv{So-bhpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-am-b -kzm-[o-\-Øns‚˛km{am-Py-Xz-Øns‚˛IS-
∂m-{I-aW- ß- sf. X∑qew Pohn-X{- ]-iv\ß- t- fm-Sp≈ aXm-flI kao-]\w Xnc-
kvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw aX-Øn\v kmº-ØnI˛kmaq-lnI -cw-K-ß-fn-ep≈ ]¶v
\ma-am-{X-ambn Npcp-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. km{am-PyXz hmgvN-bn¬ Ign-™p-
t]m-∂-hsc ˛ hnin-jym-, ap-kvenw-Isf˛ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw aX-hn-izmkw
XmØzn-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb cwK-ß-fn¬, Xo¿Øpw A{]-k-‡-am-bn-
Øo¿∂p F∂v ]d-bm-h-X-s√-¶nepw, c≠mw ÿm\-tØ°v X≈-s∏-´p-sh-
∂-XmWv hmkvXhw. Cu ÿnXnhnti-j-Øn\v Ct∏mƒ am‰w kw`-hn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°-bmWv. km{am-Py-Xz-Øns‚ then-tb‰w Cd-ßn-Øp-S-ßn-bn-cn-
°p∂p. apkvenw-temIw cmjv{Sob kzmX{¥yw t\Sn-sb-Sp-Ø -tijw kz¥w
kmwkvIm-cnI hy‡nXzw hos≠-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ BZ¿i ka-c-Øn-emWv.
Xß-fpsS kz¥-amb B[ym-fln-Ihpw Ncn-{X-]-c-hp-amb t{kmX- p-Iƒ
NnI-s™-Sp-Ø-Wn-\n-c-Øn-s°m≠v kz¥w kaq-lsØ ]p\x-t{Im-Uo-I-cn-
°p-hm\pw Hcp \h-tem-I-{Iaw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\pap≈ {]b-Xv\-Øn-em-W-
Xn-t∏mƒ. ]q¿hmhÿ-Iƒ hos≠-Sp-°m-\p≈ apkvenw-tem-I-Øns‚ Cu
{ia-sØ-bmWv Ckvem-anse \thm-∞m\ {]ÿm-\-߃ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-
∂Xv.
Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ {]Xn-k-‘nsb Hcp aqey-{]-Xn-k-‘n-bm-bmWv
apkvenw-Iƒ Im-Wp-∂Xv. Hcp ]pXnb kmaqlnI-{Iaw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂-Xn-
18 CkvemwaXw
eqsS am{Xta Cu hnj-am-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂v a\p-jy∂v tamN-\-ap≈q F∂v
Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p∂p. Ahn-S-hn-sS-bmbn Nne Cf-hp-Iƒ \evIp-Itbm kmaq-
lnI-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ D]-cn-L-S-\-bn¬ Nne am‰-߃ hcp-Øp-Itbm A√
bYm¿Y-Øn-em-hiyw. adn®v, kaqlw \ne-sIm-≈p∂ ASn-Ø-d-I-sfbpw a-
\p-jy-kw-kvImcw km£m-XvI-cn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p∂ Bi-b-ß-sfbpw IWn-
i-amb ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[-\°v hnt[-b-am-°p-I-bmWv th≠Xv. kmº-ØnI˛
cmjv{Sob _‘-ß-fn¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ, B[p-\nI \mK-
cn-IX {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂ BZ¿i-ß-fp-sSbpw aqey-ß-fp-sSbpw \S-]-Sn-
{I-a-ß-fp-sSbpw kzm`m-hn-I-amb A\-¥-c-^ew am{X-amWv. AXn-\m¬, a\p-
jy-s\bpw kaq-l-sØbpw Ipdn® \qX-\-amb Hcp ImgvN-∏m-Sn-te°v kaq-
lsØ \bn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS am{Xta {]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°m-\mhq F∂v
Ckvemw \n¿tZ-in-°p∂p. a\p-jys‚ kao-]-\-Øn¬ auen-I-amb am‰-Øn-
\p≈ Hcm-lzm-\-at{X, CXv. aX-Øns‚ kmaqlnI XØz-ß-sfbpw aqey-
ß-sfbpw Bg-Øn¬ {Kln-®mte Cu am‰w km[y-amhq. kmaqlnI˛kmº-
ØnI {]iv\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ AXns‚ \ne-]m-Sns\ bYm-X-Y-ambn Xn´-s∏-Sp-
Øp-Ibpw thWw. F¶n¬ am{Xta aXm-`n-ap-Jy-ap≈ kaq-l-߃°v a\p-
jy-k-aqlw C∂-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ sh√p-hn-fn-I-tfmSv {Inbm-fl-Ihpw ]pXp-
a-bm¿∂-Xp-amb kao-]\w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mhq.
Cu kao-]\w BZ¿im-[n-jvTn-X-am-IWw. kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-
hp-am-b-Nne B\p-Iq-ey-ß-fm-h-cpXv apkvenw-Iƒ°v {]tNm-Z-\-ta-tI≠
bYm¿Y e£yw. kmº-ØnI D]-cn-L-S-\-bn¬ Nne ]cn-jvI-c-W-߃ hcp-
ØpI F∂Xpw BI-cpXv. adn®v, kz¥w BZ¿i-ß-fp-sS-bpw aqey-ß-fp-
sSbpw AkvXn-hm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw N´-°q-tSm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp ]pXnb temI-{Iaw
Bbn-cn-°Ww.
kml-N-cy-ßsf ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v auen-I-amb am‰w hcpØmw
F∂-XmWv ]m›m-Xy≥ kao-]\w. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv kmaq-lnI-L-S-\-bn¬
am‰w F∂ Bi-b-Øn\v Du∂¬ \evI-s∏-´Xv. Cu kao-]\w ]t£, D±n-
jvS ^- ew ssIh-cn-°p-∂X - n¬ ]cm-Pb - s
- ∏´p. kv{Xo˛]pcp-j≥am-cmb hy‡n-
I-fn¬ am‰w hcp-tØ-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX Ah¿ X≈n-°-f™p. F∂n´v
_mly-tem-IsØ ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ {i≤-tI-{µo-I-cn®p. ka-{K-amb
]cn-h¿Ø-\-amWv bYm¿Y-Øn-em-hiyw˛ P\-ß-sfbpw _mly-tem-I-
sØbpw Hcp-t]mse Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]cn-h¿Ø\w. LS-\m-]-c-amb ]cn-jvI-
cWw Hcm-hiyw Xs∂-sb-¶nepw, {]iv\w LS-\-bp-tSXv am{X-a√. a\p-jy-
lr-Z-b-ßfpw BXvamhpw Bbn-cn-°Ww ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ {]mcw-`-_nµp.
bmYm¿Yy-sØbpw Pohn-XØ - n¬ X߃°p≈ ]Z-hn-sbbpw ZuXy-sØbpw
Ipdn®v Ah¿ ]pe¿Øp-∂- hn-`m-h-\-bnembn-cn-°Ww am‰-Øns‚ XpS°w.
kmaqlnI ]cn-h¿Ø-\t- Øm-Sp≈ Ckvem-ans‚ kao-]\w C∏-d™ hkvXp-
X-Isf XnI™ t_m[y-tØmsS I≠-dn-bp∂p.
"Ckvemw' F∂ ]Zw Ad_n `mj-bn-te-XmWv. kam-[m\w F∂¿Yw
hcp∂ "kevav', ka¿∏Ww F∂¿Yw hcp∂ "knevav' F∂o c≠v aqe-]-Z-
ß-fn-¬\n-∂mWv "Ckvemw' F∂ ]Zw \njv]Z- n-®Xv. AXv ssZth-O°v kzbw
ka¿∏n-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤X - s - b-°p-dn-°p∂p. {kjvSm-hn-t\mSpw Ahs‚ k¿h-
kr-jvSn-Pm-eß
- t- fmSpw cRvPn-t∏msS h¿Øn-°m≥ B ka¿∏Ww hgn km[n-
Ah-Xm-cnI 19
°p∂p. ssZth-O°v kºq¿W-ambn ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv a\x-im-
¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw kwPm-Xa - m-Ip-∂Xv. ssZth-Obpw a\p-tjy-Obpw H∂m-
bn-Øo-cp-∂-tXmsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ hn`n∂ taJ-e-Iƒ ka-{K-amb Hcm-Z¿i-
Øn\v Iogn¬ DZv{K-Yn-X-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. AtXmsS Pohn-XsØ aX-]cw atX-
Xcw, hnip≤w Ahn-ip≤w, BXvaobw `uXnIw F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn®v
\n¿Øp-∂Xv \nc¿Y-I-ambn amdp∂p. ssZhw GI\pw Ahn-`m-Py\pw Bb-
Xp-t]mse a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xhpw hy‡n-Xzhpw GIhpw Ahn-`-‡hpw Xs∂.
Pohn-X-Øns‚ Hmtcm hihpw AXns‚ a‰p -h-i-ß-fn¬\n∂v th¿s∏-Sp-
Øm-\m-hm-ØX - mWv. aX-]c- a
- mbXpw atX-Xc - a
- m-bXpw kzm[n-Im-ca
- p≈ hyXy-
kvX-amb c≠n-\-ß-f√. adn®v, Htc \mW-b-Øns‚ Ccp -]p-d-߃ am{Xw.
Hmtcm a\p-jy-I¿ahpw ssZh-hp-ambpw Ahs‚ am¿K-Z¿i-\-hp-ambpw _‘-
s∏-´-XmWv. a\p-jy-I¿a-߃t°m-tcm-∂n\pw AXyp-Zm-Ø-amb am\w \evI-
s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. X≥aqew AXv hnip-≤hpw km¿Y-Ihpw tkmt±-iyhpambn-
Øo-cp∂p.
Ckvem-an\v Hcp {]]-©-ho-£-Whpw Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n®v Hcp
ImgvN-∏m-Sp-ap≠v. {kjvSm-hns‚ GI-Xbpw Ahs‚ CO-°p≈ \ΩpsS
ka¿∏-Whpw kw_-‘n® Xncn-®-dn-hmWv AXn-∂-Sn-ÿm\w. k¿hhpw DZv`-
hn-°p-∂Xv GI-\mb ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂mWv. k¿hcpw A¥n-a-ambn ssZh-
tØmSv DØ-c-hm-ZnXzap≈-h-cp-amWv. ssZh-Øns‚ GI-X°v AXn-s‚-Xmb
Hc-\-¥-c-^-e-ap≠v˛ ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-I-fpsS GI-X-bt{X AXv. hwiw,
h¿Ww, PmXn, kºØv, A[n-Imcw XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈
hnth-N\ - ß
- ƒ AXp-hgn A{]-Xy-£a - m-hp∂p. k¿h-cp-sSbpw {kjvSmhv H∂m-
b-Xn-\m¬, CXc hy‡n-If - p-am-bp≈ \ΩpsS _‘w kºq¿W ka-Xz-Øn¬
A[n-jvTn-X-ambn amdp∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ \ΩpsS ZuXyw kz¥w {kjvSm-
hn-∂p≈ ka¿∏-W-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. {kjvSm-hn-∂p≈ A\p-k-c-Whpw Bcm-
[-\bpw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-e-£yhpw.
PohnXw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-Z¿i\w {kjvSmhv \ap°v
\evIm-Xn-cp-∂n-´n√. krjvSn-bpsS Bcw`w sXm´v Xs∂ a\p-jy∂v ssZhnI
ktµiw ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ ssZhn-I-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ {]t_m-[-I≥am-
cmbn {]hm-N-I≥amsc ssZhw \ntbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v. AXmWv, ssZth-O F¥v
F∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\p≈ t{kmX v. Aßs\ BZw(A) apX¬ Bcw-`n®v
apl-ΩZv(k)bn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂ {]hm-NI - ≥am-cpsS irwJe Xs∂ \ap°v
e`n®p. C_vdmlow, aqkm, \qlv, bq\pkv, k°-cnø, Cukm(A) XpS-ßn-
b-h¿ {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Cu kph¿W- irw-J-e-bnse IÆn-I-fmWv. ZmhqZv,
aqkm, Cukm, apl-ΩZv(A) F∂o {]hm-N-I≥am¿°v Hmtcm thZ-{KŸw
\evI-s∏-Sp-I-bp-ap≠mbn. apl-ΩZv \_n(k)°v \evI-s∏´ Jp¿-B-\mWv
G‰hpw HSp-hn-esØ Znhy-{KŸw.
ssZhn-I-h-N-\-ß-fmWv Jp¿-Bs‚ D≈-S°w. a\p-jy-I-c-ßfpsS CS-
s]-S-ep-I-fm¬ If-¶s∏-SmsX, am‰tam G‰-°p-d®ntem IqSmsX ssZhn-I-
sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw AXn¬ kpc-£n-X-ambn tijn-°p∂p. ap≥Im-
e-ß-fn¬ \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb F√m ssZh-Zq-X≥am-cp-sSbpw ktµ-i-Øns‚
kØ AXpƒs°m-≈p∂p. Pohn-XsØ samØw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈
Hcp N´-°qSv AXv ka¿∏n-°p∂p. \≥a-Xn≥a-Isf hnth-Nn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈
20 CkvemwaXw
IWn-i-amb am\-Z-WvU-ß-fp-≠-Xn¬. hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw
kz`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-∂p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-ß-fp-≠-Xn¬. KX-Ime a\p-jy-
k-aqlw sNbvXp-Iq-´nb t`mjv°p-Iƒ AXn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.
a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn\v I¿i-\-amb Xm°oXpw ssZhkm-ao]yw sImXn-°p-∂-
h¿°v \ne-®p-t]m-ImØ am¿K-Z¿i\w e`n-°psa∂ Dd∏pw AXv \evIp∂p.
Jp¿-B≥ Hcp am¿Kw hc-®p-Im-Wn-°p∂p. t\cmb am¿Kw˛"kzndm-Øp¬
apkvXJow.' B am¿K-Øn-eqsS Ncn-°p-∂-h-cpsS apgp-h≥ Pohn-Xhpw
kºq¿W-ambn ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. kz`m-h-Øn¬ AXv hnπ-h-I-c-amb
am‰w hcp-Øp∂p. a\p-jy-∂Xv I¿a-hocyw ]I-cp∂p. Cu hocyw a\p-jys‚
BXva-kw-kvI-c-W-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-Xp-S-ßp∂p. ]n∂oSXv `qanbn¬ ssZh-
Øns‚ hyhÿ kwÿm-]n-°p-hm-\p≈ \nc-¥-c- bXv\ambn cq]-s∏-Sp∂p.
^etam˛ kXy-Ønepw \≥a-bnepw \oXn-bnepw [¿a-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-X-
amb Hcp \h-tem-Ihpw.
temI-\n¿an-Xn-bn¬ kv{Xo°pw ]pcp-j∂pw \n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶v hln-
°p-hm-\p≠v. Ah¿ Cu `qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n[n (Jeo^)IfmWv.
Cu `mK-a`- n-\b
- n-°p-hm≥ am\-kn-Ia- mbn k÷-cm-°s - ∏-´h
- c
- m-Wh- ¿. B `mKw
`wKn-bm-b-`n-\-bn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv hnPbw. \≥a Iev]n-°pI, Xn≥a hne-°pI,
a\p-jys\ a\p-jys‚ ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v hntam-Nn-∏n-°pI, kz¥w
CObpw ssZh-Øns‚ CObpw H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ am{Xta Btcm-Ky-
]q¿W-amb Hcp kaqlw krjvSn-°-s∏Sq F∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-
°pI XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv B {]mXn-\n[y \n¿h-l-W-Øns‚ icn-bmb cq]w.
CXv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-h-cpsS Pohn-X-e£yw ssZh-Øns‚ Xr]vXn am{X-am-bn-
cn°pw. Abmƒ k¿h-kr-jvSn-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw ]c-kv]c _‘ap-≈-h-sb∂
\ne-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn°pw. Cu Ahÿ, a\p-jy-t£aw F∂ Bi-bsØ,
a\p-jy-cpsS P¥p-k-l-P-amb Bh-iy-߃ \n¿h-ln-°pI F∂ \ne-hm-c-
Øn¬\n∂v, Cu temIØpw ]c-tem-IØpw AXyp-Ø-a-am-b-sXt¥m AXv
t\Sn-sb-Sp-°pI F∂ \ne-hm-c-Øn-te°v Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp∂p.
CXmWv Ckvem-ans‚ {]m]-©nI ho£Ww. CXmWv a\p-jy-s\bpw
Ahs‚ `mK-t[-bs - Øbpw Ipdn® Ckvem-ans‚ ImgvN∏ - mSv. aX-Øn\v ]m›m-
Xy-temIw Iev]n-°p∂ A¿Y-Øn-ep≈ Hcp aX-a√, Ckvemw. AXv Htc
kabw hnizm-kk - w-ln-Xbpw Pohn-Xc- o-Xn-bp-amWv, {]Xy-bi - m-kv{Xhpw kmaq-
lnI-{I-a-hp-amWv, XØz-kw-ln-Xbpw s]cp-am‰®´-hp-amWv, Hcp [¿a-kw-ln-
Xbpw, Ch-sb-sbms° {]tbm-K-h¬°-cn-°p∂ kwL-SnX {]ÿm-\hpw.
Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ AXp-eyX AXns‚ aqey-ß-fnepw XØz-
ß-fn-ep-amWv IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂Xv. tim`-\-amb Hcp Ncn{X Ime-L-´-Øn-\p
tijw apkvenw-Iƒ C°mcyw hnkva-cn-°p-Ibpw kz¥w kwkvIm-c-Øns‚
_mly-tam-Sn-bn¬ am{Xw hymtam-ln-Xc - m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXt- XmsS X߃ ]Wn-
Xp-b¿Ønb B `h\w ]q¿W-ambn kwc£n-°p-hm≥ t]mepw Ah¿-°m-
bn√. kz¥w BZ¿ihpw aqey-ßfpw XØz-ß-fp-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ i‡n.
AXns‚ {]k‡n F°m-es - Øbpw t]mse C°m-eØpw hep-XmWv. Imem-
Xo-X-am-W-Xns‚ ktµiw. XØz-ß-fm-Is´, km¿h-eu-In-Ihpw.
Hcp \h-tem-I-{I-a-Øn∂v th≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS At\z-j-W-Øn¬ am\p-
jnI {]iv\-ßsf hyXy-kvX -]-cn-t{]-£y-Øn-eqsS kao-]n-°p∂ ]pXnb
Ah-Xm-cnI 21
Hcp hyh-ÿ-sb-bmWv \mw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv. B hyhÿ k¶p-Nn-
X-amb tZiob˛{]mtZ-inI Xm¬]-cy-ß-fpsS ho£-W-tIm-Wn-eqsS am{Xw
{]iv\-ßsf kao-]n-°p∂ H∂m-I-cpXv. adn®v \≥a-tbXv, Xn≥a-tbXv
F∂Xpw hy‡n-]-chpw tZio-bhpw A¥¿tZ-io-b-hp-amb hn`n-∂ -X-e-ß-
fn¬, \oXn-\n-jvThpw am\p-jn-I-hp-amb Hcp temI-{Iaw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥
F{X \∂mbn {]b-Xv\n-°p-hm≥ \ap°v Ignbpw F∂Xpambn-cn-°Ww B
ho£-W-Øn-∂-Sn-ÿm\w.
\ne-hn-ep≈ kmaq-lnI{Iaw A{I-a-Ønepw Nqj-W-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-
X-am-sW∂ Imcyw kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn sXfn-™n-´p-≈-XmWv. a\p-jy-s\bpw,
a\p-jy∂v kz¥w kl-Po-hn-I-tfmSpw kaq-l-tØmSpw {]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw {]]-
©-tØmSpap≈ _‘-sØbpw kw_-‘n-®p≈ sX‰mb ImgvN-∏m-SmWv Cu
Zp¿K-Xn°v tlXp F∂v Ckvemw a\- n-em-°p∂p. Hcp \h-tem-IØ -- n\v
th≠n-bp≈ At\z-jWw a\p-jy-s\bpw kaq-l-Øn¬ Ahs‚ ]¶n-s\bpw
kw_-‘n®v ]pXnb ImgvN-∏mSv Dƒs°m-≈p-hm≥ \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p∂p.
temI-a-X-ß-fpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ s]mXp-hmbpw, Ckvem-ans‚ ho£-W-Øn¬
{]tXy-I-ambpw, N¿®-bpsS a¿aw a\p-jy-s\bpw kaq-l-sØbpw Ipdn®
]pXnb Z¿i-\-Øn-te°v am‰-s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v. Hcp ]pXn-b -kmw-kvIm-cnI ]cn-
h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°v \bn°pw hn[w a\p-jym-h-t_m-[-Ønepw aqey-t_m-[-
Ønepw am‰w hcp-Øp-hm-\p≈ {]bXv\w F∆n-[-am-bn-cn-°Ww F∂ hnj-
b-Øn-te°vv N¿® Xncn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v.
Cu k¶-ev]a - mWv B\p-Im-enI Ckvem-anI \thm-∞m-\Ø - ns‚ {]tNm-
Z-\-ambn h¿Øn-®n-´p-≈Xv. Cu ]cn-t{]-£y-Øns‚ N´-°q-´n¬\n-∂p-sIm-
≠mWv apkv e nw- I - f n∂v Hcp ]pXnb I¿Ø- h y- \ n¿h- l - W - Ø n- ∂ mbn
DW¿s∂-gp-t∂-‰p- h-cp-∂Xv. B[p-\n-IX - b
- psS {]iv\ß
- sf A`n-ap-Jo-Ic- n®pw
A¥m-cmjv{S Xe-Øn¬ atX-Xc - k
- n-≤m-¥ß- s
- fbpw ÿm]-\ß- s- fbpw sh√p-
hn-fn®pw Ah¿ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰n-cn-°p∂p. ]Sn-™m-dp-\n∂p hen-™p-I-
bdn h∂ sshtZ-in-I-kn-≤m-¥-ß-fn¬\n∂v kz¥w Nn¥m-a-WvU-e-sØbpw
kap-Zm-b-sØbpw ip≤o-I-cn-®p-sIm≠pw a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn-∂-Jnew Ckvem-
anI Pohn-X-{I-a-Øns‚ Pme-I-ambn h¿Øn-°m-hp-∂-hn[w kz¥w \m´n¬
]pXnb hyhÿ sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-hm≥ k¿h-hn-`-h-ßfpw Hcp-°q-´n-s°m≠pw
apt∂-dp-I-bm-W-h¿. apkvenw-tem-IØv Zriy-am-Ip∂ Cu ]pXnb D∞m-\-
Øns‚ apJy-in-ev]n-I-fn¬ {]ap-J-\mWv kønZv A_p¬ AAvem auZqZn.
{InkvXz_vZw 1903-˛¬ `qPm-X-\mb auZqZn 1918˛-¬ Xs∂ Xs‚ s]mXp-
Po-hnXw Bcw-`n®p. ]{Xm-[n-]¿, ]WvUn-X≥, Nn¥-I≥, {]ÿm-\-\m-b-I≥,
sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb \qdn-tesd {KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv, Bbn-c-Øn-tesd
{]`m-j-W-ß-fpsS DSa F∂o \ne-I-fn-se√mw auZqZn Xs‚ ]mShw sXfn-
bn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. 1979˛-¬ At±-l-Øns‚ \ncymWw Hcp Ime-L-´-Øns‚
A¥ywIpdn®p.
C¥ym˛]m°n-ÿm≥ D]-`q-J-WvU-Ønse _u≤nI aWvU-e-Øn¬
{InkvXz_vZw 1927˛-embn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Ac-t߉w. A∂v At±-l-
Øns‚ {]mbw shdpw Ccp-]-Øn-\mev. "A¬Pn-lmZp ^n¬ Ckvemw' F∂
_rl-Ømb {KŸ-Øn-eqsS At±lw Hcp tImfn-f°w Xs∂ krjvSn®p.
Hcp Zn\-]-{X-Øn¬ JWvUix {]kn-≤o-I-cn® teJ-\-߃°v 1930˛-¬ {KŸ-
22 CkvemwaXw
cq]w \evI-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. ap∏-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-]m-Z-Øn¬ Xs∂ D]-`q-
J-WvU-Øns‚ _u≤nI aWvU-e-Ønse kzm[o-\-i-‡n-bp≈, Iqk-en-
√mØ {]apJ ]WvUn-X-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p At±lw. 1933 apX¬ Xm≥ ]{Xm-
[n-]Xyw hln-®p-t]m∂ "X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥' amknI D]-`q-J-WvU-
Ønse apkvenw _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fpsS a\- n¬ hºn® kzm[o\w t\Sn. \mev]-
Xp-I-fpsS XpS°w apX¬ auem\m auZq-Zn-bpsS IrXn-Iƒ Ad_n, Cw•ojv
XpS-ßnb apJy hntZi `mj-If - n-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp XpS-ßn-bt- XmsS
At±-l-Øns‚ Bi-b-߃ D]-`q-J-WvU-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-Iƒ°-∏pdw H´-
t\Iw P\-a-\- p-Isf BI¿jn®p. \ncym-X-\m-hp-tºm-tg°pw At±lw,
C°m-e-L-´-Øn¬ G‰hpa[nIw hmb-\-°m-cp≈ apkvenw {KŸ-Im-c-\mbn
amdn-°-gn-™n-cp∂p F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ H´pw AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bn√. - B[p-
\nI CkvemanI \thm-∞m-\-Øn\pw Nn¥°pw {]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw Aaq-
eyhpw A\¿L-hp-amb kw`m-h-\-I-f¿∏n® ]WvUn-X≥!
auem\m auZq-Znsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ckvemw _p≤n-]-c-amb
hym]mcw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√. Ckvem-an-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm\pw Ckvem-an\v
th≠n Pohn-°p-hm\pw At±lw ]c-am-h[n {ian®p. Ccp-]-Xp-I-fpsS a[y-
Øn-em-bn-cn-s°-Øs∂ Xs‚ k¿h-I-gn-hp-Ifpw Ckvem-an-Im-[ym-]-\-ßsf
hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw hymJym-\n-°p-hm-\pambn ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ At±lw
Xocp-am-\n-®p-Ig- n-™n-cp∂p. am{X-a√, Ckvem-an-Im-[ym-]\
- ß- sf {]mtbm-KnI
bmYm¿Yy-ßf - mbn ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Xs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-
P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw At±lw \n›-bn®p. Ckvemw Nne hnizm-k-{]-am-
W-ß-fp-sSbpw BNm-c-co-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw kwlnX am{X-a-s√∂pw adn®v, Hcp
Pohn-X-hy-h-k-vY-bm-sW∂pw At±lw k¿h-i-‡nbpw D]-tbm-Kn®v {]Jym-
]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p. ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sn-em-W-Xns‚ thcp-Iƒ; ssZh-t_m-
[-am-W-Xn¬ hym]n-®-nd-ßnb BXvamhv. ssZthO°v hg-ß-ep-w \≥a-bpsS
{]tbm-K-h-XvI-c-W-hp-am-W-Xns‚ e£yw. Cu PohnX coXn ]n¥p-S-cm≥ Hcp
apkvenw _m[y-ÿ-\mWv. hmNm˛I¿aWm AX-h≥ {]tbm-K-Øn¬ sIm≠p-
ht∂ ]‰q. `qap-J-ØXns\ \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ Ah¿ ]Wn-sb-SptØ aXn-
bmhq˛ At±lw hniz-kn®p. XZm-h-iym¿Yw, Xs‚ ssh⁄m-\nI kw`m-h-
\-Iƒ°p ]pdta, 1941˛-¬ Pam-AsØ Ckveman F∂ kwL-S-\°v At±lw
cq]w \evIn. A∂v apX¬ 1972 hsc At±lw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p AXns‚
\mb- I ≥. Btcm- K y- ] - c - a mb Imc- W - ß - f m¬ \mb- I - ÿ m\w Hgn™
tijhpw, Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°p
am{X-a√, AXp-ambn _‘-sam-∂p-an-√mØ temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-KØ - p-ap≈
apkvenw kv{Xo]p-cp-j≥am¿°pw am¿K-Z¿i-\hpw {]tNm-Z-\hpw Bth-i-hp-
am-bn-cp∂p auZqZn. IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X-em-fp-Iƒ, hninjym apkvenw bph-P-\-
߃, auZq-Znsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw, At±lw hy‡hpw i‡-hp-amb
`mj-bn¬ DZvtLm-jWw sNbvX Ckvem-anI ImgvN-∏mSv Xncn-®-dn™v
Dƒs°m-≈p-hm\pw apt∂m-´p-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p.
AtXmsS auem\m auZqZn Hcp A°m-U-an-jy≥ am{X-a-√m-Xmbn. Xm≥
ka¿∏n® Ckvem-anI ImgvN-∏mSv {]tbm-K-h-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bp≈
\nc-¥-c-amb ka-c-Øn-te¿s∏´ Hcp I¿a-tbm-≤m-hmbn At±lw. Cu ka-c-
Øn-∂n-S-bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ an∂p∂ ]e kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-ßfpw temIw
Ah-Xm-cnI 23
I≠p. alm-a-\-kvI-Xbpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw £abpw Ah-bn¬ FSp-Øp-]-
d-tb-≠-h-bmWv. cmjv{Sob Imcy-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-´-Xn-\m¬, {]tXy-In®pw 1948
apX¬, ]m°n-ÿm≥ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ssII-fm¬ At±-l-Øn\v Gsd a¿Z-
\-ß-tf-evt°-≠n-h∂p. At±lw \mb-I-\mb {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ bYm¿Y
kz`m-hhpw e£yhpw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ B `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ ]cm-P-b-
s∏´p. A_q-l-\o^, AlvaZv _n≥lw-_¬, C_v\p-ssX-anø, ssiJv
AlvaZv k¿lnµn, kønZv JpXp_v XpS-ßnb KX-Ime ]WvUn-X-sc-t∏mse
auZq-Zn°pw ]e-X-hW XS-hd hoSmbn. 1953-˛¬ Xe-\m-cn-g-°mWv At±lw
Xq°p-a-c-Øn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-´Xv. 1963-˛¬ At±lw Hc-{I-an-bpsS shSn-bp-
≠-sbbpw AXn-Po-hn®p. ]oU-\-ßsf t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ At±lw Akm-am-
\y-amb A¥ pw sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb a\-°-cpØpw {]Z¿in-∏n®p. AXv
At±-l-Øn\v an{X-ß-fpsS am{X-a√ i{Xp-°-fp-sSbpw kvt\lm-Z-c-hp-Iƒ
t\Sn-s°m-SpØp.
_rl-Ømb Hcp {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ \mb-I≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xs‚ Npa-
en¬ h≥`m-c-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cn-s°-Øs∂ {KŸ-c-N-\°v At±lw kabw
Is≠Øn F∂Xv FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-XmWv. B cN-\-I-fm-Is´ KW-Øn¬
am{X-a√ KpW-Ønepw anI-®p-\n∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ "am·w Hm]kv' Bbn
KWn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-\-{KŸw Xs‚ \nkvXp-e-amb BJym-\-
ssi-en-bp-sSbpw ssh⁄m-\n-Ia - mb Bg-Øn-s‚bpw ss[j-Wn-Ia - mb D÷z-
e-X-bp-sSbpw anI® ZrjvSm-¥-at{X. B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚ {]iv\-߃°v
]cn-lm-c-ambn Ckvem-ans\ FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ auZqZn {]I-Sn-∏n®
ss\]p-Wy-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ apJy khn-ti-jX. Ckvem-anI hnj-b-
ß-fn-ep≈ AKm-[-amb ]mWvUn-Xy-tØm-sSm∏w B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚
{]mtbm-KnI {]iv\-ßsf kw_-‘n® XnI™ [mc-Wbpw At±-l-Øn-\p-
≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-Wn-Xn\v ImcWw.
B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-tºmƒ At±lw AXn-bm-Ym-
ÿn-Xn-IX - b- psS Im¿°iyw ImWn-®n√. B[p-\nI a\- p-If - n¬ Bg-Øn¬
thcq-∂nb Bi-b-߃, Ah C°m-esØ ^mj-\mWv F∂-Xn-\mtem,
temI-\m-b-I≥am-cmbn Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ P\-X-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Ahbv°v BZ-c-
Wo-b -ÿm-\-ap≠v F∂-Xn-\mtem At±-lsØ kw{`-an-∏n-®p-an√. a\p-jy-
k-aq-l-Øns‚ ]cn-N-b-k-º-Øn¬\n∂v Btcm-Ky-I-chpw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-hp-
amb Awi-߃ Bh-iym-\p-kmcw kzmb-Ø-am-°p-hm\pw Ahsb, Ckvem-
anI {]Xy- b - i mkv { Xw {]Xn- \ n- [ o- I - c n- ° p∂ Pohn- X - e - £ y- ß - f psS
km£m¬°m-c-Øn\v th≠-hn[w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw At±lw
apkvenw-I-tfm-Sm-h-iy-s∏´p. auZq-Zn-bpsS Cu \ne-]m-SmWv ]e-scbpw At±-
l-Øn-te-°-Sp-∏n-®Xv. ]e-scbpw AI-‰n-bXpw AXp-Xs∂. hnti-jn®pw,
Xo{h-bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I-scbpw apkvenw-k-aq-l-Ønse Aan-X-ambn ]m›m-Xy-
h¬°-cn-°-s∏-´-h-scbpw.
auZq-Zn-bpsS as‰mcp hnJymX IrXn-bmWv cnkm-etb Zo\n-ømØv.
Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm\ k¶-ev]ß - s - fbpw XØz-ßs - fbpw Ipdn-®p≈ {]mY-
anI ]T-\a - m-WXv. km[m-cW
- h- m-b\ - °
- m¿°v, hninjym bphm-°ƒ°v Ckvem-
ans‚ A¿Yhpw ktµ-ihpw kw_-‘n®v EPphpw efn-Xhpw kp{Km-ly-hp-
amb Hcp hymJym\w Cu IrXn \evIp∂p. kw{`a-P-\-I-amb k¶o¿W-X-
24 CkvemwaXw
Ifpw X¿°-im-kv{X-Ønse ht{Im-‡n-IfpwsIm≠v kº-∂hpw F∂m¬
A\p-hm-N-Is\ hnizm-k-Øns‚ ssNX-\y-hp-ambn t\cn´v _‘n-∏n-°p-hm≥
H´pw klm-b-I-a-√m-Ø-Xp-amb aX-X-Øz-im-kv{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS IÆv X≈n-
°p∂ ssien-b√ Cu IrXn-bp-sSXv.
Xptemw `n∂-amb Hcp IrXn-bm-WnXv. Ckvem-anI XØz-ß-fpsS efn-
X-amb hnh-cWw AXv A\p-hm-N-I∂v \evIp∂p ˛ Pohn-X-tØm-Sp≈
AXns‚ kao-]\w, hnizm-kI - m-cy-߃, Bcm-[\ - m-Im-cy-߃, Pohn-XZ- ¿i\w
F√mw. Jp¿-Bs‚ hymJym-\-co-Xn-bp-ambn XmZmXvayw {]m]n® Hcm-Jym-\-
ssien. Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\m-[ym-]\ - ß
- f
- psS cXv\® - p-cp°w. apJy-ambpw
kmam- \ y- P - \ - ß - s fbpw hnZym¿Yn- I - s fbpw Dt±- i n®v cNn- ® - X m- I - b m¬
k¶o¿W-amb XØz-im-kv{X -k-a-ky-IƒsIm≠v A\p-hm-NI\v `mc-an-b-
‰p∂ H∂pw CXn-en√. cNbn-Xm-hns‚ `mjbpw ssienbpw kv^pShpw
EPphpw efn-X-hp-at{X. "cnkm-esb Zo\n-ømØv' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ 1932-
˛¬ D¿Zp-`m-j-bn-se-gp-X-s∏´ aqe-{KŸw Db¿∂ ¢mkp-I-fnse hnZym¿Yn-I-
sfbpw kmam-\y-P-\-ß-sfbpw Dt±-in®v Xøm-dm-°n-b-XmWv. AXp D±njvS
e£yw \nd-th-‰p-IX - s∂ sNbvXp. Ct¥m˛]mIn-kvXm≥ D]-`q-JW - vUØ- nse
an° hnZym-e-b-ß-fnepw Cu IrXn aX-]m-T-]p-kvX-I-ambn \n›-bn-°-s∏´p.
Cw•ojv, Ad_n, lnµn, t]¿jy≥, P¿a≥, {^©v, C‰m-en-b≥, S¿°njv,
t]m¿®p-Kokv, kzmlnen, C≥tUm-t\-jy≥, Pm∏-\okv, ae-bmfw, Xanƒ,
]jvXp, s_≥Kmfn, KpP-dmØn, kn‘n XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n `mj-I-fn-te°v
Cu IrXn hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn.
1940˛emWv {]Ya Cw•ojv ]cn-`mj shfn®wI≠Xv. tUm. A_vZp¬
K\n Bbn-cp∂p ]cn-`m-j-I≥. AXns‚ AkwJyw ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ ]pd-Øn-
dßn. H∂n-e-[nIw Imc-W-ß-fm¬ Hcp ]pXnb Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-bpsS
Bhiyw A\p-`-h-s∏´p. {]Ya Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j°v Iptd-tbsd t]mcm-bva-
I-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. IqSmsX, aqe-IrXn Xs∂, 1940˛Ifn¬ kp{]-[m-\-amb ]e
am‰-ß-tfmSpw A\p-_-‘-ß-tfmSpw IqSn ]cn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. Cu
]cn-jvI-cn® ]Xn-∏ns‚ (]cn-jvI-cn® 16-˛mw ]Xn∏v)* Hcp ]pXnb Cw•ojv
]cn-`mj Xøm-dm-°p-hm-\p≈ Npa-Xe F∂n¬ h∂p-tN¿∂p. 1950 a[y-
tØmsS Rm\Xp ]q¿Øn-bm°n. {]Ya ]cn-`mj apºn¬ sh®n-cp-s∂-¶nepw
AXn¬\n∂v hfsc Ipd®v JWvUn-I-Iƒ am{Xta Cu ]pXnb ]cn-`m-j-
bn¬ tN¿Øn-´p≈q. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ aqe-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ Hcp ]Zm-\p-]Z ]cn-
`m-j°v Rm≥ apXn¿∂n-´n√. km[y-am-tb-S-tØmfw aqe-{KŸw A∏Sn
hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-hm≥ BXvam¿Y-amb {iaw \S-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepw, aqe-
{K-Ÿ-Ønse Bi-b-ß-fpsS IqSp-X¬ ^e-{]-Z-amb kwth-Z\-Øn\v Bh-
iy-sa∂v tXm∂nb kµ¿`-ßf - n¬ B {iaw Dt]-£n-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p. 1959˛¬
Fs‚ Cw•ojv ]cn-`mj ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm≥ aqe-{K-Ÿ-Im-c≥ k≥a-\ v
ImWn®p. At±-l-Øns‚ AwKo-Im-c-tØmsS Cu hnh¿Ø\w s]mXp-P-\-
k-a£w ka¿∏n-X-ambn.
1959˛-¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb {]Ya ]Xn∏v Ign™ c≠v Zi-I-ß-fn-embn,
]e-X-hW ]p\x-{]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p≠v. kwh-’-c-߃ IS-∂p-t]m-Ish,
* \ne-hn-ep≈ ae-bmf ]cn-`mj aqe-{K-Ÿ-Øns‚ ]Xn-\memw ]Xn∏v apºn¬ sh®p-≈-XmWv
˛ {]km-[-I¿.
Ah-Xm-cnI 25 26 CkvemwaXw

Fs‚ ]cn-`m-j°v C\nbpw ]cn-jvI-c-W-߃ th≠-Xp-s≠∂v tXm∂n. 1968

apX¬ 78 hsc-bp≈ bp.sI. bnse Fs‚ Zo¿L-hmkw, hnZym¿Yn-Po-hnX
ImeØv hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX Cu IrXnsb IqSp-X¬ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-
hm≥ Ah-k-c-taIn. Ct∏mƒ, B hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ]cn-jvI-cn® ]Xn∏v
e≠-\nse Ckvem-anIv ^ut≠-j≥ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Cu
IrXn ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v hne-s∏´ klm-b-߃ \evIn-b-Xn\v Middle East
Educations‚ ]{Xm-[n-]cpw The Times Higher Education Supplements‚ ap≥ hntZ-
i-]{- Xm-[n-]cpw Fs‚ kplr-Øp-amb t]mƒ aq¿am-t\mSv F\n°v \µn-bp≠v.
{]Ya ]cn-`mj Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn¬ Fs∂ klm-bn® JzmPm A_vZp¬
hmlnZv, A≥km¿ AAvkw F∂n-h-tcm-Sp≈ IrX-⁄-Xbpw Rm\n-hnsS
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øs´. ]t£, auem\m auZq-Zn-tbm-Sp≈ hºn® IS-∏mSv tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Fs‚ XqenI Ai-‡-amWv. At±-l-Øns‚ Bi-b-ßfpw
DZm-Ø-amb Pohn-X-am-Xr-Ibpw A{Xbpw i‡n-bmb kzm[o-\-amWv Fs‚
Pohn-XØ - n¬, Fs‚ hf¿®-bpsS Hmtcm hnXm-\Ø - nepw sNep-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv.
At±lw A\-izc Pohn-X-Øn-te°v bm{X ]d-™p-t]m-bXv F¥p-am{Xw
AKm-[-amb iq\y-X-bmWv F∂n¬ krjvSn-®-sX∂v ]d-bpI hø. k¿h-i-
‡≥ At±-lsØ A\p-{K-ln-°p-am-dm-Is´. At±-l-Øns‚ ZuXyw Gs‰-
SpØp \S-Øp-hm≥ At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v ˛ A°q-´-Øn-sem-cm-
fm-b-Xn¬ Rm≥ A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂p˛A√mlp DXhn \evIp-Ibpw sNøp-
am-dm-Is´. ]c-»Xw a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ hnπhw krjvSn-°p-Ibpw
Ahsc Ckvem-ans‚ cmP-]m-X-bn-te°v B\-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX IrXn-I-
fn-sem-∂mWv cnkmse Zo\n-ømØv. hnhn[ temI-`m-jI - f
- n-embn ]Øp e£-
Øn¬]cw {]Xn-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ IrXn. Cu IrXn-bpsS {]kn-≤o-
I-c-W-Øn¬ `mK-`m-°m-Ip-hm≥ km[n®p F∂Xv AXp-ey-amb Hcp _lp-a-
Xn-bmbn Rm≥ Icp-Xp∂p.

C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v t]mfnkn ÃUokv,

Ckvem-am-_mZv, ]m°n-ÿm≥

apl¿dw H∂v ˛ 1400

\hw-_¿ Ccp-]Xv ˛ 1979 Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

1
Ckvemw
an ° temI-a-X-ßfpw H∂p-In¬ B aX-Øns‚ ÿm]-I-s‚tbm As√-
¶n¬ AXpZv`-hn® kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚tbm t]cn-em-W-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. DZm-l-c-
W-ambn, {InkvXp-aXw F∂ t]¿ tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬\n∂v e`n-®X - mWv. _p≤-
a-X-am-Is´, AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb alm-flm-_p-≤-\n¬\n∂pw. kucmjv{S
aXw F∂ t]¿ AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb kucmjv{Ssc(Zoraster) kqNn-∏n-
°p∂p. blq-Z-aXw B t]cp≈ tKm{X-Øn-em-WpZv`hn-®Xv. an° aX-ß-fp-
sSbpw \ma-I-c-W-Øn-∂-Sn-ÿm\w CXpXs∂. F∂m¬, Ckvemw aXw Cu
s]mXp XØz-Øn-∂-]-hm-Z-at{X. "Ckvemw' F∂ t]¿ Hcp {]tXyI hy‡n-
bn¬\nt∂m kap-Zm-b-Øn¬\nt∂m DZv`-hn-®-X√. B \maw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂Xv Hcp khn-tij KpW-sØ-bmWv. Ckvemw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS krjvSntbm
Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ IpØ-Itbm As√∂v AXns‚ \maw hy‡-am-°p∂p.
hy‡n, \maw, P\X F∂n-h-tbmSv AXn∂v {]tXyI _‘-sam-∂p-an√.
Ckvemw F∂ khn-tij KpWw a\p-jy-cn¬ kwPm-X-am-°p-I-bm-W-Xns‚
e£yw. KX-Ime P\-k-aq-l-ß-fnse kXy-k-‘cpw kpIr-Xn-I-fp-amb
GsXms° Bfp-I-fn¬ {]kvXpX KpWw D≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm Ah-sc√mw
"apkvenw'-I-fm-bn-cp∂p. C∂pw Ah-cmWv "apkvenw-Iƒ.' F∂pw Ah¿ Xs∂-
bm-bn-cn°pw "apkvenw-'Iƒ.
"Ckveman's‚ A¿Yw
"Ckvemw' F∂Xv Hcp Ad_n i_vZa- mWv. "A\p-kc
- Ww', IogvhW
- °w,
kºq¿W ka¿∏Ww Fs∂√mw AXn-∂¿Y-ap≠v. as‰mcp hn[w ]d-™m¬,
"Ckvemw' F∂m¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°epw Ah∂v Iogvh-W-ßepw
Ah-\n¬ k¿hkzw ka¿∏n-°-ep-amWv "Ckvemw' F∂ t]cns‚ s]mcpfpw
AXt{X.*
* Ckvemw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v kam-[m\w F∂pw A¿Y-ap≠v. ssZh-Øn∂v kzbw ka¿∏n-°pI
hgn Hcmƒ°v imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-ambn kam-[m\w e`y-am-Ip∂p F∂¿Yw. A\p-k-
c-W-\n-jvT-amb AØ-c-samcp PohnXw a\x-im¥n ssIh-cp-Øp-Ibpw AXp-hgn kaq-l-
Øn-ep-S-\ofw kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
28 CkvemwaXw
Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw
{]m]-©nI hkvXp-°-sf√mw Nne \nb-a-߃°v hnt[-b-am-sW∂v
ImWmw. kqcy˛N{µ˛\£-{X-tKm-f-ß-sf√mw `{Z-amb Nne \nb-a-ß-fm¬
_‘n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. B \nb-a-߃s°-Xnsc AWp-h-fhpw Nen-°p-hm-
\-hbv°v km[y-a√. `qan, Hcp \n›n-X-th-K-Øn-emWv Id-ßp-∂Xv. AXns‚
\n›nX thK-Øntem ka-b-Øntem ]Y-Øntem Hcp am‰hpw kw`-hn-°p-
∂n√. hmbphpw sh≈hpw shfn-®hpw Dujvam-hp-sa√mw C{]-Imcw Nne
\nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°-[o-\-amWv. [mXp-h¿K-߃, kky-e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ, P¥p-
Pm-e-߃ F∂nh D≠m-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw sNdp-Xm-hp-Ibpw hep-Xm-hp-
Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw acn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Ahbv°v \n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-
´p≈ \nb-a-߃s°mØv am{Xw. C\n, a\p-jyt\m? Ah\pw Nne {]IrXn
\nb-a-߃°v hnt[-b-\mWv. Ah≥ P\n-°p-∂Xpw hf-cp-∂Xpw izkn-°p-
∂Xpw Blm-c-]m-\o-b-߃ Ign-°p-∂Xpw NqSpw shfn-®hpw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-
∂Xpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-∂m-[m-c-amb \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-f-\p-k-cn-®mWv.
Ahs‚ lrZ-b-an-Sn-∏p-Ifpw izmk-Øp-Sn-∏p-Ifpw c‡-Nw-{I-a-W-hp-sa√mw
AXm-Xns‚ \nb-aa - \
- p-kc - n-®p-am{Xw. Ahs‚ akvXn-jvIhpw Zl-t\-{µn-bhpw
\mUo-hyq-lhpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw ]t©-{µn-bß - fpw F∂p-th≠ ico-cØ - nse
Hmtcm tImihpw AXm-Xn\v \n›-bn-°-s∏´ tPmen-Iƒ am{X-amWv \n¿h-
ln-°p-∂Xv.
hm\-tem-I-Ønse h≥tKm-f-߃ apX¬ `qan-bnse ]c-am-Wp-h-sc-bp≈
k¿hhpw Aew-L\ - o-ba- mb Nne \nb-aß - ƒ°v hnt[-ba - mWv F∂v Npcp°w.
B \nb-a-߃ alm-\mb Hcp ]cm-i‡n \n¿an-®-XmWv. B ]cm-i-‡n-sb-
bmWv {]]-©-a-Jn-ehpw AXnse kakvX krjvSn-Pm-e-ßfpw A\p-k-cn-
°p-∂Xv. ImcWw, Ah≥ \n¿an® \nb-a-߃°mWv Ah-sb√mw Iogvs∏-
´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu A¿Y-Øn¬, kakvX temI-Øn-s‚bpw aXw Ckvem-
amWv. ImcWw, Ckvemw F∂m¬ ssZhsØ A\p-kc - n-°epw Ah∂v Iogvh-
W-ßepamWv. At∏mƒ kqcy-˛N-{µ˛-\-£-{Xm-Zn-tKm-f-߃ apkvenw-I-fmWv;
`qan apkven-amWv; hmbphpw sh≈hpw {]Im-ihpw apkvenw-I-fmWv; I√p-
Ifpw ac-ßfpw arK-ßfpw apkvenw-I-fmWv; ssZhsØ Adn-bm-Ø-h\pw
ssZh-\n-tj-[nbpw ssZth-X-c-i-‡n-Isf ]qPn-°p-∂-h\pw ssZh-Øn¬
A\ysc ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°p-∂-h-\p-sa√mw apkvenw Xs∂-bmWv. ImcWw,
{]IrXym apkven-am-W-h≥. Ahs‚ P\-\hpw Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-hp-sa√mw
Xs∂ ssZhnI \nb-a-߃°v hnt[-b-amWv. Ahs‚ k¿hmw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw
k¿h-tIm-i-ß-fp-sSbpw aXw Ckvem-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-sb√mw ssZhn-I-
\n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv D≠m-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw Nen-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv.
F¥n-t\sd, Ahn-th-I-Øm¬, ssZh-\n-tj-[tam _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-ktam
{]Jym-]n-°p∂ kz¥w \mhp-t]mepw apkven-amWv. ssZth-X-c≥am-cpsS
apºn¬ Ah≥ \n¿_-‘] - q¿hw Ip\n-°p∂ kz¥w inc pw A⁄-Xb - m¬
Ah-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\l-`-‡n-_-lp-am-\-߃ \nd-™p-Xp-fp-ºp∂ Ahs‚
a\ pw apkven-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-sbm-s°bpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv ssZhnI
\nb-a-߃°-\p-k-cn-®mWv. Ah-bpsS Hmtcm Ne-\hpw ssZhnI hyh-ÿ-
Iƒ°v hnt[-b-hp-amWv.
CXv a\p-jym-h-ÿ-bpsS Hcp hiw. CXn-s∂mcp ad-ph-i-ap≠v. a\p-jy≥
Ckvemw 29
CXc krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-sf-t∏m-se-b√. hntij _p≤n-bm-e-\p-Kr-lo-X-\m-W-
h≥. Ah∂v Nn¥m-i‡ - nbpw {Kmly-i‡ - n-bp-ap≠v. A`n-{]m-b{- ]-IS- \ tijn-
bp≠v. Hcp Imcyw kzoI-cn-∏m\pw as‰m∂v Xnc-kvIc - n-°m\pw Ah∂v Ignbpw.
H∂ns\ CjvS-s∏-Sm\pw as‰m-∂ns\ shdp-°m-\p-amhpw. Hcp Pohn-X-]-≤Xn
kzbw \n¿an-°p-Itbm as‰m-cmƒ \n¿an-®Xv kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm sNøm≥
Ignbpw. Cu taJ-eI - f- n¬ a\p-jy≥, CX-c- h-kvXp-°s - f-t∏mse Hcp \n›nX
\nb-a-hy-h-ÿ°v hnt[-b-\√. Bibw, A`n-{]mbw, I¿aw F∂n-h-bn¬
Ah∂v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-∂p≈ kzmX-{¥y-ap≠v. H∂m-asØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬
Ah≥ CXc krjvSn--Pm-eß - s - f-t∏mse P≥a\m "apkvenw' BsW-¶n¬ c≠m-
a-sØ-Xn¬ "apkvenw' BIepw BIm-Xn-cn-°epw Ahs‚ A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-
bn¬ s]´-XmWv.
Cu A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jys\ c≠v Xc-ambn
Xncn°mw. Hcp a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ {kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs\
kz¥w \mY\pw bP-am-\\pw Bbn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXh - \
- mWv. kzm[n-
Im-c-ap≈ {]iv\-ß-fn¬t]mepw Ah≥ bP-am\ lnXw am\n-°p∂p. Cu
a\p-jy≥ ]q¿W apkven-amWv. Ahs‚ "Ckvemw' ]q¿W-am-bn-°-gn™p.
Ahs‚ PohnXw ASn-apSn "apkvenw'BWv. Adnthm t_m[tam C√msX,
\n¿_-‘n-X\ - mbn Iogvs]-´n-cp∂ AtX \mY∂v Ct∏mƒ Adn-thmSpw t_m[-
tØmSpw IqSn hgn-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-W-h≥. Dt±-iy-c-ln-X-ambn A\p-k-cn-®n-
cp∂ ssZhsØ Ct∏m-gh≥ Dt±-iy-]q¿hw A\p-k-cn-°p∂p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚
⁄m\w bYm¿Y-amWv. ImcWw, Adn-hn\pw ⁄m\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn-\p-ap≈
i‡n- {]-Zm\w sNbvX ssZhsØ Ah≥ Adn™pIgn™p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚
Nn¥bpw A`n-{]m-bhpw icn-bmWv. ImcWw, Nn¥m-i-‡nbpw {Kmly-i-
‡nbpw A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-ti-jnbpw {]Zm-\w-sNbvX ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-
°p-hm≥ Ah≥ kzta-[bm Btem-Nn®p Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ct∏m-gh - s‚
\mhv kXy-amWv ]d-bp-∂Xv. ImcWw, AXn∂v kwkm-c-tijn \evInb
ssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-bmWv AXv samgn-bp-∂Xv. Ahs‚ apgp-h≥ Pohn-X-Ønepw
kXyhpw k≥am¿K-hp-am-Wp-≈Xv. ImcWw, Ah≥ X\n-°[ - n-Im-ca- p-≈X
- nepw
C√m-ØX - nepw ssZhn-I\ - n-ba
- ß- f- m-W\
- p-kc
- n-°p-∂Xv. Ct∏mƒ ka-kvXt- em-
I-tØmSpw Ah≥ _‘w ÿm]n-®p-I-gn™p. ImcWw, {]m]-©nI hkvXp-
°-f-Jn-ehpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ AtX ssZhsØ
Xs∂-bmWv Ah\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv. Ct∏m-
g-h≥ `qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n[n (Jeo^)bmWv. apgp-tem-Ihpw Ah-
t‚Xpw Ah≥ ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xp-amWv.
ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw
C∏-d™ a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\mbn CXm as‰m-cmƒ: Ah≥
apkven-ambn P\n®p; Adnhpw t_m[-hp-an-√msX apkven-am-bn-Øs∂
XpS¿∂p. ]t£, kz¥w _p≤nbpw ⁄m\- h p- a p- ] - t bm- K n®v Ah≥
ssZhsØ Adn-™n√; X\n°v A[n-Im-chpw kzmX-{¥yhpap≈- Im-cy-ß-
fn¬ ssZhsØ A\p- k - c n- ° p- h m≥ Cjv S - s ∏- ´ n√. Ch≥ ssZh- \ n-
tj[n(Im^n¿) BWv. "Ip^v¿' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw "Hfn-∏n-°pI', "ad-
bn-SpI' Fs∂m-s°-bm-Ip∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥ kz¥w {]Ir-Xn-bpsS ta¬
30 CkvemwaXw
Ahn-th-I-am-Ip∂ ad C´n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ahs\ "Im^n¿'
F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. kXy-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI {]Ir-Xn-tbm-sS-bm-W-h≥ P\n-
®Xv. Ahs‚ ico-c-Ønse k¿h-tIm-i-ßfpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-
ans‚ {]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. Ahs‚ Np‰n-ep-ap≈ kakvXtemIhpw Nen-°p-
∂Xv Ckvem-ans‚ {]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. ]t£, Ahs‚ _p≤n-bpsS ta¬ ad
hoWn-cn-°p∂p. ka-kvX-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw Xs‚ Xs∂bpw {]IrXn Ah∂v
A⁄m-Xa - m-bn-t∏m-bn-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m-eh-≥ B {]Ir-Xn-s°-Xn-cmbn Nn¥n-
°p∂p; AXn-s∂-Xn-cmbn Nen-°p-hm≥ ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
\ntj-[-Øns‚ sISp-Xn-Iƒ
ssZh-\n-tj[w Hc-⁄-X-bmWv. F∂√, km£m¬ A⁄X AXv
Xs∂-bmWv. a\p-jy≥ kz¥w {kjvSm-hmb ssZhsØ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°pI
F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ISpØ A⁄X as‰-¥p≠v? {]]-©-am-Ip∂ Cu ]Sp-
Iq-‰≥ b{¥-ime cm∏-I¬ Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcmƒ Im-Wp∂p.
]t£, AXv \n¿an®v \nb-{¥n®v \S-Øp-∂-Xm-sc∂v Ah-∂dn-™p-IqSm!
[mXp-eh - W- ß - fpw cmk-hk - vXp-°fpw tN¿Øv a\p-jy≥ F∂ \nkvXp-ehpw
AZv`p-XI - c- h
- p-amb Hcp krjvSnsb hm¿sØ-SpØ AXn-\n-]p-W\ - mb inev]n
Bcm-sW-∂-h-∂-dn-bn√! Ahs‚ apºn¬ A\ym-Zr-i-amb Bkq-{X-W-Øn-
s‚bpw KWn- X - h n- Z y- b p- s Sbpw ck- X - { ¥- Ø n- s ‚bpw ]cn- ] q¿WX
kv^pcn®p\nev°p∂ sshhn[y kpµ-c-amb \nc-h[n hkvXp°-fp≠v. IWn-
i-amb bp‡nbpw Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ kma¿Yyhpw sXfn-™p-\n-ev°p∂ ]Wn-
Ø-c-ß-fp≠v. F∂n´pw Ah-\-dn-bp-∂n√, Chbv°p ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂
k¿h-⁄\pw k¿hi-‡\pw ka¿Y\pw bp‡n-am-\p-amb i‡n-tb-sX∂v!
Adn-hns‚ Cu BZym-£-cw-t]mepw kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bn-´n-√mØ CØcw Hcp
hy‡n°v bYm¿Y ⁄m\-Øns‚ IhmSw Xpd-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-ßs\? Cu
a´n-ep-s≈m-cmƒ, F{X KmV-am-bm-tem-Nn-®mepw F{X Xe-]p-I-™m-tem-Nn-
®mepw ⁄m\-Øns‚ EPphpw ktµ-l-c-ln-X-hp-amb Dd® am¿Kw Hcp
cwKØpw Is≠-Øp-Ib - n√. ImcWw, XpS-°Ø - n¬ Xs∂ A⁄-Xb - m-Ip∂
A‘-Im-c-am-W-bmƒ ImWpI. HSp-°hpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√.
ssZh-\n-tj[w(Ip^v¿) Hcp A{I-aa - mWv. F∂√, G‰hpw henb A{Iaw
Ip^vdmWv. A{Iaw F∂m-se-s¥∂v \ap-°-dnbmw. Hcp hkvXpsh kz¥w
{]Ir-Xn°pw kz`m-h-Øn\pw hncp-≤-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-XmWv A{Iaw.
{]m]-©nI hkvXp°-f-Jn-ehpw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-I-fm-
sW∂pw Ah-bpsS {]IrXn Xs∂ "Ckvemw' BsW∂pw apºp ]d-™p-
ht√m. a\p-jy-i-co-chpw AXnse k¿hmw-K-ßfpw CtX {]Ir-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-
®mWv Nen-°p-∂Xv. Ah-bv°p-ta¬ B[n-]Xyw ]pe¿Øm-\p≈ ]cn-an-X-
amb kzmX{¥yw ssZhw a\p-jy∂v \evIn-bn-´p-s≠-∂Xv icn-bmWv. ]t£,
Ah ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\m-Øp-]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-∂-XmWv Ah-bpsS {]IrXn
Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. ]t£, Hcp \ntj[n, Ah kz¥w {]Ir-Xn-s°-Xn-cm-bm-
Wp-]t- bm-Kn-°pI. Ah≥ kzin-c v A\y-cpsS apºn¬ Ip\n-°p∂p. bYm¿Y-
Øn-eXv ssZh-Øns‚ Zmk-\mWv. A\y-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\lm-Z-c-hp-I-fm-Ip∂
hn{K-l-ßsf Ah≥ kza-\- n¬ {]Xn-jvTn-°p∂p. {]IrXym ssZh-tØm-
Sp≈ `b-`-‡n-_-lp-am-\-߃ am{Xw \nd-™p- \nevt°-≠-XmWm a\- v.
Ckvemw 31
kz¥w Ah-b-h-ßfpw kz¥w \n-b-{¥-W-Øn-ep≈ a‰p hkvXp°-sfbpw
Ah≥ ssZth-O-s°-Xn-cmbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. kXy-Øn¬ Ah-bpsS
{]IrXn B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv Ah ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-S-
W-sa-∂mWv. Cu a\p-jy≥ k¿h-h-kvXp-°-tfmSpw A{Iaw ImWn-°p-I-
bmWv. kz¥w AkvXn-Xz-tØmSp t]mepw. Cbm-sf-°mƒ henb as‰m-c-{I-
an-bmcv?
ssZh-\n-tj[w A{Iaw am{X-a√, [n°m-chpw IqSn-bmWv. cmPy-t{Zm-lhpw
\µn-tI-Sp-am-WXv. Btem-Nn®p t\m°pI: a\p-jys‚ hiw kz¥-ambn F¥m-
Wp-≈Xv? Ahs‚ akvXnjvIw krjvSn-®-Xm-cmWv? Aht\m AtXm,
ssZhtam? lrZbw, t\{Xw, \mhv XpS-ßnb Ah-b-h-߃ BcpsS krjvSn-
bmWv? Ahs‚ Xs∂tbm AtXm ssZh-Øn-s‚tXm? a\p-jys‚ Np‰nepw
AkwJyw hkvXp-°ƒ! B hkvXp-°ƒ Ahs‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn\v ]mI-
Øn¬! Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\p≈ i‡nbpw bp‡n-bp-ap≠v a\p-jy∂v!
CsXms° krjvSn-s®m-cp-°n-bXv a\p-jy≥ Xs∂tbm AtXm ssZhtam?
kIe hkvXp-°fpw ssZh-Øn-s‚-XmWv; Ah-\m-W-h-bpsS {kjvSmhv;
Ah≥ am{X-am-W-h-bpsS DSa; Ah≥ \evIn-b-Xp-sIm≠v am{X-amWv Ah
a\p-jy∂v e`n-®Xv ˛ CsX√mw Bcpw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ kXy-ß-fmWv. kXyw
CXm-sW-¶n¬, ssZhw \evInb akvXnjvIw D]-tbm-Kn®v ssZh-Øn-s∂-Xn-
cn¬ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xpw ssZhw \evInb lrZ-b-Øn¬ ssZh-hn-cp-≤m-i-b-߃
]pe¿Øp-∂Xpw ssZh-ac - p-fnb ]t©-{µn-bß
- ƒ ssZhm-`o-jvSØ
- n-s\-Xn-cmbn
D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xpw [n°m-chpw \µn-tISpw ssZ-h-t{Zm-l-hp-a-s√-¶n¬ as‰-
¥mWv? Hcp `rXy≥ bP-am-\s‚ tNmdpw Xn∂v Abm-tfmSv [n°mcw ImWn-
®m¬ \ma-hs\ \µn-sI-´-h-s\∂v hnfn°pw. Hcp-tZym-K-ÿ≥ kz¥w A[n-
Im-c-߃ `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s∂-Xnsc D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-]£w \ma-hs\ cmPy-
t{Zmln F∂p hnfn°pw. Hcmƒ X\n-°p-]-Imcw sNbvX-hs\ h©n-°p∂
]£w \ma-hs\ \µn-bn-√m-Ø-h-s\∂pw h©-I-s\∂pw hnfn°pw.
F∂m¬, a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-t\mSv \µn-tISpw h©-\bpw [n°m-chpw
sNøpI F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ F¥¿Y-am-Wp-≈Xv? Hcp a\p-jy∂v Blmcw
\evIm≥ as‰mcp a\p-jy∂v Ign-bp-∂-sX-ßs\? bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Blmcw
\evIp-∂Xv ssZh-at√? DtZym-Kÿ - c
- psS A[n-Im-cß
- ƒ FhnsS\n∂v h∂p?
B[n-]-Xyhpw A[n-Im-chpw \evIp-∂Xv ssZh-at√? Hcmƒ A]-c∂v \≥a
sNøp-∂-sX-ßs\? F√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-at√? a\p-jys‚ G‰hpw henb IS-
∏mSv kz¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sm-Wt√m. F∂m¬, amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS lrZ-
b-ß-fn¬ k¥m-\-hm-’-ey-ap-≠m-°n-b-Xm-cmWv? amXm-hns‚ ape-∏m¬
BcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? Xm≥ ]Wn-s∏-´p-≠m-°nb kºmZyw, {]tbm-P-\-c-
ln-X-amb Hcp amwk-]nWvUw am{X-amb Xs‚ k¥m-\-Øn\mbn kk-
t¥mjw hybw sNøp-hm-\p≈ a\-ÿnXn ]nXr-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ BcmWv
krjvSn-®Xv? B amwk-]n-WvUsØ Xo‰n-t∏m-‰n-h-f¿Øp-hm\pw Ah∂v
in£W kwkvIc-Wß - ƒ \evIp-hm-\p-ambn kz¥w [\hpw ka-bhpw kpJ-
t`m-K-ßfpw _en-b¿∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ t{]c-I-i‡n ]nXm-°-fn¬ krjvSn-®-
Xm-cmWv? "ssZhw' Ft∂ adp-]-Sn-bp≈q. At∏mƒ a\p-jys‚ km£m¬
KpW-Imw-£nbpw bYm¿Y cmPmhpw ssZh-amWv. k¿thm-]cn Ahs‚ kwc-
£-I\pw. B ssZhsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw Ahs\ ssZh-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-°m-
32 CkvemwaXw
Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ a\p-jy≥ F{X ISpØ [n°m-cnbpw cmPy-t{Zm-ln-
bp-amWv! B ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw Ahs‚ Zmk-\mbn
h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw F¥p-am{Xw h©-\bpw \µn-tI-Sp-amWv!
F∂m¬, ssZh-\n-tj[w ssZh-Øn\v h√ lm\nbpw hcp-Øn-°-f-bp-
sa∂v Icp-X-cpXv. alm-cm-Pm-hmWv ssZhw. Ahs‚ `c-Wm-Xn¿Øn-bpsS
BZnbpw A¥yhpw \ap-°n-Xp-hsc a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n√. AXn-i-
‡-\mWv ssZhw. tImSn-°-W-°mb hm\-tKm-f-ßsf kz¥w B⁄-b-\p-
k-cn®v ]¥p-t]mse Id-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ alm-i-‡n-am≥. {]]-©-Øn-
ep≈ kI-eXpw Ahs‚ kzØmWv. Ah-bpsS Ah-Im-iØ - n¬ as‰m-∂n\pw
Hml-cn-bn√. AXn-_r-lØpw \n o-a-hp-am-WXv. {]]-©-Ønse k¿h- h-
kvXp-°fpw B{i-bn-°p∂ alm-k-{am-´m-W-h≥. Ah∂v a‰m-scbpw B{i-
bn-t°≠ Bh-iy-an√. k¿h{X kzX-{¥-\m-Wh - ≥. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp alm-
cm-Pm-hn\v a\p-jy≥ Ahs\ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-XvsIm≠v h√ em`tam Xnc-kvI-
cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v h√ \jvStam kw`-hn-°ptam? AXn-\p-am{Xw a\p-jym-
kvXn-Xz-Øn\v F¥v ÿm\-am-Wp-≈Xv? a\p-jys‚ IrX-Lv\-Xbpw [n°m-
chpw hgn ssZh-Øn\v bmsXmcp lm\nbpw Gev]n-°pI km[y-a√. adn®v,
AXp-hgn a\p-jy≥ kz¥w \mi-Øn-\p≈ kma-{Kn-Iƒ kzbw Hcp-°pI
am{X-amWv sNøp-∂Xv.
a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw ]cm-Pn-X\pw \jvS-s∏-´-h\pw Bbn-Øo-cpI F∂-
XmWv ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-[n-°m-c-Øn-s‚bpw A\n-hm-cy-^ew.
Ah-s∂m-cn-°epw ⁄m\-Øns‚ t\¿hgn e`n-°n√. kz¥w {kjvSm-hn-
s\-t∏mepw Adn-bm-\p-X-ImØ ⁄m\w as‰¥v Ad-nhmWv t\Sn-s°m-Sp-
°pI? Ahs‚ _p≤n kZm hf-™-h-gnt° Ncn°q. kz¥w {kjvSm-hns\
Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ ]ng-®p-t]mb _p≤n as‰-¥n-emWv t\¿hgn \S-°pI?
Pohn-X-Ønse kIe G¿∏m-Sp-I-fnepw Ah∂v ]nghv ]nW-™p-sIm-≠n-
cn°pw; [m¿an-Ihpw \mK-cn-Ihpw kmwk¿Kn-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmº-
Øn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb taJ-e-I-sf√mw \mtim≥ap-J-am-bn-cn°pw.
temIØh≥ \m-ihpw Ipg-∏hpw ]cØpw; c‡-∏p-g-I-sfm-gp°pw. A\ysc
A{I-an°pw; A]-cs‚ Ah-Im-i-ß-f-]-l-cn°pw. Zpjn® Bi-b-ßfpw
ZpjvsN-bvXn-Ifpw hgn kzPo-hn-XsØ Xs∂ ZpjvI-chpw \c-I-Xp-ey-hp-
am°pw. C\n-bh - ≥ ]mc-{XnI temI-sØ-Øn-bmtem? Ahs‚ A{I-aß - ƒ°n-
c-bmb k¿h- hkvXp-°fpw Ah-s∂-Xn-cn¬ A\ymbw t_m[n-∏n°pw.
Ahs‚ akvXn-jvIhpw lrZ-bhpw IÆp-Ifpw ImXp-Ifpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw
am{X-a-√, Hmtcm tcmahpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Bh-emXn t_m[n-∏n°pw˛
\ns‚ Iev]\ ewLn-°p-Ibpw \ns∂ [n°-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hm≥ Cu
A{Ian Rßsf _em-¬°mcw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v! ssZhsØ
[n°-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ah≥ \S-°p-Ibpw \nh-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX `qanbpw
\nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn Ign® Blm-chpw \njn≤ am¿K-Øn¬ kºm-Zn-°p-Ibpw
sNe-h-gn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX [\hpw A\ym-b-ambn ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn D]-
tbm-Kn® a‰p hkvXp-°fpw ssZh-k∂ - n-[n-bn¬ Ah-s∂-Xnsc ]cmXn ]dbpw.
\oXn-am-\mb ssZhw ]cm-Xn-°m-cpsS k¶-S-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-\mbn Ip‰-hm-fn-
Iƒ°v ITn-\hpw \nµy-hp-amb in£ \evIp-Ibpw sNøpw.
Ckvemw 33
Ckvem-ans‚ kZv^-e-߃
ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øns‚ tZmj-^-e-ß-fmWv CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv. C\n,
Ckvem-an-I-am¿Kw Df-hm-°p∂ kZv^-e-߃ ]cn-tim-[n°mw. {]]-©-Øn-
ep-S-\ofw Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ hym]n-®p-In-S°p--∂p-s≠∂v apºv {K-
ln-®p-ht√m. kp`-{Z-amb Hcp hyh-ÿ-bn¬, kpi-‡-amb \nba-߃°p
Iogn¬ Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ AXn-a-l-Ømb Cu {]]©w \n¿an®v \S-
Øp-∂Xv AP-ø-\mb Hc-[n-]-\m-sW∂pw Ahs‚ B[n-]-Xy-Øn-s∂-Xnsc
Xe-s]m-°m≥ bmsXm-∂n\pw km[y-a-s√∂pw D≈-Xn∂v kIe {]m]-©n-
I-h-kvXp-°-fpw km£yw hln-°p-∂p≠v. {]]-©-Øn-s‚-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂
ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xnbpw. t_m[-]q¿h-a-
√msX Xs∂ Ah≥ kZm ssZhsØ A\p-kc - n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. ImcWw,
ssZh-Øns‚ {]IrXn\nb-a-߃ ewLn®psIm≠v Ah-∂n-hnsS Pohn-®n-cn-
°pI km[y-a√.
ssZhw a\p-jy\v ⁄m\ kºm-Z\ - t- ijn \evIn; Btem-N\m i-‡nbpw
{Kl-Wt- i-jnbpw \evIn; kXym-kXy hnth-N\ - Ø- n-\p≈ Ign-thIn. AtXm-
sSm∏w Ah∂v kzmX-{¥yhpw {]Zm\w sNbvXp. Cu kzmX-{¥y-Zm-\-Øns‚
km£m¬ Dt±iyw a\p-jys\ ]co-£n-°-emWv ˛ Ahs‚ ⁄m\-sØbpw
_p≤n-sbbpw hnth-N-\-i-‡n-sbbpw ]co-£n-°¬. Ah∂v e`n® kzmX-
{¥yw Fßs\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°¬. Cu ]co-£-bn¬
GsX-¶n-ep-samcp am¿Kw Xs∂ kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy≥ \n¿_-‘n-°-
s∏-Sp-∂n√. Aßs\ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ ]£w ]co-£-bpsS Dt±iyw Xs∂
hn^-eam-bn-t∏mIpw. tNmZy-°S- e- mkp sImSpØ tijw Hcp \n›nX DØcw
Xs∂-sb-gp-Xm≥ hnZym¿Yn-Isf \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂-]£w ]ns∂-sb-¥n-\mWv
]co£? GXp-Ø-c-hp-sa-gp-Xm≥ kzmX{¥yw Ds≠-¶nte Ah-cpsS icn-bmb
tbmKyX Is≠-Øm-\mhq. icn-bp-Ø-c-sa-gp-Xp-∂-h¿ hnP-bn°pw. Ah¿°p
apºn¬ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS IhmSw Xpd-∂p-In´pw. sX‰mb DØ-c-sa-gp-Xn-b-h¿
tXmev°pw. kz¥w A{]m-]vXnbpw Atbm-Ky-Xbpw `mhn ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS
]mX Ah¿°p apºn¬ AS-®p-I-fbpw.
Hcp hy‡n Xs‚bpw {]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw {]IrXn Adn-bp-∂n√. kz¥w
{kjvSm-hn-s\bpw Ahs‚ KpW-K-W-ß-sfbpw icn-bmbn a\- n-em-°p-∂n√.
X\n°p e`n® ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX{¥yw Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Abmƒ \nb-
a-ew-L\w \S-Øp-Ibpw [n°mcw ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥
]co-£-bn¬ tXm‰-h-\mWv. ⁄m\w, _p≤n, hnth-N-\-i‡n, I¿Ø-hy-
t_m[w F∂n-hb - nse ]co-£b - n-eb
- mƒ tXm‰-ºn-bn-cn-°p∂p. Xms\mcp Xcw-
XmW a\p-jy-\m-sW∂pw H∂n\pw sIm≈m-Ø-h-\m-sW∂pw kzbw sXfn-
bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬, ta¬sNm∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-Wm-ata Abm-
f¿ln-°p-∂p≈q.
C\n as‰mcp hy‡n ˛ ]co£ Pbn-®-h≥. Abmƒ Xs‚ ⁄m\hpw
_p≤nbpw icn-°p-]-tbm-Kn®v ssZhsØ Adn™p; AwKo-I-cn®p. AXn-∂-
bmƒ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-cp-∂n√. \≥a Xn≥a-Isf th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nghv
]‰msX, Xs‚ kzX-{¥-amb sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-eqsS Abmƒ \≥asb CjvS-
s∏´p. Xn≥a kzoI-cn-°p-hm-\-bmƒ°v kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]t£,
34 CkvemwaXw
sNbvXn√. Abmƒ kz¥w {]IrXn icn°v a\- n-em°n; Xs‚ ssZhsØ
Xncn-®d- n™p. \nbaw ewLn-°m-\b - mƒ°v kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]t£,
ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-am-W-bmƒ sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv. Cu a\p-jy≥ ]-co-£-bn¬
Pbn®p. F¥p-sIm≠v? Abmƒ Xs‚ _p≤n icn-°p-]-tbm-Kn®p; IÆp-
IƒsIm≠v \√-hÆw I≠p; ImXp-IƒsIm≠v \∂mbn tI´p; akvXn-jvIw-
sIm≠v icn-bmb A`n-{]mbw cq]o-I-cn®p; kXyw kzoI-cn-°p-sa∂v a\-
vsIm≠v Xocp-am-\n®p; kXyw Xncn-®-dn-™p-sIm≠v Xm≥ kXy-t_m-[-ap-
≈-h-\m-sW∂v ImWn®p; kXy-Øn\p apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-®p-sIm≠v Xm≥
kXy-Øns‚ tkh-I-\m-sW∂v sXfn-bn®p. Aßs\ Abmƒ ]co£
Pbn®p. CØcw kZvKp-W-ß-fp≈ hy‡n-Iƒ Cl-Ønepw ]c-Ønepw
hnPbw {]m]n-°pI Xs∂-sNøpw ˛ Xo¿®.
Cu a\p-jy≥ PvRm\ I¿a-ß-fpsS GXv taJ-e-bnepw icn-bmb hgn-
bnte k©-cn°q. ImcWw, {kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs‚ KpW-
߃ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hy‡n ⁄m\-Øns‚ BZn-bp-a-¥yhpw
icn°v {Kln- ® - h - \ mWv . AØcw hy‡n°v Hcn- ° epw ]nghv ]‰n√.
AbmfpsS BZy Im¬sh∏v Xs∂ k≥am¿K-Øn-emWv. Xs‚ A¥y
e£ysØ°pdn®pw Dd® t_m[-ap-≠-bmƒ°v. Abmƒ Hcp XØzm-t\z-jn-
sb-t∏mse {]]-©-c-l-ky-ß-f-dn-bm≥ ]cn-{i-an°pw. ]t£, Abmƒ Hc-hn-
izm-kn-sb-t∏mse Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fnepw A\p-am-\-ß-fnepw sN∂p-S-°n√.
Abmƒ {]Ir-Xn-imkv{Xw hgn {]m]-©nI \nb-a-߃ ]-Tn-°m≥ ]cn-{i-
an°pw; {]]-©Ø - n-e¥- ¿`-hn®p InS-°p∂ cl-ky-߃ ]pd-sØ-Sp°pw; a\p-
jy- \ n¬ ssZhw \nt£]n- ® p- s h® i‡nhnti- j - ß ƒ At\z- j n®v
Is≠Øpw; BImi `qan-I-fnse k¿h hkvXp-°fpw Fßs\ bYm-hn[n
D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa∂v I≠p]nSn°pw; F∂m¬, At∏m-sgms° imkv{X-
⁄m-\sØ Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw ssZh-t_m[w Abmsf
XSbpw. ""Rm≥ C°m-Wp∂ hkvXp-°-fp-sS-sb√mw DS-a-bmWv; {]Ir-Xnsb
Rm≥ Iog-S-°n-°-gn™p; Rm≥ {]Ir-Xn-im-kv{XsØ Fs‚ kzm¿Y-Øn-
\mbn btYjvSw D]-tbm-Kn°pw; temIsØ Rm≥ A´n-a-dn°pw; sIm≈bpw
sImebpw c‡-s®m-cn-®nepw hgn Fs‚ A[n-Im-cm-[n-]Xyw Rm≥ temI-
amsI ÿm]n°pw'' F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ sX‰-p[m-c-W-sbm∂pw Abmƒ°p-
≠m-hn√. CXv ssZh-\n-tj-[n-bmb Hcp imkv{X-⁄s‚ am{Xw hoc-hm-Z-ß-
fmWv.* imkv{Xob Kth-jW - ß- f- n¬ ]ptcm-Ka
- n-°p-t¥mdpw apkvenw imkv{X-
⁄s‚ ssZh-hn-izmkw ZrV-X-c-am-bn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn°pw. A{X-bp-a-bmƒ
ssZh-tØmSv \µn-bp-≈h - \
- p-am-bn-cn°pw. kz\m-Y≥ Xs‚ Ignhpw ⁄m\hpw
h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ tXmX-\p-k-cn®v Xm≥ kaq-l-Øns‚ t£ssa-iz-cy-
* Cu Zpxÿn-Xn-bmWv C∂v B[p-\nI a\p-jys\ t\cn-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. tUm. tPmUv ]d-bp∂p:
""imkv{Xw Znhy-k-am-\-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ \ap°v {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. F¶nepw Ah
{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ kvIqƒ Ip´n-I-fp-sSbpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-cp-sSbpw at\m-`m-h-amWv
\mw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂Xv.'' {]apJ Zm¿i-\n-I-\mb _¿{S≠v d ¬ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Iptd-°qSn
sXfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, D]m-[n-Iƒ°p-th≠n a\p-jy-km-a¿Yyhpw e£y-߃°p-th≠n
a\p-jy-hn-UvVn-Øhpw XΩn¬ \S-°p∂ Hcp ]¥-b-Øns‚ \Sp-°mWv \mw C∂p-≈Xv.
hnh-c-t°Spw Imcy-£-a-X-bn-√m-bvabpw sIm≠mWv a\p-jy≥ C∂v hsc AXn-Po-hn-®n-´p-
≈Xv. ⁄m\hpw Imcy-£a - X
- bpw hnUvVn-Øhpw H∂p-tN¿∂-tXmsS `mhn IqSp-X¬ kwi-
bm-kv]-Z-am-bn-cn-°-bmWv. ⁄m\w i‡n-bmWv. \∑-s°-∂-t]mse Xn≥a-°pap≈ i‡n.
⁄m\w IqSp-∂-Xn-∂-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jy\v Xt‚Sw IqSm-Ø-]£w ⁄m\ h¿[\ bYm¿Y-
Ckvemw
߃°mbn ]c-am-h[n ]cn-{i-an-t°-≠-Xp-s≠-∂m-bn-cn°pw Abm-fpsS
hnizmkw. ssZhw X\n°-cp-fnb A\p-{K-l-߃°p≈ \µn-{]-Im-i\w
AsXm∂p am{X-am-sW-∂-bmƒ IcpXpw.
A{]-Imcw Xs∂ Ncn{Xw, kmº-Øn-Ii - mkv{Xw, cmjv{S-ao-amwk, \nbaw
XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ \S-Øp∂ ]T\˛Kth-jW˛ \nco-£-W-ß-fnepw
Hcp apkvenw Hcn-°epw \ntj-[n-bpsS ]nd-In-em-bn-cn-°n√. ]t£, Ccp-h-cp-
sSbpw ho£-W-ß-fn¬ henb A¥cw ImWpw. imkv{X ]T\w \S-Øp∂
apkven-an\v icn-bmb ho£-Whpw ]hn-{X-amb Dt±-iyhpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw.
X≥aqew Abmƒ icn-bmb \nK-a-\-ß-f-nse-Øn-t®-cp∂p; Ncn{Xw ]Tn-°p-
tºmƒ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS `qX-Im-em-\p-`h - ß- f - n¬\n∂v ]mT-apƒs°m-≈p∂p.
P\-k-aq-l-ß-fpsS D∞m\˛]X-\-߃°v tlXp-hmbn h¿Øn® LS-I-
ßfpw Ah-cpsS kwkvImc˛\mK-cn-IX - I
- f- n-e¥- ¿`-hn® Pt\m-]I - m-c{- ]-Za
Imcy-ßfpw Abmƒ NnI-s™-Sp°pw. F∂n´v D¬Ir-jvS-hn-`m-K-ß-fn¬
Is≠-Ønb KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Zpjn® kaq-l-ß-
fpsS XI¿®°v \nZm-\a - m-bn-Øo¿∂ Xn≥a-Isf Xnc-kvIc - n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
kmº-ØnI cwK-Ø-bmƒ GXm\pw hy‡n-Iƒ°v am{Xw em`w t\Sn-s°m-
Sp-°p-Ibpw \nc-h[n t]¿°v \jvSw hcp-Øn-sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hyh-
ÿ-Iƒ°v ]Icw a\p-jy-cm-in-s°m-cp-t]mse KpW-{]-Z-amb [\m-K-a-\-hyb
coXn Bhn-jvI-cn°pw. cmjv{So-b-ta-J-e-bn¬ Abm-fpsS apgp-{i-≤bpw,
temIØv im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw \≥abpw \oXnbpw hnf-bm-Sm-\p-X-Ip∂
`c-Wh - y-hÿ ÿm]n-°p-∂X - n-em-bn-cn°pw. Hcp hy‡ntbm I£ntbm ssZh-
Zm-k≥-amsc kz¥w Zmk≥am-cm°n am‰m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Abmƒ {i≤n°pw. `c-
W-sØbpw AXns‚ apgp-h≥ kzm[o-\-i-‡n-sbbpw ssZh-Øns‚ A\m-a-
Ømbn am{Xta Abmƒ KWn°q. am{X-a√, Ahsb ssZh-Zm-k≥am-cpsS
t£ssaiz-cy-߃°mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ]c-am-h[n ]cn-{i-an-°p-
Ibpw sNøpw. \nbaw ssIIm-cyw-sN-øp-tºmƒ P\-߃°v kºq¿W-
\oXn ssIh-cp-Øe - m-bn-cn°pw Abm-fpsS e£yw ˛ A¿l-cm-bh - ¿°v kz¥w
Ah-Im-i-߃ \oXn-]q¿hw e`y-am-°p-Ibpw Bcpw A\o-Xn°v hnt[-b-cm-
hm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \nb-a-hy-hÿ.
apkven-ans‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬ ssZh-`-‡nbpw kXy-k-‘-Xbpw k≥am¿K
\njvTbpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. k¿h-Øn-s‚bpw DSa ssZh-amWv; Xs‚bpw a‰p-
≈-h-cps-Sbpw ]°-ep-≈-sX√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv; Xm≥ bmsXm-∂n-s‚bpw
DS-a-b√˛ kzi-co-c-Øns‚ t]mepw. kI-eXpw ssZh-Øns‚ A\m-a-ØmWv;
Ah ssIImcyw sNøm≥ X\n°v \evI-s∏´ A[n-Imc kzmX-{¥y-ßsf
Xm≥ ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv am{Xw ssIImcyw sNtø-≠-Xp≠v; Hcp-\mƒ
Cu A\m-aØv ssZhw Xncn-®p-hmßpw; A∂v Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-s‚bpw
IW°v Xm≥ t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠n-hcpw ˛ Cu t_m[w Hmtcm apkven-an-s‚bpw
Øn¬ k¥m-]-h¿[-\-bm-bn-cn°pw.'' (Impact of Science on Society pp. 120-121)
as‰mcp {]apJ Nn¥-I≥ Cu hntcm-[m-`m-ksØ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI: ""hmbp-hn¬ ]d-h-
I-sf-t∏mse ]d-°m\pw shf-f-Øn¬ a’y-sØ-t∏mse \o¥m\pw \mw ]Tn-®n-cn-°p∂p.
`qan-bn¬ a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse Pohn-°m≥ am{Xw \ap-°d- n-™p-IqSm.'' (Quoted by Joad in 'Counter
Attack From the East' p. 28)
35 36 CkvemwaXw
a\- n¬ kPo-h-am-bn-cn°pw.
Cu t_m[-tØmsS PohnXw \bn-°p∂ a\p-jys‚ kz`mh KpW-߃
F¥p-am{Xw D¬Ir-jvSa - m-bn-cn°pw! Abm-fpsS a\ v Zp¿hn-Nm-cß - f - n¬\n∂v
ap‡-am-bn-cn°pw; ZpjvNn-¥-Iƒ Abm-fpsS akvXn-jvI-Øn-\-\y-am-bn-cn°pw;
Xs‚ IÆp-Isf Xn≥a-I-fn¬\n-∂-bmƒ Xncn-®p-I-fbpw; kt`y-X-c-am-b-h-
bn¬\n∂v ImXp-If - S- °pw. Abm-fpsS \mhv AkXyw Dcn-bm-Sp-Ib - n√. kz¥w
Bam-i-b-Øn¬ \njn-≤-amb `£Ww \nd-bv°p-∂-Xnepw Abmƒ-°njvSw
hni-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw. Abm-fpsS Ic-߃, \ymb-an-√msX, A\y¿°v
t\sc Db-cp-I-bn√; Imep-Iƒ sX‰mb hgn-bn¬ Ncn-°p-Ibpan√; kz¥w
inc- ns\, AXv tOZn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v h∂m¬t]mepw, A\y-cpsS apºn-e-
bmƒ Ip\n-°p-I-bn√. Xs‚ bmsXm-cm-ibpw Bh-iyhpw A{I-ahpw A\o-
- mb Xnbpw hgn ]q¿Øo-Ic - n-°p-Ib - n√. \≥a-bp-sSbpw t{ijvTX - b
- p-sSbpw aq¿Øn-
bm-bn-cn-°p-a-bmƒ. Abmƒ°v kXyw, k¿h-Ønepw hne-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cn°pw.
AXn-∂p-th≠n Xs‚ apgp-h≥ Bi-I-fp-a-bmƒ _en-b¿∏n°pw. kIe em`-
ßfpw ]cn-Xy-Pn°pw ˛ kztZ-l-sØ-t∏mepw! h√ em`hpw {]Xo-£nt®m
\jvSw `bt∂m Ak-Xy-hp-ambn Atijw Abmƒ kl-I-cn-°p-I-bn√.
hnPbw AØ-c-°m¿°v am{Xw A¿l-X-s∏-´-XmWv.
Cu a\p-jys\-°mƒ t{ijvT\pw am\y-\p-amb as‰m-cmƒ D≠m-hn√.
Imc-W-ap≠v. Abm-fpsS inc v ssZh-Øn-s‚-b-√msX a‰m-cpsS apºnepw
Ip\n-bp-∂n√. Abm-fpsS ssIIƒ ssZth-X-c≥am-cpsS apºn-te°v \ofp-
∂n√. At∏mƒ ]ns∂, Abmsf lo\Xzw _m[n-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? Cu a\p-
jy-s\-°mƒ i‡-\mb as‰m-cmfpw D≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ°v ssZh-
sØ-sbm-gn®v a‰m-scbpw `b-an√. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂-√msX A\p-{K-ltam
HuZm-cytam Abm-fm-in-°p-∂n√. Cu a´n-ep≈ Hcmsf kXy-Øn¬ \n∂v
hyXn-N-en-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ i‡n-tb-Xp≠v? Abm-fpsS hnizmkw hne-
°p-hm-ßm≥ GXv kº-Øn-\mWv km[y-am-hpI.
Cu hnizm-kn-sb-°mƒ sFiz-cy-hm-\mbn as‰m-cmfpw `qap-JØ - p-≠m-hn√.
ImcWw, Abmƒ BUw-_-c-{]n-b-\√; tZtl-O-I-fpsS ASn-a-b√. Zpcbpw
AXym¿Øn-bp-ap-≈h - \ - √; \ymbhpw \nb-ah - n-t[-bh
- p-amb A[zm-\^ - e- Ø
- n¬
kwXr-]vX-\m-W-bmƒ. \njn-≤-am¿K-Ønepw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambpw kzcq-]n®
kº-Øn-t\mSv \nµbpw shdp∏pw am{Xta Abmƒ°p-≠mIq. Abm-fXv Ah-
⁄m-]q¿hw Xnc-kvI-cn°pw. a\x-im-¥nbpw kwXr-]vXn-bp-am-Ip∂ kº-Øn-
s\-°mƒ Aaq-ey-amb as‰¥v kzØmWv a\p-jy\v e`n-°m-\p-≈Xv?
Cu a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ DØ-a-\mb Hcp kplrtØm Iq´p-Im-ct\m D≠m-
hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ F√m-hc - p-sSbpw Ah-Imiw hI-sh®p sImSp-°p∂p;
Bcp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw A]-l-cn-°p-∂n√. k¿h-P-\-ß-tfmSpw \≥a-sN-
øp∂p. BtcmSpw Xn≥a-sN-øp-∂n√. k¿h-P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw t£ssa-iz-
cy߃°mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, AXn\v bmsXmcp {]Xn-^e-hp-
am-{K-ln-°p-∂n√. P\-lr-Z-b-߃ kzbw Abm-fn-te-°m-I¿jn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.
Abmsf kvt\ln-°p-hm\pw _lp-am-\n-°p-hm\pw kI-ecpw \n¿_-‘n-X-
cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
Cu a\p-jys\-°mƒ k¿h-k-Ω-X\pw hniz-kvX-\p-ambn as‰m-cp-Ø-\p-
≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ hnizm-k-h-©\ sNøp-I-bn√; kXyw apdp-sI-
Ckvemw 37
∏n-Sn°pw; hmKvZØw ]men°pw; F¥n\pw tbmKy-\m-bn-cn°pw; a‰p-≈-h¿
Xs∂ I≠m-ep-an-s√-¶nepw ssZhw ImWp-∂p-s≠∂ t_m[-Øm-e-bmƒ
k¿h-cw-KØpw kXy-k-‘X ]pe¿Øpw. Cu a´n-ep≈ Hcmsf BcmWv
hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI? Hcp apkven-ans‚ kz`m-h-N-cy-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂-]£w
Abmƒ \oN\pw lo\\pw ]cm-Pn-X\pw A\y¿°-[o-\\pw Bbn-cn-°pI
Hcn-°epw km[y-a-s√∂v hy‡-amIpw. Abm-sf-t∏mgpw tPXmhpw A[n-Im-
cnbpw D∂-X\pw Xs∂ Bbn-cn°pw. ImcWw, Ah-\n-ep-f-hm-°p∂ t{ijvT-
Kp-W-ßsf AXn-P-bn-°p-hm≥ Hcp i‡n°pw km[y-am-hn√.
Cßs\, Cu temIØv am\y-X-tbmSpw t{ijvT-Kp-W-ß-tfmSpw IqSn
PohnXw \bn-®-tijw Ah≥ kz\m-Y-\mb {]]© {kjvSm-hns‚ Xncp-k-
∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-hp∂p. At∏mƒ ssZhw Xs‚ kvt\lm-\p-{K-l-ßfpw
Icp-Wm-I-Sm-£-ßfpw Ahs‚ ta¬ h¿jn--°p∂p. ImcWw, ssZhw Ah-
s\-tbev]n® A\m-aØv hcp-Øn-sh® DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃ Abmƒ IrXy-
ambn \nd-th-‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kIe ]co-£-Ifpw \qdp-i-X-am\w
am¿t°msS Abmƒ hnP-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. CXt{X, imiz-X -hn-Pbw. Cl-
temIw sXm´v ]c-temIw hsc XpS¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂, A\-¥-amb, al-Ø-c-
amb hnPbw.
CXm-Wnkvemw ˛ {]IrXn aXw. Cu aXw Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-
tØmtSm cmPy-tØmtSm am{X-ambn _‘-s∏-´-X√. F√m ImeØpw, F√m
cmPyØpw F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fnepw Ign-™p-t]mb ssZh-`-‡cpw kXy-k-
‘-cp-amb F√m k÷-\-ß-fp-sSbpw aX-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. NnecpsS `mj-
bn¬ AXns‚ t]¿ "Ckvemw' F∂m-bn-cp∂ncn°mw. a‰p t]cp-I-fnepw AX-
dn-b-s∏-´n-cn°mw. GXm-bmepw Ah-sc√mw "apkvenw-'Iƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p.
2
hnizm-khpw
A\p-k-c-Whpw
"Ckvemw' F∂Xv temI-\m-Y\- mb ssZhsØ A\p-kc- n-°p-∂X- ns‚ t]cm-
sW∂v Ign™ A[ym-b-Øn¬\n∂v {Kln-®p-ht√m. C\n ]d-bp-∂Xv, A\p-
k-c-W-Øn\v Adn-hn-s‚bpw ZrVhn-izm-k-Øn-s‚bpw Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn-
®mWv. a\p-jy≥ Nne kwK-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bp-Ibpw B Adnhv ZrV-hn-izm-k-
ambn amdp-Ibpw sNømØ Ime-tØmfw Ah∂v ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°pI
km[y-a√. H∂m-a-Xmbn, ssZh-Øns‚ BkvXn-Iy-sØ-°p-dn®v a\p-jy∂v
]q¿W-amb Dd-∏p-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. ssZhw Ds≠-∂p≈ hnizmkw Xs∂ C√m-
Ø-h∂v ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-\m-hn-√t√m. AtXm-sSm∏w ssZhnI kØ-
bpsS KpW-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhpw thWw. ssZhw GI-\m-sW∂pw
Ah∂v Xpey-ambn H∂p-an-s√∂pw Ad-nbmØ Hcmƒ A\y-cpsS apºn¬
Xe-Ip-\n-°p-Ibpw ssI\o-´p-Ibpw sNøpI kzm`m-hnIw. AXp-t]mseØs∂
ssZhw F√mw tIƒ°p-∂-h\pw Adn-bp-∂-h-\p-am-sW∂v Hcmƒ°-dn-bn-s√-
¶n¬ ssZhnI \nb- a - ß ƒ ewLn- ° p- ∂ - X n¬\n∂v kzbw XS- b m≥
Abmƒs°-ßs\ Ignbpw? ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ icn-bmb Adn-
hns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-°p∂ BZ¿i-]-chpw I¿a-]-c-hp-
amb kZv]-Ÿm-hn¬ Ncn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy∂v km[y-am-hn√. Ckvemw hn`m-
h\ sNøp∂ hnin-jvS-Kp-W-߃ Abm-fn¬ Df-hm-Ip-I-bp-an√. F∂m¬,
{]kvXpX Adnhv tIh-e-amb Adnhv am{X-am-bm¬ t]mcm. adn®v, AXn-s∂-
Xn-cmb Nn¥-I-fn¬\n∂v a\ pw AXn∂v hncp-≤-amb I¿a-ß-fn¬\n∂v
Pohn-Xhpw ap‡-am-I-Ø-°-hÆw AXv Dd-®-hn-izm-k-ambn amdWw.
]n∂oSv, ssZhm-`o-jvS-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ am¿K-ta-sX-
∂-dn-bWw. ssZh-Øns‚ lnXm-ln-X-ß-f-dn-bWw. ssZhw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw
shdp-°p-∂-Xp-sa-s¥m-s°-sb∂v a\- n-em-°Ww. Cu Adnhv, ssZhnI
\nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]q¿W-⁄m-\-Øn¬\nt∂ e`n°q. B hyh-
ÿ-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-t‚Xv Xs∂-bm-sW∂pw Ah ]n¥p-Sc - p-∂X
- n-eqsS am{Xta
ssZh-{]oXn e`n°q F∂pap≈ ZrV-hn-izm-khpw thWw. ImcWw, ssZhn-
I-\n-b-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A⁄-\mb Hcmƒ GXv \nb-a-ß-fmW-\p-k-cn-°pI?
C\n, Adn-hp-s≠-¶n¬Øs∂ ZrV-hn-izm-k-an-s√-¶ntem? As√-¶n¬,
hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw 39
ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-k-vY-I-sf-t∏mse a‰p -\n-b-a-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw icn-bm-bn-
cn-°m-sa-∂-h≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶ntem? Hcn-°-ep-a-h∂v ssZhnI \nb-a-
hy-h-ÿsb IrXy-amtbm ]q¿W-amtbm A\p-k-cn-°m-\m-hn√.
Cu Adn-hn\pw ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn\pw tijw th≠Xv ssZh-[n-°m-c-
Øns‚ `hn-jy-Øn-s\-°p-dn®pw ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ kZv^-e-sØ-°p-
dn®pap≈ Adn-hmWv. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-sØ-bpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-
cm-Ip-∂-Xn-s\bpw Ipdn®pw Ahn-SsØ c£m in£-Isf∏‰nbpw ]q¿W-amb
Adnhpw AXn-¬ Dd® hnizm-khpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]c-temI Pohn-
XsØ°p-dn®v A⁄-\mb Hcmƒ A\p-kc - W
- Ø
- n-s‚bpw [n°m-cØ- n-s‚bpw
^e-Øn¬ F¥v hyXym-k-amWv ImWpI? A\p-k-cn-®-h\pw [n°-cn-®-h\pw
Ahs‚ IÆn¬ kaw. Ccp-hcpw \in®v aÆm-bn-t∏m-hp-Ib - mWv. F∂n-cns°,
ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ \n_-‘-\-Ifpw AXp hcp-Øn-sh-°p∂ {]bm-k-
ßfpw kln-°m≥ Abmƒ Xøm-dm-Iptam? Cl-tem-IØv IjvS-\-jvS-߃
G‰p-hm-ßn-s°m≠v Abmƒ ]m]-ßfpw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßfpw shSn-bp-sa∂v {]Xo-
£n-°mtam? Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ a\p-jy≥ ssZhnI \nb-a-ß-tfmSv Iqdp-≈-
h-\m-hp-I-bn√. C\n-sbm-cmƒ°v ]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn®pw ssZh-Øns‚ tImS-
Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw Adn-hp≠v. ]t£, Ah-bn¬ ZrV-hn-izm-k-an-s√-¶ntem?
ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d-®p-\n-ev°m-\m-hn√. kwi-bhpw ktµlhpw
a\p-jys\ H∂nepw Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øp-I-bn√. Hcp {]hrØn ^e-{]-Z-sa-∂p-d-
∏p-s≠-¶nte \nß-fXv a\- n-cpØn sNøp-I-bp-ffq. AXp-t]mse tZmj-I-
c-am-sW∂ ZrV-hn-izm-k-ap-s≠-¶nte \n߃°Xv kzta-[bm h¿Pn-°m-
\mhq. AXn-\m¬, Hcp am¿Kw Ah-ew-_n-°p-hm≥ AX-h-ew-_n-®m-ep-≠m-
Ip∂ ]cn-Wm-a-sØbpw A¥y-^-e-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ Adnhv Hgn-®p-IqSm-
Ø-XmWv. B Adnhv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ambn cq]m-¥cw {]m]n-°p-Ibpw thWw.
"hnizmk'Øns‚ A¿Yw
"Adnhv', "ZrV-hn-izmkw' F∂o ]Z-ß-fpsS Ad_n i_vZ-as{X
"Cuam≥' (hnizmkw). icn-bmbn Adn-bp-Ibpw t_m[-]q¿hw AwKo-I-cn-
°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂mWv "Cuam≥' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]q¿W-amb A¿Yw.
Aßs\ sNøp-∂-hs\ "apA-van≥' F∂pw ]d-bp∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ GI-
Xbpw Ahs‚ kØm-Kp-W-ßfpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿbpw c£m-in-£-Ifpw
Adn™v Ah-bn¬ ZrV-ambn hnizkn-°p-∂-h\mWv apA-van≥ (hnizmkn).
a\p-jy≥ "apkvenw'* Bbn-Øo-cpI F∂-XmWv "Cuams‚' ^ew.
"Cuam≥' C√msX B¿°pw apkven-am-hpI km[y-as√∂v Cu hni-Zo-
I-cWw hy‡-am-°p∂p. kky-߃°v Ah-bpsS hnØp-am-bp≈ _‘-amWv
Cuam∂v Ckvem-ap-am-bp-≈Xv. hnØn-√msX kky-ap-≠m-Im-Ø-Xp-t]mse
Cuam-\n-√msX Ckvem-ap-an√. ]mInb hnØv, aÆns‚ ]pjvSn-°p-dthm Imem-
h-ÿ-bpsS {]mXn-Iq-eytam aqew, \∂mbn hf¿∂n-s√∂p hcmw. AXp-
t]mse Cuams‚ _e-lo-\-Xtbm in£W˛]cn-io-e-\-ß-fpsS t]mcm-
bvatbm Iq´p-sI-´p-I-fpsS Zpxkzm-[o-\tam aqew Hcmƒ ]q¿W\pw ]Iz-\p-
amb apkvenw BIm-sX-bp-an-cn°mw.
* ssZhsØ am{Xw A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h≥.
40 CkvemwaXw
Cuam-s‚bpw Ckvem-an-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jysc \membn
Xcw Xncn°mw:
1. ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw B hnizm-kØ - m¬ {]tNm-Zn-Xc - mbn ssZh-
I-ev]-\-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambn inc-km-h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿. ssZhw shdp-
°p-∂- Im-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v Ah¿ A·n-bn¬ \ns∂-∂-t]mse hn´p-\nev°pw.
ssZh- a n- j v S - s ∏- S p∂ Imcy- ß ƒ°mbn, [\- k - º m- Z - \ m¿Yw kmthiw
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂-t]mse A[zm-\n°pw. Ch-ct{X km£m¬ apkvenw-Iƒ.
2. hnizm-kn-Is - f-¶nepw, ssZh-Øn\v kºq¿W-ambn ka¿∏n-°m≥ kzbw
t{]cn-∏n-°m≥ am{Xw hnizm-k-Øn\v i‡n-bn-√m-Ø-h¿. Ch-cpsS ]Zhn
Aev]w Xmsg-bm-sW-¶nepw apkvenw-IƒXs∂. Ch¿ \nb-ae - w-LI- cpw AXn-
∂p≈ in£°v A¿l-cp-amWv. ]t£, Ah-cpsS ÿnXn cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fp-
tStXm [n°m-cn-I-fp-tStXm A√; shdpw Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fp-tSXv am{X-amWv.
ImcWw, Ah¿ cmPm-hns\ kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw cmP-\n-b-a-ßsf \nb-a-ambn
AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p≠v.
3. hnizmkw Xosc-bn-s√-¶nepw ]pdta, ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-߃ A\p-k-cn-
°p-∂-h¿. Ch¿ kXy-Øn¬, cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fmWv. Ch-cpsS ]pdw-]q®v
bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ A\p-k-c-W-a√. AXn-\m¬Øs∂, ]cn-K-
Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-a√. cmPm-hns\ cmPm-hmbpw cmP-Io-b -\n-b-a-ßsf
bYm¿Y- \n-b-a-ß-fmbpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-h-sc-t∏m-se-bm-Wn-h¿. ]pdta,
cmP-\n-b-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Ah¿ cmPm-hn\v Iogvs∏-´-hcpw cmP-
Iob \nb-a-ß-tfmSv Iqdp-≈-hcpw BsW∂v ]d-bpI hø. GXp-\n-e°pw
cmPy-t{Zm-ln-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn-em-W-h-cpsS ÿm\w.
4. hnizmkw H´p-an-√m-Ø-tXm-sSm∏w Zp¿am¿Kn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-cn-I-fp-am-b-
h¿. G‰hpw XmW-]-Sn-bn-em-Wn-h¿. ImcWw, Ch¿ [n°m-cn-I-fpw cmPy-
t{Zm-ln-I-fp-am-b-tXm-sSm∏w Zp¿hr-Øcpw \mi-Im-cn-I-fpw-Iq-Sn-bmWv.
Cu hn`-P-\-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-Ip∂p ˛ a\p-jys‚ hnP-
b-ku-`m-Ky-߃ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv Cuams\ B{i-bn-®mWv; Ckvemw˛ AXv
]q¿Wtam A]q¿Wtam BIs´˛ Cuam-\m-Ip∂ hnØn¬\nt∂ apf-®p-
hcq. Cuam≥ C√m-Øn-SØv Ckvemapw D≠m-In√ ˛ ]Icw "Ip^v¿' BWp-
≠m-hpI. AXns‚ as‰mcp t]cmWv "_Km-hØv'. cmPy-t{Zmlw, [n°mcw,
\nb-a-ew-L\w Fs∂m-s°-bm-W-Xn-∂¿Yw. AXp Nne-t∏mƒ Kpcp-X-c-amIpw
˛ a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ \n m-chpw. AXv am{X-amWv hyXymkw.
⁄m\-e-_v[n-bpsS am¿K-߃
A\p-k-c-W-Øn\v hnizmkw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. hnizm-k-Øn\v
⁄m\hpw ˛ ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ß-sfbpw ssZhnI hyh-ÿ-sbbpw ]c-temI
Pohn-X-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ ⁄m\w; ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂
bYm¿Y ⁄m\w. Cu ⁄m\w Fhn-sS-\n∂v, Fßs\ e`n°pw? CXmWv
ASpØ N¿®m-hn-jbw.
AXn-a-l-Ømb Cu {]]©w Hcp {kjvSm-hns‚ krjvSn-bmWv; Ah≥
Xs∂- b mWv AXv \nb- { ¥n®v \S- Ø p- ∂ Xv . Cu kXy- Ø n\v km£n
\nev°p∂ ssZhnI ZrjvSm-¥-߃ Cu {]]-©-Øn-seßpw hym]n®p InS-
hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw 41
∏p≠v. - C°m-cy-ß-sf√mw apºv hnh-cn-®p-ht√m. {]kvXpX ZrjvSm-¥-ß-
fn¬ k¿h ssZhnI KpW-ßfpw {]I-S-ambn ImWmw. bp‡n, i‡n,
ss\]pWyw, ⁄m\w, ImcpWyw, kpc£, k¿hm-[n-]Xyw XpSßn F√mw.
F∂m¬, CuZri Imcy-߃ ho£n®v {Kln-°p-∂-Xn¬ a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v
Gsd-°psd ]nghv ]‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p. {]kvXpX ZrjvSm-¥-ß-sf√mw apºn-ep-
≠m-bn´pw Nne¿ ssZhw c≠p-s≠∂pw a‰p Nne¿ aq∂p-s≠∂pw thsd
Nne¿ \nc-h[ - n-bp-s≠∂pw hmZn®pIf™p. \mem-as - Xmcp Iq´¿ Znhy-XzsØ
]e-Xmbn `mKn®p. ag-s°mcp ssZhw, Im‰n\v Hcp -ssZhw, AKv\n-s°mcp
ssZhw F∂n-ßs\. {]kvXpX ssZh-߃s°√mw t\Xm-hmbn Hcp henb
ssZhhpw. Cu hn[w ssZh-sØbpw Ahs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw {Kln-°p-∂-
Xn¬ a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v ]nghv ]‰n-t∏m-bn-´p≠v. Ah-sb√mw khn-kvXcw {]Xn-
]m-Zn-°m≥ ChnsS kµ¿`-an√.
ac-Wm-\-¥-c -Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn® ImgvN-∏m-Snepw P\-߃°v sX‰p-]‰n.
ac-W-tØmsS a\p-jy≥ aÆm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p; ]ns∂ as‰mcp Pohn-X-ta-bn√
˛ Nne¿ hmZn®p. a\p- j y≥ Xs‚ I¿a- ^ - e - ß ƒ A\p- ` - h n- ° m- \ mbn
]p\¿P≥a-sa-SpØv Cu temI-tØ°v Xs∂ ho≠pw ho≠pw Xncn-®p-h-cp-
∂p-sh-∂mWv a‰p Nne-cpsS hmZw.
ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb \nb-a-߃ a\p-jy\v
kz¥w bp‡n-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v \n¿an-°mtam? hfsc ZpjvI-c-amb Hcp tPmen-
bm-WXv. a\pjy_p≤n Xo¿Øpw Ip‰-a-‰Xpw Ahs‚ ssh⁄m-\nI kn≤n
A]m-chpw BsW∂v k¶-ev]n-°pI. AXp-]-tbm-Kn®v \nc-h[n kwh-’-
c-ß-fnse ]co-£-W-\n-co-£-W-߃°p tijw XZzn-j-b-Øn¬ GXm-s≠m-
c-`n-{]mbw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ Ah∂v Ign-t™°pw. F∂m¬, At∏mgpw Xm≥
]q¿W-ambpw kXyw Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™-psh∂v Dd-∏n-°m≥ Ah-∂m-hn√.
bmsXm-cp -am¿K-Z¿i-\hpw \evImsX a\p-jys\ kzX-{¥-\mbn hn´-tijw
Ah-t\mSv kz¥w _p≤nbpw Ign-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v kXyw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\m-
h-iy-s∏-SpI, I≠p ]nSn-®-hsc tPXm-°-fmbpw A√m-Ø-hsc tXm‰-h-cmbpw
KWn-°pI ˛ CXmWv a\p-jy-_p-≤-n-bpsS ta¬ \S-Ømhp∂ kºq¿W
]co£. F∂m¬, Icp-Wm-a-b-\m-b -ssZhw kzZm-k≥amsc AØcw AXn-
I-Tn-\-amb Hcp ]co-£°v hnt[-b-\m-°p-∂n√. adn®v, Xs‚ Imcp-Wym-Xn-tc-
I-Øm¬, Ah≥, a\p-jy-cn¬\n-s∂mcp hn`m-KsØ {]tXyIw sXc-s™-
SpØv Xs‚ KpW-ßsf kw_-‘n® icn-bmb ⁄m\w Ah¿°v \evIn.
Xs‚ lnX-Øn-s\mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ am¿K-ta-sX∂v Ahsc
Adn-bn®p. ]c-temI Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ bYm¿Y hnh-c-߃ Ah¿°p
\evIn. F∂n´v Ah-tcmSv a‰p P\-߃°v Ah FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v
\n¿tZ-in®p. Ah-cmWv ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I≥am¿. Ah¿°v B ⁄m\w
\evInb coXnsb Znhy-t_m-[\w1 F∂v ]d-bp∂p. Ah¿°v \evInb
{KŸsØ ssZh-{KŸw 2 Ft∂m ssZh- h mIyw 3 Ft∂m hnfn- ° p∂p.
CtXmsS, a\p-jy-_p-≤nbpw hnth-Ihpw as‰mcp hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]co-£°v
hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmbn. {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS D¬IrjvS PohnXw I≠pw,
Ah-cpsS DZm-Øa - m-XrI ]Tn®pw a\p-jy¿ At±-lsØ {]hm-NI - \
- mbn hniz-
1. hlvbv 2. InXm-_p-√mln 3. Iem-ap-√mln
42 CkvemwaXw
kn-°p-∂pt≠m Ct√ F∂-XmWm ]co£. Ah≥ kXy-k-‘\pw kXy-
tk-h-I-\p-am-sW-¶n¬ kXy-sØbpw kXyw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-h-sc-bpw
kzoI-cn®v ]co£ Pbn°pw. kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n-e-Xns‚ A¿Yw kz¥w
{Kl-W-tijn Ah≥ ]mgm-°n-°-f-™p-sh∂v am{Xw. B \ntj[w Ahs\
]co-£-bn¬ ]cm-Pn-X-\m-°p∂p. am{X-a√, ssZh-sØbpw ssZhnI \nb-a-
hy-h-ÿ-sbbpw Ipdn-®p≈ bYm¿Y ⁄m\w Ic-K-X-am-°p-hm≥ Hcn-°epw
Ah∂v km[n-®n-s√∂pw hcpw.
AZriy Imcy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
\ap-s°mcp Imcyw Adn-bn-s√-¶n-se-¥mWv sNøpI? Adn-hp-≈h - sc kao-
]n°pw; Ah-cpsS \n¿tZiw kzoI-cn°pw. tcmKw _m[n-®mtem? kzbw NnIn-
’n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw Hcp tUmIvSsd kao-]n°pw. tUmIvS-dpsS tbmKy-
Xbpw {]i-kvXnbpw ]cn-N-bhpw aqew B tUmIvS¿°v \sΩ NnIn-’n-°m-
\p≈ Ign-hp-s≠∂v \mw hniz-kn-°p∂p. B hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-
Øn-emWv Abmƒ Ipdn®pXcp∂ acp∂v Ign-°p-∂Xpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ ]d-
™h h¿Pn-°p-∂Xpw. \nb-a{- ]-iv\ß - f- n¬ D]-tZiw tXSm≥ \msamcp h°o-
ens\ kao-]n-°p-Ibpw Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-
°p-Ibpw sNøpw. hnZym-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ Kpcp-\m-Ys\ hniz-kn-°p∂p;
At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-cp-∂Xv A∏Sn AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. bm{X-bn¬ hgn-b-dn-
bmsX h∂m¬, Adn-hp-≈h - sc \mw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ ImWn®pXcp∂
hgn°v bm{X XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, euInI Imcy-ß-fn¬
Adnhv t\Sp-hm≥ Adn-hp-≈-hsc hniz-kn-°p-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw
\mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv. CXn-∂mWv AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw F∂v
]d-bp-∂Xv.
AZr-iy-Im-cy-ßf
- n¬ hniz-kn-°pI F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw \ap-°d- n-hn-√mØ
Imcy-߃ Adn-hp-≈-h-cn¬\n∂v ]Tn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ Dd®v hniz-kn-°p-
Ibpw sNøpI F∂t{X. {]]-©-\m-Y-\mb ssZh-sØbpw Ahs‚ KpW-
ß-sfbpw Ipdn®v \ap-°d- n-hn√; ssZh-Øns‚ ae-°p-Iƒ ssZh-\n-ba - ß
- ƒ°v
hgn-s∏´v temI Imcy-߃ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂v \ap-°-dn-hn√.
Ah¿ \sΩ hebw sNbvXn-cn-°-bm-sW∂pw \ap-°-dn-™p-IqSm. ssZh-
ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈ kXy-am¿K-ta-sX∂ Imcyhpw \ap-°-
⁄m-X-amWv. ]c-temI Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®pw \ap°v th≠{X ⁄m\-an√.
AXn-\m¬, {]kvXpX kwK-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bp∂ Hcmsf I≠p]nSn-t°-≠Xv
Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂p. Hcm-fpsS k≥am¿K-\n-jvTbpw kXy-k‘ - X- bpw ssZh-
`-‡nbpw PohnX hnip-≤nbpw bp‡n-bp-‡-amb kwkm-chpw I≠v, Abmƒ
]-d-bp-∂Xv kXyhpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \mw
hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-emWv. ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw
ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm\pw AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ Adnhpw
hnizm-khpw Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-XmWv. Cu Adnhv {]hm-N-I≥am-cn¬\nt∂
e`n°q.

3
{]hm-N-IXzw
I gn™ A[ym-b-Øn¬ aq∂v Imcy-ß-fmWv hnh-cn-®Xv: H∂v: ssZhsØ
A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ kØ, KpW-߃, ssZhn-I-am¿Kw,
]c-tem-IØ - nse c£m-in-£I - ƒ F∂nh kw_-‘n®v icn-bmb ⁄m\hpw
AXn¬ hnizm-khpw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. c≠v: {]kvXpX ⁄m\w kz]-cn-{i-
a-Øm¬ kzmb-Ø-am-°pI F∂ ITn\ ]co-£-W-Øn\v ssZhw a\p-jys\
hnt[-b-am-°n-bn-√. adn®v, AXv Znhy-t_m-[\w hgn Nne t{ijvT-hy-‡n-
Iƒ°v ({]hm-N-I≥am¿°v) \evIp-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h¿°Xv FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-
hm≥ {]hm-N-I≥am-tcmSv B⁄m-]n-°p-I-bp-amWv sNbvXXv. aq∂v: P\-ß-
fpsS Npa-Xe B {]hm-N-Is\ Xncn-®-dn-bpI F∂XmWv. IWn-i-amb ]cn-
tim-[-\-Iƒ°ptijw Hcmƒ kXy-k-‘-\mb {]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m-[y-
s∏-´p-I-gn-™m¬ At±-l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±lw ssIs°m≠
am¿Kw sX√pw ]ng-°msX A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-I-bp-amWv th≠Xv.
F∂m¬, {]hm-N-I≥amsc Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm-s\-¥mWv hgn?
{]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw
a\p-jy-∂m-h-iy-ap≈ hkvXp-°-sf√mw ssZh-an-hnsS Hcp-°n-sh-®n-´p-
s≠∂v ImWmw. P\n-°p∂ Hcp Ip™ns\ t\m°q: Fs¥ms° kma-{Kn-
I-fp-am-bmWv Ah\o temI-tØ°v hcp-∂Xv. ImWm≥ IÆv, tIƒ°m≥
ImXv, izk-\-Øn\v aq°v, kv]¿i-\-i-‡n°v N¿aw, \S-°m≥ Imep-Iƒ,
]Wn-sb-Sp-°m≥ ssIIƒ, Nn¥n-°m≥ akvXnjvIw ˛ Aß-s\-sb-s¥√mw!
Ch-sb√mw ap≥Iq´n Xs∂ Ip™ns‚ sIm®p-i-co-c-Øn¬ k÷-am-°-s∏-
´n-cn-°p∂p. Cu temIØv FØn-t®¿∂-tijw Pohn-°m≥ th≠ kma-{Kn-
Ifpw kpk÷w. hmbp, shfn®w, NqSv, sh≈w, `qan F∂n-h°p ]pdta,
amXm-hns‚ amdn-S-Øn¬ ]m¬. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-
sSbpw am{X-a√, A\y-cp-sS-t]mepw kvt\l-hm-’-ey-߃; emf-\-Iƒ.
Aßs\ B Ip™v hf-cp-t¥mdpw Ahs‚ Bh-iy-߃ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-
hm-\p≈ kIe hkvXp-°fpw ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Ah∂v e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p
˛ BImi `qan-I-fnse kIe i‡n-Ifpw Ahs\ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ _≤-
44 CkvemwaXw
{i-≤-cm-b-Xp-t]mse!
am{X-a√, kI-e-hn[ Ign-hp-Ifpw a\p-jy∂v \evI-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Imb-
_ew, _p≤n, {Kl-W-i‡n, kwkmc tijn XpSßn \nc-h[n Ign-hp-Iƒ.
C°m-cy-Øn¬ ssZhw hnkva-bm-h-l-amb Hcp hyhÿ D≠m-°n-bXmbn
ImWmw. Ign-hp-Iƒ F√m-h-cnepw Htc A\p-]m-X-Øn-e√! Bbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬
a\p-jy¿ ]c-kv]cw B{i-bn-°p-Itbm hne-sh-°p-Itbm sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂n√.
a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS s]mXp-hmb Bhiyw ap≥\n¿Øn Ign-hp-I-sf√mw a\p-
jy¿°p-Xs∂ \evInb ssZhw Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \evInb Ign-hns‚
tXmXnepw A\p-]m-X-Ønepw t`Zw Iev]n®p. Nne¿°v Imb-_ew IqSp-
X¬ \evIn-b-t∏mƒ a‰p Nne¿°v Iem-hm-k\bpw sXmgn¬ ss\]p-Wy-hp-
amWv {]Zm\w sNbvXXv. Nne¿°v _p≤n-i‡n IqSp-X¬; a‰p Nne-cn¬
t\XrXz hmk-\bpw. `c-W-ti-jn-bmWv Nne-cn¬ apg-®p-\n-ev°p-∂Xv. Akm-
am-\y-amb hmNm-e-X-bmWv Nne-cpsS khn-ti-j-X-sb-¶n¬ a‰p Nne¿ IrX-
l-kvXc - mb Fgp-Øp-Im-cmWv. KWn-Xi
- m-kv{X-Ønse AXn-Zp-jvIc- a
- mb hnj-
a-{]-iv\-߃°v ]cn-lmcw ImWp-∂-Xn¬ anSp-°-cmWv Nne¿. a‰p Nne¿
imkv{Xob I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-߃sIm≠v temIsØ hnkva-bn-∏n-°p∂p. {]Ir-
Xym-Xs∂ \nb-a-Øn¬ X¬]-c-cmWv Hcp Iq´¿. a‰p-≈-h¿ h¿j-ß-tfmfw
Nn¥n-®n´pw ]nSn-In-´mØ t]mbn‚p-I-fn¬ Ah-cpsS Nn¥ \njv{]-bmkw
sNs∂-Øp∂p. CsX√mw ssZh-Øns‚ al-Ømb bp‡n-bpsS ^e-at{X.
Cu Ign-hp-I-sfm∂pw hy‡n-Iƒ kzbw krjvSn-°p-∂-h-b√. ]cn-io-e-\w-
sIm≠v kzmb-Ø-am-hp-∂-Xp-a√. P≥a-kn-≤am-Wh. ssZhw kz¥w bp-
‡n°pw Dt±-iy-Øn-\p-samØv Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \evIn-bn-´p-≈h.
ssZhw Ign-hp-Iƒ Zm\w sNbvX coXn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Hcp Imcyw -
hy‡-amIpw. kmaqly Pohn-X-Øn¬ IqSp-Xemh-iy-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ IqSp-
X-em-fp-Iƒ°pw Bhiyw Ipd-hp-≈h Ipd™ Bfp-Iƒ°v am{X-ambpw
\evIp-I-bmWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv. tbm≤m-°ƒ, I¿j-I¿, Bim-cn-am¿ XpS-
ßn-b-h¿ [mcmfw P\n-°p∂p. sshPvRm-\nI kn≤n, cmPy-X-{¥-⁄X,
tk\m-\m-b-IXzw XpS-ßn-bhsIm≠-\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-b-h¿ Ipd-hmtb ImWq.
Hcp {]tXyI Ie-bn¬ Akm-[m-cW ss\]p-Wy-ap-≈-h¿ AXnepw Ipd-hm-
bn-cn°pw. ImcWw, AØcw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-
tfmfw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ as‰mcp hnZ-Kv[s‚ Bh-iy-an-√m-Xm-°p∂p.
ChnsS Hcp tNmZy-ap-b-cp∂p. Pohn-X-hn-P-b-Øn\v, Iptd F©n-\o-
b¿amcpw imkv{X-⁄≥amcpw XØz-⁄m-\n-Ifpw \nb-a-]-Sp-°fpw cmjv{S-
ao-amw-k-Icpw sXmgn¬hn-Z-Kv[cpw am{Xw aXntbm? a‰m-h-iy-ß-sfm-∂p-ant√
a\p-jy\v? a\p-jy∂v ssZh-am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Nnecpw
th≠-Xnt√? Cu temIØv Fs¥ms°bps≠∂pw Ah Fßs\ D]-tbm-
K-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\m-fp≠v. F∂m¬, Xm≥ B¿°p-
th-≠n-bmWv? {]m]-©nI hkvXp-°-sf√mw X\n°v \evIn-b-Xm-cmWv? AXv
\evIn-b-hs‚ lnX-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-t°-≠-sX-ßs\? Pohn-X-hn-Pbw Ic-
K-X-am-°m-\p≈ am¿K-taXv? CXymZn Imcy-߃ a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n-°m\pw
tht≠ Bsc-¶nepw? thW-sa-∂-Xn¬ H´pw kwi-b-an√. kXy-Øn¬ Ah-
bmWv F√m-‰nepw {][m\w. \ΩpsS AXn-\n- m-c-amb Bh-iy-߃t]mepw
]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠p∂ kIe G¿∏m-Sp-Ifpw sNbvX ssZhw, kp{]-
{]hm-N-IXzw 45
[m-\-amb Cu Bh-iy-Øn¬ A{i≤ ImWn®p F∂v ]d-™m¬ \ΩpsS
_p≤n AwKo-I-cn-°ptam? C√; ssZhw AXn¬ A{i≤ ImWn-®n-t´-bn√.
sXmgn-ep-I-fnepw Iem-im-kv{X-ß-fnepw hnZ-Kv[sc krjvSn-®-Xp-t]mse,
Xs∂bpw Xs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw Adn-bp∂ \n]p-W≥amscbpw ssZhw
krjvSn-®n-´p≠v. Ah¿°v ssZhw t\cn´v ⁄m\w ]I¿∂p-sIm-SpØp˛ aX-
]-chpw [m¿an-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb ⁄m\w. AXv a‰p P\-߃°v
]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂ alm-tk-h-\-Øn-\mbn Ahsc Npa-X-e-s∏-SpØn
\nb-an®p. Cu alm-flm-°ƒ°mWv {]hm-N-I≥1, ssZh-Zq-X≥2 Fs∂ms°
]d-bp-∂Xv.
{]hm-N-Is\ Fßs\ Xncn-®-dnbmw?
Imhy-{]-Xn-`-bp≈ Hcm-fpsS kwkmcw tI´m¬ AX-bm-fpsS P≥a-kn-
≤-amb Ign-hm-sW∂v a\- n-emIpw. F{X Xs∂ {ian-®mepw Abm-fp-tSXv
t]mep≈ IhnX cNn-°p-hm≥ a‰p-≈-h¿°m-hn√. AXp-t]mse {]kwKw,
FgpØv, imkv{Xob Kth-jWw XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn¬ P≥a-hm-k-\-bp-
≈-hs - cbpw Ah-cpsS {]hr-Øn-If - psS khn-ti-jX - I
- f- n¬\n∂v Xncn-®d- nbmw.
ImcWw, Ah¿ kz¥w tPmen-I-fn¬ A\-\y-km-[m-c-Wamb tbmKyX sXfn-
bn-®n-cn°pw. CXp-t]m-se-bmWv {]hm-NI - \pw. A\y¿°v Duln-°m≥t]mepw
Ign-bmØ Imcy-߃ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ \njv{]-bmkw sXfnbpw.
A\y-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬s]SmØ kq£va-amb kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ ZrjvSn-Iƒ
]Xnbpw. At±lw ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ \ΩpsS _p≤n AwKo-I-cn°pw.
F∂√, AXmWv icn-sb∂v _p≤n km£y-s∏-SpØpw. At±-lØ - ns‚ Hmtcm
hm°n-s‚bpw kXym-hÿ ssZ\w-Zn-\m-\p-`-h-ßfpw {]m]-©nI ZrjvSm-¥-
ßfpw hgn sXfn-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn°pw. F∂m¬, F{X {ian-®mepw AØcw
Hcp hm°p-t]mepw \ap°v ]d-bm-\m-hn√. At±-l-Øns‚ {]IrXn ]cn-ip-
≤-am-bn-cn°pw. X≥aqew kIe G¿∏m-Sp-I-fnepw EPphpw t{ijvThpw kwi-
b-cl
- n-Xh- p-amb am¿K-ßtf ssIs°m≈q. NoØ hmt°m Zpjv{]-hr-Øntbm
At±-l-Øn¬\ns∂m-cn-°epw ]pd-Øp-h-cn√. kXyhpw k¬°¿a-ßfpw a‰p-
≈-h-tcm-Sp-]-tZ-in-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w kzbw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
hm°n-s\-Xn-cmbn {]h¿Øn-®-Xn\v DZm-l-c-W-߃ ImWn√, At±-l-Øns‚
Pohn-X-Øn¬; hm°ntem {]hr-Øn-bntem kzm¿Y-X-bpsS \ng-em-´w-t]mepw
Zriy-am-hn√. A\y-Po-h∂ - p-XI
- p-hm≥ kzPo-hn-XØ - n-et- ±lw IjvS\- j
- vSß - ƒ
kln°pw. am{X-a√, kz¥w KpW-Øn-\mbn A\y¿°v lm\n-h-cp-Øp-I-bp-
an√. kXy-k-‘X, t{ijvT-Nn¥, k≥am¿K-\njvT, ]cn-ip≤n XpS-ßnb
D¬Ir-jvS-Kp-W-߃°v amXr-I-bm-bn-cn-°p-a-t±lw. F{X Xs∂ ]cn-tim-[n-
®mepw At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn-semcp \yq\X I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI Akm-
[y-am-bn-cn°pw. {]hm-N-Is\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-I-fm-
Wnh.
{]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-°¬
Hcp hy‡n {]hm-NI- \
- m-sW∂v t_m[y-am-bn-°g- n-™m¬ At±-lØ
- ns‚
hm°pIƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw {]hr-Øn-Isf Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-
1. {]hm-N-I≥ = \_n 2. ssZh-Zq-X≥ = dkq¬
46 CkvemwaXw
Xm-h-iy-amWv. Hcp hy‡n ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-
Ibpw AtX-k-abw Abm-fpsS hm°pw {]hr-Ønbpw Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøpI F∂Xv bp‡nhncp-≤-at{X. ImcWw, Hcmƒ {]hm-N-I-\mWv F∂v
kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw Abm-fpsS {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v
e`n-®Xpw {]hr-Øn-Iƒ ssZhm-`o-jvSa-\p-k-cn-®p-≈XpamsW∂v \mw kΩ-
Xn-°p∂p F∂mWv. AXn¬]ns∂, At±-lØ - n-s∂-Xn-cn¬ \mw ]d-bp-∂Xpw
{]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-hn-cp-≤-ambn `hn°pw. ssZh-hn-cp-
≤-am-b-sXm∂pw kXy-am-bn-cn-°n√. AXn-\m¬, Hcp hy‡nsb {]hm-N-I-
\mbn kΩ-Xn®p Ign-™m¬]ns∂, At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ A£-cw-
{]Xn kzoI-cn-°p-hm\pw B⁄-Iƒ inc-km-h-ln-°p-hm\pw \mw \n¿_-
‘n-X-cmWv ˛ Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb XØz-ßfpw bp‡n-Ifpw ^e-ßfpw \ap°v
a\- n-em-bmepw Cs√-¶nepw. Hcp- Imcyw {]hm-N-I-s‚-XmWv F∂Xp Xs∂
AXv kXy-am-sW-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hmWv. kIe bp‡n-Ifpw \≥a-I-fpw AXn-
e-¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xm\pw AXp Xs∂ aXn. Hcp Imcy-Øns‚
bp‡ntbm ^etam \ap-°d- n-bm-\m-hp-∂n√ F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw AXv apgps°
tZmj-amWv F∂√. AXv a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ \ap°v ]nghv ]‰n-bn-´p≠v
F∂v am{X-amWv. Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ ]q¿W-ssh-ZKv[yw C√mØ Hcmƒ°v
AXnse AXn-kq-£va-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ {Kln-°m≥ Ign-™p-sIm-≈-W-sa-
∂n-√t√m. F∂m¬, B hnj-b-Øn¬ ]q¿W hnZ-Kv[-\mb Hcmƒ ]d-bp-
∂Xv, X\n-°-Xn-ep≈ bp‡n ]nSn-In-´n-bn√ F∂ GI Imc-W-Øm¬ X≈n-
°-f-bp-∂-h¿ F{X henb hnUvVn-I-fmWv. temI-Ønse kIe tPmen°pw
AXn¬ hnZ-Kv[-cm-b-h¿ thWw. Hcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is≠-Øn-bm¬ ]ns∂
Ah-\n¬ \mw ]q¿W-hn-izmkw A¿∏n-°p∂p. AXn¬]ns∂, a‰mcpw Ah-
s‚- {]-hr-Øn-I-fn-en-S-s]-Sn√. ImcWw, F√m-hcpw F√m-‰nepw Hcp-t]mse
hnZ-Kv[-cm-bn-cn-°n-√t√m. AØ-c-samcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is≠-Øm-\mWv \mw
kz¥w _p≤-nbpw kma¿Yy-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv. Is≠-Ønb hy‡n
hnZ-Kv[-\m-sW∂v t_m[yw h∂pIgn-™m¬ ]ns∂ Abm-fn¬ ]q¿W-ambn
hnizm-k-a¿∏n-°Ww. AXn-∂vtijw Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ ssII-S-Øp-
∂Xpw Hmtcm Imcy-Øn-s‚bpw XØzhpw bp‡nbpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-cm-Ø-]£w
kzoI-cn-°p-Ib - n-s√∂v iTn-°p-∂Xpw _p≤n-b√. Hcp h°o-en\v tIkv Gev]n-
®p-sIm-SpØ tijw At±-l-tØmSv CØcw hmZ-߃ D∂-bn-®m¬ Abmƒ
\nßsf ]nSn®v ]pd-Øm°pw. Hcp tUmIvS-tdmSv NnIn-’-bpsS bp‡nbpw
sXfnhpw tNmZn- ® p- X p- S - ß n- b m¬ Abmƒ \nß- f psS NnIn’Xs∂
ths≠∂p sh°pw. ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v bYm¿Y-⁄m\w Ic-ÿ-am-°p-I-
bmWv \ΩpsS Bhiyw. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°m≥ ]‰nb am¿K-
ta-sX∂pw Adn-bWw. CXv kzbw Adn-bm-\p-X-Ip∂ D]-I-c-W-sam∂pw
\ΩpsS ]°-en√. AXn-\m¬, \mw ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-Is\ Is≠-tØ-
≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Cu At\z-jW - Ø - n¬ \ΩpsS apgp-h≥ Ignhpw kma¿Yyhpw
hn\n-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Cs√-¶n¬, h√ I]-S-s\bpw {]hm-N-I-s\∂v sX‰n-
≤-cn-®p-t]mIpw. B]¬°-c-amb hgn-bn¬ sN∂p-s]-Sp-I-bmhpw AXns‚
^ew. F∂m¬, ka-{K-amb At\z-j-W-]-T-\-߃°p-tijw Hcmƒ kXy-
{]-hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-´p-I-gn-™m¬, At±-l-Øn¬ ]q¿W-ambn
hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ Iev]-\-Iƒ IWn-i-ambn A\p-k-cn-°p-
{]hm-N-IXzw 47
Ibpw sNbvtX ]‰q.
{]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v?
Ckvem-anI Z¿i\w ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I≥am¿
aptJ\ e`n-®-XmWv. CXv {Kln-®m¬ ]ns∂, {]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-
Ibpw At±-lsØ A\p-kc - n-°p-Ibpw A\p-Kan-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv F√m
a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cp∂p. {]hm-N-Is‚ am¿Kw hn´v kz_p-
≤nsb Ah-ew-_-am°n a‰p h√ am¿Khpw \n¿an-°p-∂-h≥ hgn-]n-g-®-h-\m-
sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-ta-Xp-an√.
Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ P\-߃ ckm-h-l-amb ]e A_-≤-ßfpw sNøp-
∂p≠v. Nne¿ {]hm-N-Is‚ kXy-k-‘X kΩ-Xn-°p∂p. ]t£, At±-
lsØ hniz-kn-°p-Itbm A\p-K-an-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n√. Ch¿ \ntj-[n-
Iƒ am{X-a√ hnUvVn-Iƒ IqSn-bmWv. ImcWw, kXy-hm-s\∂v kΩ-Xn-®-
tijw {]hm-N-Is\ A\p-K-an-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw a\p-jy≥ a\x-
]q¿hw hymPw ]n≥]-‰p-∂p-sh-∂mWv. CXn¬]cw hnUvVnØw as‰-¥p≠v?
Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv, X߃°v {]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xn-s√∂pw
kXy-am¿Kw X߃°v kzbw I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂p-amWv. Cu
hmZhpw sX‰mWv. \n߃ KWn-X-imkv{Xw ]Tn-®n-cn-°p-at√m. c≠p _nµp-
°ƒ°n-S-bn¬ t\¿tcJ H∂p-am-{Xta D≠mIq. a‰p- tc-J-Iƒ H∂p-In¬
hf-™tXm As√-¶n¬ _nµp-°sf ]c-kv]cw _‘n-∏n-°m-ØtXm Bbn-
cn°pw. kXy-am¿K-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw CXp-Xs∂. Ckvem-ans‚ `mj-bn¬
AXns\ "kzndm-Øp¬ apkvXJow' F∂p hnfn-°p∂p. AXv a\p-jy-\n¬
\n∂m-cw-`n®v ssZh-Øn-e-h-km-\n-°p∂p. imkv{X-{]-Imcw a\p-jy∂v ssZh-
Øn-te-°p≈ am¿Khpw H∂p-am-{Xta D≠mIq. AsXm-gn-®p-≈h hf-hp-≈tXm
ssZh-k-∂n-[n-hsc FØm-ØtXm Bbn-cn°pw. B t\¿am¿K-amWv {]hm-
N-I≥am¿ ImWn-®p-X-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬, {]hm-N-I≥ ImWn-®p-X∂ am¿Kw
hn´v a‰p am¿K-߃ tXSp-∂-h¿ H∂p-In¬ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-se-Øp-I-bn√,
As√-¶n¬ hf™ hgnt° FØq. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-se-Øm-Xn-cp-∂m¬
Ah≥ \in-®-Xp-Xs∂. hf™ hgn°v hcp-∂-h-cm-Is´ X\n hnUvVn-Ifpw.
hntij _p≤n-bn-√mØ arK-߃t]mepw Hcn-SØ - p-\n∂v as‰m-cn-Ss
- Ø-Øm≥
t\¿h-gntb sXc-s™-Sp°q. hf™ hgn-°h t]mhn√. B \ne°v ssZh-
Øns‚ Hcp- Ø a Zmk≥, t\¿am¿Kw ImWn®psImSp- ° p- t ºmƒ ""\o
ImWn®pXcp∂ am¿K-Øn-eqsS Rm\n√; hf™ am¿K-Øn¬Xs∂ sX≠n-
Øn-cn™v Rm≥ kzbw e£y-Øn-se-Øn-s°m≈mw'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-sh-
¶n¬ Abm-sf-∏‰n \n߃s°¥v tXm∂p∂p?
Aev]w IqSn Bg-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p∂ ]£w, {]hm-N-I-am¿Kw \nc-kn-
°p-∂-h¿°v ssZh-Øn-te-s°-Øm≥ Hcp am¿Khpw ˛ hf-™tXm t\¿°p-
≈tXm ˛ e`n-°n-s√∂v t_m[y-amhpw. ImcWw, kXy-k-‘-\pw -\n-kzm¿Yn-
bp-amb Hcmsf \nc-kn-°p-∂-h∂v Ft¥m Ipg-∏-ap≠v F∂m-W¿Yw. kXy-
Øn\v t\sc IÆ-Sb - v°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ Ft¥m H∂v. AXv Ahs‚ Nn¥m-
i-‡n-bpsS A]q¿W-X-bmhmw; Al-¶m-c-amhmw; kXyhpw \≥abpw kzoI-
cn-°m≥ Xøm-dn-√m-Ø-hn[w Zpjn-®p-t]mb {]Ir-X-amhmw; ]q¿hn-I-cn-ep≈
A‘-amb hnizm-k-amImw; ]q¿hn-Im-Nm-c-߃°v ]Icw as‰m∂pw kzoI-
48 CkvemwaXw
cn-°m≥ Xøm-dn-√m-Ø-Xmhmw. CsXm-∂p-a-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥ tZtl-O-I-fpsS
ASn-a-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw. {]hm-N-Is\ AwKo-I-cn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂
]m]-ßfpw Zp¿hr-Øn-Ifpw sNøm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-I-psa∂v
Ah≥ `b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠m-hWw. Cu Ipg-∏-ß-fn-sem-s∂-¶n-ep-ap≈ hy‡n°v
Hcn-°epw ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i\w e`n-°n√. C∏-d-™-sXm∂pw C√mØ,
kXy-k-‘\pw \njv]-£\pamb Hcp kXym-t\zjn {]hm-N-Is‚ in£-W-
߃ \nc-kn-°pI F∂Xv Xo¿Øpw Akw-`-hy-at{X.
{]iv\Ø - n\v Kuc-hm-hl-amb as‰mcp hi-ap≠v. kXy-{]-hm- N-I≥ ssZh-
\n-bp-‡-\mWv. {]hm-N-Is\ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw thW-
sa-∂Xv ssZh-im-k-\-bmWv. At∏mƒ {]hm-N-I-\n-cm-kw -ssZh-[n-°m-c-
amWv. Hcp cmPy-Ønse ]uc≥am¿ `c-W-IqSw \n›-bn-°p∂ DtZym-K-
ÿs\ A\p-kc - n-°m≥ _m-[y-ÿc - mWv. DtZym-Kÿ
- s\ [n°-cn-°p-∂X - ns‚
A¿Yw `c-W-Iq-SsØ [n°-cn-°pI F∂mWv. `c-W-Iq-SsØ AwKo-I-cn-
°p-Ibpw AXv \nb-an-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿs\ \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI
F∂Xv ]c-kv]c - h- n-cp-≤a- mWv. AXp-t]mse ssZhw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw
cmPm-hmWv. AXn-\m¬, a\p-jy-cpsS am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-\mbn cmPmhv \nb-
an® hy‡nsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv k¿h-a-
\p-jy-cp-sSbpw _m[y-Xb - mWv. {]hm-NI
- s\ Xnc-kvIc- n-°p-∂h
- ¿ ssZh-Øn¬
hniz-kn-®mepw "Im^n¿' Xs∂.
{]hm-N-IXzw ˛ kw£n]vX Ncn{Xw
{]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc Fßs\ Bcw-`n®p? {Ia-{]-hr-≤-ambn AsX-ßs\
A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\n-seØn? CXmWv C\n-bsØ N¿®.
ssZhw BZy-ambn Hcp a\p-jys\ krjvSn®p. Ah-\n¬\n-∂vXs∂
Ahs‚ CW-sbbpw. Ah-cn¬\n-∂mWv a\p-jy-hwiw `qap-J-ØmsI hym]n-
®Xv. Cu temIØv PmX-cmb a\p-jy-sc√mw {]kvXpX Zº-Xn-am-cpsS k¥m-
\-ß-fmWv.* a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bcw`w Hcp a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂m-sW∂v
kIe kap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw aX-]-chpw Ncn-{X-]-c-hp-amb CXn-lm-k-߃
sFI-I-WvtTy\ kΩ-Xn-°p∂p. `qtKm-f-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬, Htc
kabw, sht∆sd a\p-jy¿ D≠m-bn-Øo¿∂-Xmbn imkv{X-K-th-j-W-ßfpw
sXfn-bn-®n-´n√. F∂√, `qan-bpsS \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy-
sc√mw Htc a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂v DZv`-hn-®-Xm-bn-cn°mw F∂mWv imkv{X-⁄-
cn¬ Gdn-b-]¶pw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.
B {]Ya a\p-jys‚ t]¿ BZw F∂m-bn-cp∂p. At±-lsØ ssZhw
{]Ya {]hm-N-I≥ IqSn-bmbn \n›-bn®p. Xs‚ k¥m-\-߃°v Ckvemw
]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ At±-lt- ØmSv B⁄m-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ""\nß-
fpsS ssZhw GI-\mWv; ka-kvX-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw ssZhw; Ahs\ am{Xw
* hfsc {][m-\hpw hnπ-hm-fl-I-hp-amb Hcm-i-b-am-WnXv. GI-am-\-h-Xbpw a\p-jy-k-a-Xz-hp-
amWv AXns‚ bp‡n-]-c-amb t\´w. h¿W˛h¿K˛tZi˛`mjmZn `n∂-X-Isf B[m-c-am°n
a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ hnth-N\w Iev]n-°p-∂Xv hnUvVn-Ø-amWv. tZio-b-Xzhpw k¶p-Nn-X-
h¿Ko-b-Xzhpw c‡-s°m-Xn-]q≠ hntcm-[-a-t\m-`m-hhpw temIsØ sh´n-ap-dn-®p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°p∂ C°m-eØv am\p-jn-ssI-Iy-Øn-s‚-Xmb Cu kn≤m¥w `mhnsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-
tØmfw i‡-am-sbmcp Bim-In-c-W-amWv.
˛ Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
{]hm-N-IXzw 49
Bcm-[n-°pI; Ahs‚ am{Xw Zmk≥am-cm-hpI; Ah-t\mSv am{Xw klm-b-
a¿Yn-°pI; Ahs‚ lnX-Øn-s\mØv am{Xw Pohn-°pI; \oXnbpw kXyhpw
]men-°pI ˛ F∂m¬ \n߃°v al-Ømb {]Xn-^ew e`n°pw. C\n,
ssZh-[n-°m-cn-I-fmbn ]n¥n-cn-bp-I-bm-sW-¶ntem, Ahs‚ ITn-\-in-£°v
\n߃ ]m{X-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw''˛ - Cu ktµiw kz¥w k¥m-\-߃°v
\evIm-\mWv ssZhw BZ-an-t\mSv Iev]n-®Xv.
BZ-ans‚ k¥m-\-ß-fnse k÷-\-߃ ]nXmhv \n¿tZ-in-®p-sIm-SpØ
k≥am¿K-Øn-eqsS Ncn-®p-t]m∂p. ZpjvS-P-\-߃ AXv ssIh-n´p If™p.
Ah¿ X∂n-jvS-{]-Imcw Pohn®p XpSßn. Imem-¥-tcW ]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈
Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfpw Ah-cn-ep-Zv`-hn®p. Nne¿ kqcy˛N{µ˛ \£-{X-ß-sfbpw a‰p
Nne¿ ac-߃, arK-߃, \Zn-Iƒ F∂n-h-sbbpw ]qPn-®p-Xp-Sßn. hmbp,
sh≈w, AKv\n, tcmKw, BtcmKyw XpS-ßnbhbpw Bcm-[\ - m-]m-{X-ßf - mbn.
{]Ir-Xn-bnse Hmtcm Xcw A\p-{K-l-߃°pw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw ssZh-
ß-fmbn. kIe ssZh-ßf - p-sSbpw {]oXn kºm-Zn-°p-hm-\mbn F√m-‰n-s\bpw
]qPn®p. Cßs\, _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\1bpsSbpw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bp-sSbpw \nc-
h[n cq]-߃ DZv`-hn®p. \nc-h[n aX-߃ cq]w-sIm≠p F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p
^ew.
BZw k¥-Xn-Iƒ `qan-bpsS hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ hym]n-°p-Ibpw hnhn[
kap-Zm-b-ßfpw cmjv{S-ß-fp-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX Ime-L-´-am-
bn-cp∂p AXv. Hmtcm kap-Zm-bhpw Hmtcm {]tXyI aXw \n¿an®p. Hmtcm
kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw BNmc k{º-Zm-b-ßfpw hn`n-∂-am-bn-cp∂p. GI-\mb
ssZhsØ Ah¿ ad∂p. H∏w BZw ]Tn-∏n® Imcy-ßfpw. PohnXw Hmtcm-
cp-Øc- p-sSbpw CjvSm-\p-km-ca - mbn. \m\m-Xcw Zp¿hr-Øn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-cß
- fpw
Ah-cn¬ hf¿∂p-h∂p. A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw Dulm-t]m-l-ßfpw Acßp
XI¿Øp. \≥a˛ Xn≥a-Isf th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nW™ A_-≤-߃
aqew [¿aw A[¿a-ambpw adn®pw Ah¿ sX‰n-≤-cn®p.*
Cu ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn¬, ssZhw, Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°pw Ckvem-
anI {]t_m-[-\m¿Yw {]hm-N-I≥amsc Ab-°p-hm≥ XpSßn. Xß-fpsS
kap-Zmbw hnkva-cn®pIf™ Imcy-߃ {]hm-N-I≥am¿ Ahsc A\p-kva-
cn∏n®p. GI-ssZ-hsØ am{Xw Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ P\-ßsf DZvt_m-
[n-∏n®p. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bn¬\n∂pw P\-
ßsf ]n¥n-cn-∏n®p. aqV-amb BNmc k{º-Zm-bß - ƒ°-dpXn hcpØn. ssZh-
1. in¿°v = _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw.
* aX-N-cn-{X-sØ-°p-dn® Cu ho£-W-KXn \ne-hn-en-cn-°p∂ "aX-]-cn-Wm-a-hmZ'Øn\v IS-I-
hn-cp-≤-amWv. {]kvXpX hmZ-{]-Imcw {]Ir-Xn-]q-P-bmWv aX-]-cn-Wm-a-Ønse BZy-Zi.
]pcm-X-\- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS {]Ir-Xn-]q-P-sb-°p-dn-°p∂ Ncn-{X-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ Hcp \n›nX
]cn-[n-hsc am{Xta Ah¿ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p≈q. AXm-Is´, am‰-Øn-cp-Øe - p-Iƒ°pw ssII-
S-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw hnt[-b-hp-amWv. AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb cq]-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ Ah¿ Hcp-
sº-Sm-dn√. GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m¥w(XuloZv) Bbn-cp∂p AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb Bcm-[-\m-{Iaw
F∂ hmZsØ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv ]nev°me imkv{X \nK-a-\-߃. GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m-
¥-Øn¬\n∂v sX‰n-sØ-dn-®p-t]m-b-h-bmWv as‰√m cq]-t`-Z-ßfpw. CtX ]‰n IqSp-Xedn-
bm\m{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ 'The Origin and Growth of Religion' F∂ t]cn¬ F®v.sP. tdmkv(e≠≥,
saØz≥) Cw•o-jn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX Prof. W. schmidts‚ hne-s∏´ Kth-jW
{]_‘w t\m°pI.
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
50 CkvemwaXw
ln- X - Ø n- s \mØv PohnXw \bn- ° p- h m- \ p≈ DØ- a - a m¿Kw ImWn®p
sImSpØp. icn-bmb \nb-a-߃ \evIp-Ibpw Ah A\p-k-cn-°m≥ Bh-
iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C¥y, ssN\, Cdm≥, CdmJv, CuPn]vXv, B{^n°,
bqtdm∏v XpSßn `qtKm-f-Øns‚ \m\m-Zn-°nepw Cßs\ {]hm-N-I≥am¿
\nbp-‡-cm-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw aXw H∂m-bn-cp∂p. \ΩpsS `mj-bn¬
"Ckvemw' F∂v hnfn-°p∂ AtX aXw.*
F∂m¬, {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS in£-W-co-Xn-Ifpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw,
XΩn¬ XΩn¬ Aev]mev]w hyXym-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm P\-X-bp-sSbpw
kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw \mK-cn-I-hp-amb \ne-hmcw IW-°n-se-Sp-ØmWv {]hm-N-
I≥am¿ {]h¿Øn-®Xv. kmwkvIm-cnI˛ \mK-cnI˛_u≤nI cwK-ß-fn¬ a\p-
jy¿ {]Ya ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah¿°v eLp-hmb in£W˛\n¿tZ-i-
߃ aXn-bm-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, ]ptcm-KXn {]m]n-®p-h-cpw-tXmdpw in£-W-
ßfpw BNm-c-ap-d-Ifpw hn]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. Cu hyXym-k-߃
]t£, _mly-X-e-Øn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p. BXvamhv Ft∏mgpw, F√m-bn-
SØpw H∂p-Xs∂ ˛ GIssZ kn≤m¥w, kXy-k-‘X, BXvam¿YX, ]mc-
{Xn-I-hn-izmkw XpS-ßn-bh. Cu auenI Imcy-߃ F√m {]hm-N-I≥am-cp-
sSbpw in£-W-ß-fpsS Poh-\m-bn-cp∂p.
{]hm-N-I≥am-tcm-Sp≈ P\-ß-fpsS s]cp-am‰w AXn-hn-Nn-{X-am-bn-cp∂p.
P\-ß-f-hsc ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ D]-{Z-hn®p. Ah-cpsS ktµiw \ntj-[n®p;
Nnesc sIm∂p. Nnesc \m´n¬\n-∂m-´n-tbm-Sn®p; Bbp-jv°m-e-a-{Xbpw
{]t_m-[\w sNbvXn´pw Nne¿°v At©m ]tØm A\p-bm-bn-I-fn-tesd
e`n-®n√. F∂m¬, CØcw {]Xn-_-‘-߃ Ah¿°v hne-ßm-bn√. kz¥w
tPmen Ah¿ apS-ßmsX XpS¿∂p. HSp-hn¬ Ah-cpsS {]b-Xv\-߃ ^ew
I≠p XpSßn. h≥k-ap-Zm-b-ßfpw {]_e cmjv{S-ßfpw Ah-cpsS A\p-
bm-bn-I-fmbn. AXn¬ ]ns∂, ss]im-NnI i‡n-Iƒ a‰p hgn-I-f-t\z-jn®p.
{]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Ime-tijw, Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ßsf A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ
cq]-t`Zw hcpØn. ssZhn-I-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ kz¥w Bi-b-߃ IpØn-Øn-
cpIn. Bcm-[-\°v \ho-\-cq-]-ß-fm-hn-jvI-cn®p. Nne¿ {]hm-N-I≥am-sc-
Øs∂ ]qPn®p XpS-ßn. a‰p Nne¿ {]hm-N-I≥ ssZhm-h-Xm-c-am-sW∂v
hmZn®p. ssZh-]p-{X-\m-bn-°-cp-Xn-b-h¿ thsd. {]hm-N-I≥ ssZhm-[n-Im-c-
Øn¬ ]¶p-]-‰p-∂p-sh∂v a‰p Nne¿. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Bbp-jv°m-e-a-{Xbpw
hn{K-l-]q-P-s°-Xnsc s]mcp-Xn-b-h-sc-Øs∂ P\-߃ hn{K-l-ß-fm°n.
Fs¥mcp hntcm-[m-`mkw! {]hm-N-I≥am¿ \evIn-t∏mb I¿a-]-≤-Xnbpw
Ah¿ Zpjn-∏n®p If™p. ]e-Xcw aqVm-Nm-c-ßfpw Zp¿\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw AXn-
e-h¿ IS-Øn-°q´n; sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw hymtP-Xn-lm-k-ßfpw Ie¿Øn-°q´n;
a\p-jy-\n¿anX \nb-a-߃ Iq´n-t®¿Øp. ^etam, GXm\pw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ
Ign-™-t∏mƒ {]hm-N-Is‚ km£m¬ A[ym-]-\-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-
* Ckvem-ans‚ Bcw`w apl-ΩZv \_n(k) apX¬°m-sW∂v s]mXp-hn¬, hninjym ]m›m-
Xy≥ Fgp-Øp-Im¿°n-S-bn¬ Hcp sX‰n-≤m-c-W-bp≠v. Xncp-ta-\nsb Ckvem-ans‚ BZy-
ÿm-]-I-s\-∂p-IqSn Nne¿ hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p∂p. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kXy-Øn\v t\sc-bp≈
sIm™\w am{X-am-WnXv. ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿Y {]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sS-sb√mw aXw Ckvemw
Bbn-cp∂p. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n-∂p≈ ktµ-i-Øns‚ hml-I¿ am{X-am-bn-cp∂ kXy-{]-hm-
N-I¿ aptJ\ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v \evI-s∏´ Znhy-sh-fn-]m-SmWv Ckvemw.
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
{]hm-N-IXzw 51
bm-Ø-hn[w hymP-hp-ambn Ie¿∂p-t]mbn. kXyadn-bm≥ Hcp am¿K-hp-an-
√m-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂p.* kzoIm-cy-ambn H∂pw tijn-°mØ hn[w {]hm-N-I≥am-
cpsS Pohn-X-I-Y-Iƒt]mepw CXn-lm-k-ß-fpsS `mh-\-bn-e-en-™p-tN¿∂p.
F¶nepw {]hm-N-I-b-Xv\-߃ Xo¿Øpw \njv^-e-am-bn-t∏m-bn√. ]e cq]-
Øn¬ aen-\-am-bn´pw kXyw sNdnb tXmXn-se-¶nepw P\-k-aq-l-ß-fn-e-h-
ti-jn®p. ssZh-sØbpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Ipdn® t_m[w
cq]-t`-Z-ß-tfm-sS-bm-sW-¶nepw F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fnepw \ne-\n∂p. \≥a,
kXyw, kZm-Nmcw, k¬kz-`mhw F∂o kZvKp-W-߃ temIw s]mXpth
AwKo-I-cn®p. tZi˛h¿K˛`mjm-t`-Z-߃°-Xo-X-ambn a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v
s]mXpth kzoIm-cy-amb Hcp aX-Øns‚ {]Nm-cWw km[y-am-I-Ø-°-hn[w
{]hm-N-I≥am¿ kzk-ap-Zm-bsØ {]tXyIw k÷-am°n.
Bcw-`-Øn¬ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw {]hm-N-
I≥am¿ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p-sh∂v apºv ]d-™p-ht√m. Ah-cn-tem-tcm-cp-Ø-
cp-sSbpw in£-W-߃ Ah-c-h-cpsS kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]cn-an-X-am-bn-cp∂p.
ImcWw, A∂v kaq-l-߃ H‰-s∏-´mWv Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv. C∂p ImWp∂
ASp-∏hpw _‘hpw A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂n√. Hmtcm kap-Zm-bhpw kz¥w tZi-
]-cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ _‘n-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. X≥aqew F√m-h¿°pw _m[-Iam-Ip∂
Hcp aXw F√m kaq-l-ß-fnepw {]N-cn-∏n-°pI Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂n√. IqSmsX,
kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS Ah-ÿ-Iƒ H∂n-s\m∂v hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp∂p. P\-ß-
fn¬ {]I-S-amb Zqjy-ß-fm-Is´ `n∂-kz-`m-h-Øn-ep-≈Xpw. A⁄-X-bm-sW-
¶ntem, hym]-Ihpw. AXn-\m¬, {]hm-N-I≥am¿ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw
{]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn in£-W-߃ \evIn. {]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS tPmen
ZpjvI-c-am-bn-cp∂p. sX‰mb hnizm-k-߃°p ]Icw ]pXn-bh ]Tn-∏n-°Ww;
{]mIr-X-\n-b-a-ß-fpsS ÿm\Øv D¬Ir-jvS-am-bh ÿm]n-°Ww; sIm®p
Ip´n-I-sf-∂-t]mse P\-ßsf ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn kwkvI-cn®p hf¿ØWw.
C∆n[w P\-ßsf kwkvI-cn-°p-hm≥ F{X kl-{km-_vZ-߃ hn\n-tbm-Kn-
t°≠n h∂p F∂v ssZh-Ønt\ Adnbq! F¶nepw a\p-jy-k-aqlw {Ia-{]-
hr-≤-ambn \mK-cnI ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn®p. AXv ssiihw hn´v buh-\-
Øn-te°v IS∂p; hyh-kmb˛ hym]mc˛ sXmgn¬ cwK-ß-fn-ep-≠mb ]ptcm-
K-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w kaq-l-߃ XΩn¬ IqSp-X¬ ASpØv _‘-s∏´p XpSßn.
IS¬ hgnbpw Ic-h-gnbpw h≥I-c-Iƒ XΩn¬ KXm-KX _‘-߃ ÿm]n-
X- a mbn. an° kaq- l - ß - f nepw ssIsbgpØv {]N- c n®p. AXv
hn⁄m\˛Iem˛imkv{X-ß-fpsS {]N-mc-W-Øn\v hgn-h®p. AtXmsS kaq-
l-߃ XΩn¬ Bib hn\n-abw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. h≥ km{am-
Py-߃ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-tXmsS hnhn[ {]tZ-i-ßfpw kap-Zm-b-ßfpw Htc
cmjv{So-b-hy-h-ÿ°v Iogn-embn. Cßs\ P\-k-aq-l-߃°n-S-bn¬ apºp-
≠m-bn-cp∂ AIev®bpw A\y-Xzhpw Ipd™p. Aßs\ apgp-h≥ temI-
Øn\p-ambn HtcI Pohn-X-hy-hÿ \evIm-\p≈ kml-Ncyw kwPm-X-am-hp-
* F√m {]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Cu coXn-bn-emWv Xß-fpsS km£m¬
aXw(Ckvemw) Zpjn-∏n®v C∂v hnhn[ \ma-ß-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ aX-߃ \n¿an-®Xv.
DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Cukm(A)s‚ aXw Ckvemw Bbn-cp∂p. ]t£, At±-l-Øn-\vtijw
A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ At±-l-sØ-Øs∂ Bcm-[n®p. At±-l-Øns‚ in£-W-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw
Iq´n-°-e¿Øn C∂v {InkvXp-aXw F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ aXw \n¿an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
52 CkvemwaXw
I-bm-bn-cp∂p.
GI-tZiw 2500 kwh-’-c-߃°v apºv Xs∂ Hcp s]mXp aXsØ
kzbw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w a\p-jys‚ at\m-L-S\ hnImkw
{]m]n®p Ign-™n-cp∂p. _p≤-aXw Hcp [m¿an-I-kw-lnX am{X-am-bn-cp∂p.
Hc-]q¿W- aXw. F∂n-´p-aXv C¥y-bpsS AXn-cp-Iƒ IS∂v Hcp hiØv P∏m-
\nepw at¶m-fn-bb
- nepw adp-hi - Øv A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\nepw _pJm-db
- nepw a‰pw
{]N-cn®p. AXns‚ {]Nm-c-I≥am¿ hnZq-c-tZ-i-ß-fn-se-Øn-t®¿∂p. Aev]
iX- I - ß ƒ°p- t ijw {Inkv X paXw ]nd∂p. Cuk(A) Ckv e mapw
sIm≠mWv h∂n-cp-∂Xv. At±-l-Øn-\vtijw \n¿an-°-s∏-´-XmWv {InkvXp-
aXw. AXpw Hc-]q¿W a - X
- a
- mWv. B aXsØ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ temI-Øns‚
]e-`m-KØpw {]N-cn-∏n®p. CsX√mw sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy-k-aqlw Hcp
temI-a-XsØ {]Xo-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv. kXyhpw kºq¿W-hp-
amb Hcp aXw In´msX h∂-t∏mƒ In´n-b-Xns\ Ah-sc-Xn-tc‰p˛ Ah A]-
Izhpw A]q¿Whpw Bbn-cp-∂n´p IqSn.
apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-bpsS {]hm-N-IXzw
Cu L´-Øn-emWv AJne temI-Øn\pw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-
߃°p-ambn Hcp {]hm-N-I≥ ˛ apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) Atd-_y-bn¬ \ntbm-Kn-
X-\m-bXv. kºq¿W-amb Hcnkvemw ssZhw At±-lØ - n\v \evIn. AXv temI-
Øp-S-\ofw {]N-cn-∏n-°pI F∂ al-Ømb ZuXyw At±lsØ Gev]n-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. Atd-_y-bpsS `qan-imkv{Xw ]Tn-®p-t\m°q. k¿h-tem-I-
Øn-\p-ap≈ Hcp ZuXy-Øns‚ tI{µ-am-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ AXn-s\-°mƒ A\p-
tbm-Py-amb as‰mcp {]tZ-i-hp-an-s√∂v ImWmw. Cu cmPy-Øns‚ InS∏v
Gjy-bp-sSbpw B{^n-°-bp-sSbpw a[y-Øn-emWv. bqtdm∏pw kao-]-Øp-X-
s∂-bp≠v. hninjym, A°m-eØv \mK-cn-I-]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-cn® bqtdm-
]y≥ kaq-l-ß-fn-e-[n-Ihpw \nh-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv bqtdm-]ns‚ sX°p-`m-K-
Øm-bn-cp∂p. B `mKw Atd-_y-tbmSv ASp-ØmWv. C¥ybpw Atd-_ybpw
XΩn-ep≈ AtX Zqc-Øn¬.
C\n, Atd-_y-bpsS Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°pI. apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS
{]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn\v Atd-_y≥P-\-X-tbmfw tbmPn® as‰mcp P\-]Zw A∂p-
≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v ImWmw. t]cp-tI´ a‰p kap-Zm-bß - s - f√mw i‡n £bn®v
Poh-—-h-ß-fmbn Xo¿∂ Imew. Ad-_n-I-fm-hs´, \h ssNX-\y-am¿Pn®
Poh¬k-ap-Zm-b-am-bn-cp∂p. CX-c- kap-Zm-b-ß-fnse [m¿an-I-X-Øz-߃,
\mK-cn-I ]- p-tcm-KX - n-bpsS IpsØm-gp°n-sem-en-®p-t]m-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, Ad-
_n-Isf kpJ-tem-ep-]cpw Ae-kcpw lo\-cp-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂ bmsXmcp
\mK-cn-I-Xbpw A∂v cq]w {]m]n-®n-cp-∂n√. \mK-cn-I- ]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-
cn® kaq-lß - f - n¬ A∂v ImW-s∏-´n-cp∂ Xn≥a-If - n¬\n∂v ap‡-cm-bn-cp∂p
Ah¿. am\p- j nI KpW- ß - ƒ an°Xpw Ah- c n- e p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂p. Ah¿
[oc≥amcpw \n¿`o-X-cp-am-bn-cp∂p; DZm-ccpw Icm¿ ]men-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cp∂p;
kzX{¥ Nn¥m-KX - n-°m-cm-bn-cp∂p; kzmX{¥y t{]an-If - m-bn-cp∂p; Bcp-sSbpw
ASn-aI
- f- m-bn-cp-∂n√. am\w Im°m≥ Poh≥t]mepw _en-b¿∏n-°p-am-bn-cp∂p;
efn-X-Po-hn-X-am-W-h¿ \bn-®Xv. BUw-_cw Ah¿°n-jvS-am-bn-cp-∂n√.
F∂m¬, Ah¿°v Nne Zp¿Kp-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn¬ X¿°-
{]hm-N-IXzw 53
an√. F∂m-eXv Xßsf kwkvImcw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp {]hm-N-It\m ]cn-
jvI¿Ømthm 2500 h¿j-ambn DS-se-Sp-°m-Ø-Xns‚ ^e-am-bn-cp∂p.* \q‰m-
≠p-I-fmbn acp-`q-an-bn¬ kzX-{¥-Po-hnXw \bn-®-Xns‚ ^e-ambn A⁄X
hym]-I-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cn¬. Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy\v Ahsc kwkvI-cn-
s®-Sp-°phm-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, temIØv al-Ømb Hcp
hnπhw krjvSn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ignhv Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p ˛ AXn\v alm-
\mb Hcp a\p-jy≥ Ahsc kwkvI-cn-s®-Sp-°Ww; Abm-fpsS D∂-X-amb
Bi-b-߃ D¬Ir-jvS-amb Hcp e£y-Øn-te-°-hsc \bn-°Ww.
C\n, Ad_n`mj-bpsS Imcy-sa-Sp-°pI. G‰hpw D∂-X-amb Bi-b-
߃ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm\pw ssZhnI ⁄m\-Ønse AXn-kq-£va-amb kwK-
Xn-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-hm\pw Ad-_n-sb-°m-f-\p-tbm-Py-amb as‰mcp `mj-bn√.
P\-a-\- p-Isf lTm-Zm-I¿jn-°p∂ ssien-bp-ap-≠-Xn\v. [mcmfw Bi-b-
ß-fpƒs°m-≈n-°m≥ GXm\pw ]Z-߃ aXn. Akv{Xw IWs° lrZ-b-
Øn-te°v Xpf-®p-I-b-dp∂ i‡n B `mj-°p≠v. ImXp-Iƒ°v C{X-tbsd
a[pcw ]I-cp∂ `mjbpw thsd-bn√. AXns‚ cmK-Øn-ep≥a-Ø-\mbn a\p-
jy≥ kzbw ad∂v BSn-Øp-Sßpw. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ t]mep≈ Hcp al¬
{KŸ-Øn\v CØ-c-samcp `mj Xs∂-bmWv Bh-iyw. Npcp-°-Øn¬, a\p-
jy-cm-in-s°m-∂mbn Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-°m≥ Atd_y sXc-s™-
SpØXv ssZh-Øns‚ al-Ømb bp‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p!
apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS {]hm-N-IXzw ˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ
Bbn-cØ - ™- qdv kwh-’c- ß
- ƒ°-∏p-dt- Ø-s°m∂v Xncn-™p-t\m-°pI.
A∂v temIØv sSen-{Km^pw sSen-t^m-Wp-an√. Xoh-≠nbpw tamt´m¿Im-
dp-an√. {] n√, ]{X-ß-fn√. ]pkvX-I-ß-fpan√. C∂p≈ bm{Xm-ku-I-cy-
ß-fn√. C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬, Atd_y CXc \mSp-I-fn¬\n∂v H‰-s∏´p InS∂
Hcp cmPy-am-bn-cp∂p. Np‰p-ap≈ Cdm≥, tdmw, CuPn]vXv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬
hn⁄m\ Iem-im-kv{X-߃ Aev]m-ev]a - mbn {]N-cn-®n-cp∂p. ]t£, IsÆ-
ØmØ aW¬°m-Sp-Iƒ Atd-_ysb B cm-Py-ß-fn¬\ns∂√mw th¿s∏-
SpØn \n¿Øn. Atd-_y≥ hym]m-cn-Iƒ amk-ß-tfmfw acp-`qan Xm≠n B
cmPy-ß-fn-se-Øn-s∏-´n-cp∂p. ]t£, B _‘w hym]m-c-Øn¬ am{X-sam-
Xpßn. Atd-_y-bn-em-Is´, \mK-cn-IX hnImkw {]m]n-®n-cp-∂n√. AhnsS
]mT-im-eI - tfm {KŸm-eb - ß
- tfm D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. hnZym-`ymkw {]Nmcw t\Sn-
bn-cp-∂n√. Fgp-Xm\pw hmbn-°m-\p-ad- n-bp-∂h - ¿ hnc-en-se-Æm-hp-∂h- ¿ am{Xw.
Ah¿°m-Is´, A°m-esØ hn⁄m\ Iem-im-kv{X-ßf - n¬ ]cn-Nbw D≠m-
bn-cp-∂p-an√. hyh-ÿm-]nX `c-Wtam \nb-a-hy-h-ÿtbm AhnsS C√m-bn-
cp∂p. Hmtcm tKm{Xhpw kz¥w \ne°v kzm[n-Im-cn-Iƒ. sIm≈bpw
Ih¿®bpw k¿h{X. Ie-lhpw sImebpw k¿h-km-[m-cWw. a\p-jy-Po-
h∂v hne \jvS-s∏´ Imew. i‡¿ Ai-‡sc sIm∂v sIm≈-b-Sn®p.**
hy`n-Nmcw, aZy-]m\w, NqXp-Ifn F∂nh km¿h-{XnIw. \·X ]c-ky-ambn
{]Z¿in- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ - X n¬ B¿°pw Hcp kt¶m- N - h p- a p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ n√.
* C_vdm-low-\_n(A), Ckvam-Cu¬\_n(A) F∂n-h-cpsS Imew apl-ΩZv\_n(k)°v 2500
h¿jw apºmWv. Cu \o≠ Ime-L-´-Øn-\n-S°v Atd-_y-bn¬ Hcp {]hm-N-I≥ h∂n-´n√.
54 CkvemwaXw
kv{XoIƒt]mepw ]cn-ip≤ IA-v_sb \Kv\-cmbn {]Z-£nWw sNbvXn-
cp∂p. \nb-a-hn-cp≤w, \nb-a-hn-t[bw F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hnth-N\w Ah¿°-
\y-am-bn-cp∂p. Hcp \nb-{¥-W-Øn\pw hnt[-b-cm-Im≥ Ah¿ Xøm-dp-≠m-bn-
cp-∂n√. A{X i‡-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS kzmX-{¥y-t_m[w. Hcp hn[n-
I¿Øm-hn-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ k∂-≤-cm-bn√. inem {]Xn-a-I-
fm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS ssZh-߃. hgn-bn¬ I≠ `wKnbpw an\p-k-hp-ap≈
GXv inebpw Ah¿°v ssZh-am-bn-cp∂p. BcpsS apºnepw Ip\n-bmØ B
inc- p-Iƒ ine-Iƒ°p apºn¬ btYjvSw Ip\n™p! B ine-Iƒ Xß-
fpsS Bh-iy-ß-sf√mw \n¿h-ln-°p-sa-∂-h¿ hniz-kn®p!
CΩ-´n-ep≈ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬, CXp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp kml-N-cy-Øn¬
Hcmƒ P\n-°p∂p. ssii-h-Øn¬Xs∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ At±-lsØ hn´p-
t]mbn. Aev]w Ign™v ]nXm-a-l\pw. B {]mb-Øn¬ e`n-t°-≠p∂
G‰hpw Ipd™ kwc-£Ww t]mepw \evIm-\m-fn√. hnthIw h∂ {]mb-
Øn¬ Ad_n _me≥am-tcm-sSm∏w BSp tabv°m≥ t]mhp∂p. bphXzw
{]m]n-®-t∏mƒ hym]m-c-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp∂p. At±lw \nev°p-∂Xpw Ccn-°p-
∂Xpw \S-°p-∂Xpw ta¬ hnh-cn® Xc-°m-cmb Ad-_n-I-fpsS IqsS-bmWv.
hnZym-`ymkw t]cn\p t]mepw At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®n-´n√. Fgp-Xmt\m hmbn-
°mt\m Adn-bn√. F∂m¬, At±-l-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw at\m-K-Xnbpw a‰p-
≈-h-cp-tS-Xn¬\n∂v XnI®pw `n∂-amWv. At±lw BtcmSpw If-hp-]-d-bp-
∂n√; kt`y-Xc hm°p-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√; kwkm-c-Øn¬ ImTn-\ytam
]mcp-jytam C√; a[p-chpw hn\-bm-\zn-X-hp-amb `mjWw. B am[p-cy-Øm¬
P\-߃ At±-l-Øn-em-Ir-jvS-cm-hp∂p; A\y-cp-sS-Xm-b-sXm∂pw At±lw
sX‰mb hgn°v kz¥-am-°p-∂n√; hniz-kvXXbm¬, P\-߃ hne-s∏´
hkvXp-°ƒ kq£n-°m-t\-ev]n-°p-∂Xv At±-l-sØ-bmWv. At±lw Ah
kz¥w Poh-s\-sb-t∂mWw kq£n-°p∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-k-‘X
k¿hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p; Ah-c-t±-lsØ "hniz-kvX≥' (A¬-A-ao≥)
F∂v hnfn-°p∂p. e÷bpw kt¶m-Nhpw At±-lØ - ns‚ {]Ir-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p.
t_m[wsh®-tijw \Kv\-\mbn Bcp-a-t±-lsØ I≠n-´n√. At±-l-Øns‚
kZm-Nm-c-\njvT IWn-i-am-bn-cp∂p. Hc-\y-kv{Xosb At±lw IÆp-b¿Øn
t\m°n-bn-´n√. ]cn-ip-≤hpw \n¿a-e-hp-amb B {]IrXn kIe hn[ A[¿a-
ß-sfbpw shdpØp. aqVcpw aen-\-lr-Z-bcpw t]m°n-cn-I-fp-amb P\-ß-fp-
am-bp≈ kl-hmkw B kz`m-h-߃ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Hcn-°epw CS-bm-°n-
bn√. At±-l-Øns‚ k¿h-I¿a-ß-fnepw hrØnbpw shSn∏pw sXfn-™p-
\n∂p. kaqlw \S-Øp∂ sIm≈bpw sImebpw I≠v B a\ v hyY
]q≠p. AXn-\m¬, Ie-l-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ k‘nbpw kulr-Z-hp-ap-≠m-°m≥
At±lw ]cn-{i-an-°p∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ lrZbw Atß-b‰w Aen-hp-≈-
XmWv. A\y-cpsS ZpxJw At±-l-sØbpw ZpxJn-∏n-°p∂p; A\m-Y-I-sfbpw
hn[-hI - s
- fbpw At±lw klm-bn-°p∂p. hni-°p-∂h - ¿°m-lmcw \evIp∂p;
bm{X-°msc klm-bn-°p∂p. At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v B¿°pw Hcp t{Zmlhpw
** ' The Arab Civilization' (]pdw 10) F∂ IrXn-bn¬ s{]m^. tPmk^v sl¬ (Joseph Hell)
Fgp-Xp∂p: ""CØcw hg-°p-Iƒ tZio-b-amb sFIy-t_m[w XI¿°p-Ibpw A]-cn-lm-cy-
amb kzP-\-]-£-]mXw Ah-cn¬ hf¿Øn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. X߃ kzbw kºq¿W-cm-
sW∂v Hmtcm tKm{Xhpw IcpXn. a‰p-≈-h¿ X߃°v sIm√m\pw sIm≈-b-Sn-°m\pw
Ih¿® sNøm-\p-ap≈ \nb-am-\p-krX Cc-I-fm-sW∂pw.''
{]hm-N-IXzw 55
t\cn-Sp-∂n√. _nw_-]q-P-I-tcm-sSm∏w Ign-™n´pw _nw_-ß-sf-b-t±lw ITn-
\-ambn shdp-°p∂p. Hcn-°-ep-samcp krjvSn-bpsS apºn-e-t±lw Xe Ip\n-
°p-∂n√. BIm-i`- q-an-If- n-ep≈ hkvXp-°s - fm∂pw ]qP-b¿ln-°p∂n√ F∂
Bibw At±-lØ - ns‚ A¥-cm-fØ - n¬\n∂v kzbw ]pd-Øp-hc - p∂p. ssZhw
H∂p-am-{Xta D≠m-Imhq; H∂p-am-{X-ta-bp≈q F∂v At±-l-Øns‚ a\ v
kzbw ]d-bp∂p. Aßs\ B a\p-jy≥ aqV-cmb B P\-߃°n-S-bn¬
th¿Xn-cn™v ImW-s∏-Sp∂p. Nc¬°q-\-bnse cXv\w-t]mse; sImSpw-X-a-
n-semcp `mkpc Zo]w t]mse!
\mev]Xp hb- m-Ip-thmfw At±lw Cu hnin-jvShpw hnip-≤-hp-amb
PohnXw \bn-°p∂p. ]mh-\hpw am\yhpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-amb PohnXw. B
L´-Øn¬, X\n°v Np‰pw hym]n-®n-cn-°p∂ L\m-‘-Imcw At±-lsØ
]cn-{`m¥ NnØ-\m-°p∂p. A⁄-Xbpw A[¿ahpw Acm-P-I-Xzhpw _lp-
ssZ-h-Xz-hpam-Ip∂ A‘-Im-c-߃. HSp-hn-e-t±lw A‘-Im-c-ß-fpsS Cu
]mcm-hm-cØ - n¬\n∂v tamN\w B{K-ln-°p∂p. ImcWw, AhnsS Xs‚ {]Ir-
Xn-°n-W-ßp-∂-Xmbn H∂p-an√. Aßs\, At±lw Zqsc Hcp ]¿h-X-Ønse
Kpl-bpsS im¥-amb GIm-¥-X-bn¬ ]e Znh-k-߃ Ign-®p-Iq-´p∂p. {hX-
ip≤n hcp-Øp∂p. a\- n\pw akvXn-jvI-Øn\pw Gsd-tbsd ss\¿aeyw
ssIh-cp-Øp∂p. Zo¿L-amb [ym\-Ønepw Nn¥-bnepw apgp-Inb Zn\-cm-{X-
߃. Np‰pw hym]n®p InS-°p∂ A‘-Imcw \o°w sNøm-\p-X-Ip∂ Hcp
ssIØncn A£-a-tbmsS At±lw ]c-Xp∂p. \mi-K¿Ø-Øn-em-≠p-t]mb,
Zpjn® B temIsØ A∏msS ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bm-\p-X-Ip-∂ Hcp i‡n
X\n°v ssIh-s∂-¶n-se-∂m-in-°p∂p˛ ]cn-ip-≤hpw im¥n-]q¿W-hp-amb
Hcp \h-temIw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ Hcp i‡n-hn-tijw!
s]s´-∂Xm, At±-l-Øns‚ ÿnXn-bn¬ hºn® am‰w. Xm≥ tXSn-s°m-
≠n-cp∂ shfn®w s]mSp-∂s\ a\- n¬ {]Xy-£-amb t]mse. apsºm-cn-
°epw tXm∂mØ Hcp i‡n X∂n¬ h∂v \ndbpw t]mse. Kpl-bpsS
GIm-¥X hn´v At±lw ]pdØv hcp∂p. kz¥w kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ASp-
°¬ sN∂v- C-{]-Imcw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p∂p: "\nß-fm-cm-[n-°p∂ Cu {]Xn-
a-Iƒ Xo¿Øpw \njv{]-tbm-P-\-amWv. kqcy˛-N-{µ˛-\-£-{Xm-Zn-I-fpw BIm-
i-`q-an-I-fnse kI-e- N-cm-N-c-ßfpw ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-Iƒ am{Xw. AtX
ssZh-amWv \nß-fp-sSbpw {kjvSmhv˛ \n߃°v Blmcw Xcp-∂X - h
- \
- mWv.
\nßsf Pohn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw acn-∏n-°p-∂X - p-ah- \
- mWv. AXp-sIm-≠h - s\ am{Xw
Bcm-[n-°pI. Bh-iy-߃ Ah∂v am{Xw ka¿∏n-°pI; klmbw Ah-
t\mSv am{Xw tXSpI. \n߃ sNbvXpIq´p∂ tamj-Whpw Ih¿®bpw aZy-
]m-\hpw NqXm-´hpw hy`n-Nm-ch - p-sa√mw h≥Ip-‰ß - f
- mWv. ssZhw Xosc CjvS-
s∏-Sm-Øh. AXp-sIm-≠-h-sb√mw XyPn-°p-ho≥. kXyw am{Xw ]d-bpI;
\oXn ]pe¿ØpI; A\y-cpsS Poh\pw [\-hp-a-]-l-cn-°-cpXv; CS-]m-Sp-I-
fn¬ kXy-k-‘X ]men-°pI; \nß-sf√mw a\p-jy-cmWv; a\p-jytcm
ka≥amcpw. hwiw, tKm{Xw, tZiw, `mj, h¿Ww, cq]w, thjw, kºØv
F∂n-h-bn-sem∂pw Hcp amlm-fly-hp-an√. ssZh-`‡n, kXy-k-‘X,
k¬°¿aw, hnip≤ PohnXw ˛ Ch-bmWv amlm-fly-Øns‚ am\-ZWvUw.
ac-Wm-\¥ - cw \n߃s°√mw ssZh-k∂ - n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-tI-≠X - p≠v. \oXn-
am-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ ip]m¿itbm ssI°q-entbm \S-°p-I-
56 CkvemwaXw
bn√. Bcp-sSbpw tKm{X-am-lmflyw KpWw sNøn√. kXy-hn-izm-khpw
kXvI¿ahpw am{X-am-Wh - nsS {]tbm-P\
- s
- ∏-SpI. B Aaqey kºØv ssIh-
i-ap-≈-h¿ kz¿Kw ]qIpw. C√m-Ø-h¿ \c-I-Ønepw.
CXm-bn-cp∂p At±lw \evInb D]-tZ-i-Øns‚ Npcp°w. ]t£,
hnUvVn-I-fmb P\-߃ Ah-cpsS bYm¿Y KpWImw-£n-bmb B DØ-a-
]p-cp-js\ ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ t{Zmln-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. Xß-fpsS ]q¿hn-
Im-Nm-c-ßsf Bt£-]n®p, ap≥Km-an-Isf X≈n-∏-d™p XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-bn-
cp∂p Ah-c-t±-l-Øn¬ I≠ Ip‰w. B Ip‰-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Ah-c-t±-lsØ
iIm-cn®p; Is√-dn™p; ITn-\-ambn a¿Zn®p; tZtlm-]-{Z-h-taev]n®p; Ah-
km\w h[n-°p-hm≥ t]mepw KqVm-tem-N\ \SØn. ]Xn-aq∂v kwh-’-c-
߃ Ah-c-t±-lsØ \nc-¥cw {Iqc-ambn B{I-an®p sIm≠n-cp∂p. KXy-
¥-ca - n-√msX kztZiw shSn-bm≥ t]mepw At±lw \n¿_-‘n-X\ - mbn. F∂n-
´p-a-h¿ AS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n√. At±lw FØn-t®¿∂ {]tZ-iØpw h¿j-ß-
tfmfw Ah-c-t±-lsØ ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ iey-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p.
Cu IjvS-X-I-sf√mw B alm-\p-`m-h≥ F¥n-\mWv kln-®Xv? temI-
Øn\v kXy-Øns‚ t\¿am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\m-{K-ln-®XpsIm≠p-
am{Xw. Cu ]pXnb Bi-b-ß-fp-t]-£n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip∂ ]£w Xß-
fpsS t\XrXzw Xs∂ At±-l-Øn\v \evIp-hm-\-h¿ Xøm-dm-bn-cp∂p. kº-
Øns‚ Iqºmcw At±-lØ - ns‚ ]mZ-ßf - n-e¿∏n-°m-\h
- ¿ Hcp-°a- m-bn-cp∂p.*
]t£, At±lw AsX√mw Xosc Ah-K-Wn®p. Xs‚ I¿Ø-hy-\n¿h-l-W-
Øn¬ ]X-dmsX \ne-sIm≠p. Hcmƒ kzm¿Y-em-`-߃°p-th-≠n-b-√msX,
A\y-cpsS \∑bpw t£ahpw am{Xw ap≥\n¿Øn \m\m-Xcw IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
* kXy-am¿K-Øn¬ FXn¿∏ns‚ sImSp-¶m-‰p-Iƒ Xs∂ t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂p, {]hm-NI
- ∂v. At±lw
AsX√mw ]p©n-cn-tbmsS t\cn´p. {]oW-\-߃t°m {]tem-`-\-߃t°m hg-ßmsX
At±lw Xs‚ am¿K-Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n∂p. `oj-Wn-Iƒ \_nsb `b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t]m∂-X√
F∂p-I≠ Ad-_n-Iƒ HSp-hn¬ as‰m-c-Shv {]tbm-Kn®p. AXpw, ]t£, ]cm-P-b-Øn-emWv
Iem-in-®Xv.
Jpssdin {]ap-J-c-S-ßp∂ Hcp \nth-ZI kwLw \_n-bpsS ASp-Øp-h∂p. `mhn-°m≥ Ign-
bp∂ F√m sFlnI {]Xm-]hpw Ah¿ \_n°v sh®p-\o´n, At±-lsØ hi-Øm-°m≥
th≠n. Ah¿ ]d™p: ""[\-amWv \n\°m-h-iy-sa-¶n¬ \n\-°n-jvS-ap-≈{X [\w R߃
Xcmw. ÿm\-am-\-amWv tamln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ R߃ \ns∂ cmPm-hmbn hmgn°mw. kuµ-
cy-Øn-emWv IsÆ-¶n¬ \o sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂ kuµ-cy-[m-asØ \n\°v thfn Ign°mw.''
\_nsb h√-hn-t[-\bpw ZuXy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS
Dt±iyw. Bscbpw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ hio-I-cn-°p-hm≥ t]m∂ {]tem-`-\-߃. ]t£, {]hm-
N-Is‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ Ah-sb{X Xp—w! Hcp kvt^mS\w t]mse At±-l-Øns‚ adp-]Sn
h∂p: ""sIm≈-ap-Xtem A[n-Im-ctam F\n-°p-th≠! P\-߃s°mcp ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Im-c-
\m-bn-´mWv ssZh-sas∂ \ntbm-Kn-®Xv. Ahs‚ ktµiw \n߃s°-Øn-°p-Ib - mWv Rm≥.
AXv kzoI-cn-®m¬ \n߃°o temIØv kuJyhpw kam-[m-\hpw t\Smw. ]c-tem-IØv
imizX kpJhpw. kzoI-cn-°mØ ]£w \ap-°n-S-bn¬ ssZhw Xs∂ Xo¿∏p Iev]n-®p-
sIm≈pw.''
as‰m-cn-°¬ \m´p aq∏-∑m-cpsS \n¿_-‘-Øn\v hgßn ZuXy-ap-t]-£n-°m≥ Xt∂m-Sm-h-iy-
s∏´ kz¥w ]nXr-hy-t\m-S-t±lw ]d™p: ""]nXrhym! he-Xp-ssI-bn¬ kqcy-s\bpw CSXp
ssIbn¬ N{µ-s\bpw Ah¿ sh®p-X-∂mepw Cu IrXy-Øn¬\n∂v Rm≥ hnc-an-°p-∂-
X√. H∂p-In¬ {]kvXpX {iaw k^-e-ambn ssZh-{]oXn t\SpI. As√-¶n¬ B am¿K-
Øn-em-bn-s°m≠v \in-°pI. c≠n-sem∂v kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc Rm\nXv XpScpw.'' {]hm-
N-Is‚ \nkvXp-e-amb \n›-b-Zm¿Vyhpw BZ¿i-\n-jvT-bp-amWv \man-hnsS ImWp-∂Xv.-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
{]hm-N-IXzw 57
t]dpI! GsXmcp P\-Øn\v th≠n At±-l-anXv sNøp-∂pthm B P\w
Is√-dn-bp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS \∑-°p-th≠n {]m¿Yn-°pI! CXn-ep-ap¬Ir-
jvShpw DZm-Ø-hp-amb Bflm¿Y-Xbpw KpW-Imw-£bpw \ap°v hn`m-h\
sNøm-\m-Iptam?
C\nbpw Nn¥n®p t\m°pI! B a\p-jy≥ Kpl-bnse GIm-¥-hmkw
hn´v ]pdØv hcp∂p˛ Hcp ]pXnb ktµ-i-hp-ambn. AtXmsS F{X hºn®
am‰-am-W-t±-l-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv! Ct∏m-g-t±lw Dcp-hn-Sp∂ hm°p-Iƒ
kmln-Xy-k-º-∂-amWv; A¿Y-Kw-`o-c-amWv; CØcw hm°p-Iƒ apºmcpw ]d-
™n-´n√. ]n∂oSpw ]d-™n-´n√. kz¥w Imhy-{]-Xn-`-bnepw {]kw-K-ssh-`-
h-Ønepw kmln-Xy-{]u-Vn-bnepw A`n-am-\n-®n-cp-∂-h-cmWv Ad-_n-Iƒ.
F∂m¬, Xm\p-cn-bm-Sp-∂Xp t]mep≈ Hcp hmIy-sa-¶nepw \n¿an-°m≥ B
\nc-£-c≥ Ah-sc-sbm-∂-S¶w sh√p-hn-fn®p. ]t£, kz¥w ]cm-Pbw kΩ-
Xn®v Ah¿ At±-l-Øns‚ apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. F¥n-t\sd,
At±-l-Øns‚ Xs∂ a‰p hN-\-ßfpw {]`m-j-W-ßfpw B {]tXyI hmIy-
ß-fpsS Kmw`o-cyhpw A¿Y-]p-jvSnbpw kuµ-cyhpw kv^pcn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-
bn-cp∂n√. At±-l-Øns‚ kz¥w hN-\-ßsf, B {]tXy-I -h-N-\-ß-tfmSv
C∂pw Xmc-Xa - y-s∏-SpØn t\m°q˛ Ah XΩn¬ hy‡-amb A¥cw ImWmw.
Hcp hnZybpw A`y-kn-®n-´n-√mØ, acp-`q-hm-kn-bmb B a\p-jy≥ ]d-
bp-hm≥ XpS-ßnb kmc-K¿`hpw A¿Y-kº - p-jvSh- p-amb hmIy-߃ apºmcpw
]d-™-h-b√. C∂m¿s°-¶nepw ]d-bpI km[y-hp-a√. At±lw Xs∂bpw,
\mev]Xp hb- n\v apºv, AØ-c-samcp hm°pw D®-cn-®n-´p-an√. Fs¥√mw
hnj-b-ß-fm-W-Xn¬ ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-´Xv! km∑m¿Kn-Ihpw [m¿an-Ihpw
kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmwk¿Kn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjv{So-bh - p-amb sshhn-
[y-am¿∂ hnj-b-߃! F∂√, a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ønse kIe {]iv\-߃
kw_-‘n®pw \nkvXp-e-amb \nb-a-߃ \nc-£-c-\mb B a\p-jys‚
\mhn¬\n∂p-Xn¿∂p hoWp. Ah-bpsS bp‡n-cl - k - y-߃ Npcp-fg- n-°p-hm≥
alm ]fin-Xc - p-sSbpw _p≤n-Po-hn-If
- p-sSbpw kwh-’c - ß
- ƒ \o≠ Nn¥bpw
Kth-j-Whpw th≠n-h∂p. temIw Kth-jW˛]T-\-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-
t¥mdpw Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb bp‡nbpw XØzhpw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X-embn shfn-
s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpamWv. Bbn-c-Øn-ap-∂q-dn¬]cw* kwh-’-c-߃
sImgn-™p-ho-sW-¶nepw At±lw sIm≠p-h∂ \nb-a-ß-fn¬ am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-
ep-Iƒ°v ]gp-tXXpw ImWp-∂n√. ]e \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Ifpw Bbncw XhW
\n¿an-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Xncp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. ]t£, Hmtcm ]co-
£-Whpw ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, \ma-am{X hnZym-`ymkw t]mepw
kn≤n-°mØ B a\p-jy≥ ]c-k-lmbw IqSmsX \S-∏m-°nb \nb-a-Øns‚
Hcp hIp-∏p-t]mepw amt‰-≠-Xmbn h∂n-´n√!
Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂p h¿jsØ Ime-L-´-Øn¬, At±lw kz¥w kz`m-h-
ta-∑-bpsS _e-Øm¬ _≤-ssh-cn-I-sf-t∏mepw Bfl an{X-ß-fm°n am‰n;
FXn-cm-fn-Isf A\p-Iq-en-Ifpw. FXn¿°m≥ I®-sI´n cwK-Øp-h∂ h≥i-
‡n-Iƒt]mepw tXm¬hn kΩ-Xn®v At±-l-Øns‚ Im¬°¬ hoWp. HSp-
hn-e-t±lw hnPbw t\Sn. At∏m-gp-a-t±lw i{Xp-°-tfmSv {]Xn-Imcw
* 1932˛-emWv auem\m auZqZn Cu {KŸw cNn-®Xv.
58 CkvemwaXw
sNbvXn√. BtcmSpw A{Iaw {]h¿Øn-®p-an√. kz¥w ]nXr-hys\ h[n®v,
Ic-sf-SpØv Nh-®p-Xp-∏n-b-h¿°v t]mepw At±lw am∏p \evIn.* Xs∂
Is√-dn-bp-Ibpw _ln-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw B´n-tbm-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿°pw
hnP-bm-\-¥cw s]mdpØpsImSpØp. Bsc-bp-a-t±lw h©n-®n√; DS-º-Sn-I-
sfm∂pw ewLn-®n√. bp≤-Øn¬ t]mepw A{Iaw ImWn-®n√. _≤-ssh-cn-
Iƒ°p IqSn At±-l-Øn-\p-ta¬ AØ-c-sam-cm-tcm-]Ww D∂-bn-°p-hm-\m-
bn√. CtX kXy-k-‘-Xbpw [¿a\n-jvTbpwsIm≠mWv apgp-h≥ Ad-_n-I-
fp-sSbpw lrZ-b-sØ-b-t±lw an\p-k-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv. ]n∂oSv AtX KpW-ß-
fpsS ]n≥_-e-Øm¬, k¿h-Zp¿Kp-W-ß-fp-sSbpw Ie-h-d-bm-bn-cp∂ B Ad-
_n-Isf, Ah-c-I-s∏´pInS∂ A⁄-Xm-‘-Im-c-Øn¬\n-∂-t±lw tamNn-∏n-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp ]cn-jvIrX kaq-l-am°n Ah-sc-b-t±lw hm¿sØ-
SpØp. Hcp hyh-ÿ°pw hg-ßm-Xn-cp∂ Ad-_n-Isf temI-N-cn-{X-Øn-ep-
Zm-l-c-W-an-√mØ \nb-a-]m-e-I-cm-°n-Øo¿Øp. Hcp `c-W-co-Xn°pw hnt[-
b-am-Im≥ Xøm-dn-√m-Xn-cp∂ Ahsc {]uV-amb Hcp `c-W-Øns‚ A\p-k-
c-W-ap≈ {]P-I-fm°n am‰n. [m¿anI˛kZm-Nmc KpW-ß-fpsS kv]¿i-ta-
ev°mØ Ahsc AXyp¬IrjvS KpW-ß-fpsS tIZm-c-am-°n-Øo¿Øp. C∂v
Ah-cpsS Ncn{Xw hmbn-°p-∂-h¿ hnkva-b-kvX-_v[cm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p. A[x-
]-X-\-Øns‚ Bg-Øn¬ InS∂ Hcp P\X Hcp a\p-jys‚ {ia-^-e-ambn,
temI-Ønse AP-ø-i-‡n-bm-hpI˛ AtXm, shdpw Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂v kwh-
’cwsIm≠v! XpS¿∂-h¿ temI-Ønse A∂sØ h≥ i‡n-I-sf-sb√mw
{lkz-ImewsIm≠v XI¿ØpIf™p. temI-Øn-\-h¿ [¿ahpw kZm-Nm-
chpw a\p-jy-Xzhpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-SpØp. Ckvem-ans‚ in£-Whpw A[ym-
]-\-ßfpw ssII-fn-te¥n B{^n-°-bnepw bqtdm-∏n-ep-a-h¿ hnP-b-t`cn
apg°n.**
CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv At±lw Ad-_n-I-fn¬ ssIh-cn® t\´-ß-sf-°p-
dn-®mWv. F∂m¬, CXn-tesd hnkva-bm-h-l-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ Bi-b-
߃ temI-amsI Df-hm-°nb ^e-߃. temI-Øns‚ Nn¥m-K-Xn-bnepw
* DlpZv bp≤-Øn¬, Ad_n tKm{X-Ø-e-h-\mb A_q-kp-^vbms‚ `mcy lnµv \_n-bpsS
]nXr-hy≥ lwk(d)bpsS Icƒ ISn®v Nh®v Acniw Xo¿Ø kw`hw.
** PA-v^-dp_v\p A_o-Xzm-en-_ns‚ Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb {]kwKw CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ {]kvXm-
hy-amWv. _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cpsS a¿Z\w kln-°-h-øm-Xm-b-t∏mƒ Ab¬cm-Py-amb
A_n-ko-\n-b-bn-te°v(C∂sØ FtXym]y) IpSn-tb-dp-hm≥ A\p-N-c-∑m-cn¬ Nne-tcmSv
\_n(k) Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. Aßs\ Hcp hn`mKw A_n-ko-\n-b-bn-te°v t]mbn.
\_n°pw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p-sa-Xn-cn¬ F¥p ISpwssIbpw sNøp-hm≥ aSn-°m-Xn-cp∂
a°m {]am-Wn-am¿ shdp-sX-bn-cp-∂n√. Ah¿ A`-bm¿Yn-Isf A\p-K-an®p. A_nko-\n-
b≥ cmPm-hmb \÷m-in-tbmSv (t\Kkv) Ahsc _em-¬°mcw aS°n Ab-°m≥ Bh-
iy-s∏´p. \_n XpS-ßn-sh® al-Ømb hnπ-h-Øn-te°v shfn®whoin-s°m≠v \÷m-in-
bpsS sIm´m-c-Øn¬ A`-bm¿Yn-I-fn-sem-cm-fmb PA-v^¿ Hcp {]kwKw sNbvXp. AXns‚
cXv\-®p-cp-°-amWv NphsS:
""A√tbm! cmPmth, R߃ hn{K-l-]q-P-I-cmb Hcp P\-X-bm-bn-cp∂p. R߃ ihw Xo\n-
I-fm-bn-cp∂p. lo\-am-b-sX¥pw sNøp-am-bn-cp∂p. _‘p-°-tfm-Sp≈ _m[yX R߃
\nd-th-‰n-bn√. Ab¬hm-kn-I-tfmSv \nµy-ambn h¿Øn®p. Zp¿_-es‚ sNe-hn¬ i‡¿
XSn-®p-sIm-gpØp. Ah-km\w Rßsf kap-≤-cn-°m≥ ssZhw Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-
Kn®p. At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-k-‘X, A¥ v, B¿Phw, Zo\m-\p-Iº XpS-ßnb KpW-߃
R߃°v kp]-cn-Nn-X-ß-fmWv. At±lw Rßsf ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn-te°v £Wn®p. hn{K-
lm-cm-[\ hne°n. kXyta ]d-bmhq F∂pw Icm¿ ]men-°-W-sa∂pw c‡-_‘w am\n-
{]hm-N-IXzw 59
BNm-c-ß-fnepw \nb-a-kw-ln-X-I-fnepw At±lw hºn® hnπhw krjvSn®p.
At±-lsØ t\Xmhpw am¿K-Z¿in-bp-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-®-h¿ am{X-a√, FXn¿Ø-
hcpw, _≤-ssh-cn-Iƒt]mepw, B kzm[o-\-Øn¬\ns∂m-gn-hm-bn√ F∂-
Xm-W-Zv`pXw. temIw ad-∂p-t]mb GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ i‡-\mb
h‡m-hmbn At±lw cwK-Øp-h-∂-tXmsS, _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw
hn{K-l-]q-P-bn-ep-a-[n-jvTn-X-amb aX-߃ t]mepw AXns‚ hml-I-cm-Im≥
\n¿_-‘n-X-cmbn. At±-l-Øns‚ [m¿anI kZm-Nmc kn≤m-¥-߃ Atß-
b‰w {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cp∂p. XZv^-e-ambn AXv A\y-k-Zm-Nmc kwln-X-I-
fn¬ h≥ kzm[o\w sNepØn. C∂pw sNep-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. \nbaw,
cmPy-X{¥w, kwkvImcw, \mK-cn-IX, imkv{Xo-b-Nn¥ XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-
fn-e-t±lw \n¿tZin® XØz-߃ XnI®pw icnbpw ]cn-]-Iz-hp-am-bn-cp∂p.
X∂n-anØw FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ t]mepw Ah sas√ sas√ ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-
hm≥ XpSßn. C∂pw ]I¿Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.*
A⁄-cmb Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬, A‘-Im-cm-hr-X-amb Hcp {]tZ-i-ØmWv
Cu a\p-jys‚ P\\w. \mev]Xp hb- p-hsc CS-b-hr-Ønbpw hym]m-c-hp-
a-√m-sXm-∂p-a-t±lw sNbvXn-´n√. hnZym-`ym-ktam in£-Wtam e`n-®n-´n√.
AΩ-´n-ep≈ Hcp a\p-jy∂v \mev]Xv XnI-™-t∏m-tg°pw Fhn-sS-\n-∂mWv
s]mSp-∂s\ Cu Ign-hp-I-f-{Xbpw kn≤n-®Xv? FhnsS\n∂m-W-t±-l-Øn\v
⁄m\w e`n-®Xv? `Wm-[n-]≥, ssk\y-\m-b-I≥, ]cn-jvI¿Ømhv, cmPy-X-
{¥-⁄≥, \nb-a-⁄≥, XØz-⁄m\n F∂o \ne-I-fn-se√mw At±lw
AZzn-Xo-b-\m-bn-cp∂p. AtX kabw Xs∂ At±lw \ni-bpsS \o≠-bm-a-
߃ ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn¬ apgp-Ip∂p. `mcym-k-¥m-\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ ISa \n¿h-
ln-°p∂p. AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ai-c-W¿°pw tkh\w sNøp∂p.* `c-Wm-[n-
°-W-sa∂pw Ab¬°m¿°v KpWw sNø-W-sa∂pw At±lw Rßsf D]-tZ-in®p.
A«oew h¿Pn-°-W-sa∂pw c‡-s®m-cn-®n¬ \n¿Ø-W-sa∂pw At±lw Rß-tfm-Sm-⁄m-
]n®p. F√m-hn[ B`m-k-ßfpw At±lw \njn-≤-am°n. If-hv]-d-b¬, A\m-Y-I-fpsS
[\w A]-l-cn-°¬, ]Xn-{h-X-I-fn¬ hy`n-Nm-c-°p‰w Npa-ج BZn-bm-b-h-sb√mw. BI-
bm¬ Rß-f-t±-lsØ hniz-kn®p; At±-lsØ ]n¥p-S¿∂p; At±lw ]d™ {]Imcw
\S-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.''-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
* B¿X¿ se\m¿Uv ]d-bp∂p: ""kXy-Øn¬, Ckvemw al-Ømb Hcp IrXy-amWv \n¿h-ln-
®Xv. a\pjy Ncn-{X-Øn¬, am®p-If - b
- m-\m-hmØ Hcp ÿm\w AXv t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p.
temIw C\nbpw hf¿∂pIgn-bp-tºmƒ am{Xta Ckvem-ans‚ ÿm\w ]q¿W-ambn AwKo-
I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp≈q.'' Hcp ap≥\nc imk-v{X-⁄-\mb tPm¨ sZh≥t]m-´ns‚ \nco-£Ww
ImWpI: ""Du¿P-X{¥w, tPymXn-ximkv{Xw, XØz-imkv{Xw, KWn-X-imkv{Xw XpSßn
]Ømw-i-XIw apX¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ ]pjvSn-{]m-]n-®p-h∂ hn⁄m\ imJ-I-sf-√mw-Xs∂,
auen-I-ambn, Atd-_y≥ Nn¥m-[m-c-I-fn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-∂-h-bm-sW∂v kΩ-
Xnt® ]‰q. kvs]bv\nse Ad-_n-Iƒ bqtdm-]y≥ XØz-Nn-¥-bpsS ]nXm-°-fmbn KWn-
°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amWv.''
Quoted by A. Karim in "ISLAM's CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION.'
hnJymX {_n´ojv Nn¥-I-\mb _¿{S‚ v d ¬ C{]-Imcw FgpXn: ""Ing-°ns‚ A[o-iXzw
ssk\nI taJ-e-bn¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√. imkv{Xw, XØz-Nn¥, Ihn-X, Ie-Iƒ˛F√mw
apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS temIØv ]pjvSn{]m]n®p. A∂v bqtdm∏v A⁄-X-bn-em≠p InS-°p-I-
bm-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, bqtdm-∏p-Im¿ am∏¿ln-°mØ Hu≤-Xy-tØmsS B Ime-L-´sØ
"Ccp≠ bpKw' F∂p hnfn®p. F∂m¬, Ccp´v bqtdm-∏n¬ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p˛Xo¿®-bmbpw,
{InkvXy≥ bqtdm-∏n¬ am{Xw. ImcWw, A∂v apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn-em-bn-cp∂
kvs]bn-\n¬ DPz-e-amb Hcp \mK-cn-IX \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p.'' PAKISTAN QUARTERLY-Vol. IV.
No. 3.
60 CkvemwaXw
Imcw ssIbn¬ h∂n´pw shdp-samcp Zcn-{Z-s\-t∏mse Pohn-°p∂p; ]\-
tbm-e-sIm-≠p-≠m-°nb ]cp-]-cpØ ]mb-bn-ep-d-ßp∂p; ]cp-°≥ hkv{X-
߃ [cn-°p∂p. efn-X-amb Blmcw am{Xw Ign-°p∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ ]´nWn
InS-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
Cu tbmKy-XI - s
- f√mw AWn-\n-cØ
- n-s°m≠v, Xm≥ Hc-am-\p-j\- m-sW∂v
At±lw hmZn®p F∂p sh°pI. F¶n¬ B¿°mWv AXv Jfin-°p-hm≥
Ign-bpI? F∂m¬ kXy-k‘ - \
- mb B a\p-jy≥ F¥mWv ]d-™s - Xt∂m?
H∂pw Xt‚-X-s√∂v! F√mw ssZh-Øns‚-Xm-sW∂v! Rm≥ \nß-fpsS
apºn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂ Cu \nkvXpe hmIy-߃˛ GsXm-∂n\v Xpey-ambn
Hcp -hm-Iy-sa-¶nepw cNn-°p-∂-Xn¬ temIw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´pthm B hmIy-
߃˛ Rm≥ kzbw cNn-®-h-b√; Fs‚ {]Xn-`-bpsS ^e-a√; Ah ssZh-
Øns‚ hmIy-ß-fmWv. Ah-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ k¿h _lp-a-Xnbpw ssZh-
Øn-∂mWv; Rm≥ sNøp∂ Imcy-ß-fm-Is´, Fs‚ kz¥w bp‡n-bp-sSbpw
{]m]vXn-bp-sSbpw ^e-a√. ssZh-\n¿tZiw A\p-k-cn-®p-≈h am{X-amWv.
Nn¥n®p t\m°pI: C{Xbpw kXy-k-‘-\mb a\p-jy≥ {]hm-N-I-\mWv
F∂ Imcyw Fßs\ \ntj-[n°pw? At±-l-Øns‚ tbmKy-X-Ifpw Ign-hp-
Ifpw I¿a-ßfpw ap≥\n¿Øn XØp-ey-\mb as‰mcp hy‡nsb temI Ncn-
{X-Øn¬ Is≠-Øm-\m-hptam?** C{X-sbms° tbmKy-X-I-fp-≠m-bn´pw
AXn¬ Al-¶c - n-°p-Itbm AXns‚ _lp-aXn kzbw Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sp-Itbm
sNøp-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Ah X\n°v {]Zm\w sNbvX ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xm-sW∂v
Xpd∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-I-bmWv At±lw. F∂n-cns°, At±-l-Øn¬ hniz-
kn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ F¥p-Im-c-W-am-Wp-≈Xv? kz¥w tbmKy-X-I-sf-∏‰n
"CsX√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv' F∂v At±lw ]d-bp-tºmƒ "A√, CsX√mw
hnJymX Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb tdm_¿´v {_nt^mƒ´v Xs‚ "THE MAKING OF HISTORY' F∂ {KŸ-
Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p: Ad-_n-I-fn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xß-fpsS ap≥Im-em-h-ÿ-Iƒ AXn-P-bn-
°p-hm≥ klm-bn® KpW-ß-fpƒs°m-≈p-hm≥ bqtdm-]y≥ \mK-cn-I-X°v an°-hmdpw Ign-
bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. Imc-W-ap≠v: Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-IX IS∂p sN√mØ Hcp taJ-ebpw
Is≠-ØpI km[y-a-s√-¶nepw B[p-\nI bpK-Øns‚ \n¿Wm-bI i‡nbpw am\-hnI
t\´-ß-fpsS apJy-t{km-X- p-amb imkv{Xob Nn¥-bp-sSbpw {]Ir-Xn-im-kv{X-im-J-I-fp-
sSbpw taJ-e-bn¬ AXv sNep-Ønb kzm[o\w as‰m-∂nepw A{X {]I-S-a√ F∂p-thWw
Icp-Xm≥. "kb≥kv' F∂v \mw hnfn-°p-∂Xv Hcp ]pXnb At\z-jW ssNX-\y-Øns‚
^e-am-bn-cp∂p˛Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ]pXnb coXn-Iƒ, ]co-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw \nco-£-W-Øn-
s‚bpw ]cn-am-W-Øn-s‚-bp-amb ]pXnb ]pXnb ssien-Iƒ; KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øn¬ {Ko°p-
Im¿°p-t]m-ep-a-⁄m-X-amb cq]-Øn-ep≈ ]pXnb Im¬sh-∏p-Iƒ°m-bp≈ At\z-j-W-
Xzc. B ssNX-\yhpw B coXn-Ifpw bqtdm-]y¿°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Ad-_n-I-fmWv.''
t{]m{K- ohv FUp-t°-j≥ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ ÿm]-I-\mb Ãm≥hpUv tIm_v ]d-bp∂p:
""bqtdm-∏n-ep-≠mb ssh⁄m-\nI \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ImcWw Ckvemw Bbn-
cp∂p.''(Quoted by Robert. L.Gullick Jr. in 'Mohammad the Educator')-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
* {]hm-N-I-s\m-cn-°¬ ]d™p: ""IS-°m-c-\mbn ac-W-a-S-bm-\n-S-bp≈, As√-¶n¬, ac-W-
tijw _‘p-°sf \ncm-ew-_-\m-°n-tb-°m-hp∂ h√-h-cp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Fs∂ kao-]n-°s´.
Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw c£m-I¿Øm-hmWv Rm≥.''- Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS PohnXw CXn∂v DØa km£n-
bs{X.-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
** temI-Ønse \qdp alm-∑msc "The hundreds''F∂ {KŸ-Øn-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb
ssa°¬ F®v. lm¿´v {]Ya ÿm\w \evIn-bXv apl-ΩZv\_n-°m-sW-t∂m¿°pI.
˛ {]km-[-I¿
{]hm-N-IXzw 61
\ns‚- X-e-bn¬\n∂v Xs∂ DZv`-hn-®-XmWv' F∂v \msa-¥n\v ]d-bWw?
I]-S-∑m¿ A\y-cpsS tbmKy-X-Iƒ t]mepw kz¥-am-°n-Øo¿°m-\mWv {ian-
°pI. F∂m¬, At±-l-am-Is´, Xt‚-sX∂v \njv{]-bmkw hmZn-°m-hp∂
tbmKy-X-Iƒ t]mepw kz¥-sa-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n√. {]kvXpX tbmKy-X-Iƒ
At±-l-Øn∂v e`n-°p∂ am¿K-sØ-∏‰n a‰m¿°p-a-dn-™p-IqSm. XZ-Sn-ÿm-
\-Øn¬ Hc-am-\p-j-\m-sW∂v hmZn-®m¬ t]mepw Bsc-Xn¿°m≥? F∂n´pw
AX-t±lw ]d-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ At±-ls - Ø-°mƒ henb kXy-hm≥ a‰m-cmWv?
Ct±-l-at{X, \ΩpsS t\Xmhv. k¿h-tem-I-Øn-∂p-ap≈ {]hm-N-I-\mb
apl-ΩZv apkvX^m Xncp-ta\n(k). At±-l-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-\p≈
sXfnhv At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-\n-jvT-bmWv. At±-l-Øns‚ al-XvIr-Xy-
߃°pw kz`mhta∑°pw PohnX hnip-≤n°pw Ncn{Xw km£n-bmWv. lrZ-
b-ip-≤n-tbmSpw kXy-k-‘-X-tbmSpw \oXn-t_m-[-tØmSpw IqSn B Ncn{Xw
]Tn-°p∂ GXv \njv]-£\pw At±lw Hcp {]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂-sb∂v kΩ-
Xn°pw. At±lw temI-k-a£w ka¿∏n® ssZh-hm-Iy-ß-fpsS kam-lm-c-
amWv ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B≥. Xpd∂ lrZ-b-tØmsS, t_m[-]q¿hw B {KŸw
]mcm-bWw sNøp∂ Bcpw AXv \n w-i-b-ambpw Hcp ssZhnI {KŸ-am-
sW∂v ]d-bm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\mhpw. AØ-c-samcp {KŸw cNn-°pI a\pjy
Ign-hn-∂-Xo-X-am-sW∂pw Abm-fw-Ko-I-cn-t°-≠n-hcpw.
{]hm-N-IXz ]cn-k-am]vXn˛sXfn-hp-Iƒ
C∂v Ckvem-ans\ bYm-hn[n Adn-bp-hm-\p≈ GI-am¿Kw hnip≤ Jp¿-
B\pw {]hm-NI Ncy-bp-amWv. apl-ΩZv\_n apgp-h≥ a\p-jy¿°p-ap≈ {]hm-
N-I-\mWv. At±-l-tØm-Sp-IqSn {]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc ssZhw F∂-t∂-°p-
ambn Ah-km-\n-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p. ssZhw Xs‚ Zmk-∑m¿°v \evIm-\p-t±-in-
®n-cp∂ kIe \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw A¥y {]hm-N-I≥ hgn \evIn-°-gn-™n-cn-
°p∂p. Cu {]hm-NI - \
- n¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-lsØ A\p-Ka - n-°p-Ibpw
sNtø-≠Xv kXym-t\z-jn-Ifpw bYm¿Y ssZh-Zm-k-∑m-cm-bn-cn-°m≥ Dt±-
in-°p-∂-h-cp-amb F√m-h¿°pw \n¿_-‘-amWv.
"{]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ apºv \n߃
Nne Imcy-߃ {Kln-®p-ht√m. A°m-cy-߃ apºn¬sh®v Nn¥n-®m¬ {]hm-
N-I≥ Zn\w {]Xn P\n-°b - n-s√∂pw Hmtcm kap-Zm-bØ - nepw Ft∏mgpw {]hm-
N-I≥am¿ htc≠ Bh-iy-an-s√∂pw a\- n-em°mw. Hcp {]hm-N-Is‚
PohnXw At±-l-Øns‚ A[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS Pohn-°p∂ amXr-I-bm-bn-cn°pw.
B A[ym-]-\-߃ \ne-\n-ev°p∂ Ime-tØmfw {]hm-N-I≥ Pohn-®n-cn-
°p∂p F∂-XmWv ^ew. Cu ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬, apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS ap≥Km-
an-I-fmb {]hm-N-I-∑m-cmcpw Pohn-®n-cn-∏n√. Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-߃
bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ \ne-hn-en√ F∂Xp Xs∂ ImcWw. Ah-cpsS A\p-
bm-bn-Iƒ Ah-bpsS cq]w am‰n-°f - ™
- n-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿ sIm≠p-h∂ ssZh
{KŸ-ß-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw bYm¿Y cq]-Øn-en-∂n√. B {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS
A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p-t]mepw Aß-s\-bp-s≠∂v hmZ-an√. kz¥w {]hm-N-I-
∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-N-cy-Iƒ t]mepw Ah¿ ad∂p. ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-
fp-sSbpw bYm¿Yhpw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-hp-amb Pohn-X-Ncy Cs∂-hn-sSbpw
e`y-a√. FhnsS, Ft∏mƒ P\n®p; Fs¥ms° {]h¿Øn®p; Fßs\
62 CkvemwaXw
Pohn®p; Fs¥√mw \n¿tZ-in®p; Fs¥√mw \ntcm-[n®p˛CsXm∂pw Ah-
sc -kw-_-‘n®v Dd-∏n®p ]d-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv\_n C∂pw
Pohn-®n-cn-∏p≠v! ImcWw, At±-l-Øns‚ in£W \n¿tZi-ßfpw Pohn-X-
N-cy-Ifpw C∂pw \ne-\n-ev°p∂p. At±lw sIm≠p-h∂ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥
AXns‚ bYm¿Y A£-c-ß-tfmsS C∂p-ap≠v. AXn-semcp am‰hpw kw`-
hn-®n-´n√. {]hm-N-Is‚ hm°pw {]hr-Ønbpw Ncy-bp-sa√mw kpc-£n-X-am-
bn-cn-°p-∂p≠v. Bbn-c-Øn-ap-∂q-dn¬]cw kwh-’-c-߃°p tijhpw \mw
Xncp-ta-\nsb t\cn¬ ImWp-∂Xp t]mse, Ah-bpsS sXfn™ Nn{Xw Ncn-
{X-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏´p InS-∏p≠v. apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS PohnXw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb
A{X kpc-£n-X-ambpw kq£va-ambpw as‰mcp alm-]p-cp-j-s‚bpw PohnXw
Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n√. Pohn-X-Ønse GXp kµ¿`-Øn\pw GXv
{]iv\-Øn\pw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂v \ap-s°mcp amXrI
e`n°pw. apl-ΩZv\_n°v tijw as‰mcp {]hm-N-I≥ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂-Xn\v
Cu sXfn-hp-Iƒ Xs∂ [mcm-f-amWv.
Hcp {]hm-NI- ∂
- p-tijw as‰mcp {]hm-NI - s‚ BK-a\ - Ø
- n\v aq∂n-semcp
ImcWw D≠m-hmsX hø. H∂v: BZy {]hm-N-Is‚ A[ym-]-\-߃ \mam-
h-ti-j-am-bn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw Ahsb ]p\¿Po-hn-∏n-t°≠ Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-
Ibpw sNøpI. c≠v:- BZy {]hm-N-Is‚ in£Ww A]q¿W-am-hp-Ibpw
AXn-\m¬ AXn¬ t`Z-KX - ntbm Iq´n-t®¿°tem \S-tØ-≠X - mbn hcn-Ibpw
sNøpI. aq∂v:- BZy {]hm-N-Is‚ in£-W-߃ Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-
Øn\v am{X-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\m¬ a‰p kap-Zm-b-߃°v thsd {]hm-
N-I≥ Bh-iy-ambn hcn-Ibpw sNøpI.* Cu aq∂p Imc-W-ß-fn-sem-∂p-
t]mepw Ct∏m-g-h-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.
H∂m-a-Xmbn, apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)bpsS A[ym-]-\-߃ C∂pw kpc-£n-
Xhpw kPo-h-hp-ambn \ne-\n-ev°p-∂p≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ auenI hnizm-
k-I¿a-ß-sf-s¥m-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p; \n¿tZi-ß-sf-¥m-bn-cp∂p; At±lw \S-
∏m-°nb PohnX coXn-tbXv; \in-∏n-®-h-tbXv˛XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ GX-h-
k-c-Ønepw \njv{]-bmkw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ am¿K-߃ kpc-£n-X-
ambn \ne-hn-ep≠v. B \ne°v XZzn-j-b-I-ambn as‰mcp {]hm-N-Is‚
Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-∂n√. c≠m-a-X-mbn, apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) aptJ\ temI-Øn\v
Ckvem-ans‚ ]cn-]q¿W in£Ww \evI-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. C\n-b-Xn¬ h√Xpw
Iq´p-Itbm Ipd-bv°p-Itbm sNtø-≠X - n√. t`Z-KX
- nbpw Bh-iy-an√. as‰mcp
{]hm-N-I≥ h∂v ]cn-l-cn-t°≠ Hcp \yq\Xbpw AXn-∂n√. AXn-\m¬,
c≠m-asØ Imc-Whpw \ne-hn-en√.** aq∂m-a-Xmbn, Xncp-ta\n Hcp {]tXyI
kap-Zm-b-Ønt\m cmjv{S-Ønt\m am{X-a√, k¿h temI-Øn-\p-ap≈ {]hm-
N-I-\m-bn-´mWv \ntbm-Kn-X-\m-bXv. kIe a\p-jy¿°pw At±-lØns‚
in£-Ww-Xs∂ [mcmfw aXn. AXn-\m¬, C\n Hcp kap-Zmb-Ønt\m cmPy-
Ønt\m th≠n Hcp {]hm-N-I≥ htc≠ Bhiyw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.
* Hcp {]hm-N-Is‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ Abm-fpsS klm-b-Øn-\mbn as‰mcp {]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-
Kn-°p-I-sb∂ \mem-a-sXmcp cq]hpw km[y-amWv. ]t£, Rm\Xv hn´p-I-f-bm≥ ImcWw,
hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ AXn\p c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-tf-bp≈q F∂-XmWv. klm-bn-I-fmb {]hm-
N-I-∑msc \ntbm-Kn-°¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ Hcp s]mXp \nb-a-am-sW∂v B c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-
߃sIm≠v am{Xw sXfn-bp-I-bn√.- ˛{KŸ-Im-c≥
** ]pXn-sbmcp ZuXy-Øn\v Hcp \n›n-X-Imew Ign-™m¬ aXn F∂v Nne¿ ]d-bp∂p. ]Xn-
{]hm-N-IXzw 63
X∑qew aq∂m-asØ Imc-W-Øn\pw {]k-‡n-bn√.
CXp-sIm-≠mWv apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)sb hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ""JmØ-ap-∂-
_n-øo≥''F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xv. "{]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc Ah-km-\n-∏n-®-
h≥' F∂m-W-Xn-∂¿Yw.* C\n, apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-bpsS am¿Kw kzbw ]n¥p-S-
cp-Ibpw temIsØ AXn-te°v £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp P\-X-bm-
Wm-hiyw. apl-ΩZ- v\_n sIm≠p-h∂ \nb-aß - ƒ \S-∏m-°p∂ Hcp hyhÿ
ÿm]n-°p-∂X - n-\mbn k¿h-hn[ XymK-ßfpw hcn-°m≥ k∂-≤X - b
- p≈ Hcp
P\X.
hnizmkImcy-߃
aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv Ah-X-cn® Hcp aXw A{]m-tbm-Kn-Ihpw Ime-l-c-W-s∏-´Xpw
]pXp-bp-K-Øns‚ Bh-iy-߃ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ A{]m-]vX-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂m-W-h-cpsS
hmZw. XnI®pw ASn-ÿm\ cln-X-am-WnXv. Imc-W-߃ ]dbmw:
1. Ckvem-anI in£-W-߃ imiz-X-amWv. ImcWw, `qX˛`mhn˛ h¿Ø-am-\-ß-f-dn-bp∂ ssZh-
amWv Ah Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv. `mhn-bpsS Ahy-‡-amb Ihm-S-Øn-te-s°-Øn-t\m-°m≥ ]cn-
an-Xn-I-fp≈ a\p-jy-Zr-jvSnt° Ign-bm-Xp≈q. ÿe-Ime ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°-Xo-X-\mb ssZhw
Aß-s\-b√.
2. Ckvemw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amWv. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-°m-Is´ am‰-an√. ]ucm-WnI
a\p-jys‚ AtX aqi-bn¬Ø-s∂-bmWv a\p-jy-sc√mw hm¿°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. a\p-jys‚
auenI {]Ir-Xn°v am‰-an√.
3. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ imiz-Xn-I-X-bp-sSbpw am‰-Øn-s‚bpw LS-I-߃°n-S-bn¬ kpµ-c-
amb Hcp kao-I-c-W-ap≠v. F√mw imiz-X-a√. F√mw am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-hp-a√. ASn-ÿm\
{]am-W-ßfpw auen-I-aq-ey-ßfpw am‰sØ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn√. _mly-cq-]-ß-fmWv Ime-
Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v amdp-∂Xv. ]cn-K-W-\o-b-amb Nne XØz-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ am‰n-bn-´p-
≈Xpw Ah-Xs∂. imiz-Xn-IX, am‰w˛ Ch c≠n-s‚bpw Bh-iy-߃ Ckvemw \nh¿Øn-
®n-´p≠v. Ckvem-ans‚ imizX XØz-ß-fmWv Jp¿-B-\nepw kp∂-Øn-ep-ap-≈Xv. AXXv
ImesØ Bh-iy-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v Ah {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv CPvXn-lm-Zn-eq-sS-bmWv. Pohn-
X-Øns‚ auenI XØz-߃°pw imizX aqey-߃°pw A\p-kr-X-ambn a\p-jy-k-aq-l-
Øns‚ imiz-X-amb hnIm-k-Øn-∂-\p-cq-]-amb Ahn-I-e-am-sbmcp hyhÿ sI´n-∏-SpØ
GI-aXw Ckvem-at{X.
4. imkv{Xo-b-ambn t\m°n-bmepw `qan-bn¬ a\p-tjym¬]Øn DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp-sh® AtX-
bp-K-Øn-emWv a\p-jy≥ C∂pw Pohn-°p-∂Xv. a\pjy Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]kvXpX Xe-Øn¬
]d-b-Ø° bmsXmcp am‰hpw kw`-hn-®n-´n√. \mK-cn-I-X-Iƒ DZv`-hn-°p-Ibpw AkvX-an-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kwkvIm-c-߃ \msº-Sp-°p-Ibpw Nc-a-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. km{am-
Py-߃ P∑-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw Nmº-em-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶nepw, Imew {]m]-©nI ]cn-
Wm-a-Øns‚ al-Ømb irwJ-e-bn¬ ]Xn-hn≥]Sn \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. AXn-\m¬ \q‰m-≠p-
Iƒ°p apºv \evI-s∏-s´mcp \nba kwlnX Imew sN√pt¥mdpw A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn-
Øocpw F∂ hmZw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-Xhpw A_-≤-P-Sn-e-hp-amWv.
* \_n(k)]d-bp∂p: F\n-°p-tijw C\n-sbmcp {]hm-N-I≥ D≠m-Ip-∂X√.'' as‰m-cn-°¬
At±lw ]d™p: ""Fs‚bpw F\n°v apºp-≈-h-cp-sSbpw D]-a-bn-XmWv: Hcmƒ Hcp aµncw
]WnXp. AXns\ kpµ-chpw kp`-K-hp-am°n. ]t£, Hcp aqe-°-√ns‚ ÿm\w Hgn-hm-°n-
sh®p. P\-߃ AXns\ {]Z-£nWw sh°p-Ibpw AXns‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-bn¬ AZv`pXw
Iqdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¥p-sIm≠v Hcp I√p-IqSn sh®n√ F∂-h¿ tNmZn®p. B I√v
Rm\m-Ip∂p. Rm\t{X, A¥y-{]-hm-N-I≥.'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw).-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
4
hn izm-k -Im-cy-ß-fn-te°v IS-°p-∂-Xn\p apºmbn Ign™ A[ym-b-ß-
fn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn® Imcy-߃ H∂p-IqSn ]cn-tim-[n°mw.
1. "Ckvem-ans‚ A¿Yw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ A\p-k-cWw, Iogvh-W°w
Fs∂m-s°-bmWv. ssZh-Øns‚ kØ, KpW-߃, ssZh-am¿Kw, ]c-temIw
F∂n-hs - b-°p-dn®v icn-bmb ⁄m\an√msX "Ckvemw' Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hn√.
Cu ⁄m\w ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-NI - ∑- m¿ aptJ\ am{Xta e`n°q. At∏mƒ,
"Ckveman's‚ icn-bmb \n¿h-N\w"{]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-®p-
sIm≠pw {]hm-NI amXrI ]n≥]-‰n-s°m≠pw ssZh-Zm-k-\mbn Pohn-°pI'
F∂m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. {]hm-N-Is‚ klm-b-an-√msX t\cn´v ssZhsØ A\p-
k-cn-°p∂p F∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h≥ Hcn-°epw apkven-a√.
2. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw sht∆sd {]hm-N-I-∑m¿
h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p˛Htc kap-Zm-b-Øn¬Øs∂ Hcmƒ°v tijw as‰m-cmƒ
F∂ \ne-bn¬. A°m-eØv, Hmtcm kap-Zm-bsØ kw_-‘n®pw "Ckvemw'
F∂Xv AXXv kap-Zm-bØ - nse {]hm-NI - ∑
- m¿ Ah-cn¬ {]t_m-[\w sNbvX
aX-Øns‚ t]cm-bn-cp∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ auenI XØz-߃ F√m ImeØpw
F√m cmPyØpw H∂p-Xs∂ Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw \nba-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw
Bcm-[\ - m-am¿K-ßfpw* hn`n-∂ß - f- m-bn-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬, Hcp kap-Zm-bØ - n\v
B kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°v \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ am{Xta hniz-kn-
t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p≈q. CXc kap-Zm-bß - f - nse {]hm-NI
- ∑
- msc A\p-Ka - n-t°≠
Bhiyap≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.
3. apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k), F√m a\p-jy-k-aq-l-߃°p-ap≈ {]hm-N-I-\mbn
\ntbm-Kn-°s - ∏-Sp-Ibpw At±lw aptJ\ Ckvemw ]q¿Øo-Ic - n-°s
- ∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w temI-Øn\v apgp-h-\p-ambn Htc "ico-AØv' \evI-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w temI-Øn\v apgp-h-\p-ambn Htc "ico-
AØv' \evI-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-bpsS ZuXyw Hcp {]tXyI
kap-Zm-b-Ønt\m Hcp {]tXyI cmPy-Ønt\m D≈-X√. Hcp {]tXyI Ime-
tØ°v am{X-hp-a√. adn®v, apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\pap≈-XmWv; F√m
Ime-tØ-°p-ap-≈-XmWv. ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ sIm-≠p-h∂ ico-A-Øp-I-
sf√mw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS BK-a-\-tØmsS Zp¿_-e-s∏´p. C\n temIm-h-km\w
hsc as‰mcp {]hm-N-I≥ hcn√. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v as‰mcp PohnX ]≤Xn
Ah-X-cn-°-bp-an√. AXn-\m¬, Ct∏mƒ "Ckvemw' F∂Xv apl-ΩZv\_n
*Ckvem-ans‚ kmt¶-XnI `mj-bn¬"ico-AØv'.
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 65
sIm≠p-h∂ Zo\ns‚ am{Xw t]cmWv. apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS {]hm-N-IXzw
AwKo-Ic- n-°p-Ibpw At±lw \n¿tZ-in® Imcy-ßf - n-se√mw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw,
At±-l-Øns‚ B⁄-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xm-sW∂v kΩ-Xn®v Ahsb
k¿hm-fl\m A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\mWv C∂v "Ckvemw' F∂v
]d-bp-∂Xv. apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ \n¿_-‘-]q¿hw hniz-kn-t°-≠tXm, hniz-
kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Im^n-dm-bn-t∏m-Ip-sa∂v `b-t°-≠tXm Bb Hcp {]hm-
N-I\pw C\n hcm-\n√.
C{Xbpw Imcy-ß-fmWv ap≥ A[ym-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®Xv. C\n, apl-
Ω-Zv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°m-\m-hi- y-s∏´ Imcy-ßs- f-s¥∂pw Ah F{X-am{Xw
bp‡n`{Z-am-sW∂pw At\z-jn°mw.
ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw
apl-ΩZ- v\_n(k)bpsS {]Y-ahpw auen-Ih - p-amb A[ym-]\w "emC-eml
C√-√mlp' F∂-Xs{X. A√m-lp-h-√msX thsd Hcn-em-lp-an√ F∂mWo
hmIy-Øn-\¿Yw. Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\-amWo hmIyw. Hcp apkven-ans\
Ahn-izm-kn-bn¬\n∂pw _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-bn¬\n∂pw \mkvXn-I-
\n¬\n∂pw th¿Xn-cn-®p-\n¿Øp-∂Xv Cu hmIy-amWv. Cu hmIyw kΩ-Xn-
°p-∂-hcpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-hcpw XΩn¬ `oa-amb hyXymkw D≠m-bn-Øo-
cp∂p. AXv kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-h¿ Hcp hn`m-Khpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h¿ as‰mcp
hn`m-Khpambn-am-dp∂p. AXv kzoI-cn-°p-∂h
- ¿°v Cl˛]c-tem-Iß - f
- n¬ hnP-
bhpw tam£-hp-ap≠v. Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°m-Is´ ]cm-P-bhpw lo\-Xzhpw
am{Xhpw.
a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ kwPm-X-am-Ip∂ Cu h≥ A¥cw "emw', "Aen^v',
"lm' F∂o A£-c-߃ IqSn-t®¿∂ Hcp ]Zw D®-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ am{Xw
^e-a√. "Iz\o≥' F∂ ]Zw e£w XhW Dcp-hn-´mepw ]\n hn´p-am-d-W-
sa-¶n¬ AXv tkhn-°pI Xs∂ thW-at√m. AXp-t]mse ""em Ceml
C√-√mlp''F∂v Dcp-hn-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v am{Xw ^e-sam-∂p-an√. Xm\p-®-cn-°p-
∂-Xns‚ A¿Yhpw AXp-hgn Xm≥ kzbw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-I-fpsS
Kuc-hhpw X∂n¬ h∂ptNcp∂ _m[y-X-I-fpsS `mchpw kw_-‘n®v
XnI™ t_m[-ap-s≠-¶nte AXp-sIm≠v ^e-ap≈q. Cu hmIyw kzoI-cn-
°p-∂h - cpw Xnc-kvIc
- n-°p-∂h
- cpw XΩn¬ A¥-ca - p-≠m-Ip-hm\pw thWw Nne
Imcy-߃: D®-cn-°p∂ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw lrZ-b-Øn¬ thcq-∂Ww;
AXn¬ ZrV-hn-izm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww; hncp≤ hnizm-k-ß-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-
am-hp-Ibpw thWw. "A·n Icn-°p-∂-XmWv', "hnjw amc-I-amWv' XpS-ßnb
Bi-b-߃ \ΩpsS a\- n-ep-≠m-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp hnIm-c-sa-¶nepw
{]kvXpX hmIyØn\pap-≠m-IWw. A·n-bpsS {]Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn® hnizm-
kw ASp-∏n¬ ssIbn-Sp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v \sΩ XS-bp∂p; hnj-Øns‚ kz`m-h-
Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw AXv Ign-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v \sΩ hne-°p∂p. AXp-
t]mse "em Ceml C√-√mlp' F∂ hnip-≤- hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw
_lp-ssZ-hXzw, Ahn-izmkw, \mkvXn-IX XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS AXn-\n- m-c-
amb Awi-ß-fn¬\n∂v t]mepw \sΩ ip≤o-I-cn-t°-≠-XmWv.
hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw
66 CkvemwaXw
BZy-ambn "Cemlv' F∂ ]Zw FSp-°pI. "C_m-Z-Øn-∂¿l-\m-b-h≥'
F∂m-W-Xn-∂¿Yw. k¿thm-]-cn-bmb {]Xm] i‡n-bp-sS-bpw Hu∂-Xy-Øn-
s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw
ASn-a-hrØn sNø-s∏-Sp-hm\pw `b-`‡n _lp-am-\-ß-tfmsS inc- p-Iƒ
Ip\n-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw A¿l-X-bp-≈-h≥ F∂v kmcw. a\p-jy-_p-≤nsb Aº-
c-∏n-°-Ø-°-hn[w hn]p-e-amb i‡namlm-fly-ap-≈-h≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw
"Cemlv' F∂ ]Zw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. temI-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°fpw
B{i-bn-°p-∂h - \pw kI-ecpw klm-ba - ¿Yn-°p-∂h
- \pw AtXm-sSm∏w Bcp-
sSbpw B{ibw Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-h\pw Bb i‡n F∂ Bi-bhpw
"Cemln'eS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. AZr-iy≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw AXn-e-¥¿`-hn®p InS-
°p∂p. a\p-tjy-{µn-b-߃°v ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w Ign-hp-Iƒ tKm]y-
am-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-s\bpw "Cemlv' F∂p ]dbpw. t]¿jy\n¬ "JpZm' F∂pw
lnµn-bn¬ "tZhX' F∂pw Cw•o-jn¬ "tKmUv'F∂pw ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚
A¿Yhpw GXm≠v CXp Xs∂. temI-Ønse CXc -`m-j-I-fnepw Cu
Bibw [z\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ {]tXyIw hm°p-I-fp≠v.*
"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw GIssZh-Øn-\p≈ {]tXyI \ma-amWv. At∏mƒ
"em Ceml C√-√mlp' F∂ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw A√mlp F∂ t]tcm-
Sp-Iq-Snb GI-ssZ-h-sam-gn®v thsdmcp "Cem-ln√' F∂mbn. AXm-bXv, ]qP-
°¿l-\mbn A√m-lp-h-√msX a‰m-cp-an√. Bcm-[\, ASn-a-hrØn, A\p-k-
cWw F∂o cq]-Ønepw Xe-Ip-\n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ A¿l-\mbn Ah-\-√msX
a‰m-cp-an√; DS-a-ÿ\pw hn[n-I¿Ømhpw Ah≥ am{X-amWv; kIe hkvXp-
°fpw Ahs‚ B{in-X-cmWv. kI-ecpw Ah-t\mSv am{Xw klm-b-a¿Yn-
°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv. Ah≥ AZr-iy-\mWv.- CsXm-s°-bm-W-Xp-sIm-
≠p≈ hnh£.
hnip-≤ -hm-Iy-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ
hnip-≤ hm-Iy-Ønse ]Z-ß-fpsS A¿Yw am{X-am-Wn-∏-d-™Xv. C\n
AXns‚ s]mcp-sf-¥m-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]pcm-X\ Ncn-{Xhpw ]ucm-
WnI P\-X-Xn-I-fpsS kvamcI Nn”-ßfpw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp hkvXp-
X-bp≠v: a\p-jy≥ F°m-eØpw ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn®v AXns\ Bcm-[n-
®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-WXv. C∂v Pohn-°p∂ ]cn-jvIr-Xcpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-cp-amb
kap-Zm-b-ß-sfm-s°bpw GtXm coXn-bn¬ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ssZhsØ
Bcm-[n-°p-∂-h-cp-amWv. CXv ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥ a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-
bn¬ \neo-\-amb H∂m-sW∂v hy‡-am-°p∂p. Hcp i‡nsb ssZh-ambn
kzoI-cn®v AXns\ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ Hcp t{]cI i‡n
a\p-jy-\n¬ {]IrXym Xs∂-bp≠v. F¥mWv Cu t{]c-I-i‡n? kz¥w
AkvXn-Xz-sØbpw a‰p a\p-jy-cpsS ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-I-sfbpw kkq£vaw ]Tn-
®m¬ B tNmZy-Øn-∂p-Øcw ImWmw.
a\p-jy≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Hc-Sn-a-bm-bn-´mWv P\n-°p-∂Xv. Ah≥ {]Ir-
Xym-Xs∂ _e-lo-\\pw B{in-X-\p-amWv. Xs‚ AkvXnXzw \ne-\n¿Øn-
* DZm-l-c-W-ambn {Ko°v `mj-bn¬ Oeo's F∂pw em‰n-\n¬ Deus F∂pw tKmØn-°n¬ Guth
F∂pw P¿a\n¬ Goth F∂pw BWv ]d-bpI(F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb {_n´m-\n°, hmfyw
10, t]Pv 46, Nn°mtKm˛1056)
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 67
t∏m-cm≥ Bh-iy-amb \nc-h[n hkvXp-°f - p≠v. F∂m¬, Ah-sbm∂pw Ah-
∂-[o-\a - √. Ah kzbw Ah∂v e`n-°p-Ib - mWv; AXp-t]mse Ah-\n¬\n∂v
A]-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw. Ah-∂p-]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb F{Xtbm hkvXp-°-fp≠v.
Ah Ic-ÿ-am-°m≥ Ah≥ Dt±-in-°p∂p; Ah Nne-t∏mƒ Ah∂v e`n-
°p∂p. a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ \ntj-[n-°s - ∏-Sp∂p. ImcWw, Ah Xo¿Øpw Ahs‚
A[n-Im-c-Øn-e√.
Ah∂v tZmjhpw \jvShpw hcp-Øp∂ Nne Imcy-ß-fp≠v. Ahs‚
PohnX kºmZyw apgp-h≥ \nan-j-t\cwsIm≠v \in-∏n-°m≥ Icp-Øp-≈h;
Ahs‚ Bi-Ifpw {]Xo-£-Ifpw Ah XI¿ØpIf-bp∂p. Ahs\ tcmK-
Ønepw B]-Øp-I-fn-ep-a-I-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. Ahsb XSp-°-W-sa-∂-h-∂m-{K-
l-ap≠v. ]t£, Ft∏m-gp-aXv km[n-°p-∂n√. X∑qew Ah-sbm∂pw Xs‚
A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-bntem Ign-hntem s]´-X-s√∂ Hcp [mcW Ah-\n¬ thcq-
∂p∂p.
Nne hkvXp-°ƒ Ahs\ `b-hn-lz-e\pw ]cm-PnX a\-kvI-\p-am-°p∂p.
DØpw-K-amb ]¿h-X-߃; h≥ \Zn-Iƒ; `oam-Im-c-∑m-cmb P¥p-°ƒ; sImSp-
¶m‰v; {]fbw; `qIºw; taL-K¿P\w; Icm-f-amb A‘-Imcw; IÆ-©n-°p∂
an∂¬ ]nW-cp-Iƒ; tXmcmØ t]amcn; Pzen-°p∂ kqcy-tKmfw; {]` hnX-
dp∂ N{µ≥; an∂n-Øn-fß - p∂ \£-{X-߃˛ Aß-s\-sb-{Xtbm {]m]-©nI
hkvXp-°ƒ Ah≥ ImWp∂p. Xs∂-°mƒ F{Xtbm A[nIw hep-∏hpw
i‡nbpw {]Xm-]-hp-ap-≈h. Ah-bpsS apºn¬ Xm≥ tIhew Ai-‡\pw
\n m-c-\p-am-sW∂ tXm∂¬ Ah-\n¬ i‡n{]m]n-°p∂p. Xm≥ ASn-abpw
B{in-X-\p-am-sW∂ t_m[w a\- n-ep-d-bv°p∂p. AtXmsS, Cu {]Xn-`m-
k-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw DS-a-ÿX hln-°p∂ B alm i‡n-sb-°p-dn®v Ah≥
Nn¥n®p XpS-ßp∂p. AXns‚ amlm-fly-ß-sf-°p-dn® t_m[w, IogvhW-
°-tØmsS AXns‚ apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-°p-hm-≥ Ahs\ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-
°p-∂p. AXns‚ AP-ø-i-‡n-sb-°p-dn® [mcW, AXns‚ apºn¬ kz¥w
\n -lm-bm-hÿ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ahs\ t{]cn-∏n-°p∂p. X\n°v \∑
sNøp∂ i‡n-I-sf-°p-dn® Nn¥ Ah-tbmSv klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-hm≥ Ahs\
D’p-I\ - m-°p∂p. X\n°v \mi-\j - vSt- a-ev]n-°p∂ i‡n-Is - f-°p-dn® Adnhv
Ah-bpsS tIm]-Øn¬\n∂v c£ {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-߃ tXSm≥
Ahs\ DZyp-‡-\m-°p∂p.
a\p-jy≥ A⁄-Xb - psS Xmtg ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ i‡nbpw {]Xm-
]-hp-ap-≈-Xmtbm KpW-tZm-j-߃ sNøm≥ {]m]vXn-bp-≈-Xmtbm Ah∂v
tXm∂p∂ hkvXp-°sf ssZh-sa∂v [cn-°p∂p. Aßs\, {]m]-©nI {]Xn-
`m- k - ß - f n¬ an°- X n- s \bpw Ah≥ ]qPn- ° p- I bpw Bcm- [ n- ° p- I bpw
sNøp∂p. F∂m¬, ⁄m\-am-Ip∂ {]Imiw hym]n®p XpS-ßp-∂-tXmsS
Ah-sb√mw Xs∂-t∏mse Ai-‡cpw B{in-Xcpw ASn-a-I-fp-am-sW-∂-h≥
a\- n-em-°p∂p. F{X `oIc P¥phpw Hcp sImXp-In-s\-t∏mse NØp-t]m-
Ip∂p. Hcn-°¬ Iqew IpØn-sbm-gp-Ip∂ h≥ \Zn-Iƒ t]mepw as‰m-cn-
°¬ h‰n hc≠p t]mIp∂p. ]¿h-X-ßsf a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ CSn®v \nc-
Øp∂p. hr£-e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ apf-∏n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv `qan-bpsS kz¥w A[n-Imc
]cn-[n-bn¬ s]´-X√. Pe-Øns‚ kl-Ic - W - a
- n-s√-¶n¬ `qan \n l- m-bb- mWv.
sh≈-Øn-∂p-an√ tkz—m-[n-Imcw. AXv Im‰ns\ B{i-bn-°p∂p. Im‰n\pw
68 CkvemwaXw
kzm[n--Im-c-an√. AXp-≠m-hp-∂Xpw C√m-Xm-hp-∂Xpw a‰p Nne-Xns\ B{i-
bn-®mWv. kqcy˛N{µ˛\£-{XmZn tKmf-ßfpw Nne \nb-a-߃°v hnt[-b-
amWv. B \nb-a-߃s°-Xn-cmbn H∂-\-ßm≥ t]mepw Ah-bv°m-hn√.
Cßs\ Nn¥n-°p∂ a\pjya\ v AZr-iyhpw cl-ky-hp-amb i‡n-I-fn-
te°v \oßn-Øp-S-ßp∂p. Cu {]Xn-`m-k-߃°p ]n∂n¬ Nne AZriy
i‡n-Iƒ Hfn™pInS-∏ps≠∂pw Ah-bm-Wn-sX√mw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂s - X∂pw
Ah¿ Icp-Xn-Øp-Sß - p∂p. ChnsS\n∂mWv tZh-∑m-cp-sSbpw tZh-XI - f
- p-sSbpw
Bcw`w. Im‰n\pw Xobn\pw sh≈-Øn\pw tcmK-Øn\pw Btcm-Ky-Øn\pw
Hs° thsd thsd ssZh-߃. Ah-bpsS km¶-ev]nI cq]-߃ \n¿an®v
P\w Bcm-[-\bpw XpSßn.
⁄m\-Øns‚ shfn®w Iptd-°qSn sXfn-bp-tºmƒ {]m]-©nI hyhÿ
Hcp GIo-IrX \nb-a-Øm¬ _‘n-X-am-sW∂v a\p-jy∂v t_m[y-amIpw.
Im‰ns‚ KXnbpw ag-bpsS hchpw tKmf-ß-fpsS {`a-Whpw Imem-h-ÿ-bpsS
am‰-hp-sa√mw Hcp \n›nX hyh-ÿb - nepw {Ia-Øn-ep-amWv kw`-hn®psIm≠n-
cn-°p-∂Xv. Hmtcm {]hr-Ønbpw AXm-Xns‚ ka-bØv IrXy-ambn \S-°p∂p.
AXn-∂m-h-iy-amb F√m {]m]-©nI i‡n-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw kwL-Sn®pw
kl-I-cn®pw {]h¿Øn-°p∂p. Cu {]h¿Ø-ss\-Iy-Øn-∂mbn Ahsb
kwhn-[m-\n® \nbaw F¥p-am{Xw _en-jvT-am-bn-cn°pw! {]m]-©nI hyh-
ÿ-bpsS Cu sFIyhpw Hcp-abpw I≠v sNdnb ssZh-ß-sfsb√mw \bn-
°p∂ Hcp henb ssZhw IqSn-bp-s≠∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-hm≥ _lp-ssZh
hnizmkn \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ImcWw, ssZh-߃ XΩn-ep≈
`n∂n∏v temI-hy-h-ÿ-sb-Øs∂ Xmdp-am-dm-°p-sa-∂-h-∂-dnbmw. B henb
ssZh-Øn\v Ah≥ ""A√mlp''Ft∂m ""]c-ta-iz-c≥'' Ft∂m at‰m t]cn´v
hnfn-°p∂p. F∂m¬, Bcm-[-\-bnepw A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw sNdp ssZh-
߃°pah≥ ]¶v \evIp∂p. ZnhyXzw, `qan-bnse Nne k{º-Zm-b-߃
t]mep≈ H∂m-sW-∂mWv Ahs‚ [mcW. ChnsS `c-WØ - e
- h- \pw, Iogn¬
a{¥n-amcpw, ]ns∂ sk{I-´-cn-amcpw Iogp-tZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cp-sam-s°-bp-≠t√m.
sNdp ssZh-ßsf Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-ØmsX henb ssZh-Øns‚ kmao]yw kn≤n-
°-bn-s√∂pw Ah≥ [cn-°p∂p. AXn-∂mbn Ahsb Bcm-[n-°p∂p; Ah-
tbmSv klm-b-a¿Yn-°p∂p. Ahsb a[y-ÿ-cm-°p∂p; t\¿®-Ifpw hgn-]m-
Sp-Ifpw sIm≠v Ahsb Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.
⁄m\-Øns‚ {]Imiw A\p-{Iaw h¿[n-°p-t¥mdpw ssZh-ß-fpsS
kwJy Npcp-ßn-s°mt≠ hcpw. B shfn-®-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°m-\m-cw-`n-°p∂
a\p-jy∂v, A⁄m-\n-Iƒ Na-®p-≠m-°nb ssZh-߃ ssZh-ßt- f-bs - √∂pw
Xs∂-t∏m-ep≈ ASn-aI - tfm Xs∂-°mfpw \n l - m-btcm BsW∂pw hy‡-
amhpw. Aßs\ Ahsb Hmtcm-∂mbn Ah≥ ssIsbm-gn°pw. HSp-hn¬
GI ssZhw am{Xw Ah-ti-jn°pw. B GI ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hn`m-h-
\-bn¬ ]ns∂bpw A⁄-X-Iƒ kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-cn°pw. Nne¿ ssZh-
Øn-s\mcp ÿqe-i-cocw k¶-ev]n°pw. Ah-s∂m-cn-cn-∏n-Shpw. AXn-en-cp-∂v
A-h≥ `cn-°p-I-bmWv! a‰p Nne¿ ssZh-Øn\v `mcym k¥m-\-ßsf Iev]n-
°p∂p. ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xmb Hcp k¥m\ ]c-º-cbpw. ssZhw a\p-jy-cq-]-
Øn¬ CS-°nsS `qan-bn-en-d-ßn-h-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv a‰p Nne-cpsS k¶ev]w.
{]]-©-am-Ip∂ Cu hyh-km-b-ime \S-Øn-hn´v ssZhw Fhn-sStbm hn{iaw
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 69
sIm≈p-I-bm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-ap≠v. C\nbpw Nne¿, ]pWy-hm-f-
∑m-cp-sSbpw alm-flm-°-fp-sSbpw ip]m¿ibpw a[y-ÿ-hp-an-√msX ssZh-
km-ao]yw km[y-a-s√∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂p. a‰p Nne¿ ssZh-Øn\v Xß-
fpsS k¶-ev]-Øn-ep≈ Hcp cq]w \evIn AXns\ {]Xn-jvT-bm°n ]qPn-
°p∂p. Cß-s\-sb-s¥√mw A⁄-XI - ƒ! ^etam, Ah¿ ]ns∂bpw _lp-
ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw Ahn-izm-k-Ønepw Xs∂ IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°p∂p.
""em Ceml C√√m''bpsS ]Zhn k¿thm¬Ir-jvS-amWv. ssZhw F√m
ImeØpw kz¥w {]hm-NI - ∑
- m¿°p \evInb bYm¿Y ⁄m\-am-WnXv. CtX
⁄m\hpwsIm≠mWv BZn-]n-Xm-hmb BZw(A) BK-X-\m-bXv. CtX
⁄m\-amWv C_vdmlow, aqkm, Cukm(A) XpS-ßnb {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v
\evIs - ∏-´n-cp-∂Xv. CtX ⁄m\-Øns‚ shfn-®hpwsIm≠mWv HSp-hn¬ apl-
ΩZv\_n(k)bpw BK-X-\m-bXv. CXv X\n-a-bm¿∂ ⁄m\-amWv˛ A⁄-
X-bpsS Ie¿∏n-√mØ ⁄m\w. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v \evI-s∏´ Cu ⁄m\-
Øn¬\n∂pw apJw Xncn®pIf-™-XmWv P\-߃ _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-
Ønepw hn{Kl ]qP-bnepw Ahn-izm-k-Ønepw AI-s∏´p t]mb-Xns‚
tlXp. Cu sNdp-hm-Iy-Øn¬ F{X henb bmYm¿Yy-am-W-¥¿`-hn-®n-´p-≈-
sX∂v t\m°pI:
1. ZnhyXz hn`m-h\:- AXn-hn-im-e-amb Cu {_lvam-fi-I-Sm-l-Øns‚
DZv`h˛]cn-Wm-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS akvXnjv°w
Xf¿∂pt]mIp∂p. Cu {]]©w \ap-°-⁄m-X-amb Imew apX¬ Nen-®p-
Xp-S-ßn-bn-´p≠v. \ap-°-⁄m-X-am-b -Imew hsc Nen®psIm≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNøpw. CXn¬ A‰-an-√mØ krjvSn-Iƒ P\n-°p∂p. A\p-\n-anjw \S∂p
sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ AZv`p-X-߃ a\p-jy-_p-≤nsb kw{`-an-∏n-°p∂p. Aß-
s\-bp≈ Cu {]]-©-Øn¬ ssZh-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-h∂v Nne KpW-hn-ti-j-
߃ IqSntb Xocq: Ah≥ ÿe-Ime ]cn-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X\pw imiz-X\pw
B{ibw Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-h\pw k¿h-i-‡\pw alm-bp-‡n-am\pw Bbn-cn-
°Ww; Ah≥ k¿h-Ønepw tase Bbn-cn-°Ww; Xs‚ B⁄-Iƒ ewLn-
°m≥ H∂n\pw km[n-°mØ hn[w koam-Xo-Xa - mb {]m]vXn-bp-≈h- \
- m-IWw;
kI-e-hn[ Ign-hp-I-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ-\m-bn-cn-°Ww; ka-kvX-tem-I-Øn-
sebpw kIe Poh-Pm-e-߃°pw PohnX kma-{Kn-Iƒ FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-
°p-∂-h-\m-bn-cn-°Ww; kIe hn[ \yq\-X-I-fn¬\n∂pw ]cn-ip-≤-\m-bn-cn-
°Ww; Xs‚ {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw sNep-Øp-hm≥ a‰m-
scbpw A\p-h-Zn-°m-Ø-h\pw.
2. C∏-d™ ZnhyXz KpW-ß-sf√mw Hcp i‡n-bn¬Xs∂ ktΩ-fn-®n-
cn-°Ww. c≠m-kvXn-Iy-߃ Ah ka-ambn hoXn-s®-Sp-°pI Xotc Akw-`-
hy-amWv. ImcWw, F√m-‰nepw D]-cn-bm-b-h\pw F√m-‰n\pw ta¬ A[n-Imcw
\S-Øp-∂-h-\p-ambn Hcmtf D≠m-Imhq. Znhy-Xz-Kp-W-߃ ]e ssZh-ß-
fn¬ hn`-Pn-°-s∏-SpI F∂Xpw kw`-hy-a√. ImcWw, hn[n-I¿Ømhv Hcp-
h\pw k¿h-⁄≥ as‰m-cp-Ø\pw A∂-Zm-Xmhv aq∂m-as - Xm-cp-h\pw Bbm¬
Hmtcm ssZh-Øn\pw at‰ ssZhsØ B{i-bn-t°-≠n-hcpw. Cu ssZh-߃
]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ {]]©w H‰-b-Sn°v \mi-a-S-bp-Ibpw
sNøpw. ZnhyXz KpW-߃ ssZh-߃ ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dpI˛ Hcp KpWw
Hcn-°¬ Hcp ssZh-Øn¬, AtX KpWw as‰m-cn-°¬ as‰mcp ssZh-
70 CkvemwaXw
Øn¬˛F∂Xpw Akw-`mhyw. ImcWw, kzbw \ne-\n-ev°m-\m-hmØ ssZhw
Fßs\ Cu {]]-©sØ \ne-\n¿Øpw? kz¥w ZnhyXzw A]-l-cn-°-s∏´p
t]mhp-∂Xv XS-bm≥ sIev]n-√mØ ssZhw Fß-s\-bmWv Cu {]]-©sØ
kwc-£n-°pI? AXn-\m¬, Znhy-Xz-Kp-W-߃ Hcm-kvXn-Iy-Øn¬ am{Xw
ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-t°-≠Xv AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv.
3. Cu Znhy-Xz-hn-`m-h\ apºn¬sh®v {]]-©-Øn-te-s°m∂v ItÆm-
Sn®p t\m°q. {]]©-Ønse GsX-¶n-ep-samcp hkvXp Cu Znhy-Xz-Kp-W-
߃ kzmb-Øa - m-°n-bn-´pt≠m? Hcn-°e
- p-an√. {]]-©Ø - nse apgp-h≥ hkvXp-
°fpw ]cm-{ibw th≠-hbpw A\y-h-kvXp-°-fm¬ \nb-{¥n-°-s∏-Sp∂hbp-
amWv. Ah D≠m-Ip∂p; \in-°p∂p. P\n-°p∂p; acn-°p∂p. H∂n-s‚bpw
Ahÿ kpÿn-ca - √. kzbw {]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ i‡n H∂n-\p-an√. \n›nX
\nb-aß - ƒs°-Xn-cmbn Nen-°p-hm≥ H∂n\pw km[y-a√. Ah-sbm∂pw ssZh-
a√. ImcWw, Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ IWnI t]mepw H∂n-ep-an√. Ahbv°v Znhy-
Xz-Øn¬ ]¶p-an√. CXmWv ]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Ønse BZy-`m-K-amb ""emC-
eml''(Hcp ssZh-hp-an√)F∂XpsIm≠p≈ hnh£.
4. Ct∏mƒ, {]]-©-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°-fn¬\n∂pw Znhy-XzsØ
\nt»jw FSp-Øp-I-f™p. C\n \mw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠Xv F√m-‰n\p-ap-]cn Hcm-
kvXn-Iy-ap-s≠∂pw Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ KpW-ßfpw Ah-\n¬ am{Xw
ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ah-s\m-gnsI thsd Hcp ssZh-hp-an-s√∂pw
BWv. CXmWv""C√-√mlp''hne-S-ßnb Bibw. CXt{X G‰hpw henb
⁄m\w. Kth-j-W-\n-co-£-W-߃ Gsd-tbsd \S-Øp-t¥mdpw ⁄m\-
Øns‚ BZy-_n-µphpw A¥y-_n-µphpw ""C√-√mlp''F∂ kXyw am{X-am-
sW∂v \ap°v t_m[y-amhpw. {]]© bmYm¿Yy-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-
∂p≈ imkv{X-hn-⁄m-\o-b-ß-fnse GXp imJ-bn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øn-
bmepw˛AXv {]Ir-Xn-im-kv{Xtam, ck-X-{¥tam tPymXn-xim-kv{Xtam, `qan-
im-kv{Xtam, Poh-im-kv{Xtam BIs´˛Kth-jWw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-t¥mdpw,
""em Ceml C√-√mlp''hns‚ kXym-hÿ kqcy-{]-Imiw t]mse sX-fn™p
ImWp-Ibpw AXn-ep≈ hnizmkw IqSp-X¬ ZrV-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. am{X-
a√, Cu kXyw \ntj-[n®p Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂, {]]-©-Ønse kIe
hkvXp-°fpw A¿Y-iq-\yhpw {]tbm-P\ - c
- l
- n-Xh
- p-am-sW∂v imkv{Xob Kth-
j-W-Ønse Hmtcm Im¬sh-∏nepw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw.
GIssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ ^e-߃
""em Ceml C√√m''AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂Xp aqew Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-Øo-
cp∂ kZv^-e-ß-tfh? AXv \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ a\p-jy≥ Cl-tem-
IØpw ]c-tem-IØpw A[-a\pw ]cm-Pn-X-\p-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?
1. hnip-≤ -hmIyw a\p-jys\ hnim-e-a-\-kvI-\m-°p∂p. ImcWw, BIm-
i-`q-an-I-fpsS {kjvSmhpw k¿h-tem-I-ß-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ\pw ]cn-]m-e-
I\pamb Hcp ssZh-Øn-em-W-h≥ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu hnizm-k-Øn\v
tijw {]]-©-Øn-ep≈ bmsXm∂pw Ah∂v A\y-ambn tXm∂p-I-bn√.
Xs‚bpw as‰√m hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw c£n-Xmhv Hcm-fm-sW∂pw Xß-sf-
sb√mw Htc bP-am-\s‚ Zmk-∑mcpw Htc cmPm-hns‚ {]P-I-fp-am-sW∂pw
Abmƒ a\- n-em-°p∂p. Ahs‚ A\p-`m-hhpw A\p-Iº - bpw kl-Xm-]hpw
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 71
kvt\lhpw tkh-\hpw k¶p-NnX ho£-W-tØm-sS-bm-bn-cn-°n√. adn®v,
Xm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZh-Øn-t‚Xp t]mse \n o-ahpw hnim-e-hp-am-bn-
cn°pw. F∂m¬, Iptd sNdp-ssZ-h-߃°v a\p-jy-t‚Xp t]mep≈ ]cn-an-
Xhpw A]q¿W-hp-amb KpW-߃ k¶-ev]n-°p-∂-h¿°v B hnim-e-ho-
£Ww Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hn√. Hcp ssZh-\n-tj-[n°pw AXp-≠m-hn√.
2. hnip≤ hmIyw a\p-jys\ Bflm-`n-am-\n-bm-°p∂p. ImcWw, Ah≥
hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p∂ ssZhw kIe i‡n-I-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ-\mWv. Pohn-∏n-
°p-Ibpw acn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-\mWv; em`-\-jvS-ß-tf-ev]n-°p-∂-h-
\mWv. kzm[o-\hpw A[n-Im-c-hp-sa√mw Ah∂v am{X-amWv. Cu hnizmkw
ssZh-sam-gn-®p≈ kIe hkvXp-°-fn¬\n∂pw Abmsf kzm{i-b\pw \n¿`-
b-\p-am-°p∂p. Abm-fpsS inc v krjvSn-Iƒ°p apºn¬ Ip\n-bp-I-bn√.
ssIIƒ A\y-cpsS apºn-te°v \ofp-I-bn√. a\- n¬ BtcmSpw `b-`-‡n-
_-lp-am-\-߃ \nd-bp-I-bn√. F∂m¬, Hcp _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-bp-sStbm
Ahn-izm-kn-bp-sStbm \mkvXn-I-s‚tbm Ah-ÿ-sb-¥mWv? Ah¿ krjvSn-
I-fpsS apºn¬ Xe Ip\n-°p∂p. Ah-cn¬\n∂v c£ {]Xo-£n-°p∂p. Ah-
cpsS tIm]w `b-s∏-Sp∂p.
3. hnip-≤- hmIyw a\p-jys\ hn\-bm-\zn-X-\m-°p∂p. Al-¶mcw
Abmsf kv]¿in-°p-Itb C√. kz¥w Ign-hp-Iƒ Abmsf h©n-X-\m-°p-
I-bn√. Xs‚ i‡n-bp-sStbm kº-Øn-s‚tbm tbmKy-X-bp-sStbm t]cn-
ep≈ \mSytam Alw-`m-htam Abm-fpsS a\- n¬ ÿew ]nSn-°n√.
ImcWw, Xt‚-Xm-b-sX√mw ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-am-sW-∂mWv Abm-fpsS
hnizmkw. Ah \evInb ssZhw Xncn-s®-Sp-°m\pw Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-sW-∂-
bmƒ°-dnbmw. F∂m¬, Hcp ssZh-\n-tj-[n-bpsS ÿnXntbm? h√ tbmKy-
Xbpw ssIh-∂m-ep-S≥ Abmƒ Al-¶m-cn-bmbn amdp∂p. Xs‚ t{ib- p-
I-sf√mw kz¥w Ign-hp-sIm≠v t\Sn-b-Xm-sW-∂-bmƒ Icp-Xp∂p. _lp-
ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ A\n-hmcy ^e-am-W-l-¶mcw. ImcWw, ssZh-ßfpw
tZh-X-I-fp-ambn A\y¿°n-√mØ {]tXy-I-_‘w X߃°p-s≠∂v Ah¿
DZvtLm-jn-°p∂p!
4. hnip-≤- hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw a\p-jy∂v Bfl-ip≤n ssIh-cp-
Øp-Ibpw kXvI¿a-߃°v t{]cW \evIp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. PohnX hnP-b-
Øn\v Ah-b-√msX a‰p t]mwhgn-I-fn-s√∂v Abmƒ a\- n-em-°p∂p.
ImcWw, Xm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZhw Bcp-sSbpw B{ibw Bh-iy-an-√m-
Ø-h-\mWv; BtcmSpw {]tXyI _‘-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv; \njv]-£\pw
\nkzm¿Yn-bp-amWv; \oXn-am-\mWv. ]c-a-i-‡-\mWv. Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ a‰m¿°pw
Hcp ]¶pw A\p-h-Zn-°m-Ø-h-\mWv. AXn-\m¬, Bfl-ip-≤nbpw k¬°¿a-
hp-a-√msX, Xs‚ c£°pw hnP-b-Øn\pw a‰p hgn-I-fn√. F∂m¬, _lp-
ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw Ahn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw hymP-{]-Xo-£-Ifpw hymtam-
l-ß-fp-amWv \bn-°p-∂Xv. ssZh-]p-{X-∑m¿ X߃°mbn kzbw _en-b¿∏n-
°p-sa-∂mWv Nne-cpsS hnizmkw. a‰p Nne¿, X߃ ssZh-Øns‚ {]nb-
s∏-´-hcpw ASpØ _‘p-°-fp-am-sW∂v Icp-Xp∂p. AXn-\m¬, Hcn-°epw
ssZhw Xßsf in£n-°p-I-bn√. alm-flm-°ƒ X߃°p th≠n ssZh-
tØmSv ip]m¿i sNøp-sa-∂mWv thsd Nne-cpsS hnizmkw. tZh-X-Iƒ°v
Nne hgn-]m-Sp-Iƒ sImSp-Øm¬ ]ns∂ F¥pw {]h¿Øn-°p-hm-\p≈
72 CkvemwaXw
ssek≥kmbn F∂mWv thsd Nne-cpsS [mcW. ]m]-ß-fnepw ZpjvI¿a-
ß-fnepw AI-s∏-SpI am{X-amWv CØcw hymP-hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS ^ew. Ah
Bfl-ip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬\n∂pw k¬°¿a-ß-fn¬\n∂pw {i≤ Xncn-®p-hn-Sp-
Ibpw sNøpw. \mkvXn-I-cm-Is´, kz¥w ZpjvIr-Xy-ßsf tNmZyw sNøp∂
Hcm-kvXn-Iy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-t∂-bn√. X∂n-anØw k¿h-X-{¥-kz-X-{¥-
cmWv Xßsf∂-h¿ Icp-Xp∂p. tZtl-—-I-fm-W-h-cpsS ssZh-߃. Ah¿
Ah-bpsS Zmk-∑mcpw.
5. hnip≤ hmIyw a\p-jy∂v Bibpw {]Xo-£bpw \evIp∂p. \ncmi
Ahs\ _m[n-°p-Itb C√. ImcWw, {]]-©-Ønse k¿h-`-fim-c-ß-fp-
sSbpw DS-a-ÿ-\mWv Ah≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZhw. Ah≥ k¿h-⁄\pw
HuZm-cy-hm\pw k¿h-i-‡-\p-amWv. Cu hnizmkw Ah∂v Akm-[m-c-W-
amb a\x-im-¥nbpw kwXr-]vXnbpw {]Zm\w sNøp∂p. Ahs‚ lrZ-bØ - n¬
kZm {]Xym-iI - fpw {]Xo-£I
- fpw \nd-™n-cn°pw. kIe Ihm-Sß - fpw sIm´n-
b-S-bv-°-s∏-´mepw PohnX am¿K-߃ Hs∂m-∂mbn \jvS-s∏-´mepw ssZhw
Xs∂ ssIsbm-gn-°n√. ssZh-Øns‚ HuZm-cy-Ønepw i‡n-bnepw hnizm-
k-a¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v ]pXnb {]Xo-£I - t- fmsS, {]Xym-iI- t- fmsS Abmƒ A[zm-
\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw. Cu a\x-im¥n {]Zm\w sNøp-hm≥ ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øn-
∂√msX km[y-a√. Ahn-izm-kn-If - m-Is´ Akz-ÿN - n-Øc - m-bn-cn°pw. Ah¿
icWw {]m]n-°p-∂Xv _e-lo-\-amb AkvXn-Xz-ß-fn-emWv. X∑qew B]-
Øp-Iƒ Ahsc \ncm-i-bn-emgvØpw. ^etam, ]e-t∏mgpw Bfl-l-Xybpw.
*
6. hnip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw a\p-jy-\n¬, a\-°-cpØv, ZrV-\n-
›bw, ÿnc-Nn-ØX, kl\w, Bflm¿∏Ww XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n KpW-
߃ D÷o-hn-∏n-°p∂p. ssZh{]oXn ap≥\n¿Øn al-XvIr-Xy-߃°mbn
Hcp-ßn-∏p-d-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ ssZh-Øns‚ A]m-c-i‡n Xs‚ ]n∂n-ep-s≠∂
ASn-bp-d® hnizmkw Ahs‚ a\- n-ep-≠m-bn-cn°pw. Cu hnizmkw ]¿h-
X-k-am-\-amb Dd∏pw ssÿcyhpw Ah-\n¬ krjvSn-°p∂p. Hcp i‡n°pw
Ahs\ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[y-amhn√. Hc-hn-izm-kn°v Cu i‡n Fhn-
S∂v e`n-°m-\mWv?
* ss\cmiyw Df-hm-°p∂ AXn-Zm-cp-W-amb Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v Htc-I-tZi Nn{Xw e`n-°m≥
an. tImfn≥ hn¬k≥ cNn® 'THE OUTSIDE' F∂ IrXn t\m°pI.
C∆n-jb-Øn¬ s{]m. tPmUns‚ A\p-`h k -- m-£yhpw {it≤-b-amWv. ]m›m-Xy-sc-°p-dn®v
At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Ncn-{X-Øn¬ BZy-ambn kv{Xo ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS Hcp ]pXnb Xe-
apd cwK-{]-thiw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿°v aX-an√; aX-Øns‚ Bh-iy-hp-an√. aXsØ
Xo¿Øpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ kwXr-]vX-cm-W-h¿. X∂n-anØw Ah¿°v a\x-k-am-[m\w
\jvS-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ Bfl-l-Xy-bpsS A\p-]mXw Akm-[m-cWamw hn[w
h¿[n-®n-cn-°-bmWv. =THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF RELIGION=
Ckvem-anI temIsØ ÿnXn-b-dn-bm≥ Ckvem-an-t\mSv A{X-sbm∂pw aa-X-bn-√mØ Hc-
apkvenw Ncn-{X-Im-cs‚ A`n-{]m-b-߃ Xs∂-sb-Sp°mw: ""k¿hm-Xn-im-bn-bmb Hcp i‡n-
bpsS A¥na Xo¿∏n-ep≈ D¬°-S-amb hnizm-k-apƒs°m-≈p∂ hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ GI-
ssZ-h-hm-Z-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ k¿h-i-‡n°pw \nZm-\-am-bn-´p-≈Xv. A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°-]-cn-
Nn-X-amb A¿∏W at\m`m-hhpw a\- w-Xr-]vXnbpw Ckvem-ans‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ A\p-`-
hn-°p∂p. apkvenw \mSp-I-fn¬ Bfl-lXy hfsc hnc-f-amWv.
PHILIP. K. HITTY, HISTORY OF ARABS, 1951, P. 129 -
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 73
7. hnip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw a\p-jys\ [oc-\m-°n-Øo¿°p∂p.
c≠p Imcy-ß-fmWv a\p-jys\ `ocp-hm-°p-∂Xv. Poh≥, kºØv, `mcym-k-
¥m-\-߃ F∂n-h-tbm-Sp≈ kvt\l-am-sWm∂v. a\p-jys\ acn-∏n-°p-hm≥
Ign-hp≈ ssZth-Xc i‡n-Iƒ Ds≠∂pw a\p-jy∂v kzbw ac-WsØ
adn-I-S-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂pap≈ hnizm-k-amWv c≠m-a-tØXv. Cu c≠v [mc-
W-I-sfbpw hnip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw Xncp-Øp∂p. hnizm-knsb
kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Xs‚ Poh\pw [\hpw `mcym-k-¥m-\-ßfpw ssZh-Z-
Ø-amWv. ssZh-am-W-h-bpsS DSa. Ah ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ _en Ign-°p-
hm≥ Abmƒ kZm k∂-≤-\m-bn-cn°pw. ac-W`bw, hnizm-kn°v H´pw D≠m-
hn√. ImcWw, h√ i‡n-Iƒt°m hkvXp-°ƒt°m P¥p-°ƒt°m Xs∂
sIm√m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂ hnizm-ka - b
- mƒ°n√. AXn\p≈ A[n-Im-chpw Ignhpw
ssZh-Øn\v am{X-amWv. Hmtcm Pohn-bp-sSbpw ac-W-Øn\v ssZhw \n›-
bn® Hcp ka-b-ap≠v. AXn\p apºmbn AXns\ sIm√m≥ temI-Øp≈
apgp-h≥ i‡n-Ifpw H∂n®v {ian-®mepw km[y-am-hn√. CXm-W-bm-fpsS
hnizmkw. hnizm-kn-I-sf-°mƒ henb [oc-∑m¿ temI-Øn-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv
AXp-sIm-≠mWv. JUvK-ßfpw sj√p-Ifpw t_mw_p-h¿j-ßfpw Ah-cpsS
apºn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp∂p. ssZhnI am¿K-Øn¬, Xß-sf-°mƒ ]Øn-c´n
i‡nbpw kwJym-_-e-hp-ap≈ ssk\y-hyq-l-ß-sf-t∏mepw Ah¿ Xpc-Øn-
tbm-Sn°pw. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw \mkvXn-
I¿°pw Cu i‡n Fhn-S∂p In´m≥? Ah¿°v kz¥w Poh≥ k¿thm-]cn
hne-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cn°pw. i{Xp-°-tfm-sSm∏w ac-Whpw hcp-sa∂pw i{Xp-°-f-
I-∂p-t]m-bm¬ ac-Whpw AI-∂p-t]m-hp-sa-∂pam-W-h-cpsS hnNmcw!
8. hnip-≤- hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw D≈-Xn¬ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-hm≥ a\p-
jys\ t{]cn-∏n-°p∂p. A\y-cpsS t\sc sImXn-tbmsS t\m°p-I-bn√,
Abmƒ. AXym¿Øn, Akqb XpS-ßnb ZpjvS hnIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v Abm-
fpsS a\ v ]cn-ip-≤-am-bn-cn°pw. Hcp Imcyw t\Sm≥ \njn-≤hpw \oN-hp-
amb am¿K-߃ ssIs°m-≈p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn® Nn¥-t]mepw Abm-fn-ep-Zn-
°n√. Blmcw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv; Ah-\n-—n-°p∂ Nne¿°v Ah-\Xv IW-
°‰v \evIpw; Nne¿°v IW-°m-°nbpw. i‡nbpw t{ib pw ÿm\hpw
]Z-hn-bp-w A[n-Im-c-hp-sa√mw ssZh-Øns‚ A[o-\-Øn-emWv. Xs‚ C—bpw
bp‡n-bp-a-\p-k-cn®v ssZh-aXv {]Zm\w sNøp∂p. ]cn-{i-an-°pI F∂-XmWv
Xs‚ tPmen. hnP-b-]-cm-P-b-߃ ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-WysØ B{i-bn-®n-
cn-°p∂p. Ah≥ \evIp-hm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ ]£w temI-Ønse Hcp i‡n°pw
AXp XS-bpI km[y-a√. XS-bm-\p-t±-in-®m¬ Xcm\pw B¿°p-am-hn√˛
CXmWv hnip≤ hmIyw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcm-fpsS hnizmkw. F∂m¬,
_lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpw \mkvXn-I-cp-am-Is´, Xß-fpsS
hnPb ]cm-P-b-߃ kz¥w ]cn-{i-a-sØbpw `uXnI i‡n-I-sfbpw B{i-
bn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂p. X≥aqew Ah¿ hymtam-l-߃°pw
AXym¿Øn-Iƒ°pw hiw-hZ- c - m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. Imcyw t\Sm≥ ssI°qen, apJ-
kvXpXn, h©\ XpSßn GXv \nIr-jvS-am¿Khpw Ah¿ ssIs°m≈pw.
A\y-cpsS hnP-b-Øn-ep≈ Akqb \nanØw Ah-cpsS a\ v kZm ]pI-
™p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw. a‰p-≈-hsc XI¿°m≥ F{X \oNhpw arKo-b-hp-amb
am¿K-߃ kzoI-cn-°m\pw Ah¿ aSn-Im-Wn-°n√.
74 CkvemwaXw
9. hnip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw a\p-jys\ ssZhnI \nb-a-߃°v
hnt[-b-\m-°n-Øo¿°p∂p. CXmWv hnizm-k-Øns‚ G‰hpw al-Ømb
^ew. ssZhw F√m cl-ky-ßfpw ]c-ky-ß-fp-a-dn-bp∂p; Ah≥ Xt∂mSv
kz¥w Poh-\m-Un-sb-°m-f-Sp-ØmWv; GIm-¥-X-bntem \nim-‘-Im-c-Øns‚
ad-hntem sNøp∂ GXp cl-ky-hr-Ønbpw ssZh-a-dn-bp∂p; lrZ-bm-¥-cm-
f-Øn-sem-fn-®p-sh-°p∂ hnNmc hnIm-cß - ƒ t]mepw ssZh-Øn-¶s - e-Øp∂p.
kIe krjvSn-I-fn¬\n∂pw ad-®p-sh-°m-hp-∂-hbn-sem-∂p-t]mepw ssZh-
Øn¬\ns∂m-fn-∏n-°m-\m-hn√; ssZh-Øns‚ `c-Wm-Xn¿Øn-bn¬\n∂v c£-
s∏-t´m-SpI km[y-a√. k¿h-cp-sSbpw ]nSn-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v tamN\w t\Smw.
]t£, ssZh-Øns‚ ]nSn-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v tamN-\-an√. CXmWv hnip-≤ -hm-
Iy-Øns‚ Xm¬]cyw. Cu hnizmkw F{X-I≠v CuSp-‰-Xm-Ip-∂pthm A{X-
I≠v a\p-jy≥ ssZh-im-k-\-I-f-\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bthiw sIm≈p-∂-
XmWv. ssZhw \ntcm-[n® kwK-Xn-It- fmSv ASp-°m≥ t]mepw Abmƒ ss[cy-
s∏-Sp-I-bn√. \nim-‘-Im-c-Øns‚ GIm-¥-Xbnepw Ah≥ ssZhnI imk-
\- I ƒ \n¿hnLv \ w \n¿h- l n°pw. ImcWw, Hcp \nanjw t]mepw
hn´pt]mImØ Hcp Xcw cl-ky-t∏m-eo-kp-Im-cp≠v, Abm-tfm-sSm∏w. Hcp
\oXn-\ym-bt- °m-SX
- n-sb-°p-dn® `oXn kZm Abmsf Ae-´n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.
B tImS-Xn-bpsS "hmd≠n'¬\n∂v HmSn c£-s∏-SpI Akm-[y-am-sW-∂-
bmƒ°-dnbmw. C°m-cWw sIm≠mWv apkvenw BIp-hm-\p≈ H∂m-asØ
\n_-‘\ ]cn-ip-≤- hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-amWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.
"apkven'ans‚ A¿Yw ssZh-tØmSv ]q¿W-ambpw A\p-k-c-W-ap≈ ASna
F∂mWv. GI-ssZ-h-a-√msX as‰m-cm-cm-[y-\p-an√ F∂v ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-
°mØ Ime-tØmfw Ah∂v ssZh-tØmSv A\p-k-c-W-ap-≈-h-\m-bn-Øo-
cpI km[y-a-√t√m.
apl-ΩZv\_n(k)bpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ Cu GI-ssZh hnizmkw
G‰hpw {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂Xpw auen-I-hp-amWv. Ckvem-ans‚ tI{µ-_n-
µphpw A®p-X≠ - p-am-WXv. AXns‚ F√m i‡n-If - p-sSbpw Dd-hn-Sh- p-aX
- mWv.
AXns‚ BZ¿i hnizm-k-ßfpw \nb-a-im-k-\-Ifpw ]Sp-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv
B hnizm-k-Øn-t∑-emWv. AtX A®p-X-≠n-t∑-emWv Ah-sb√mw Id-ßp-
∂Xv. AtX tI{µ-_n-µp-hn¬\n∂mWv AXn\v i‡n e`n-°p-∂Xv. AXns\
X´n-\o-°n-bm¬ ]ns∂ ""Ckvemw'' F∂ H∂n√.
ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
GIssZh hnizm-k-Øn\p tijw apl-ΩZv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°p-hm-\m-
⁄m-]n® c≠m-asØ Imcyw ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizm-k-amWv . _lp-
ssZhhnizm-k-Øns‚ Ie¿∏n¬\n∂v GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw kwip-≤-am-bn-
Øo-cp-sa-∂-Xm-Wn-Xns‚ {][m-\-^ew.
c≠p-Xcw krjvSn-I-sf-bmWv _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Znhy-Xz-Øn¬
]¶p-tN¿Øn-´p-≈Xv. H∂v: ÿqe ico-cß- t- fm-Sp-Iq-Snb krjvSn-Iƒ˛ kqcy≥,
N{µ≥, \£-{X-߃, A·n, sh≈w, a\p-jy≥ apX-em-bh. c≠v: PUm-
kvXn-Xz-an-√mØ AZr-iy-i-‡n-Iƒ˛Im‰-Sn-∏n-°p-∂h, ag s]øn-°p-∂h,
{]Imiw \evIp-∂h XpS-ßn-bh. BZy-hn-`m-K-Øn¬s∏-´h Zriy-h-kvXp-°-
fm-b-Xn-\m¬, Ah-bpsS ZnhyXzw ]cn-ip≤ hmIyw-sIm≠v Xs∂- XnckvI-
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 75
cn°mw. c≠m-asØ hn`m-K-Øn¬ s]´h AZr-iym-kvXn-Xz-ß-fmWv. AØcw
AkvXn-Xz-ß-sf-bmWv _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ an°-hmdpw ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-´p-
≈Xv. Ah-sb-°p-dn-®mWv Ah¿ ssZh-ß-sf∂pw tZh-X-I-sf∂pw ssZh-
k-¥m-\-ß-sf∂pw [cn®phim-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw. Ah-bpsS k¶-ev]-cq-]-ß-fp-
≠m°n Ah¿ ]qP-Ifpw hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw \S-Øp∂p. X∂n-anØw _lp-ssZ-
h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Cu c≠mw C\-Øn¬\n∂pw GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m-¥sØ
]cn-c-£n-°p-hm≥ hnizm-k-]-c-amb Hcp {]tXyI kwKXn \n¿tZ-in-®n-cn-°-
bmWv.
Cu hnj-b-I-ambn apl-ΩZv\_n(k)bpsS A[ym-]\w C{]-Im-c-amWv:
tZh-X-Ifpw ssZ-h-ßfpw ssZh-k-¥m-\-ß-fp-ambn sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Cu
AZriy {]Xn-`m-k-߃ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ae-°p-I-fmWv.
Ah¿°v Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp ]¶p-an√. Ah-sc√mw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-
\p-h¿Øn-Iƒ am{X-amWv. ssZh-im-k-\-I-fn¬\n∂v Aev]w t]mepw hyXn-
N-en-°pI Ah¿°v km[y-a√. Ah¿ aptJ-\-bmWv ssZhw {]]-©-am-Ip∂
Xs‚ km{amPyw `cn-°p-∂Xv. Ah-cm-Is´ ssZh-im-k-\-Iƒ k\n-jvI¿jw
\nd-th-‰p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. kzbw h√Xpw sNøp-hm-\-h¿ i‡-c√. kz¥w
i‡n-{]-tbm-Kn®v ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ h√Xpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sm\pw Ah¿°v
Ign-bn√. h√-h¿°pwth≠n ssZh-tØmSv ip]m¿i-sN-øm-\p-am-hn√. a\p-
jy¿ Ahsc Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw Ah-tcmSv klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-∂Xpw F{Xbpw
e÷m-h-l-amWv. ImcWw, BZy-L-´-Øn¬Øs∂ ssZhw Ah-sc-s°m≠v
a\p-jy-]n-Xm-hmb BZ-ans‚ apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw \an-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.
Ah¿°v \evImØ ⁄m\w BZ-an\v \evIn. `qan-bnse {]mXn-\n[yw BZ-
an\v \evIn. F∂n-cns°, ae-°p-Iƒ apºv BcpsS apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw
\an-®pthm B a\p-jy≥ C∂v Ah-cpsS apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw \an-°p-Ibpw
`b-`-‡n-tbmsS Ah-tcmSv ssI\o-´n-bn-c-°p-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬ ]cw
lo\Xzw as‰-¥p≠v?
Hcp hiØv ae-°p-Isf Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw Ahsc Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ ]¶m-
fn-I-fm-°p-∂Xpw XS-bp-tºmƒ adp-h-iØv Xncp-ta\n(k) C{]-Imcw Adn-
bn-°p∂p: ae-°p-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ {]tXyI krjvSn-I-fmWv. Ah¿ ]m]-
ß-fn¬\n∂v ]cn-ip-≤-cmWv. ssZh Iev]-\-Iƒ°v hncp-≤-ambn {]h¿Øn-
°m≥ Ign-bmØ hn[-Øn-emWv Ah-cpsS krjvSn∏vXs∂. Ah¿ kZm
ssZhm-cm-[\- b- nepw Zmky-hr-Øn-bnepw \nc-Xc
- mWv. Ah-cn¬\n∂v {]tXyIw
sXc-s™-SpØ Hcp ae-°p≠v˛ Pn_vco¬. ssZhw {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v Xs‚
\n¿tZi-߃ FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv B ae°v aptJ-\-bmWv. ae-°p-I-
fn¬ Nne¿ kZm \nß-fpsS IqsS-bp≠v. \nß-fpsS k¬°¿a-ßfpw ZpjvI¿a-
ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-W-h-cpsS tPmen. kIe a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Pohn-
X-dn-°m-Up-Iƒ Ah¿ kq£n-°p∂p. ac-Wm-\-¥cw \n߃ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-
bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-tºmƒ Ah¿ B tcJ-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°p-∂-XmWv. \n߃
Pohn-X-Øn¬ sNbvX kIe I¿a-ßfpw AXn¬ tcJ-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-∂Xv
\n߃°p ImWmw.
ae-°p-If- psS kØm bmYm¿Yyw \ap°v Adn-bn®pX∂n-´n√. KpW-߃
am{Xta \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-®n-´p≈q. Ah-cpsS BkvXn-Iy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥
\tΩmSv B⁄m-]n-®n-cn-°p∂p. ae-°p-Iƒ Fß-s\-bmWv, Fß-s\-b√
76 CkvemwaXw
Fs∂m∂pw Adn-bp-hm-\p≈ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb Hcp am¿Khpw \ΩpsS
apºn-en√. AXn-\m¬, Ah-cpsS kØ-sb-°p-dn®v `mh\m krjvS-amb Imcy-
߃ ]d-bp-∂Xv hnUvVn-Ø-amWv. F∂m¬, Ah-cpsS BkvXn-IysØ
\ntj-[n-°m\pw ]‰n√. AXv ""Ip^vdm''Wv. \ntj-[n-°m-\p≈ bmsXmcp
sXfnhpw B¿°pw e`n-®n-´n√. \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw \_n-Xn-cp-
ta\n(k) hymP-\mWv F∂mWv. ae-°p-If - n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv Xs∂, kXy-
{]-hm-N-I≥ Ah-sc-°p-dn®v Adnhv \evIp-Ibpw Ah-cn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥
B⁄m-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-sIm≠v am{X-amWv.
ssZh-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
apl-ΩZv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in® aq∂m-asØ Imcyw ssZhnI
{KŸ-ß-fmWv. ssZhw Xs‚ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v \evInb hnip≤ {KŸ-߃.
apl-ΩZv\_n°v ssZhw Jp¿-B≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-t]mse ap≥ {]hm-N-I-
∑m¿°pw Ah≥ {KŸ-ßf - n-d°
- n-bn-cp∂p. Ah-bn¬ Nne- {K-Ÿß
- f
- psS t]cp-
Iƒ am{Xta \ap°v e`n-®n-´p≈q. C_vdmlow\_n°v \evInb "kplv^p
C_vdmlow', aqkm-\-_n°v \evInb "XudmØv', ZmhqZv \_n°v \evInb
"k_q¿', Cukm-\-_n°v \evInb "C©o¬' F∂nh DZm-l-cWw. (Cu
{]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-sb√mw ta¬ ssZhm-\p-{Klw h¿jn-°s´). a‰p {]hm-N-I-
∑m¿°v e`n® {KŸ-ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ \ap-°-dn-bn√. AXn-\m¬, at‰-sX-
¶nepw aX-{K-Ÿ-sØ-°p-dn®v AXv ssZh-Øn-s‚-bm-sWt∂m As√t∂m
Xo¿Øp]d-bp-hm≥ \ap°v \nhr-Øn-bn√. F∂m¬, ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂-h-
Xo¿W-amb F√m {KŸ-ßfpw kXy-am-sW∂v \mw s]mXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-
t°-≠-Xm-Ip∂p.
ap≥sNm∂ {KŸ-ß-fn¬ "kplv^p C_vdmlow'C∂v temI-sØßpw
C√. "XudmØv', "k_q¿', "C©o¬' F∂nh PqX-∑m-cp-sSbpw ss{IkvX-h-
cp-sSbpw ]°eps≠-¶nepw Ah-sbm∂pw Ah-bpsS km£m¬ cq]-Øn-e√.
Ah-bnse ssZh hmIy-߃ am‰n-a-dn°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠∂pw P\-߃ kz¥w
hI-bmbn ]eXpw AXn¬ Iq´n-t®¿Øn-´p-s≠∂pw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ \ap°v
Adnhv X∂n-´p≠v.*
km£m¬ ssZh {KŸ-߃ Xß-fpsS ssIh-i-an-s√∂v PqXcpw ss{I-
kvX-hcpw Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p≠v. aqe {KŸ-ß-fpsS ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ am{X-
amWv Ah-cpsS ]°-ep-≈Xv. AXn¬ Xs∂ ]e-hn[ Xncp-Ø-ep-Ifpw \S-
∂n-´p≠v. C∂pw \S-°p∂p. Ah ]mcm-bWw sNbvXmtem, ssZh-Øn¬\n-
∂m-bn-cn-°m≥ Hcn-°epw \nhr-Øn-bn-√mØ F{Xtbm kwK-Xn-Iƒ Ah-
bn¬ ImWmw. AXn-\m¬, C∂v Ah-cpsS ]°-ep≈ {KŸ-߃ bYm¿Y
* ss__vƒ ]gb \nb-a-Ønse BZysØ A[ym-b-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse \mev
kphn-ti-j-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw H∂v ItÆm-Sn-®m¬ Ah a\p-jy-Ir-Xn-bm-sW∂v t_m[y-am-hp-
∂-XmWv. Ah-bn¬ Zmho-Zns‚ km£m¬ Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ NneXpw {InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-
ti-j-ßfpw Ahn-`-‡amw hn[w Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. ]gb \nb-a-Ønse BZysØ \mev
A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ XudmØv am{X-a√ D≈Xv. adn®v, Xudm-Øns‚ `mK-߃ a\p-jy-hym-
Jym-\-ß-fp-ambn CS-I-e¿∂p \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. B IqSn-°p-g-b-en¬ bYm¿Y Znhy-k-tµiw
\jvS-s∏´p t]mbn-cn-°-bmWv. AXp-t]mseXs∂ Cukm-bp-sS-sX∂v ]d-bp∂ \mev kphn-
ti-j-߃ At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v In´nb km£m¬ kphn-ti-j-ß-f√. adn®v, ⁄m\hpw
`n∂-[¿ahpw B[m-c-am°n hyXy-kvX-cmb \mem-fp-Iƒ kam-l-cn® {InkvXp-hns‚ Poh-
N-cn-{X-amWv. km£m¬ kphn-ti-j-ß-fpsS GXm\pw `mK-ßfpw Ah-bn-ep-s≠∂v am{Xw.
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 77
ssZhnI {KŸ-ß-f√. ssZh-hm-Iy-ß-fp-sSbpw a\p-jy-hm-Iy-ß-fp-sSbpw Hcp
an{inXw am{X-am-Wh. c≠pw th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-hm-\p≈ Hcp am¿Khpw C∂n√.
F¶n¬, ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥ {]hm-N-I≥ B⁄m-]n-®-Xns‚
hnh-£s - b-¥m-bn-cn°pw? AXn-XmWv: hnip-≤J - p¿-B∂p apºpw ssZhw Xs‚
ktµiw {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ aptJ\ temI-P-\-X°v \evIn-bn-cp∂p; Ah-sb√mw
Xs∂ ]cn-ip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n® AtX ssZh-Øns‚ hm°p-I-fm-bn-
cp∂p; hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ap≥-D-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fn-√mØ Hcp \qX\ {KŸ-a√;
adn®v, ap≥X-e-ap-d-Iƒ hnkva-cn®v If-bp-Itbm cq]m-¥cw hcp-Øp-Itbm
a\p-jym-i-b-ß-fp-ambn Ie¿Øp-Itbm sNbvX ssZhnI \n¿tZ-i-ßsf
]p\¿Po-hn-∏n-°p-hm≥ h∂ {KŸ-amWv.
hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ
hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Ah-km-\sØ ssZhn-I-{K-Ÿ-amWv. ap≥th-Z-{K-Ÿ-
ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ Jp¿-B∂v ]e khn-ti-jX-Ifpw
ImWmw.
1. ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ an°-Xn-s‚bpw bYm¿Y {]Xn-Iƒ \in®pt]mbn-cn-
°p∂p. ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ am{X-amWv C∂v Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬, ]cn-ip-
≤-Jp¿-B≥ AX-h-X-cn® AtX `mj-bnepw ]Z-ß-fn-ep-ambn X\n-a-tbmsS
C∂pw temIØv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p. AXn¬ Hc-£-c-Øn∂p t]mepw Hcp
am‰hpw kw`-hn-®n-´n√.
2. ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-߃s°m∏w P\-߃ kz¥w hmIy-
ßfpw Iq´n-t®¿Øp. Htc {KŸ-Øn¬Xs∂, ssZh-hm-Iy-ßfpw P\-X-bpsS
Ncn-{Xhpw ]q¿hn-I-cpsS IY-Ifpw ]fin-X-cpsS hymJym-\-ßfpw I¿a-im-
kv{X-\n-ba - ß
- f
- p-sa√mw IqSn-°p-g™p InS-°p-Ib
- mWv. Ah-bn¬\n∂v ssZh
hmIy-߃ th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°pI Hcp \ne°pw km[y-a√. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-
Jp¿-B-\n¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-ßtf D≈q. A\y-hm-°p-I-fpsS Ie¿∏v t]mepw
AXn-en√. Jp¿-B≥ hymJym\w, \_n-h-N-\-߃, I¿a-im-kv{X-\n-b-a-߃,
\_n-N-cn{Xw, A\p-N-c-∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-Ncy, apkvenw Ncn{Xw F∂o hnj-
b-ß-fn-ep≈ cN-\-I-sf√mw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw {KŸ-ß-fn-emWv. Ah-bn-
ep≈ Hcp hm°p-t]mepw Jp¿-B-\p-ambn Ie¿∂pt]mIp∂ {]iv\-an√.
3. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS ]°-en∂v ImWp∂ aX-{K-Ÿ-߃ Nne
{]hm-N-I-∑m-tcmSv tN¿Øp]d-bp-∂p≠v. F∂m¬, B {]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂-
bm-WXv sIm≠p-h-∂-sX∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ ]‰p∂ Ncn{X]c-amb tcJ-I-
sfm∂pw e`y-a√. Nne aX-{K-Ÿ-߃ GXv ImeØv, GXv {]hm-N-I-∂-h-X-
cn®p F∂p-t]mepw ]d-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs\ apl-
ΩZv\_n-tbmSv _‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bcpw kwi-bn-°p-∂n√. AXn-∂p≈
Ncn-{X-km-£y-߃ A{Xbpw i‡hpw A\n-tj-[y-hp-amWv. Jp¿-B-\nse
Hmtcm hmIyhpw Ft∏mƒ FhnsS Ah-X-cn®p F∂p-t]mepw \njv{]-bmkw
ssZh-Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy-Ir-Xnbpw, kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw ]Xn-cn¬\n∂v s\√v th¿Xn-cn-s®-
Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hÆw ]c-kv]cw IqSn-°-e¿∂n-cn-°-bmWv. AXn-\m¬, km£m¬ ssZh-
{KŸw PqX-cp-sStbm ss{IkvX-h-cp-sStbm ]°-en√. CXn\v hn]-co-X-ambn, hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥, AX-h-X-cn® km£m¬ cq]-Øn¬ Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√msX, kpc-£n-X-ambn \ne-
sIm-≈p∂p.
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
78 CkvemwaXw
Adn-bm≥ Ignbpw.
4. ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-f-h-X-cn® `mj-Iƒ hf-sc-°m-e-ambn arX-`m-j-I-fm-bn-
°n-S-°p∂p. Ah-bn∂v Bcp-sSbpw kwkm-c-`m-j-b√. Ah {Kln-°p-∂-h¿
t]mepw hncfw. AØcw `mj-I-fn-ep≈ {KŸ-߃ C∂v km£m¬ cq]-
Øn-ep-≠m-bm¬ Xs∂, Ah-bnse Bibw {Kln®v AX-\p-[m-h\w sNøpI
km[y-a√. F∂m¬, Jp¿-Bs‚ `mj C∂pw Hcp Poh¬`m-j-bmWv. tImSn-
°-W-°n-\m-fp-I-fpsS amXr-`m-j-bp-am-WXv. IqSmsX, At\-I-tImSn A\y-
`m-j-°m¿ B `mj ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Bib hn\n-abw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
temI-Øns‚ \m\m `mKØpw AXv A`y-kn-∏n®v hcp∂p. \njv{]-bmkw
]Tn- ° m- h p∂ `mj- b m- W Xv . h√- h ¿°pw ]Tn- ° m- \ - h - k cw e`n- ® -
ns√¶n¬Øs∂, Jp¿-Bs‚ Bibw {Kln® [mcmfw Bfp-Isf Fhn-sSbpw
In´pw.
5. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS aX-{K-Ÿ-ß-sf√mw Hcp {]tXyI P\-k-aq-
l-sØ-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂Xv. Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L-´-Øns‚
Bh-iy-߃ \n¿h-ln-°p-I-bm-Wh sNbvXXv. Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb hn[n-hn-e-
°p-Iƒ C∂sØ Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ A{]-k-‡-ß-fmWv; A{]m-tbm-Kn-Ihpw.
CXn¬\n∂v, B {KŸ-߃ Hcp {]tXyI kml-N-cy-Øn\pw \n›nX Ime-
L-´-Øn\pw am{Xw D≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p {Kln°mw. F∂m¬ hnip≤ Jp¿-
B-\m-Is´, a\p-jy-s\-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂Xv. Hcp {]tXyI
kap-Zm-bsØ am{Xw Dt±-in-®p-≈-XmWv Jp¿-B≥ F∂v tXm∂n-°p∂ Hcp
hm°p-t]mepw AXn¬ ImWp-I-bn√. AXns‚ imk-\-Iƒ GXv ÿeØpw
GXv ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bnepw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amWv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ apgp-h≥
temI-Øn-∂p-ap≈ imizX {KŸ-amWv F∂v CXv hy‡-am-°p∂p.
6. ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-se√mw [m¿an-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb Nne D]-tZ-
i-߃ AS-ßn-bn-´p≠v. km∑m¿KnI XØz-ß-fp≠v. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv
PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZi-ap≠v. F∂m¬, Ah-bn-sem∂pw
apgp-h≥ Imcy-ßfpw H∂mbn kam-lc - n-°s
- ∏-´n-´n√. Cu khn-ti-jX hnip≤
Jp¿-B-∂p-am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-XmWv. CXc {KŸ-ß-fn¬ sht∆sd InS-
∂n-cp∂ hninjvS KpW-ß-sf√mw Jp¿-B-\n¬ H∂mbn tiJ-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-
°p∂p. ap≥{K-Ÿ-߃ hn´p-I-f-™-hbpw Jp¿-B-\n-ep≠v.
7. ap≥{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-se√mw a\p-jy-cpsS CS-s]-S¬ aqew kXy-hn-cp-≤hpw
bp‡n-lo-\-hp-amb Imcy-߃ IS-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]e Bi-b-ßfpw
A{I-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw BWv. BZ¿i˛hnizmk˛ I¿a-ßsf Zpjn-∏n-°p-
∂-h-bp-ap≠v. Nne {KŸ-ß-fn¬ tæ—hpw kt`y-X-c-hp-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ
t]mepw ImWmw. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ AØcw amen-\y-ß-fn¬
\ns∂√mw ]cn-ip-≤-amWv. Ak-Xytam bp‡n-hn-cp-≤tam Bb bmsXm∂pw
AXn-en√. AXn-ep≈ Hcp kwK-Xnbpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw A\p-`-h-ßfpw hgn
sX‰m-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m-\p-am-hn√. AXns‚ Hcp hn[n-bn¬ t]mepw A\o-
Xn-bp-sStbm A{I-a-Øn-s‚tbm IWnI t]mepw ImWn√. a\p-jys\
Zp¿am¿K-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂ H∂p-an√, AXn¬. tæ—-X-bp-sStbm \n¿e-
÷-X-bp-sStbm Ie¿∏p t]mepw C√. BZy¥w DZm-Ø-amb bp‡n-Ifpw
D∂-Xa - mb \oXn \njvTbpw [m¿anI˛ kZm-Nmc \n¿tZ-iß - fpw k¿thm¬Ir-
jvS-amb \nb-a-hn-[n-Ifpw \nd™ Hcp {KŸ-am-WXv.
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 79
Cu khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ aqe-amWv Jp¿-B-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-hm\pw a‰p
{KŸ-߃°v ]Icw Jp¿-Bs\ am{Xw A\p-K-an-°p-hm\pw a\p-jy-cm-in-
tbmSv ssZhw B⁄m-]n-®n-´p-≈Xv. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm-\m-
h-iy-amb am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-߃ H∂pw hn´p-t]m-ImsX AXn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-
´p≠v. AXp-≈-t∏mƒ as‰mcp {KŸ-Øns‚ Bhiyw Xs∂ Ah-ti-jn-°p-
∂n√.
hnip-≤-Jp¿-B\pw CXc {KŸ-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw {Kln-°p-∂-
tXmsS a‰p {KŸ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw Jp¿-B-\n-ep≈ hnizm-khpw XΩn-
ep≈ A¥-c-sa-s¥∂pw hy‡-amhpw. CX-c -{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw
shdpw hnizmkw am{X-amWv˛ Ah-sb√mw ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂p-≈-h-bm-bn-
cp-∂p-sh∂pw hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ Ah-X-c-tWm-t±iyw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-
bp-tSXpw F∂p-ap≈ hnizmkw. F∂m¬, ]cn-ip≤Jp¿-B\ - n-ep≈ hnizmkw
C{]-Im-c-amWv: AXv km£m¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-amWv; BZy¥w kXy-amWv;
]q¿W-ambpw kpc-£n-Xa - mWv; AXnse hn[n-Is
- f√mw A\p-kc- n-°¬ \n¿_-
‘-amWv; AXn∂v hncp-≤-amb kI-eXpw X≈n-°-f-tb-≠-Xp-amWv.
ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-ep≈ hnizmkw
ssZhn-I-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øn\v tijw ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-
I-∑m-cn¬ hniz-kn-°p-hm-\mWv B⁄m-]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. F√m kaq-
l-ß-fnepw ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿ h∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) {]t_m-
[\w sNbvX AtX ktµ-i-amWv Ahcpw sIm≠p-h-∂n-cp-∂Xv F∂pw apºv
]d-™p-ht√m. ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-sc√mw Htc KW-Øn¬ s]´-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
∂m-Wn-Xn-\¿Yw. At∏mƒ Ah-cn-sem-cmsf \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw
F√m-h-scbpw \ncm-I-cn-°pI F∂mWv. Hcm-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-I-sb-∂m¬
F√m-h-cnepw hniz-kn-°pI F∂pw. Htc Imcyw ]d-bp∂ ]Øp-t]-cn-sem-
cmsf hniz-kn-®m¬ F√m-h-scbpw kXy-hm-∑m-cmbn \mw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-
bmWv. Ah-cn-sem-cmƒ hymP-\mWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw F√m-hcpw
hymP-∑m-cmWv F∂pw. CXp-sIm-≠mWv apgp-h≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw hniz-
kn-°¬ Ckvem-an¬ \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo¿∂Xv. GsX-¶nepw Hcp {]hm-N-
Is\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h≥, as‰-√m-h-cnepw hniz-kn-®mepw, \ntj[n Xs∂-
bmWv.
`qan-bn¬ \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cpsS kwJy Hcp e£Øn Ccp-
]-Øn-\m-em-bncw BsW∂v Nne Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fn¬ h∂n-´p≠v. `qap-JØv
P\-hmkw XpS-ßn-bn´v Ime-sa-{Xtbm Bbn. F{Xtbm P\-k-ap-Zm-b-߃
ChnsS Pohn®p acn®p. B \ne°v Cu kwJy H´pw IqSp-X-embn tXm∂p-I-
bn√. Cu ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn¬ Jp¿-B≥ t]sc-SpØp ]d-™-h-cn¬ \mw hy‡-
am-bn-Øs∂ hniz-kn-t°-≠X - p≠v. a‰p-≈h
- c
- psS Imcy-Øn¬, ssZhw kz¥w
Zmk-∑m-cpsS am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-®-h-sc√mw kXy-k-‘-cm-bn-
cp-∂p-sh∂v samØ-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°mt\ \tΩmSv B⁄m-]n-®n-´p≈q. `qtKm-
f-Øns‚ GtXXv `mK-sØ√mw {]hm-N-I≥ h∂n-´pt≠m Ah-cn-se√mw \mw
hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. ]t£, Hcp {]tXyI hy‡n {]hm-N-I-\m-sWt∂m
As√t∂m Xo¿Øp ]d-bm≥ \ap°v \nhr-Øn-bn√. ImcWw, Abm-sf-°p-
dn®v bmsXm-c-dnhpw \ap°v e`n-®n-´n√. F∂m¬, hnhn[ aX-°m¿ Xß-
80 CkvemwaXw
fpsS am¿K-Z¿i-Ic - mbn AwKo-Ic - n-®p-t]m-cp∂ hy‡n-Iƒs°-Xn-cmbn h√Xpw
]d-bm≥ \ap°v Hcn-°epw A\p-hm-Z-an√. ImcWw, bYm¿Y-Øn-e-h¿ {]hm-
N-I-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂n-cn°mw. ]n∂oSv, aqkm-\_n, Cukm-\_n(A) XpS-ßn-b-
h-cpsS Imcy-Øn-se∂ t]mse, Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ßfpw ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ
Zpjn-∏n-®-Xmhmw. AXn-\m¬, \mw A`n-{]mbw h√Xpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-
¶n¬ Ah-cpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®v am{Xta BImhq. aX-t\-Xm-°-
sf-°p-dn®v au\-a-h-ew-_n-°Ww. Cs√-¶n¬ Nne-t∏mƒ \mw Adn-bmsX
`¿’n-°p∂Xv Hcp bYm¿Y {]hm-N-Is\ BsW∂v hcmw.
apl-ΩZv\_n(k)sbt∏mse ap≥ {]hm-NI - ∑
- mcpw kXy-k‘- c
- m-bn-cp∂p;
ssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p; Ckvem-anI am¿Kw ImWn®p
sImSp-Ø-h-cm-bn-cp∂p. C°m-cy-ß-fn-sem∂pw apl-ΩZv\_nbpw ap≥ {]hm-
N-I-∑mcpw XΩn¬ A¥-c-sam-∂p-an-√. F∂m¬, aq∂p Imcy-ß-fn¬ hyXym-
k-ap≠v.
1. ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc√mw Hmtcm {]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°pw Hcp
\n›nX Ime-tØ°pw am{X-ambn \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬,
apl-ΩZv(k) apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cm-in-°p-ambn Fs∂-t∂-°p-ap≈ {]hm-N-I-
\m-bn-´mWv ssZhw Ab-®Xv. C°mcyw Ign™ A[ym-b-Øn¬ khn-iZw
{]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-ht√m.
2. ap≥{]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS in£-W-߃ Xotc A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-°-gn™p.
h√Xpw tijn-∏p-s≠-¶n¬Øs∂ Ah bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ kpc-£n-X-ambn
\ne-\n-ev°p∂n√. Ah-cpsS PohnX Ncy-Ifpw bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ Cs∂-
hn-sSbpw e`y-a√. Ah-sb√mw sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-ambn cq]w
amdn-t∏mbn. X∑qew Ah-cpsS Ncy ]n¥p-S-cpI C∂-km-[y-amWv. XnI®pw
hyXy-kvXa - mWv apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS ÿnXn. At±-lØ - ns‚ A[ym-]\ - ß
- fpw
Pohn-X-N-cybpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw {]h¿Ø-\-ssi-enbpw kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-
I-fp-sa√mw C∂v kpc-£n-Xa - m-bh- t- i-jn-°p-∂p≠v. At±-ls - Ø-°p-dn®v Adn-
bm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ F¥pw \ap-°n∂v e`y-amWv. XZ-Sn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ C∂v "Pohn-
®n-cn-∏p≈' GI {]hm-N-I≥ apl-ΩZv\_n(k) am{X-amWv. At±-lsØ
am{Xta \ap-°n∂v A\p-K-an-°m≥ km[n°q.
3. ap≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS {]mtbm-KnI in£-W-߃ Xm¬°m-en-Ihpw
A]q¿W-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm {]hm-N-I∂pw tijw hcp-∂-bmƒ ap≥Km-an-
bpsS \nb-a-hn-[n-Ifpw I¿a-\n¿tZ-i-ßfpw ]cn-jvI-cn®p. Cu ]cn-jvI-cWw
A°m-e-ß-fn¬ \nc-¥cw \S-∂n-cp∂p. CXp-sIm-≠mWv Ah-cpsS in£-
W-߃°v ssZhw imiz-Xn-IXzw \evIm-Xn-cp-∂Xv. Xmc-X-tay\ ]q¿W-amb
Hcp hyhÿ D≠m-bn-cns°, A]q¿W-amb ap≥hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ Bh-iy-an-
√t√m. Ah-km\w apl-ΩZv\_n(k) aptJ\ F√m-‰nepw ]cn-]q¿Whpw
imiz-X-hp-amb Hcn-kvem-anI hyhÿ \evI-s∏´p. AtXmsS kIe ap≥-
Ime {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw I¿a-am¿K-߃ kzbw Zp¿_-e-s∏´p. ImcWw,
]cn-]q¿W-am-b-Xn-cns° A]q¿W-am-bXv kzoI-cn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv bp‡nhncp-
≤-amWv. Ct∏mƒ apl-ΩZv\_n(k)sb A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬
apgp-h≥ {]hm-N-I≥am-sc-bp-am-W-\p-K-an-°p-∂Xv. ImcWw, ap≥{]-hm-N-I-∑m-
cpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ apgp-h≥ \∑-Ifpw apl-ΩZv\_n-bp-tS-
Xn-ep≠v. F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv\_nsb hn´v ap≥{]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ h√-h-scbpw
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 81
A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h∂v Gsd \∑-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mIpw. ImcWw, ]nev°m-
eØv e`n® \∑-Iƒ ap≥in-£-W-ß-fn-ep-≠m-hn-√t√m.
C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬ apl-ΩZv\_nsb am{Xw A\p-K-an-t°-≠Xv a\p-jy-
cm-in°v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ apl-Ω-Zv\_nsb kw_-
‘n®v aq∂v Imcy-߃ hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. H∂v: \_nXncp-ta\n ssZh-
Øns‚ bYm¿Y {]hm-NI - \
- mWv. c≠v: At±-lØ - ns‚ \n¿tZ-iß
- ƒ G‰hpw
kºq¿W-amWv; Ah-bn¬ bmsXmcp t]mcm-bva-bp-an√; Ah Xo¿Øpw
A_≤ ap‡-amWv. aq∂v: Xncp-ta\n ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-km-\sØ {]hm-N-
I-\mWv; C\n, Imem¥yw hsc Hcp kap-Zm-b-Ønepw Hcp {]hm-N-I≥ hcn√;
apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ hniz-kn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-btXm hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬
\ntj-[n-bm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂tXm Bb Hcp hy‡nbpw C\n-bp-≠m-hn√.
]c-tem-I-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw
apl-ΩZv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in® A©m-asØ kwKXn ]c-
tem-I-amWv. Cu hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mK-ambn hcp∂ Imcy-ß-fn-h-bmWv:
1. Hcp Znhkw ssZhw ka-kvXt- em-Iß
- s- fbpw AXnse apgp-h≥ krjvSn-
Pm-e-ß-sfbpw \in-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv. B Znh-k-Øn-\mWv"buap¬ Jnbm-
aØv' (A¥y-Zn\w) F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.
2. ]n∂oSv ssZhw kI-e-P-\-߃°pw c≠m-a-sXmcp PohnXw \evIpw.
F√m-hcpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cmIpw. AXn-∂mWv "buap¬ liv¿'
(ktΩ-f\ Zn\w) F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.
3. a\p-jy≥ Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-XØn¬ sNbvX k¿h I¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw
]q¿W-amb tcJ A∂v ssZh-k-a£w ka¿∏n-°-s∏Spw.
4. Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw \∑˛Xn∑-Iƒ Xpe\wsNbvXv \∑ I\w Xqßn-
b-hsc ssZhw A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw Xn∑-Iƒ I\w IqSn-b-hsc in£n-°p-
∂-Xp-amWv.
5. A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ kz¿K-Øn-te°pw in£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ \c-
I-Øn-te°pw t]mIp-∂-XmWv.
]c-temIhnizm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX
]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn® \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Cu hnh-cWw Xs∂-bmWv
ap≥ Ign™ F√m {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw \evIn-bn-´p-≈Xv. AXn-ep≈ hnizmkw
apkvenamIp-hm≥ F°m-eØpw Hgn-®p-Iq-SmØ \n_-‘-\-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]c-
tem-IsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Itbm AXn¬ kwi-bn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-h≥
"Im^n¿' BsW∂v F√m {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw {]Jym-]n-®n-´p≠v. ImcWw, Cu
hnizm-k-an-s√-¶n¬ ]ns∂ ssZh-Ønepw ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cnepw ssZh-{K-Ÿ-Øn-
ep-ap≈ hnizm-k-sa√mw \nc¿Y-I-amWv. am{X-a√, a\pjy Pohn-Xw-Xs∂
\mi-Øn-te°v \oßp-Ibpw sNøpw. CXv \njv{]-bmkw {Kln-°m-hp∂ Imcy-
amWv. h√ tPmenbpw sNøm≥ \mw B⁄m-]n-°-s∏-´m¬ BZy-ap-b-cp∂
tNmZyw AXv sNbvXm-ep≈ KpW-sa¥v, Cs√-¶n-ep≈ tZmj-sa¥v F∂mWv.
Cu tNmZyw F¥p-sIm-≠p-Zv`-hn®p? ^e-an-√mØ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ A\m-h-
iyhpw A¿Y- i q- \ y- h p- a mWv F∂v a\p- j y- { ]- I rXn hn[n Iev ] n- ° p-
∂XpsIm≠m-WnXv. Hcp KpWhpw e`n-°n-s√-∂p-d-∏p≈ Hcp tPmen°v h√-
82 CkvemwaXw
hcpw Hcp-ßptam? AXp-t]mse, tZmj-sam∂pw hcp-Øn-s√-∂p-d-∏p≈ Hcp
tPmen h¿Pn-°p-Ib - p-an√. kwi-bØ- n-s‚bpw ÿnXn CXp-Xs∂. ^ew kwi-
bm-kv]-Z-amb Hcp tPmen-bn¬ a\ v Dd-®p-\n-ev°p-I-bn√. tZmj-I-c-sa∂v
kwi-bn-°p-Ia- m{Xw sNøp∂ Hcp tPmen-bp-t]-£n-°m≥ henb D’m-lhpw
ImWn-°n√. A·n Icn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂ hnizmkw inip-°ƒ°n-√m-Ø-Xp-
sIm-≠mWv Ah-c-Xn¬ ssIsh-°p-∂Xv. hnZym-`ymkwsIm≠p≈ KpWw
{Kln-°m≥ Ip´n-Iƒ A{]m-]vX-cm-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m hnZy A`y-kn-°p-
∂-Xn-e-h¿ aSn-Im-Wn-°p-∂Xv. AXp-t]mse, ssZh-hn-izm-khpw ssZhln-X-
Øn-s\mØ Pohn-Xhpw Xotc \njv^-e-am-sWt∂ ]c-temI \ntj[n hnNm-
cn-°-bp≈q. Ahs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ssZhm-\p-k-cWwsIm≠v h√
KpWtam [n°mcwsIm≠v h√ tZmjtam hcm-\n√. F∂n-cns°, Ah-s\-
ßs\ ssZh-I-ev]-\-Ifpw {]hm-N-I-im-k-\-I-fp-a-\p-k-cn°pw? ssZh-Øns‚
AkvXnXzw Ah≥ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬Øs∂ AXp-sIm≠v ^e-hp-an√.
ImcWw, ]c-tem-I-Øn¬ hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-Xn¬ Ah≥ ssZhm-⁄If\p-
k-cn-°p-Itbm ssZhm-`o-jvS-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-°p-Itbm C√.
Imcyw ChnSwsIm≠-h-km-\n-°p-∂n√. ]c-temIhnizm-ktam \ntj-
[tam BWv a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hn[n \n¿W-bn-°p-∂Xv F∂p-ImWmw.
ap≥sNm∂-t]mse, I¿a-^ew ap≥\n¿Øn-bmWv, Hcp Imcyw sNø-Wtam
th≠tbm F∂v a\pjy {]IrXn Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv. Hcm-fpsS t\m´w euIn-
I-amb em`-\-jvS-ß-fn¬ am{X-am-sW-¶n¬ Cl-tem-IØv em`w In´mØ
Hcp {]hr-Ønbpw sNøm≥ Abmƒ k∂-≤-\m-hp-I-bn√. ChnsS \jvSw
`b-°p∂ Hcp Zp¿hr-Ønbpw shSn-bp-I-bp-an√. adn®v, ]mc-{XnI t\´-ß-fn¬
t\m´w sh°p-∂b - mƒ Cl-tem-IØ - nse em`-\j - vSß
- sf Xm¬°m-en-Ia- mtb
IW-°m°q. am{X-a√, \∑ F{X hºn® euInI \jvSw hcp-Øn-sh-®mepw
Abmƒ \∑-Xs∂ sNøpw. Xn∑ F{X henb em`w t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ømepw
AXv h¿Pn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ImcWw, ]c-tem-I-Ønse imiz-X-amb em`-
\-jvS-ß-fm-W-bmƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-∂Xv. Cu c≠p hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn¬
Fs¥m-c-¥cw! Hcm-fpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ k¬°¿aw Cl-tem-I-Ønse £Wn-
I-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ h√ kZv^-ehpw e`n-°p-∂-h-bmWv. Ipd®v ]Ww,
Aev]w `qan, ÿm\-am-\ß - ƒ, t]cpw s]cp-abpw, A`n-\µ
- \
- hpw {]iw-kbpw,
Aev]w B\-µhpw kt¥m-jhpw˛ CsXms° t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ I¿a-ß-
fm-W-bmƒ°v k¬°¿aw. ZpjvI¿a-am-Is´, Cl-tem-IØv Zpjv^-e-ap-f-hm-
°p-∂-htbm Aßs\ `b-s∏-Sm-hp-∂tXm Bb IrXy-ßfpw. DZm-l-c-W-
ambn, Poh-\jvSw, [\-\jvSw, Btcm-Ky-Øn\v lm\n, Zpjvt∏cv, `c-W-Iq-S-
Øns‚ in£m-\-S-]Sn, ZpxJw XpS-ßn-b-h°v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂h. F∂m¬,
c≠m-asØ a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw k¬°¿aw ssZh-an-jvS-s∏-
Sp-∂Xpw ZpjvI¿aw ssZhw shdp-°p-∂Xpw BWv. k¬-°¿aw Ah∂v
bmsXm-ssc-lnI t\´-hpw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Øn-s√-¶nepw Ah-\Xv k¬°¿a-am-
bn-Øs∂ IcpXpw˛ AXv Fs¥¥v \jvS-߃ Ah-t∂-ev]n-®mepw icn.
Ah-km\w ssZhw X\n°v imiz-X-amb {]Xn-^ew \evIp-sa∂v Abmƒ
ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°pw. AXp-t]mse ZpjvI¿aw Ah∂v Cl-tem-IØv
h≥em`w t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ømepw Abm-fh - sb ZpjvI¿aw F∂p-Xs∂ IcpXpw.
Chn-SsØ {lkz-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ B\-µ-Øn-em-dm-Sm≥ Ign-™mepw ssZh-
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 83
in-£-bn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ Hcn-°epw Ign-bn-s√∂v Abm-fp-d®p hniz-kn-
°p∂p.
Cu hyXykvX ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ a\pjy\p-ap-ºn¬ c≠v hyXykvX am¿K-
߃ Xpd-°p∂p. ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-an-√mØ a\p-jy∂v Ckvem-anI ]mX-
bn-eqsS HcSn apt∂m´p \oßm-\m-hn√. Ckvemw kImØv sImSp-°m≥ ]d-
bp-tºmƒ kImØv Xs‚ [\-Øn¬ IpdhphcpØpw F∂mhpw Abm-fpsS
t]Sn. AXv ]en-i°p sImSp-Øm¬ Zcn-{Zs‚ ho´nse ]p¬s°m-Sn-t]mepw
kz¥-am°mw. F¥p kw`-hn-®mepw kXyta ]d-bmhq, Hcn-°epw Ifhv ]d-
b-cpXv F∂v Ckvemw B⁄m-]n-°p-tºmƒ kXyw ]d-™n´v bmsXmcp
em`-hp-an√,- \jvS-ap≠v Xm\pw. B kXyw X\n-°p-th≠ F∂m-hpw adp-
]Sn. hymP-am-Is´ em`-I-camWv. AXv Xms\-¥n\v h¿Pn-°Ww? Bfn-√mØ
hgn-bn¬sh®v Abmƒs°mcp hne-]n-Sn® hkvXp hoWp In´p∂p. "AXv
\nt‚-X-s√-¶n-se-Sp-°-cpXv' F∂v Ckvemw Ah-t\mSv ]d-bp∂p. Ahs‚
adp-]Sn: CXv shdpsX e`n® km[-\-amWv; Rm\n-sX-¥n-\p-t]-£n-°Ww?
ChnsS Bcp-an√. AXp-sIm≠v Bcpw t]meo-kn-e-dn-bn-°n√; tImS-Xn-bn¬
FXn¿ km£n ]d-bn√; F\n°v ZpjvIo¿Øn-bp-≠m-hp-Ib - p-an√. ]ns∂ CsX-
¥p-sIm≠v F\n-°\ - p-`h
- n-®p-IqSm? Hcmƒ Ahs‚ ]°¬ Hcp hkvXp kq£n-
°m-t\-ev]n®p. DSs\ Abmƒ acn-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ, "ac-
W-s∏-´-hs‚ [\w Abm-fpsS Ah-Im-in-Iƒs°-Øn-°Ww' F∂v Ckvemw
Ah-t\mSv ]d-bp∂p. Ahs‚ {]Xyp-Øcw: Rm\sX-¥n\v sImSp-°Ww?
acn-®-hs‚ ]Ww Fs‚ ]°-ep-s≠-∂-Xn\v F¥mWv sXfnhv? Ahs‚
IpSpw-_-߃°-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®-dn-bn√; AXp-sIm≠v F\n-°-X-\p-`-hn°mw; Hc-
]-Io¿Ønbpw `b-s∏-Sm-\n√. Npcp-°-Øn¬, PohnX bm{X-bn¬ Ckvemw
Ah∂v Hcp am¿Kw ImWn®psImSp-°p-tºmƒ FXn¿ Zni-bn-ep≈ as‰mcp
hgn-°m-W-h≥ t]mhpI. Ckvem-an¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw ÿm\hpw hnebpw
]c-tem-I-Ønse imiz-X-^-e-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv. Ah-∂m-Is´,
Cl-tem-IØ - nse £WnI Pohn-XØ - n¬ {]Xy-£s
- ∏-Sp∂ ^e-ßf - psS ASn-
ÿm-\-Ønepw. C{Xbpw ]d-™-Xn¬\n∂v, ]c-temI hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-h≥
F¥p-sIm≠v apkven-am-hp-I-bn√ F∂v hy‡w. F∂p am{X-a√, ]c-temI
\ntj[w a\p-jys\ arK-ß-sf-°mƒ XmW P¥p-hm°n am‰p-Ibpw sNøpw.
]c-temIhnizmkw bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬
]c-temIhnizm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw kZv^-e-ß-fp-amWv CXp-hsc
]d-™Xv. C\n, AsX-∏‰n apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) hnh-cn® Imcy-ß-fmWv {]Xn-
]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv. Ah bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ icn-bm-bn-´p-≈-h-bmtWm
F∂pw ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]c-tem-I-hn-izmkw hmkvX-h-Øn¬, bp‡nsb
Bkv]-Zn-®p-≈-X√. Dd® hnizm-k-am-W-Xn-∂-Sn-ÿm\w. F∂n-cp-∂mepw,
\mw _p≤n-bp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-]£w ]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn®v apl-Ω-Zv\_n ]Tn-
∏n® Imcy-ßf - mWv a‰p Nn¥m-KX
- n-Is
- f-°mƒ bp‡n-\n-jvTa
- m-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂v
ImWm≥ Ignbpw.
ac-Wm-\-¥-c- Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v apJy-ambpw aq∂v `n∂ ho£-W-ß-
fm-Wp-≈Xv. H∂v: ac-Wm-\-¥cw a\p-jy≥ \in®v aÆm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p. A\-
¥cw as‰mcp Pohn-X-an√. imkv{Xo-b-Nn-¥-I¿ F∂v hmZn-°p∂ \mkvXn-I-
84 CkvemwaXw
cpsS A`n-{]m-b-am-WnXv. c≠v: a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ I¿a-^-e-a-\p-`-hn-°p-hm-\mbn
ASn-°Sn Cu temI-tØ-°p-Xs∂ ]p\¿P-\n-°p∂p. ZpjvI¿aw sNbvX-
h¿ ASpØ P∑-Øn¬ ]q®, \mb XpS-ßnb P¥p-°tfm, hr£tam, \oN-
h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ a\p-jytcm Bbn P∑-sa-Sp-°p∂p. k¬°¿aw sNbvX-h-
cm-Is´, D¬IrjvS ]Z-hn-bn-se-Øp∂p. sI´p-d-∏n-√mØ Nne aX-ß-fpsS
ImgvN-∏m-Sm-WnXv. aq∂v: Cu temIw Hcn-°¬ \in°pw. ho≠pw ssZh-k-
∂n-[n-bn¬ ]p\¿P-\n°pw. a\p-jy≥ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ hnNm-cW sNø-
s∏Spw. k÷-\-߃°v kz¿Khpw Zp¿P-\-߃°v \c-Ihpw {]Xn-^-e-ambn
\evI-s∏Spw. CXv temIm-cw`w apX-ev°p≈ apgp-h≥ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw
GI-I-WvT-amb {]Jym-]-\-amWv.
BZy-hn-`m-K-°m-cpsS hnizmkw H∂v ]cn-Nn-¥\w sNømw. Ah-cpsS
\ymb-an-XmWv: ""ac-Wm-\-¥cw h√-hcpw Pohn-®-Xmbn R߃ I≠n-´n√.
acn-®-h-sc√mw aÆn¬ ebn-®p-tN-cp-I-bmWv. AXn-\m¬, ac-Wm-\-¥cw Hcp
Pohn-X-an√.''CsX-ß-s\-bmWv Hcp sXfn-hm-Ip-∂Xv? ac-Wm-\-¥cw Bcpw
Pohn-®-Xmbn ImWm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ ac-Wm-\-¥cw F¥m-Ip-sa∂v R߃°-dn-
™p-IqSm F∂p am{X-at√ \s∂-°-hn-™m¬ ]d-bm-\mhq? ac-Wm-\-¥cw
H∂p-an-s√∂v R߃°-dnbmw F∂v Fßs\ ]dbpw? Xotc hnam\w
ImWmØ Hcp {Kmao-W≥ hnam\w F¥m-sW-s∂-\n-°-dn-™p-IqSm F∂t√
]d-bmhq? hnam-\ta C√ Fs∂-\n-°-dnbmw F∂p ]d-bmtam? Hcmƒ Hcp
km[\w I≠n-´n√ F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw Aß-s\-sbmcp km[-\ta C√ F∂-
√t√m. Hcmƒ°pw Aßs\ hmZn-°m≥ km[y-a√.
c≠m-asØ A`n-{]m-b-a-\p-k-cn®v, Ct∏mƒ Hcp hy‡nsb a\p-jy-\m-
bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv ap≥P-∑-Øn¬ arKtam at‰m Bbn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ sNbvX kpIr-
X-ßf - psS ^e-am-bn-´mWv. Ct∏mƒ Hcp Pohnsb arK-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv ap≥P-
∑-Øn¬ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ sNbvX ]m]-ß-fpsS ^e-ambpw. At∏m-
sgmcp tNmZyw. BZyw Cu Pohn F¥m-bn-cp∂p? a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬
AXn\p apºv arKtam hr£tam Bbn-cn-°-W-at√m. C\n, BZyw arKtam
hr£tam Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn\papºv a\p-jy\pw Bbn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww.
Npcp-°-Øn¬, krjvSn Bcw-`-Øn-se-¥m-bn-cp∂p F∂v Cu hn`m-K-°m¿°v
Xocp-am-\n-°pI km[y-a√. ImcWw, Hmtcm P∑hpw ap≥P-∑-Øns‚ I¿a-
^-e-am-sW∂v Xocp-am-\n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Hmtcm P∑-Øn-s‚bpw apºv as‰mcp
P∑-ap-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠Xv \n¿_-‘-amWv. AXm-Is´, bp‡n°v IS-I-hn-cp-
≤hpw.
C\n, aq∂m-asØ BZ¿i-sa-Sp°mw: AXn-em-ZysØ Imcyw, temI-Øn-
s\m-c-¥y-ap-s≠∂pw XZ-\-¥cw CXn-s\-°mƒ D∂-Xhpw A\-iz-c-hp-amb
as‰mcp temIw ssZhw krjvSn-°p-sa-∂p-amWv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ Hcp kwi-b-
Øn\pw Ah-Im-i-an√. {]]-©-sØ-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-°p-t¥mdpw CXv
\iz-c-am-sW-∂-Xn\v IqSp-X¬ sXfn-hp-Iƒ e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv.
ChnsS {]h¿Øn-°p∂ i‡n-Iƒs°√mw ]cn-an-X-amb Bbpt D≈q.
Ah Hcp Znhkw Ah-km-\n®p t]mIp-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmWv. apgp-h≥ {]Ir-
Xn-im-kv{X-⁄-∑mcpw AwKo-I-cn-®-Xm-Wn-°mcyw. Hcp L´-Øn¬ kqcy≥
XWpØv {]Im-i-a-‰-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂pw tKmf-߃ XΩn¬ Iq´n-bn-Sn®v
XI¿∂p-t]m-Ip-sa∂pw Ah¿ Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp∂p.
hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ 85 86 CkvemwaXw

a\p-jy∂v ]p\-cp-∞m-\-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-∂-XmWv c≠m-asØ Imcyw. CXv ta¬ hnh-cn® A©v BZ¿i-ßf - n-t∑-emWv Ckvemw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv.*
Akm-[y-amtWm? BsW-¶n¬ Ah-∂n-t∏mƒ e`n® PohnXw Fß-s\- In´n? Ah-bpsS cXv\-®p-cp°w ""emC-eml C√-√mlp apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln''
Cl-tem-IØv a\p-jys\ krjvSn® ssZh-Øn\v ]c-tem-IØpw Ahs\ F∂ ]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn-´p≠v. \mw ""emC-eml C√-√mlp''F∂p-
]p\x-kr-jvSn-°m≥ Ignbpw. ®-cn-°p-∂-tXmsS F√m \njn≤ ssZh-ß-sfbpw hn´v GI-ssZ-h-Øns‚
aq∂m-asØ Imcyw, a\p-jy-I¿a-ß-fpsS tcJ kq£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p- am{Xw ASn-aØw kzoI-cn-°p∂p. ""apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln'' F∂p-IqSn D®-
s≠∂pw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ah, a\p-jy-t\m-sSm∏w, lmP-cm-°-s∏Spw cn-°p-tºmƒ apl-ΩZv\_n ssZh-Øns‚ ZqX-\m-sW∂pw \mw kΩ-Xn®p.
F∂p-ap-≈X - mWv. CXn-∂p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Cl-tem-IØ - p-Xs∂ [mcm-fa
- p≠v. ZuXy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-tXmsS, ssZhw, ssZhn-I-Kp-W-߃, ae-°p-Iƒ,
\ΩpsS i_vZw hmbpafi-e-Øn¬ Ae-Iƒ krjvSn®v \in-®p-t]m-Ip∂p ssZh-{K-Ÿ-߃, ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿, ]c-temIw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v Xncp-Zq-X¿
F∂mWv apºv [cn-®n-cp-∂Xv. F∂m¬, Hmtcm i_vZhpw Np‰p-ap≈ hkvXp- ]Tn-∏n® AtX hn[w hniz-kn-t°-≠Xv \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ssZhsØ
°-fn¬ AXns‚ Nn{Xw \nt£-]n-®p-sh-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw Ah ho≠pw ]pd- Bcm-[n-°p-hm\pw A\p-kc- n-°p-hm\pw Xncp-ta\n ImWn-®p-X∂ am¿K-tatXm
sØ-Sp-°pI km[y-am-sW∂pap≈ hkvXpX C∂m¿°pw Adn-bm-Ø-X√. AXv IWn-i-ambn ]n≥]-‰m\pw \mw _m[y-ÿ-cmbn amdp∂p.
{Kma-t^m¨ dn°m¿Up-I-fn¬ Cu XØz-amWv {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´Xv. \ΩpsS
kI-e-hn[ Ne-\-ßfpw Ah-bp-ambn h√-hn-t[-\bpw kv]¿in-°p∂ hkvXp-
°-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. CXv icn-bm-sW-¶n¬, \ΩpsS I¿a-ß-fpsS tcJ-
Iƒ kpc-£n-X-ambn ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬
kwibw th≠.
\mem-asØ hkvXpX hnNm-c-Wbpw {]Xn-^-e-Zm-\hpw BWv. CXn¬
F¥v bp‡n-`w-K-am-Wp-≈Xv? a\pjy I¿a-߃ ssZhw hnNm-cW \S-Ø-
W-sa∂pw \oXn-]q¿hw hn[n Iev]n-°-W-sa∂pap≈Xv a\p-jy-_p-≤n-bpsS
Xs∂ Xm¬]-cy-amWv. Chn-sS-sbmcp a\p-jy≥ \∑ am{Xw {]h¿Øn-°p∂p.
]t£, AXns‚ bmsXmcp kZv^-ehpw Cl-tem-IØv Abmƒ°v e`n-°p-
∂n√. as‰m-cmƒ Bbp-jvIm-e-a-{Xbpw ZpjvI¿a߃ sNøp∂p. F∂m¬ * Cuam≥ Imcy-߃ A©m-bn-´mWv Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv. CXv hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬
bmsXmcp \jvShpw Abmƒ°v ]‰p-∂n√. am{X-a√, k¬°¿aw sNbvX- ""kqd-Øp¬ _Jd''bnse ""Ba-\¿d-kqep _nam D≥kne Csseln....'', kqd-Øp-∂n-
Xns‚ t]cn¬ Ah¿W-\o-b-amb IjvS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw Zpcn-X-ßfpw A\p-`-hn- kmCse ""ha≥ bIv^p¿ _n√mln ha-em-C-°-Ønln....'' F∂o hmIy-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-
am-°n-bmWv. \_nhN-\-ß-fn¬ ""JZvdn''ep≈ hnizm-khpw Cuam≥ Imcy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-
t°-≠n-h-cp∂ F{Xtbm t]cp≠v. ZpjvIr-Xy-߃ sNbvXv BPo-h-\m¥w Sp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an√. At∏mƒ Cuam≥ Imcy-߃ Bdm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-XmWv.
B\-µX - p-µn-ec
- mbn Pohn-°p-∂h
- c
- pap≠v. Cu A\p-`h- ß
- ƒ, k÷-\ß- ƒ°v F∂m¬, bYm¿Y-Øn¬ JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Xs∂
{]Xn-^-ehpw Zp¿P-\-߃°v in£bpw Ft∏m-sg-¶n-ep-sam-cn-°¬ e`n-t°- Awi-amWv. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ B \ne-°mWv AXv hnh-cn-®n-´p-≈Xv. AXn-\m¬ Rm\pw
{]kvXpX hnizm-ksØ GI-ssZ-hh - n-izm-kØ
- ns‚ hni-Zo-Ic
- W
- Ø
- n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Ib
- mWv
≠-Xm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂p. sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv. Nne \_n-h-N-\-ß-fn¬ kz¿Kw, \cIw, kzndmØv, aokm≥ F∂n-hsb
kz¿Khpw \c-I-hp-amWv HSp-hn-e-tØXv. Chbpw Akw-`-hy-a√. hm\˛ {]tXyIw hnizm-k-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fmbn hnh-cn-®n-´p≠v. At∏mƒ Cuam≥ Imcy-߃
`ph-\-ßsf krjvSn® ssZh-Øn\v kz¿K \c-I-ß-fpsS krjvSn∏v am{Xw Bdn¬ IqSp-X-emIpw. hmkvX-h-am-Is´, Ah-sb√mw ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ LS-I-ß-
fmWv.
Akm-[ytam? ssZhw P\-ßsf hnNm-cW sNbvXv c£m-in-£-Iƒ \evIpw.
˛{KŸ-Im-c≥
c£ e`n-®-h¿°v kuJy-]q¿hw Pohn-°phm-s\m-cnSw thWw. in£ e`n-®-
h¿°v Zpcn-X-]q¿W-amb as‰m-cn-Shpw. Ah ssZhw krjvSn-°p∂p.
ta¬hn-h-cn® Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kKu-chw Nn¥n-°p∂ Hcmƒ°v, ac-
Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v \ne-hn-ep≈ k¶-ev]-ß-fn¬ _p≤n°v G‰-
hp-a\
- p-tbm-Py-am-bXv Ckvem-anI ImgvN∏ - m-Sm-sW∂v ImWmw. AXn¬ Akm-
[ytam Abp-‡n-Itam Bbn H∂p-an-s√∂v GsXm-cmfpw kΩ-Xn°pw. _p≤n
kzbw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ C°mcyw apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-sb-t∏m-ep≈ Hcp kXy-{]-hm-
N-I≥ \ΩpsS \∑ am{Xw ap≥\n¿Øn hnh-cn®pXcp-tºmƒ hrYm kwi-bn-
°p-∂-sX-¥n\v? AXn¬ ZrV-amb hnizmkw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xt√ _p≤n-
]q¿h-I-am-bn-´p-≈Xv?
]cn-ip-≤ -hmIyw

5
A\p-jvTm\I¿a-߃
apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ \n¿tZin® A©p-Im-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn-
®mWv Ign™ A[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®Xv. Cu hnizm-k-Im-cy-߃ Ckvem-
ans‚ AkvXn-hm-c-amWv. Ah-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-tXmsS \mw apkvenw kaq-
l-Øn-ew-K-ambn. ]t£, ]cn-]q¿W- apkvenw BIp-∂n√. AXn\v apl-Ω-Zv
\_n ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v sIm≠p-h∂ imk-\-Iƒ A\p-kcn-°pI IqSn
thWw. ImcWw, hnizm-k-tØm-sSm∏w kzbw _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cp∂
H∂mWv A\p-k-cWw. Ckvemw F∂Xv Xs∂ A\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ as‰mcp
t]cm-Wt√m. Hcp ssZhsØ \mw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-tXmsS Nne Imcy-߃
\mw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv: Ah≥ \ΩpsS bP-am-\\pw \mw Ahs‚ Zmk-
∑m-cp-amWv; Ah≥ \ΩpsS hn[n-I¿Ømhpw \mw Ahs‚ hn[n kzoI-cn-°p-
∂-hc- p-amWv; Ah≥ \ΩpsS cmPmhpw \mw Ahs‚ {]P-bp-amWv. ssZhsØ
bP-am-\\pw hn[n-I¿Øm-hp-ambn kzoI-cn-®t- ijw Ahs‚ imk-\I - ƒ [n°-
cn-°p-∂Xv \mw Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fm-sW∂v kzbw kΩ-Xn-°-emWv. hnip-≤-Jp¿-
B≥ ssZhnI {KŸ-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂X - ns‚ A¿Yw AXn-ep-≈s - X√mw
ssZhn-I-amWv F∂v \mw AwKo-I-cn-®p-sh-∂mWv. AtXmsS AX-∏Sn
{]mh¿Øn- I - a m- ° p- h m≥ \mw \n¿_- ‘ n- X - c m- b n- Ø o- c p∂p. apl- Ω -
Zv\_n(k)sb {]hm-N-I-\m-bw-Ko-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ \mw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂Xv At±-
l-Øns‚ B⁄m-\n-tcm-[-ß-sf√mw ssZhn-I-amWv F∂t{X. AtXmsS
At±-lsØ A\p-k-cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-ambn. \ΩpsS I¿a-ß-sf√mw \ΩpsS
hnizm-k-Øn-∂-\p-k-cn-®m-hp-tºmtg \mw ]q¿W apkvenw-I-fmhq. Cs√-¶n¬
\ΩpsS hnizmkw Zp¿_-e-amWv F∂p hcpw.
Cu I¿a-߃ GsXm-s°-bmWv? AXv kw_-‘n®v apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)
Fs¥m-s°-bmWv ]Tn-∏n-®Xv? Fs¥ms° A\p-jvTn-°m\pw Fs¥ms°
h¿Pn-°p-hm-\p-amWv At±lw B⁄m-]n-®Xv? CXmWv C\n-bp≈ N¿®.
A\p-jvTm-\ß - f- n¬ k¿h-{]-[m-\a
- m-bn-´p-≈Xv""C_m-ZØp''IfmWv. F¥mWv
""C_m-ZØv?'' N¿®-bpsS XpS°w AXn¬\n-∂m-hs´.
C_m-Z-Øns‚ hnh£
""C_m-ZØn''s‚ A¿Yw ASn-ah
- rØn F∂mWv. \mw ssZh-Øns‚ ASn-
88 CkvemwaXw
a-Ifpw*ssZhw \ΩpsS Bcm-[y\pw** bP-am-\\pw BIp∂p. ASna bP-am-
\s‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-bm-bn-s°m≠v Fs¥ms° sNøp-∂pthm AXn-
\mWv C_m-ZØv*** F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. P\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kw`m-j-W-at[y
\mw hymPtam ]c-Zq-j-Wtam Ak-`ytam ]d-bp-∂n√. ImcWw, ssZhw AXv
\ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p∂p. kXyhpw \√-Xp-amb hm°p-Iƒ am{Xw \mw ]d-bp∂p.
ImcWw, ssZhw AXn-jvS-s∏-Sp∂p. kw`m-jWw tIhew euInI Imcy-
ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-bm¬ t]mepw B kw`m-jWw Hcp C_m-Z-ØmWv. ImcWw,
\ma-Xn¬ ssZh-lnXw am\n-®n-cn-°p∂p. \mw P\-ß-fp-ambn CS-]mSp \S-
Øp∂p; hym]m-c-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp∂p. IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-tfm-sSmØv hkn-°p∂p;
kvt\ln-X-∑m-cp-ambn kl-h-kn-°p∂p; Cu cwK-sØ√mw, ssZhnI imk\
Ds≠-∂-Xn-\m¬ \mw A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ hI-sh®p sImSp-°p∂p;
Ahs‚ hne-°p≠v F∂-Xn-\m¬ Bcp-sSbpw Ah-Im-i-߃ A]-l-cn-°p-
∂n√˛ Cßs\ kIe PohnX CS-]m-Sp-I-fnepw \mw ssZhnI imk-\-Iƒ
IW-°n-se-Sp-°p∂p. F¶n¬ B PohnXw apgp-h≥ ssZh-Øn\v C_m-ZØv
sNøp-∂-Xn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn®p F∂m-W¿Yw. Hcmƒ AK-Xn-Isf klm-bn-
°p∂p; hni-∂-h-∂m-lmcw sImSp-°p∂p; tcmKnsb ip{iq-jn-°p∂p. Abm-
fn-sX√mw sNøp-∂Xv t]cnt∂m s]cp-at°m kzm¿Y-em-`-Ønt\m th≠n-
b√. ssZh-Øns‚ s]mcpØw am{X-amWv Abm-fpsS e£yw. F¶n¬ B
tkh-\-ß-sf√mw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ C_m-Z-ØmWv. \nß-sfmcp sXmgn-en-
te¿s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. AXn¬ ]q¿W-k-Xy-k-‘-Xbpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw I¿Ø-
hy-t_m-[hpw ImWn-°p∂p. ssZhw A\p-hZ- n-®Xv am{Xw `£n-°p∂p; Ah≥
hntcm-[n-®Xv h¿Pn-°p∂p. CXn-s∂√mw {]tNm-Z\ - tam ssZh-`b
- hpw. F¶n¬
sXmgn-en-te¿s∏´ kabw apgp-h≥ \n߃ ssZh-Øn\v C_m-ZØv sNøp-I-
bm-bn-cp∂p˛ Pohn-Xm-h-iy-ß-fpsS \n¿h-l-W-Øn\mWv \n߃ tPmen
sNbvXn-cp-∂sX-¶n¬ t]mepw. Npcp-°-Øn¬, kZm-k-a-bhpw kIe Imcy-
ß-fnepw ssZhsØ kvacn-°pI, Ahs‚ AXr]vXn `b-s∏-SpI, Ahs‚
{]oXn {]Xo-£n-°pI, Ahs‚ \nb-aß - f - \
- p-kc
- n-°pI, Ahs\ [n°-cn-®m¬
In´m-hp∂ GXp em`hpw Xnc-kvI-cn-°pI, A\p-k-cn-®m¬ hcm-hp∂ B]-
Øp-Iƒ kk-t¥mjw kln-°pI˛ CXmWv ssZh-Øn-\p≈ C_m-ZØv.
B a´n-ep≈ PohnXw BZy¥w C_m-Z-ØmWv. B Pohn-X-Øn¬ Xo‰bpw
IpSnbpw \S-Øhpw Ccp-Øhpw Dd-°hpw DW¿®-bp-sa√mw C_m-Z-Øn¬
Dƒs∏-´n-cn°pw.
CXmWv C_m-Z-Øns‚ bYm¿Y hnh£. apkvenw-Isf Cu \ne°v
C_m-ZØv sNøp-∂-h-cm-°n-Øo¿°p-I-bmWv Ckvem-ans‚ e£yw. Cu
henb e£yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Ahsc k÷-am-°p∂ Nne Bcm-[-\m-ap-d-Iƒ
Ckvem-an¬ \nb-a-am-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p˛ B henb C_m-Z-Øn-\p≈ Hcp
"s{Sbn-\nßv tImgvkv' F∂ a´n¬. Cu ""ss{S\nßv''Xmc-X-tay\ \∂mbn
Ign-°p-∂-h∂v B henb C_m-ZØv IqSp-X¬ \∂mbn \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥
Ignbpw. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ B khn-tij Bcm-[\m apd-Iƒ hy‡n-I-fpsS
ta¬ {]tXyIw \n¿_-‘-am-°-s∏-´n-cn-°-bmWv. Ahsb "A¿°m-\p-±o≥'
* A_vZv = ASna. ** aA-v_qZv= Bcm-[y≥, bP-am-\≥.
*** C_m-ZØv = ASn-a-hrØn, Bcm-[\.
A\p-jvTm-\-I¿a-߃ 89
F∂v hnfn-°p∂p. ImcWw, Ckvem-ans‚ s\SpwXqWp-If - m-Wh. Hcp sI´nSw
XqWp-I-fn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xp t]mse, Ckvem-anI Pohn-X-am-Ip∂ sI´nSw
{]kvXpX XqWp-If - nemWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv. Ah \o°w sNøpI F∂m¬,
Ckvem-am-Ip∂ sI´nSw Xs∂ s]mfn®p\o°pI F∂m-W¿Yw.
\a-kvImcw
B \n¿_‘ I¿a-ß-fn¬ {]Y-ahpw {][m-\hpw \a-kvIm-c-amWv .
F¥mWv \a-kvImcw? \mw hniz-kn®pIgn™ kwK-Xn-Iƒ Zn\w{]Xn A©p-
t\cw hmNm˛I¿aWm Bh¿Øn-°pI. {]`m-XØ - n-se-gp-t∂-‰m¬ ico-ci
- p≤n
hcpØn \mw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip∂p. Ahs‚ apºn¬ ssIsI´n
\nev°p∂p. Ccp∂pw Ip\n™pw kmjvSmwKw \an®pw \ΩpsS Zmkyw kΩ-
Xn- ° p∂p. ssZh- Ø ns‚ D¬Irjv S KpW- ß ƒ FSp- t ØmXn Ah∂v
kvtXm{Xw sNøp-∂p. Ah-t\mSv klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-∂p. Ah-\n¬-\n∂v
k∑m¿Kw tXSp∂p. A\p-k-c-W-{]-Xn⁄ ]pXp-°p∂p; Ahs‚ {]oXnbpw
tIm]-im-]-ß-fn¬\n∂v c£bpw t\Sm-\p≈ B{Klw ASn-°Sn {]I-Sn-∏n-
°p∂p. Ahs‚ al¬{K-Ÿ-Ønse ]mT-߃ Bh¿Øn-®p-cp-hn-Sp∂p.
Ahs‚ ZqXs‚ kXy-k-‘-X°v km£yw hln-°p∂p. Xm≥ hnNm-cW
sNø-s∏-Sp∂ ssZhnIt°mS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-tI≠ Znhkw A\p-kva-cn-
°p∂p. C∆n-[-amWv \ΩpsS {]`mXw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv. A\-¥cw, GXm\pw
t\cw \mw kz¥w sXmgn-ep-If - n¬ hym]r-Xc
- m-hp∂p. At∏m-tg-°p-aXm, apA-
±n≥* hnfn-°p∂p: sX√p-t\-c-tØ-s°m-∂n-ßp- h-co≥; \ap°v ]mT-sam-∂m-
h¿Øn-°Ww; ssZhsØ ad-∂p-t]m-hm-Xn-cn-°m≥ thKw hcp-ho≥. DSs\
\mw Fgp-t∂‰v sN∂v hnizmkw ]pXp°n ho≠pw euInI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-
fn¬ apgp-Ip∂p. kmbm-”a - m-Ip-tºm-tg-°Xm ho≠pw apA-±ns‚ hnfn. ho≠pw
\mw t]mbn hnizmkw ]pXp-°p∂p. ]ns∂ cm{Xn-bpsS Bcw-`-Øn¬. cm{Xn-
t]mepw \ΩpsS BZ¿i-hn-izm-k-߃ ad∂v hgn sX‰n-t∏m-h-cpXv. AXn-
\m¬, ]I-ens‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ sNbvX I¿a-߃ cm{Xn-bpsS XpS-°-Ønepw
sNøp∂p. sX√vt\cw Ign™v Dd-ßm-s\m-cp-ßp-tºmƒ Ah-km-\-am-sbm-
∂p-IqSn hnizmkw ]pXp-°p-hm≥ \mw £Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. XnI®pw im¥hpw
\n»-_vZ-hp-amb kabw. ]I-esØ _l-f-ß-fn¬ lrZ-b-km-∂n[yw e`n-
°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v B Ipdhv ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ ]‰nb t\cw. ]q¿W-a-\- -
am-[m-\-tØmsS GIm-{K-Nn-Ø-amb Hcp {]m¿Y\.
Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\sØ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ al-Ømb I¿a-amWv
A©p-t\-csØ \a-kvImcw. t\ctØ ]d™, hnim-em¿Y-Øn-ep≈ henb
B C_m-ZØv \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ AXv \sΩ k÷-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.
\ΩpsS Bfl-ip≤n, Bflob hf¿®, kz`mh I¿a-ß-fpsS kwkvI-cWw
F∂n-h°v \nZm-\-amb hnizmk ssNX-\ysØ AXv kPo-h-ambn \n¿Øp-
∂p. Fß\-sbt∂m? Xncp-ta\n(k) ImWn-®p-X∂ coXn-bn¬ am{Xta \mw
"hpZp' sNøp-∂p≈q. Xncp-ta\n(k) ]Tn-∏n-®tX \a-kvIm-cØ - n¬ \mw sNm√p-
I-bp≈q. Xncp-ta-\nsb A\p-kc - n-°¬ \n¿_-‘a - mWv F∂ t_m[w-sIm≠m-
WnXv. a\x-]q¿hw sX‰n®v \mw Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-I-bn√. ImcWw,
AXv ssZh-hm-Iy-amWv F∂v \ap-°p-d-∏p≠v. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]Xps°
* ]≈n-bn¬ _m¶p-hn-fn-°p∂ Bƒ.
90 CkvemwaXw
sNmt√-≠h \mw sNm√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂n√; X¬ÿm-\Øv a‰p h√Xpw sNm√p-
I-bn√. Bsc `b-∂m-WnXv? ]Xps° sNm√p-∂Xv A\y¿ tIƒ°n-s√∂pd-
∏m-Wv. F∂n´pw H∂pw hn´p-t]m-ImsX \mw sNm√p-∂Xv ssZh-aXv tIƒ°p-
∂p≠v F∂ hnizmkw sIm≠mWv; F{X \nKq-V-amb N\-e-ßfpw ssZh-
Øn-∂-⁄m-X-a-s√-∂p≈ Dd® t_m[wsIm≠mWv. Bcpw ImWm-\n-√mØ
ÿeØp t]mepw \mw \a-kvIm-c-Øn-∂m-sb-gp-t∂ev°p∂p. ssZhw kZm
\sΩ ImWp-∂p-s≠∂ t_m[-a-√m-sX-¥m-Wn-Xn\v t{]cIw? AXym-hiy
tPmen-Iƒ t]mepw \n¿Øn-sh®v \a-kvImcw IrXy-k-a-bØv Xs∂ \n¿h-
ln-°p-hm≥ \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv, \a-kvImcw ssZh-amWv \n¿_-‘-am-
°n-bXv F∂ Nn¥-bm-Wt√m. ssiXy-Im-e-∏p-e-cn-bnepw {Kojva-Ime a[ym-
”-ß-fnepw kmbm-”-ß-fnse hnt\m-Z-hn-{ia thf-Ifnepw \sΩ \a-kvIm-
c-Øn\v t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv I¿Ø-hy-t_m-[-a-√msX as‰-¥mWv? \a-kvImcw
\mw hn´p-I-f-bm-ØXpw a\x-]q¿hw sX‰mbn \a-kvI-cn-°m-ØXpw ssZh-`-
bhpw ssZh- k - ∂ n- [ n- b n¬ lmP- c m- t I- ≠ n- h - c p- s a∂ ZrV- h n- i zm-
khpwsIm≠mWv. \sΩ ]cn-]q¿W apkvenw-If - m-°n-Øo¿°p-hm≥ \a-kvIm-
c-sØ-°mƒ DØ-a-amb as‰mcp ss{S\n-ßp-an-s√∂v Ct∏mƒ hy‡w.
Fs¥ms° Imcy-ß-fn-emWo ]cn-io-e\w F∂p t\m°q: ssZh-kva-cW,
ssZh-`bw, ssZh-`‡n, ssZhw kZm IqsS-bp-s≠∂ hnizmkw, ssZhw
F√mw ImWp-∂p-sh∂ t_m[w, ssZhn-It- °m-SX - n-bn¬ lmP-cm-°s- ∏-Sp-sa∂
hnizmkw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw \mw Zn\w-{]Xn, ]e-hpcp ]pXp-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-
°p∂p; \ntXy\ ]e-Xh - W \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\nsb A\p-Ic - n®p {]h¿Øn-°p∂p;
ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ ISa \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ \n›n-X-k-a-b-ß-fn¬ apd sX‰msX
ssZh-Øn∂p apºn¬ {]m¿Yn-°p∂p. CXn-s\-°mƒ DØ-a-amb as‰¥v ]cn-
io-e-\-amWv C\n-bp-≈Xv? Cu ]cn-io-e\w kn≤n® P\w \a-kvImcw
Ign™v temI- I m- c y- ß - f n¬ apgp- I p- t ºmƒ Xo¿®- b mbpw ssZhsØ
kvacn°pw; Ahs‚ tIm]w `b-s∏Spw; Ahs‚ imk-\-Iƒ inc-km-h-ln-
°p-Ibpw sNøpw. tZtl-—-Iƒ, ssZh-hn-cp≤ I¿a-߃°v t{]cn-∏n-°p∂
kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ ssZhw Xßsf ho£n-°p-∂p-≠t√m F∂ t_m[w Ahsc
]n¥n-cn-∏n°pw. F∂m¬, Cu D¬Ir-jvS-]-cn-io-e-\-Øn\v tijhpw Hcmƒ
ssZhsØ `b-s∏-SmsX, ssZh-im-k-\-Iƒs°-Xn¿ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
Ip‰w Ah-s‚-XmWv˛ \a-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚-X√.
\a-kvImcw kwLw tN¿∂v \n¿h-ln-°m-\mWv Ckvemw B⁄m-]n-
®n-´p-≈Xv. BgvN-bn-sem-cn-°¬ sh≈n-bm-gvNsØ ""PpapA''\a-kvImcw
kwLw tN¿∂v \n¿h-ln-°¬ \n¿_‘w Xs∂-bmWv Xm\pw. CXv apkvenw-
I-fn¬ sFIyhpw kmtlm-Z-cyhpw hf¿Øp∂p. Ahsc kwL-Sn-∏n®v i‡-
cm-°p∂p. Ah-scm-∂mbn \n∂v Htc ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-
cpsS a\- p-I-f-Sp-°p∂p. X߃ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-sW∂ t_m[w Ah-cn¬
hf-cp∂p. am{X-a√, AXv apkvenw-I-fn¬ A®-S-°hpw Htc t\Xm-hns\ A\p-
k-cn-°m-\p≈ a\-ÿn-Xnbpw hf¿Øp∂p. hyh-ÿm-]nX {]h¿Ø-\-Øn∂v
Ahsc ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p∂p. At\ym\yw A\p-Iº - bpw KpW-Imw-£bpw h¿[n-
°p∂p. F√m-hcpw ka-∑m-cm-sW∂ Nn¥ hf-cp∂p. [\-hm\pw Zcn-{Z\pw
apX-em-fnbpw sXmgn-em-fnbpw hen-bh- \pw sNdn-bh - \pw Db¿∂-h\pw Xmgv∂-
h\pw Htc ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬ tXmtfmSv tXmƒ tN¿∂p \nev°p-I-bmWv,
A\p-jvTm-\-I¿a-߃ 91
kwL-SnX \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬. Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ Db¿®˛ XmgvN-Ifpw AhnsS
ImW-s∏-Sn√.
\a-kvImcw aqew \ap°v˛ssZh-Øn-\√˛e`n-°p∂ \nc-h[n kZv^-e-
ß-fn¬ NneXp am{X-am-Wn-∏-d-™-Xv. \ΩpsS t£aw ap≥\n¿Øn-bmWv
ssZhw \a-kvImcw \n¿_-‘a - m-°n-bXv. \ma-X\
- p-jvTn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-
Øn∂v A\n-jvS-ap-≠m-°p∂p. AXv, ]t£, ssZh-Øn-\-Xp-sIm≠v tZmjw
`hn-®n-´√. adn®v, \ap°v Xs∂ tZmj-I-c-am-bXp sIm≠mWv. \a-kvImcw
hgn \ap°v F{X al-Ømb i‡n-bmWv ssZhw \evIp-∂Xv! F∂n´pw
AXv kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ \mw ssha-\kyw ImWn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ F{X
sImSnb \n¿`m-Ky-am-WXv! ssZh-Øns‚ Znhy-Xzhpw ssZh-Zq-Xt- \m-Sp≈ A\p-
k-cW_m[y-Xbpw ]c-tem-I-Ønse hnNm-c-W-bp-sa√mw \mw hmNm kΩ-
Xn-°pI. F∂n´v, ssZhhpw ssZh-Zq-X\pw \ΩpsS ta¬ Npa-Ønb G‰hpw
henb I¿aw \n¿h-ln-°m-sX-bn-cn-°pI. F¥p-am{Xw e÷m-h-l-am-WXv!
Cu \ne-]m-Sn∂v c≠n-semcp hymJym-\-ta-bp≈q. H∂p-In¬ \a-kvImcw
\n¿_-‘-amWv F∂ Imcyw Xs∂ Abmƒ \ntj-[n-°p-I-bmWv. As√-
¶n¬, \n¿_-‘-sa∂v kΩ-Xn-®p-sIm≠v Xs∂ AXv \n¿h-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-
I-bmWv. H∂m-asØ \ne-]m-Sn-∂¿Yw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nepw ssZh-Zq-X-\nepw
bYm¿Y-Øn-eb - mƒ°v hnizm-ka - n√ F∂mWv. Ah-bn¬ hnizm-ka - p≠v F∂
hmZw hymP-am-sW∂pw. c≠m-asØ \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Is´, H´pw
hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-c√˛ euInI Imcy-ß-fn¬ t]mepw. ssZh-tØm-Sp≈
_m[yX \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ h©\ sNøm≥ aSn-°m-Ø-h¿ ssZh-Øns‚
krjvSn-I-tfmSv NXn sNøn-s√∂v F¥p-d∏v?
{hXm-\p-jvTm\w
c≠m-asØ \n¿_‘ I¿aw {hX-amWv. \a-kvImcw Zn\w{]Xn A©p-
t\cw Hm¿an-∏n-°p∂ ]mT-߃ {hXw h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ Hcp amk-°mew
Hm¿an-∏n-°p∂p. da-Zm-\n¬ {]`mXw apX¬ {]tZmjw hsc Blm-c-]m-\o-b-
߃ XS- -s∏-Sp∂p. AØmgw Ign-®p-sIm-≠n-cns°, kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c-
Øn-∂p≈ _m¶vhnfn tIƒ°p-∂-tXmsS \mw A∂-]m-\-ß-fp-t]-£n-°p∂p.
AXn¬]ns∂, AXn-cp-Nn-I-c-amb Blmcw e`n-®mepw, sImSpw hni∏pw
Zmlhpw A\p-`-h-s∏-´mepw k‘y-hsc \mw Xn∂p-Itbm IpSn-°p-Itbm
sNøp-∂n√. GIm-¥-X-bn¬ t]mepw Hcp Pe-I-Wtam Hcp [m\y-a-Wntbm
Iogvt∏m-´n-d-°pI \ap°v km[y-a√. F∂m¬, k‘ym-{]m¿Y-\-bpsS _m¶v
hnfn apg-ßp-∂-tXmsS \mw t\mºv apdn-°m≥ [rXn-Iq-´p∂p. ]ns∂, ]pe-cp-
thmfw F¥pw Fhn-sS-sh®pw btYjvSw Ign-°p∂p. Cu Nn´-Is - f√mw ]men-
°p-hm≥ \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-¥mWv? ssZh `bhpw `‡nbpw. ssZhw
F√mw ImWp-∂p-s≠∂ ZrV-hn-izmkw. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-sØbpw ssZh-
k-∂n-[n-bnse hnNm-c-W-sbbpw Ipdn® t]Sn; hnip≤ Jp¿-B-s\bpw \_n-
Xn-cp-ta-\n-sbbpw IWn-i-ambn A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂ t_m[w˛Ch-sb-
√m-amWv B t{]c-I-i‡n. AXns‚ ^e-ßtfm? t\mºv \Ωn¬ I¿Ø-hy-
t_m-[hpw £am-io-ehpw hf¿Øp∂p. B]-Øp-Isf t\cn-Sp-hm-\p≈ Ign-
hp-≠m-°p∂p; ssZh-ln-X-Øn\p apºn¬ tZtl-—-Isf \nb-{¥n-°p-hm-\p≈
]cn-io-e\w \evIp∂p. Hcp amk-°mew \ap°v Cu ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. A°m-eØv, ap≥sNm∂ kZvKp-W-߃ \Ωn¬ kwPm-X-
92 CkvemwaXw
am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. CXn∂v th≠n-bmWv h¿jw-tXmdpw da-Zm≥ amkw
h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv. AXp-hgn ]cn-]q¿Whpw ]cn-]-Iz-hp-amb apkvenw-
I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-hm≥ \ap°v km[n-°p∂p. Pohn-X-Øn¬ A\p-\n-anjw \n¿h-
ln-t°≠ B henb C_m-ZØv sNbvXpXo¿°p-hm≥ \mw {]m]vXn t\Sp-
Ibpw sNøp∂p.
as‰mcp hiw: t\mº-\p-jvTn-t°-≠Xv Hcp \n›nX amk-Øn-emWv˛ da-
Zm-\n¬. temI-Ønse F√m apkvenw-Ifpw t\mº-\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv Htc amk-
Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠n-bm-WnXv. AXn¬ a‰p Nne KpW-^-e-ßfpw
A¥¿`-hn-®n-´p≠v. apkvenw-Iƒ \nh-kn-°p∂ F√m {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Hcp
amk-°mew apgp-h≥ ]cn-ip-≤a - mb A¥-co-£a - m-bn-cn°pw˛ ssZh-kvac- W
- bpw
ssZh-`-‡nbpw ap‰n-\n-ev°p∂ A¥-co£w. F√m-h-cnepw kZzn-Nm-chpw hn\-
bhpw am{Xw. I¿Ø-hy-t_m-[-Øm¬ DW¿∂ a\- p-Iƒ. Cu A¥-co-£-
Øn¬ ZpjvI¿a-߃ kzbw A{]-Xy-£-am-hp∂p. kXvI¿a-߃ taev°p-
ta¬ hf¿∂phcn-Ibpw sNøp∂p. k÷-\-߃ kXvI¿a-ß-fn¬ ]c-kv]cw
klm-bn-°p∂p. Zp¿P-\-߃°v Ah-cpsS ZpjvsN-bvXn-I-fn¬ kt¶mNw
tXm∂n-Øp-S-ßp∂p. kº-∂-cn¬ AKXnkwc-£-W-Øns‚ hnImcw hf-
cp∂p. [\w ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ apºn-√m-Øh - n[w sNe-hg- n-°s - ∏-Sp∂p. kIe
apkvenw-Ifpw Htc ÿnXn-bn-em-bn-Øo-cp∂p. X∑qew Ah-cn¬ Xß-sf√mw
Htc ]m¿´n-bm-sW∂ t_m[w kwPm-X-am-Ip∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ apkvenw-I-
fn¬ kvt\lhpw kmtlm-Z-cyhpw ]c-kv]-cm-\p-I-ºbpw sFIyhpw hf¿Øp-
hm≥ t\mºv Atß-b‰w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp∂p.
{hX-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xp aqew \ap°v e`n-°p∂ KpW-ß-fm-Wnh. \mw
hni∏v kln-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ssZh-Øn\v H∂pw In´m-\n√. {hXw \n¿_-
‘-am-°n-bXv \ΩpsS am{Xw \∑ em°m-°n-bmWv. \ymb-amb Imc-W-ß-
sfm-∂p-an-√msX Cu I¿aw \n¿h-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂h - ¿ hmkvXh - Ø
- n¬ kzbw
t{Zml-ta-ev]n-°p-I-bmWv. F∂m¬, ]cn-ip≤ da-Zm-\n¬, ]c-ky-ambn, \n -
t¶mNw Xn∂pw IpSn®pw \S-°p-∂-h-cpsS ÿnXn-bmWv G‰hpw e÷m-hlw.
X߃ apkvenw kaq-l-Øn¬ s]´-h-c-s√∂pw Ckvem-anI hn[n-Iƒ
X߃°v H´pw hne-bn-s√∂pw Xpd∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-I-bm-W-h¿. AXp-hgn
ssZh- s a∂v AwKo- I - c n® i‡nsb ]c- k y- a mbn [n°- c n- ° p- h m≥
X߃s°m´pw aSn-bn-s√∂pw Ah¿ sXfn-bn-°p∂p. apkvenw kwL-Øn¬
\n∂v hn´p-\n-ev°p-∂Xv Hsc-fp-∏-ambn ImWp∂ Hcp hn`m-K-am-W-h¿. Xßsf
krjvSn®v kwc-£n®pt]mcp∂ ssZh-tØmSv [n°mcw {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥
Hcp kt¶m-N-hp-an-√-h¿°v. ssZhnI imk-\-Iƒ ]c-ky-ambn ewLn-°p-∂-
Xn-ep-an√ at\m-hn-jaw. Cu a´n¬ Xß-fpsS G‰hpw henb t\Xmhv \n¿tZ-
in® \nb-a-߃ t]mepw X≈n-°-f-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp P\-X-bn¬\n∂v
h√ hniz-kvX-Xtbm IrX-⁄-Xtbm hmKvZ-Ø-\n¿h-l-Wtam I¿Øhy
t_m[tam {]Xo-£n-°pI km[y-amtWm?
kImØv
aq∂m-asØ \n¿_-‘-I¿aw kIm-ØmWv. Hcm-fpsS ]°¬ Npcp-ßn-
bXv 52 1/2 Ddp-∏n-I-Øq°w sh≈n D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXv Hcp h¿jw
AtX ÿnXn-bn¬ Abm-fpsS hiw tijn-°p-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬\n∂v
A\p-jvTm-\-I¿a-߃ 93
40-¬ Hcwiw(2 1/2%)kIm-Ømbn \evIWw.* Zcn-{Z¿, AK-Xn-Iƒ, a\- n-W-
t°≠ Aap-kvenw-Iƒ, bm{X-°m¿, IS-_m-[y-X-bn¬s]-´-h¿ apX-em-b-
h¿°mWv AXv \evtI-≠Xv.** Cu hn[w kº-∂-cpsS [\-Øn¬ Npcp-ßn-
bXv c≠c iX-am\w Zcn-{Z-cpsS Ah-Im-i-am-sW∂v ssZhw \n›-bn-®n-cn-
°p∂p.***AXn¬ IqSp-Xe - mbn h√Xpw Zm\w sNømw. AXv DØ-aa- mb ]pWy-
I¿a-amWv. AXn∂v IqSp-X-embn {]Xn-^ew e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
kº-Øns‚ kIm-Ømbn \evIp∂ [\w e`n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øn-\√.
\ΩpsS bmsXm∂pw Ah-∂m-h-iy-an√. F∂n´pw Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""Fs∂
am{Xw Dt±-in®v k∑-\-t msS Zcn-{Z-k-tlm-Z-c-߃°v \evIp∂ [\w ^e-
Øn¬ \nß-sf-\n°v \evIn-bXp t]mse-bmWv. AXn\v, sImSp-Ø-Xns‚
F{Xtbm aSßv {]Xn-^ew \n߃°v Rm≥ \evIpw. ]t£, Nne \n_-
‘-\-I-fp≠v: sImSp-Ø-sX-SpØp ]d™v B km[p-hns\ \nß-fp-]-{Z-hn-
°-cpXv; Ahs\ \nµy\pw lo\-\p-ambn ImW-cpXv; Ah-\n¬\n∂v hmNm-
bp≈ \µn-t]mepw {]Xo-£n-°-cpXv; \nß-fpsS Zm\-[¿a-߃ P\-߃°n-
S-bn¬ sIm´n-tLm-jn-°-cpXv; \n߃ henb [¿an-jvT-\m-sW∂v P\-ß-sf-
s°m≠v kvXpXn-]m-Sn-°m≥ {ian-°-bp-a-cpXv. CØcw lo\ Nn¥-I-fn¬\n∂v
a\ v ap‡-am-bn-cn-°bpw Fs‚ Xr]vXn am{Xw e£ywsh®v Zcn-{Z¿°v \evIp-
Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Fs‚ A£-b-[-\-Øn¬\n∂v imiz-X-amb Hmlcn
\n߃°v Rm≥ \evIp-∂-XmWv.''
\a-kvIm-chpw {hXm-\p-jvTm-\hpw t]mse kImØpw ssZhw \ΩpsS
ta¬ \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ AXn-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp XqWm-
WnXv. ssZhsØ am{Xw Dt±-in®v XymK-߃ hcn-°p-I-sb∂ kZvKpWw
CXv hnizm-kn-I-fn-ep-f-hm-°p∂p. kzm¿Yw, IpSn-e-a-\-kvIX, [\-]qP XpS-
ßnb Zp¿Kp-W-ßsf Zqco-I-cn-°p∂p. [\ ]qP-I\pw ]W-Øn\v th≠n
Poh≥ If-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Zp¿tam-lnbpw ep_v[-\p-amb a\p-jy≥
Ckvem-an\v Xosc {]tbm-P-\-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv. A[zm-\n-®p-≠m-°nb ]Ww
{]Xn-^-te-—-bn-√msX ssZhnI imk-\-b-\p-k-cn®v am{Xw _en-I-gn-°m≥
k∂-≤-X-bp-≈-h¿t° Ckvem-ans‚ k¬]-Ÿm-hn-eqsS Ncn-°m-\mhq. Cu
XymK-k-∂-≤-X-°p≈ ]cn-io-e-\-amWv kImØv hgn apkvenw-Iƒ°v e`n-
°p-∂Xv. ssZhnI am¿K-Øn¬ [\-hybw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-tºmƒ [\sØ
hmcn-∏p-W¿∂v Iq\n-°q-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Xpd∂ a\-t msS kI-
*kImØv sh≈n°v am{X-a√, kz¿Ww, cq], I®-h-S-®-c-°p-Iƒ, t]m‰p arK-߃, Im¿jn-
tIm-¬]-∂-߃ apX-em-b-h-°p-ap≠v. F∂m¬, Ah-bn¬ F{X- Xp-I°v F{X kImØv
\n¿_-‘-am-sW∂pw a‰p-ap≈ kwK-Xn-Iƒ "^nJvlv' {KŸ-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]Tn°mw. ChnsS
kIm-Øns‚ KpW-^-e-߃ hnh-cn-°p-I-bm-W-t±lw. sh≈n shdpw DZm-l-c-W-ambn ]d-
™-XmWv. -
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
** kImØv B¿s°-√m-amWv \evtI-≠Xv F∂v hnip-≤J - p¿-B≥ 9˛-mw A[ymbw (AØu_)
60-˛mw kq‡-Øn¬ ImWmw.
*** ChnsS Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw {Kln-t°-≠-Xp≠v: \_n(k)Xncp-ta\n kz¥w IpSpw-_mw-
K-߃°v˛ køn-Zvam¿°pw lminw Xmh-gn-°m¿°pw˛ kImØv \njn-≤-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p.
køn-Zvamcpw lminw Xmh-gn-°mcpw Ah-cpsS [\-Øn∂v kImØv sImSp-°m≥ _m[y-
ÿ-cmWv. F∂m¬, a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂v kImØv kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ ]mSn√. Zcn-{Z-\mb Hcp
køn-Zns\ Hcmƒ klm-bn-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂ ]£w ""lZvb''(kw`m-h\) sImSp-°m-hp-∂-
XmWv. kImØpw Zm\-[¿a-ßfpw Ah¿°v \evIm≥ ]mSn√.-
˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv
94 CkvemwaXw
eXpw sNe-h-gn-°m≥ kImØv Ahsc k÷-cm-°p∂p.
kIm-Øp-sIm≠v sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw Nne kZv^-e-߃ e`n-°m-
\p≠v. apkvenw-Iƒ At\ym\yw klm-bn-°pI; Ah-cn¬ \·cpw hni-°p-
∂-hcpw bmNn-°p-∂-hcpw C√m-Xn-cn-°pI; kº-∂¿ Zcn-{Z-k-tlm-Z-c-ß-fpsS
kwc- £ Ww Gs‰- S p- ° pI; kºØv kz¥w kpJm- U w- _ - c - ß ƒ°pw
t]cn∂pw s]cp-a°pw th≠n hybw sNøm-Xn-cn-°pI; Xs‚ kº-Øn¬
F{Xtbm t]¿°v Ah-Im-i-ap-s≠∂v a\- n-em-°pI˛ CsX√mw kIm-
Øns‚ euInI KpW-ß-fn¬ Nne-XmWv. Hcp apkvenw kº-∂s‚ kzØn¬
kzk-ap-Zm-b-Ønse A\m-Y-I-fp-sSbpw hn[-h-I-fp-sSbpw AK-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw
Ah-Im-i-߃ InS-∏p≠v. aqe-[-\-an-√m-ØXpsIm≠v Hcp sXmgn-en-te¿s∏-
Sm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h¿°pw apkvenw [\m-Vys‚ kº-Øn-e-h-Im-i-ap≠v. Zcn-{Z-
\m-bn-t∏m-b-Xp-aqew hnZy-b-`y-kn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mIp∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw
Abm-fpsS kzØn-e-h-Im-i-ap≠v. AwK-`w-Ktam hm¿[-Iytam tcmKtam aqew
sXmgn-se-SpØv Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h¿°pw apkven-ans‚ kº-Øn-e-h-Im-
i-ap≠v. Cu Ah-Im-i-߃ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h≥ ISpØ A{I-an-bmWv. Hcp
hn`m-K-am-fp-Iƒ kºØv Ip∂p-Iq-´n-sh-°pI; Aw_-c-Npw-_n-I-fmb aWn-
ta-S-I-fn¬ aZn®v Pohn-°pI; AtX-k-abw kz¥w kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ Bbn-c-
°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ hni-∏-S-°m≥ KXn-bn-√msX \cIn-°p-Ibpw e£-°-W-
°mb Ip´n-Iƒ hnZy In´msX sX≠n-Øn-cn-bp-Ibpw \nc-h[n t]¿ sXmgn-
en-√msX Ae-bp-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬ ]cw {IqcX as‰-¥mWv? CØcw
kzm¿Y-ßf - psS ITn\ i{Xp-hm-Wnkvemw. ssIbn¬h∂ kº-sØ√mw hmcn-
°q´n sh®v, ]en-i°v sImSpØv P\-ß-fpsS kºmZyw IqSn Xt‚-Xm-°pI˛
CXv ssZh-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS kwkvIm-c-amWv. F∂m¬, Ckvemw apkvenw-
Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv [\w `fim-ca - m°n sI´n-∏q´n sh°msX Bh-iy-Øn¬
IqSp-Xe- p-≈Xv kz¥w ktlm-Zc - ß
- ƒ°v \evIW - s- a-∂mWv˛ Ah¿-°v kz¥w
Bh-iy-߃ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm\pw Hcp sXmgn¬ Is≠-Øm\pw h√Xpw kºm-
Zn-°p-hm\pw AXv Bh-iy-ambn hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬.
l÷v
\mem-asØ \n¿_-‘I - mcyw l÷mWv. CXv Bbp-jvIm-es - Øm-cn-°¬
\n¿h-ln-°te \n¿_-‘-ap≈q. AXpw ]cn-ip-≤- a-° -hsc FØm≥ Ign-
hp-≈-h¿°p am{Xw.
hnip≤ a°m ]´Ww F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]pWy-`q-an-bn¬ Bbn-c-°-W-
°mb kwh-’-c-߃°p apºv C_vdm-low-\_n(A) ssZhm-cm-[-\-°mbn
Hcp sNdp-`h
- \w \n¿an®p. C_vdmlow \_n (A)bpsS Bflm¿Y-XbpsSbpw
ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ koam-Xo-X-amb kvt\lm-\p-cm-K-Øn-s‚bpw ^e-ambn
ssZhw B `h\w Xs‚-Xmbn \n›-bn®p. Xs∂ Bcm-[n-°p-∂h - ¿ B ]pWy-
`-h\
- Ø
- n∂v t\sc Xncn-™p-\n∂v Bcm-[\ \n¿h-ln-°W- s- a∂pw Ign-hp≈
GsXmcp apkvenapw ˛`qan-bpsS GXp `mKØv Xma-kn°p∂-h-\m-bmepw˛B-
bp-jvIm-e-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ B ]pWy-`-h\w kµ¿in-°-W-sa∂pw B⁄m-
]n®p. Ah¿, Xs‚ {]nb-s∏´ Zmk≥ C_vdm-lo-an-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂X - p-t]m-ep≈
ssZhm-\p-cm-K-tØmSpw `b-`-‡n-tbmSpw Bflm¿Y-X-tbmSpw IqSn B ]pWy-
`-h\w {]Z-£nWw sNøWw. am{X-a√, Ahn-tS°v hcp-tºmƒ lrZbw, k¿h-
A\p-jvTm-\-I¿a-߃ 95
hn[ amen-\y-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ]cn-ip-≤-am-bn-cn-°Ww. tZtl-—-Isf \nb-{¥n-
®p-\n¿ØWw. ZpjvIr-Xy-ßfpw c‡-s®m-cn-®nepw Ak-`y-hm-°p-Ifpw Xotc
h¿Pn-°Ww. km£m¬ ssZhw Xºp-cms‚ Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-
tºmƒ D≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ kI-eh - n[ acym-ZI
- t- fmSpw `‡ym-Zc - ß
- t- fmSpw IqSn-
thWw AhnsS lmP-cm-hm≥. {]]-©-Øns‚ A[n-]\pw krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-
fpsS B{i-bt- I-{µ-hp-amb alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ Xncp-k∂ - n-[n-bnte-°mWv t]mIp-
∂-sX∂ t_m[w Ah-cn-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. Cu am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-tbmsS,
ip≤-lr-Z-b-tØmsS ]pWy-`q-an-bn¬ h∂v ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p∂ ]£w
Ahs‚ A\p-{Kl ISm-£-߃ Ah-cpsS ta¬ h¿jn-°p-∂-XmWv.
Hcp \ne°v ho£n-°p-tºmƒ G‰hpw henb C_m-Z-ØmWv l÷v.
ssZh-tØmSv \n o-a-amb kvt\lhpw `‡ym-Z-c-hp-an-√msX, tPmen-I-sf√mw
\n¿Øn-sh®v _‘p-an-{Xm-Zn-I-sf-sb√mw th¿]n-cn™v Zo¿Ln® Hcp bm{X-
bpsS t¢i-߃ kln-°m≥ a\p-jy≥ apXn-cptam? B \ne°v l÷n-\p≈
Dt±iyw Xs∂ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn\pw \njvI-f-¶-X-°p-ap≈ ZrjvSm-¥-at{X.
a‰p bm{X-I-fn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw `n∂-amWv l÷p-bm{X. Cu bm{X-bn¬
Ahs‚ lrZbw Gsdbpw ssZh-kh - n-[Ø
- n-em-bn-cn°pw. AIw \ndsb ssZh-
kvt\-lhpw `‡n-bp-am-bn-cn°pw. ]cn-ip≤ IA-v_t- bm-SS- p°pw tXmdpw ssZh-
tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lm-\p-cmKw a\- n¬ Pzen®p XpS-ßpw. ]m]-ß-sfbpw
ssZh-hn-cp≤ sNbvXn-I-sfbpw Ah≥ shdpØp XpSßpw. sNbvXp t]mb
]m]-ß-fn¬ e÷bpw ]›m-Øm-]hpw tXm∂pw. `mhn-bn¬ A\p-k-c-W-
ap≈ Zmk-\mbn Pohn-°m≥ A\p-{K-ln-t°-W-ta-sb∂v ssZh-tØm-S-h≥
D≈-gn™p {]m¿Yn°pw. ssZh-kva-c-W-bnepw ssZhm-cm-[-\-bnepw Ah∂v
Fs¥-∂n-√mØ B\µw tXm∂n-Øp-Sßpw. Zo¿L-amb kmjvSmwK \a-kvIm-
c-ß-fn¬\n∂v inc- p-b¿Øm-\m-hmØ Hc-h-ÿ-bp-f-hmIpw. hnip≤ Jp¿-
B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-tºmƒ A`q-X-]q¿h-amb Hc-\p-`q-Xn-bp-≠mIpw. {hX-
sa-Sp-°p∂ ]£w AXns‚ A\p-`hw Ahm-Ny-am-bn-cn°pw. ]pWy-`q-an-bmb
lnPm-kn¬ Imep-Ip-Øp-tºm-tg°pw Ckvem-ans‚ BZy-Ime Ncn-{X-ß-
sf√mw Ne- ® n- { X- Ø n- s e- t ∂mWw I¨ap- º n- e qsS HmSn- Ø p- S - ß p∂p.
ssZhsØ AXn-c‰v kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw ssZh-Øns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ Poh-\¿∏n-
°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cpsS kvamc-I-߃ Hmtcm Ime-Sn-bn-ep-a-h≥ ImWp∂p.
Hmtcm aW¬Ø-cnbpw Ckvem-ans‚ amlm-fly-Øn\v km£yw hln-°p∂p.
Ckvemw P∑wsIm≠ B ]pWy-`qan, ssZh-hmIyw sh∂n-s°mSn \m´nb
B ]qWy-`qan CXm-sW∂v Hmtcm knI-X-I-Whpw hnfn®p ]d-bp∂p.
Cßs\ ]pWy-`q-an-bn-se-Øp∂ hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZbw AXn-c‰ ssZh-kvt\-
l-Øm¬ \nd-s™m-gp-Ip∂p. Ckvem-an-t\m-Sp≈ AZ-ay-amb t{]a-Øm¬
]pf-I-a-Wn-bp∂p. acWw hsc am™p-t]m-ImØ at\m-lc Nn{X-߃ a\-
n¬ ]Xn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°pw Ah≥ l÷v Ign™v aS-ßp-∂Xv.
C\n, l÷ns‚ `uXnI t\´-ß-sf¥v F∂p t\m°mw. l÷v Imc-W-
ambn ]cn-ip≤ a° temI apkvenw-I-fpsS tI{µ-ambn amdn. ssZh-\m-a-ap-cp-
hn-Sp∂ ]c- k-l{kw P\-߃ {]Xn-h¿jw temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-Øp-
\n∂pw AhnsS ktΩ-fn-°p-Ibpw At\ym\yw ]cn-Nb - s
- ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ Ckvem-anI kmtlm-Z-cy-t_m[w hf-cm≥ AXv klm-bn-
°p∂p. GXv \m´p-Imtcm GXv hwi-°mtcm BIs´, hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]c-
96 CkvemwaXw
kv]cw ktlm-Z-c-ßfpw Htc kap-Zm-b-Ønse AwK-ß-fp-am-sW∂ t_m[w
Ah-cn¬ thcq-∂p∂p. CXv ImcWw, ssZh-Øn\p≈ Hcp Bcm-[-\-bm-b-
tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂, l÷v, Hc-Jn-e-temI apkvenw hm¿jnI alm ktΩ-f-
\-hp-amWv. km¿h-eu-In-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ apkvenw-I-fn¬ sFIy-t_m[w
hf¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ G‰hpw ^e-{]-Z-amb Hcp thZnbpw.
Ckvem-an-I-tk-h\w
ssZhw hnizm-kn-IfpsS ta¬ Npa-Ønb _m[y-X-I-fn-sem-Sp-hn-e-tØXv
Ckvem-anI tkh-\-am-Ip∂p; Ckvem-ans‚ kvXw`-ß-fn-sem-∂mbn AXns\
]cn-KW
- n-®n-´n-s√-¶nepw Ckvem-an-Ia
- mb _m[y-XI - f- n¬ AXn-{]m-[m-\y-a¿ln-
°p∂ H∂m-W-Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\nepw \_n-h-N-\-ß-fnepw CtX-∏‰n I¿i-
\-amb imk-\-I-fp-≠v.
Ckvem-anI tkh\w F∂-Xp-sIm≠v F¥mWv \mw A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv?
Ckvem-an-Im-Z¿isØ kwc-£n-°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-ß-fmWv AXp-sIm-≠p-t±-
iyw. AsX-¥n\v \n¿_-‘-am°n? Hcp-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-eqsS CXv hy‡-am-°mw:
kplr-Ømbn `mhn-°p∂ Hcp Iq´p-Im-c-\p≠v \n߃°v. Ah∂v \nß-tfmSv
Xosc A\p-`m-h-an-s√-∂m-W-\p-`-hw. \nß-fpsS em`-\-jvS-ßfpw KpW-tZm-
j-ßfpw Ah∂v {]iv\ta-b-√. kz¥w em`w Dt±-in®v \n߃°v \jvS-ap-
≠m-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøm≥ Hcp aSn-bp-an-√-bmƒ°v. AXp-t]mse
\n߃°v em`w In´p∂ cwK-ß-fn¬, Ah∂v t\´-an-s√∂ Imc-W-Øm¬,
Ah≥ kl-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. B]-ZvL-´-ß-fn¬ \nß-sf-b-h≥ klm-bn-°p-∂n-
√. A\y¿ \nßsf iIm-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-\pw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w tNcp-∂p.
As√-¶n¬ au\w ]men-°p-∂p. i{Xp-°ƒ \n߃s°-Xnsc \S-Øp∂ {]hr-
Øn-I-fn¬ Ah\pw ]¶p-tN-cp-∂p. As√-¶n¬ \nßsf klm-bn-°msX
\n w-KX ]pe¿Øp-∂p. CØcw Hcp hy‡nsb \n߃ kp-lr-Ømbn IW-
°m-°ptam? Cs√∂v Xo¿®. ImcWw, kulrZw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw
kXy-Øn¬ Abm-fpsS a\- n-e-Xn-√. bYm¿Y kvt\ln-X≥ \nßsf
\njvIf-¶-ambn kvt\ln-°pw. \nß-tfmSv A\p-I-ºbpw KpW-Imw-£-bp-ap-
≠m-Ipw. B]-ZvL-´-ß-fn¬ \n߃°v XpW-bm-hpw. i{Xp-°ƒs°-Xn-cn¬
\nßsf klm-bn-°pw. A\y≥am¿ \nßsf Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv t]mepw
Abmƒ°v Ak-ly-am-bn-cn-°pw.
Cu DZm-lc - Ww apºn¬sh®v, apkvenw-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ \ap°v h∂p
tNcp∂ _m[yX Fs¥∂v Btem-Nn®p t\m°q. \mw apkvenw-Iƒ BsW-
¶n¬ Ckvem-an-t\mSv \ΩpsS kao-]\w F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww? Ckvem-an-t\mSv
\ap°v XnI™ Iqdpw kvt\lhpw thWw; hnizm-k-Øn\v th≠n kI-
eXpw _en-b¿∏n-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤-X-bp-≠m-h-Ww. apkvenw-I-tfm-Sp≈ KpW-
Imw£ \ΩpsS hnIm-c-ambn amd-Ww. \ΩpsS {]hr-Øn-I-fn-se√mw Ckvem-
ans‚ Xm¬]-cyhpw apkvenw-I-fpsS \≥abpw ho£n-°-Ww. kz¥w em`-\-
jvS-߃ am\-Z-WvU-am°n Ckvem-ans‚ e£y-߃°pw apkvenw-I-fpsS
\≥a°pw FXn-cmb {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - n-te¿s∏-Sc
- p-Xv. Ckvem-an-s‚bpw Ckvem-
anI kwL-S-\-Ifp-sSbpw A¥ v kz¥w A¥- mbn IW-°m-°-Ww.
kz¥w Imcy-Øn¬ lo\Xzhpw A]-am-\hpw kln-°m-Ø-t]mse Ckvem-
an\pw apkvenw-Iƒ°pw t\cn-Sp∂ am\-lm-\nbpw \ap-°-k-ly-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.
A\p-jvTm-\-I¿a-߃ 97
\mw \ap-s°-Xn-cmbn i{Xp-]-£Øv tNcm-ØXp t]mse Ckvem-an\pw
apkvenw-Iƒ°p-sa-Xn-cmbpw FXn¿]£Øv tNcm-Xn-cn-°-Ww. kz¥w Poh-
s‚bpw [\-Øn-s‚bpw am\-Øn-s‚bpw c£°v XymK-k-∂-≤-cm-Ip-∂-Xp-
t]mse Ckvem-an-s‚bpw apkvenw-I-fp-sSbpw Imcy-Ønepw \mw XymK-k-∂-
≤-cm-I-Ww.
CXmWv Ckvem-ans\ kwc-£n-°pI F∂-Xn-e-S-ßnb Bi-bw. CXn\v
Ckvem-ans‚ kmt¶-XnI `mj-bn¬ "PnlmZv' F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. kp{]-[m-\-
amb Hcp e£y-Øn-\mbn apgp-i-‡nbpw {]tbm-Kn®p bXv\n-°pI F∂mWv
PnlmZv F∂ ]Z-Øn\¿Yw. Cu A¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-Øns‚ D∂-Xn-
°mbn tZlw, [\w, \mhv, t]\, ssIIm-ep-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw D]-tbm-K-
s∏-SpØn A[zm-\n-°p-∂-h¿ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ "PnlmZv'
sNøp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ckvem-ans‚ i{Xp-°ƒs°-Xn-sc, Dt±-iy-ip-≤n-tbmsS \S-
Øp∂ kmbp-[-k-a-c-Øn\pw PnlmZv F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. Cu
PnlmZv apgp-h≥ apkvenw-Iƒ°pw \n¿_-‘-am-sW-¶nepw Hcp hn`mKw AXv
\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-]£w a‰p-≈-h¿ _m[y-Xm-ap-‡-cmIpw.* Hcn-kvem-anI
cmjv{SsØ i{Xp-°ƒ B{I-an-°p∂ ]£w Cu kacw F√m-h¿°pw \n¿_-
‘-ambnØocp-∂-Xm-Wv˛ \a-kvIm-chpw t\mºpw t]mse. C\n, B cm-Py-
Ønse ]uc≥am¿°v kzbw i{Xp-hns\ sNdp-°m-\m-hp-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Ahsc
tZlwsIm≠pw [\w-sIm≠pw klm-bn-t°-≠Xv Ab¬\m-Sp-If - nse apkvenw-
Iƒ°pw _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cpw. AXp-sIm≠pw i{Xp-°sf ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥
Ign-bmsX h∂m¬ Bhpw-hn-[-sa√mw B cmjv{SsØ kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv
temI-ap-kvenw-Iƒs°√mw, \a-kvIm-chpw {hXm-\p-jvTm-\-hp-sa-∂-t]mse
\n¿_-‘-am-Wv. F∂p-am-{X-a-√, AØcw L´-ß-fn¬ Pnlm-Zns‚ {]m[m\yw
\a-kvImcw, t\mºv F∂n-h-sb-°mfpw IqSp-Xembn-cn-°pw. ImcWw,
hnizmkw ]co-£n-°s - ∏-Sp∂ L´-am-WX- v. B]ZvL´- Ø
- n¬ Ckvem-an-s\bpw
apkvenw-I-sfbpw ssIsbm-gn-°p-∂-hs‚ "Cuam≥' Xs∂ kwi-bm-kv]-Z-
am-Wv. F∂n-cns°, Ahs‚ \a-kvIm-cw-sIm≠v F¥v {]tbm-P\w? Ahs‚
t\mºn\v F¥p-hne? F∂m¬ CØcw L´-ß-fn¬ i{Xp-]£w tNcp∂
h©-I¿ ap\m-^n-Jp-Iƒ (I-]S- ≥am¿) BsW-∂X - n¬ H´pw kwi-ba- n-√. Ah-
cpsS apkvenw F∂ hmZhpw \a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv, kIm-Øv, l÷v XpS-
ßnb Bcm-[-\-Ifpw XnI®pw \njv{]-tbm-P-\-hp-am-Wv.
* CØcw kmaq-ly-_m-[y-XI - ƒ°v I¿a-im-kv{X-Øns‚ kmt¶-XnI `mj-bn¬ "^¿Zv In^mb'
F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. Hmtcm hy‡n°pw _m[-I-am-Ip-∂-hsb "^¿Zv sF≥' F∂mWv ]d-bp-I.
6
Zo\pw ico-AØpw
\m an-Xp-hsc ]d-™-sX√mw "Zo\n's\ kw_-‘n-®m-Wv. C\n, apl-ΩZv
\_n-bpsS "ico-AØn's\°p-dn-®m-Wv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. BZy-ambn "ico-AØv'
F∂m¬ F¥m-sW∂pw Zo\pw ico-AØpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw F¥m-
sW∂pw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
{]hm-N-I≥am-sc√mw Ckvemw "Zo\n-'s\-bmWv ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv F∂v
ap≥ A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠-t√m. AXns‚ cXv\-®p-cp°w CXm-
Wv. ssZh-Ønepw Ahs‚ KpW-K-W-ß-fnepw ]c-tem-I-Ønse c£min£-
I-fnepw hniz-kn-°pI; ssZhn-I-{K-\v-Y-ßsf ]q¿W-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw
Ah \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ am¿Kw kXy-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn®v Ah-bpsS am¿K-
Z¿i\w kzoI-cn®v Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-NI - s\ am{Xw
amXr-Im-]p-cp-j\
- mbn kzoI-cn®v At±-lsØ A\p-Ka - n-°pI; ssZh-Øn-\p≈
{]tXyI KpW-ß-fntem A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-fntem krjvSn-Isf ]¶p-
tN¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-I˛ CXn-s\m-s°-bmWv "Zo≥' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
ico-AØv F∂m¬ \nb-a-hy-hÿ F∂m-W¿Yw. Bcm-[-\m-{I-aw,
kmwk¿KnI coXn-Iƒ, CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ, I¿a-ß-fnse A\p-h-Z-\o-b-Xbpw \njn-
≤-Xbpw XpS-ßn-bh kw_-‘n® \nb-a-߃. Hmtcm {]hm-N-I\pw kzP-\-
X°v [m¿anI kZm-Nm-c-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI Imcy-ß-fn¬ {]tXyIw {]tXyIw
in£-W-]-cn-io-e-\-߃ \evIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. hnhn[ P\-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw
Ah¿ Po-hn® Ime-L´-ß-fp-sSbpw Bh-iy-ßfpw Ah-ÿ-I-fpw IW-°n-
se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p≈ \nb-aß - f- mWv {]mcw` L´-Øn¬ \evIn-bn-cp-∂X
- v. AXn-
\m¬, Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw \evInb \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Iƒ hyXy-kvX-ß-
fm-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ hf¿® {Iam-\p-K-X-ambn ]q¿WX {]m]n-®-t∏mƒ
ssZhw apl-ΩZv\_n(-k) hgn imiz-Xhpw km¿h-eu-In-I-hp-amb Hcp ka{K
\nbaw \evIp-Ibpw At±-lsØ k¿h-temI {]hm-N-I-\mbn \nb-an-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. B \nb-a-kw-lnX a\p-jy-cm-in°p apgp-h\pw _m[-I-am-b-
Xm-Wv. apl-ΩZv\_n ]Tn-∏n® "Zo≥' ap≥ {]hm-N-I≥am-sc√mw ]Tn-∏n®
AtX Zo≥ Xs∂. ]t£, ico-AØv ]pXn-b-Xm-Wv. ]gb icoAØp-I-
sf√mw Cu ]pXnb ico-AØv h∂-tXmsS Zp¿_-e-s∏-´p.
Zo\pw ico-AØpw 99
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ Fßs\ Adnbmw?
apl-ΩZv\_n(-k) hgn \evI-s∏´ ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Ifpw kn≤m-¥-
ß-fp-a-dn-bp-hm≥ c≠p am¿K-ß-fm-Wp-≈Xv: ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿B\pw lZo-kp-
am-W-h. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ssZh-t{]m-‡-am-Wv. F∂m¬, lZokv Xncp-ta-
\n-bn¬\n∂pw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-ambn \ap°v e`n-®n-´p≈ dnt∏m¿´p-I-fm-Wv.
apl-Ω-Zv\-_n(-k)-bpsS PohnXw apgp-h≥ hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ hymJym-\-am-
bn-cp-∂p. {]hm-N-IXzw e`n-®-Xp-ap-X¬ 23 kwh-’-c-߃ At±lw P\-
߃°v in£Ww \evIn-t∏m-∂p. ssZh-ln-X-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-t°-
≠-sX-ßs\sb∂v At±lw Xs‚ hm°p-Ifpw {]hr-Øn-Ifpw hgn P\-
ßsf ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kl-Nm-cn-If
- mb A\p-Nc
- ≥am¿
At±-l-Øns‚ Hmtcm hm°pw k{i≤w tIƒ°p-Ibpw Hmtcm Ne-\-ßfpw
kkq£vaw ho£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. X߃ t\cn-Sp∂ Pohn-X-{]-iv\-
߃°v ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-sb-s¥∂v Xncp-Zq-XtcmSh¿ At\z-jn-®-dn-™p.
Nne-t∏mƒ At±lw "AXv sNøpI', "CXv sNø-cpXv' F∂n-ßs\ hn[n
\evIpw. AXn∂v km£n-I-fm-Ip-∂-h¿ AXv lrZn-ÿ-am-°pw. At∏m-g-hn-
sS lmP-cn-√m-Xn-cp∂h¿°v Adn-bn®psImSp-°pw. As√-¶n¬, Xncp-Zq-X¿ Hcp
{]hrØn Hcp {]tXyI coXn-bn¬ \n¿h-ln-®n-cn-°pw. I≠p-\n-ev°p-∂-h¿
B coXn a\- n-em°n ImWm-Ø-h¿°v hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pw. AXp-a-s√-¶n¬
Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬shs®m-cmƒ Hcp {]hrØn sNøp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n AsX-
∏‰n au\w Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂p. As√-¶n¬ kt¥mjw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-
a-s√-¶n¬ XS-bp-∂p. P\-߃ AXv I≠pw tI´pw a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Cu
a´n¬ Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS A\p-N-c≥am-cn¬\n∂v a‰p-≈-h¿°v e`n® kwK-Xn-Iƒ
Nne¿ a\x-]m-Ta - m°n; a‰p N
- n-e¿ Fgp-Xn-kq-£n®p. Hmtcm Imcy-Ønepw AXv,
B¿ aptJ\ e`n®p F∂p-t]mepw Ah¿ tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ime-{I-taW B
tc-J-I-sf√mw {KŸ-ß-fn¬ kam-l-cn-°-s∏-´p. C∆n[w lZo-kp-I-fpsS Hcp
alm-`-WvUmcw Xs∂ \ap°v e`n-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ Camw amen-Iv, Camw
_pJm-cn, Camw apkvenw, Camw Xn¿ap-Zn, Camw A_q-Zm-hq-Zv, Camw \km-
Cu, Camw C_v\p-amP F∂o alm≥am-cpsS {KŸ-ß-fmWv IqSp-X¬ hnizm-
k-tbm-Ky-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
^nJvlv
hnip≤ Jp¿-B-s‚bpw lZo-kn-s‚bpw hn[n-I-fn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øn,
Nne t{ijvT-]-WvUn-X≥am¿, s]mXp-P-\ -ku-I-cym¿Yw Xøm-dm-°nb hniZ
\nb-a-߃°mWv "^nJvlv' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\nse AXn-
kq-£va-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ apgp-h≥ F√m-h¿°pw {Kln-°m≥ Ign-™p-sIm-
≈-W-sa-∂n-√. ico-AØvhn[n-I-sf√mw kzbw {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bpw hn[w
\_n-h-N-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈ -]-cn-]q¿W -⁄m-\hpw F√m-h¿°p-an-√. AXn-
\m¬, \nc-h[n kwh-’-c-߃ A{im-¥-]-cn-{iaw \S-Øn, Kl-\-amb \nco-
£-W-˛-K-th-j-W-߃ hgn ^nJvlv t{ImUo-I-cn® ]WvUnX alm-flm-°-
tfmSv apkvenw-temIw Fs∂∂pw IS-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv. ]c-tImSn apkvenw-Iƒ°v
ico-A-Øns\ \njv{]-bmkw A\p-K-an-°m\pw ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-Zq-X-
s‚bpw B⁄-Iƒ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ {Kln-°m\pw C∂v Ign-bp-∂Xv B alm-
flm-°-f-psS tkh-\-^-e-am-bn-´m-Wv.
100 CkvemwaXw
{]mcw`-Øn¬ F{Xtbm alm-flm-°ƒ Xß-fp-sS-Xmb Kth-jW coXn-
b-\p-k-cn®v "^nJvlv' cNn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ \mev I¿a-
imkv{X coXn-I-fmWv Ah-ti-jn-®-Xv. C∂v apkvenw-Ifn¬ `qcn-]-£hpw
B \mev ^nJvlpI-fn-sem-∂ns\ A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Camw A_q-l-
\o-^(-d), Camw amen-Iv(-d), Camw im^n-Cu(-d), Camw Alva-Zp_v\p lº¬
(d) F∂n-h-cmWm ]WvUn-X¿. AhcpsS I¿a-im-kv{X-߃ bYm-{Iaw
l\^o ^nJvlv, amenIo ^nJvlv, im^n-Cu -^nJvlv, lºeo ^nJvlv
F∂o t]cp-I-fn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.*
Cu \mev ^nJvlp-Ifpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n°v tijw c≠v \q‰m-≠p-
Iƒ°Iw t{ImUo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Ah-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ A`n-{]m-b-
hy-Xym-k-߃ kzm`m-hnIw am{Xw. GXm\pw t]¿ Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ Kth-
j-W˛- ]
- T
- \
- ß
- ƒ \S-Øp-tºmƒ Hmtcm-cp-Øc - p-sSbpw Is≠-Øe - p-Iƒ XΩn¬
Aev]mev]w hyXymkw D≠m-sb∂v hcpw. {]kvXpX Cam-ap-I-sf√mw Xs∂
kXy-k-‘cpw Bflm¿Y-Xbpw Dt±iy ip≤nbpw D≈-hcpw Bbn-cp-∂p.
apkvenw-I-tfm-S-h¿°v KpW-Imw£ am{X-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬,
{]kvXpX \mev ^nJvlp-I-sfbpw apkvenw-temIw icn-h-°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-
cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬, Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ Hcp am¿Kta Ah-ew-_n-
°m≥ ]‰q. Htc Ah-kcw \mev hn`n∂ am¿K-ßsf Ah-ew-_n-°pI km[y-
a-√. AXn-\m¬, {]kvXpX \mev am¿K-ß-fn-sem-∂ns\ A\p-K-an-°-W-sa-
∂mWv ]WvUn-X≥am-cn¬ `qcn-]-£hpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. CXn-\p-]p-
dta Hcp {]tXyI ^nJvlns\ A\p-K-an-t°-≠-Xn-√. hyXykvX ImgvN-∏m-
Sp≈ thsdmcp Iq´w ]WvUn-X≥am-cp-≠v. Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv, Adn-hp-≈-h¿
hnip≤Jp¿-B-\n¬\n-∂pw lZo-kp-I-fn¬\n∂pw t\cn´v ico-AØvhn[n-Iƒ
I≠p-]n-Sn-°Ww F∂m-Wv. Adn-hn-√m-Ø-h¿°v, X߃ IqSp-X¬ kzoIm-c-
tbm-Ky-\mbn°mWp∂ ]WvUn-Xs\ A\p-K-an-°p-I-bm-hmw. Cu hn`mKw
]WvUn-X≥am¿ Alvep¬ lZokv F∂m-W-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \mev ^nJvlp-
* I¿a-im-kv{X-Ønse hyXykvX Nn¥m-{]-ÿ-m-\-ß-fpsS Imehpw C∂sØ \nebpw bYm-
{Iaw NphsS tN¿°p∂p:
1) Camw A_q-l-\o-^(-d) lnPvd 80 ({In. 699)¬ `qPm-X-\m-bn. ln. 150(-{In. 767)¬ \ncym-X-\m-
bn. H´msI 34 tImSn l\^o aZvl-_p-Im-cmWv C∂p temI-Øp-≈-Xv. Xp¿°n, ]m°n-
ÿm≥, C¥y, A^vKm-\n-ÿm≥, {Sm≥kv tPm¿Um≥, C≥tUm-˛-ssN-\, ssN\, tkmhn-
b‰v djy F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-emWv Ah¿ {][m-\-ambpw tI{µo-I-cn-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv.
2) Camw amen-Iv(-d) ln: 93(-{In. 714)¬ `qPm-X-\m-bn. ln. 179 ({In. 798)¬ \ncym-X-\m-bn.
amenIo aZvl-_p-Im-cpsS BsI AwK-kwJy \mec tImSn hcpw. samtdm-t°m, AƒPo-cn-
bm, Sp\o-jy, kpUm≥, Ipssh-Øv, _lvssd≥ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-emWv Ah¿ {][m-\-ambpw
tI{µo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
3) Camw im^n-Cu(-d) ln. 150 ({In. 767)¬ `qPm-X-\m-bn. ln. 241(-{In. 854)¬ \ncym-X-\m-bn.
H´msI 10 tImSn apkvenw-I-fmWv im^nCu aZvl-_p-Im-cmbn temI-Øp-≈-Xv. ^e-kvXo≥,
e_-\m≥, CuPn-]vXv, CdmJv, kpDuZn Atd-_y, ba≥, C≥tUm-t\jy F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-
emWv Ah¿ {][m-\-ambpw tI{µo-I-cn®p ImWp-∂-Xv.
4) Camw Alva-Zp_v\p lº¬(-d) ln. 164(-{In. 780)¬ `qP-mX-\m-bn. ln. 241(-{In.855)¬ Nc-a-
KXn {]m]n-®p. H´msI 30 e£-tØmfw lºeo aZvl-_p-Im-cmWv temI-Øp-≈-Xv. Ah-c-
[n-Ihpw tI{µo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv kpDuZn Atd-_y, e_-\m≥, kndnb F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-em-
Wv.
{]_-e-amb as‰mcp Nn¥m-k-c-Wn-bmWv "ioA-'bp-tS-Xv. Ah¿ kz¥-ambn Hcp I¿a-imkv{Xw
Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
Zo\pw ico-AØpw 101 102 CkvemwaXw

I-fp-sSbpw Cam-ap-I-sf-t∏mse Cu hn`m-Khpw kXy-Øn¬ Xs∂. F∂ te_¬ ]Xn-°-s∏-´p. Ahbv°v hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\ntem lZo-kntem
HcSn-ÿm-\-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ime-{I-taW B P\w ico-A-Øns‚ ]nSn-
Xk-∆p^v Ø-Øn¬\n-∂pw kzbw kzX-{¥-cm-bn. Ah¿ \qX-\-hm-Z-ß-fp-b¿Øn: Xk-
^nJvlns‚ _‘w a\p-jys‚ _mly-I¿a-ß-tfm-Sm-Wv. Hcp I¿aw ∆p-^n\v ^nJvlp-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√. AXns‚ hgn Xs∂ H∂v
\n¿tZ-in-°-s∏´ hn[w {]Xy-£-Øn¬ \n¿h-lnt®m C√tbm F∂p am{X- thsd-bm-Wv. "kq^n'°v _mly-N-S-ßp-I-sfm∂pw \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-Xn-√. \nb-
am-WX- ns‚ t\m´w. AXv bYm-hn[n \n¿h-ln-°p-tºm-gp≈ \ΩpsS a\- ns‚ a-\n-_-‘-\-Iƒ Ah¿°v _m[-I-a-√˛ Cßs\ t]mIp∂p Ah. Ckvem-
Ahÿ ^nJvlv ]cn-KW - n-°n-√. I¿a-߃ \n¿h-ln-°p-tºm-gp≈ a\- ns‚ ans\°pdn®v Xotc A⁄-cmb kq^n-I-fn¬\n-∂mWv CØcw hmZ-߃
Ahÿ ]cn-Nn¥\w sNøp∂ Nn¥m-[m-cb - mWv Xk-∆p^v.* DZm-lc - W
- a
- mbn, tIƒ°m-dp-≈-Xv. Cu hmZ-߃ ]c-am-_-≤-ß-fm-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-tem.
\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ^nJvlv ho£n-°p-∂Xv "hpZp' icn°v sNbvXp-thm, IA- ico-AØv hn[n-It- fmSv _‘-an-√mØ Xk-∆p-^n\v Ckvem-an¬ H´pw ÿm\-
v_sb A`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n-®p-thm, sNmt√-s≠-sX√mw sNm√n-tbm, kpPqZpw dpIqDw an-√. Ckvem-ans‚ kvXw`-ß-fmb \n¿_-‘m-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v kzX-
a‰pw icn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-thm, dIv-A-Øp-I-fpsS FÆw IrXy-am-bn-cp-∂pthm {¥-cm-hm≥ Hcp kq^n°pw Ah-Im-i-an-√. AXp-t]mse Pohn-X-Øns‚ a‰p
Fs∂m-s°-bm-Wv. CsX√mw icn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ^nJvlns‚ ho£-W- CS-]m-Sp-I-fnepw _‘-ß-fnepw ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw ssZhhpw ssZh-Zq-X\pw
Øn¬ \a-kvImcw ]cn-]q¿W-am-bn. F∂m¬, Xk-∆p^v t\m°p-∂Xv \a- \n›-bn® \nb-a-]-c-amb AXn¿Øn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°m\pw Hcp kq^n°pw A[n-
kvI-cn-°p-∂-bm-fpsS a\- n-te-°m-Wv. a\ v ssZh-Øn-¶-em-bn-cp-∂p-thm, Im-c-an-√. \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n ImWn-®p-X∂ am¿Kw Ah-ew-_n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-
euInI Nn¥-I-fn¬\n∂v AXv ap‡-am-bn-cp-∂p-thm, AXn¬ ssZh-kva-c- h≥ "apkvenw kq^n' F∂ t]cn∂v Xosc A¿l-\-√. "Xk-∆p^v' F∂Xv
Wbpw ssZh-`b - hpw hf-cp-Ib - p-≠mtbm, e£yw ssZh-{]o-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-thm, hmkvX-h-Øn¬ ssZh-tØmSpw ssZh-Zq-X-t\m-Sp-ap≈ \njvI-f-¶- kvt\-l-
\a-kvImcw Ahs‚ kz`m-hsØ kwkvIc - n-°p-hm≥ ]cym-]vXa
- m-bn-cp-∂pthm Øns‚ t]cmWv ˛ Ic-I-hn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ \n¿a-e-t{]-a-Øns‚ t]¿! ssZh-
CsXm-s°-bmWv Xk-∆p-^ns‚ t\m´w. C°m-cy-߃ Xr]vXn-I-c-am-bn-cp-s∂- im-k-\-I-fn¬\n∂pw {]hm-N-I-in-£-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw sX√pw hyXn-N-en-°m-
¶n¬, Xk-∆p-^ns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬, \a-kvImcw ]cn-]q¿W-ambn. AXn-ep- Xn-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv B kvt\l-Øns‚ {]Y-a- e-£-Ww. AXn-\m¬,
≠m-Ip∂ Ipdhv \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ ]q¿W-Xsb _m[n-°p-sa-∂m-W-Xns‚ "Ckvem-anI kq^nkw' ico-A-Øn¬\n∂v th¿s]´ H∂-√. ico-AØv hn[n-
]£w. Iƒ Bflm¿Y-X-tbmSpw ssZh-`-‡n-tbmSpw IqSn \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv
^nJvlpw Xk∆p^pw XΩn-ep≈ Cu A¥-csØ Hcp-Zm-lc - W- Ø- n-eqsS Xk-∆p^v F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. I¿a-ß-fn¬ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lm-Z-chpw
hy‡-am-°mw. \msam-cmsf I≠p-ap-´p-tºmƒ c≠v \ne°v Abmsf ho£n- `b-`-‡n-bp-am-hp∂ BXvam-hns\ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂Xns‚ t]cm-W-Xv.
°p-∂p. Abm-fpsS Btcm-Kyw, kuµ-cyw, hkv{X-[m-c-Ww, hrØn F∂n-h-
bm-sWm-∂v. c≠m-a-tØXv kz`mhw, _p≤n-i-‡n, hnth-Iw, ]m-finXyw,
Ign-hp-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw. CXn¬ H∂m-asØ ho£Ww ^nJvln-s‚Xpw c≠m-
a-tØXv Xk-∆p-^n-s‚XpamWv F∂v ]d-bmw. \msamcp kvt\ln-Xs\ sXc-
s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Ahs‚ c≠p hi-ßfpw t\m°p-a-t√m. Ahs‚ D≈pw
]pdhpw \∂m-hWw F∂v \mw B{K-ln-°pw. CXp Xs∂-bmWv Ckvem-an-
s‚bpw ÿnXn. ico-AØvhn[n-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-°p-tºmƒ AIhpw ]pdhpw
AX-\p-kc - n-°W - w. _mly-ambn icn-b\ - p-jvTn-°p∂ Hcm-fpsS A¥¿`m-KØv
A\p-kc - W
- Ø - ns‚ Bflm-hn-s√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ I¿aw Hcp arX-ic - ocw t]mse-
bmWv. C\n, B¥-cn-I-]q¿WXbp≈ Hcm-fpsS _mly-amb A\p-jvTm-\-co-
Xn-Iƒ icn-b-s√-¶n-tem, hncq-]hpw hnIr-X-hp-amb ico-c-{]-Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-
Snb Hcp am\y-hy-‡n-sb-t∏m-en-cn°pw AXv.
Cu DZm-l-cWw ^nJvlpw Xk-∆p^pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w \√-t]mse
hy‡-am-°p-∂p. [m¿an-I-˛-ssh-⁄m-\n-I-Ø-I¿® Z¿in® ]nev°m-eØv
s]m´n-∏p-d-s∏´ Ipg-∏-߃ Xk-∆p-^ns‚ ]cn-ip-≤n-sbbpw aeo-a-k-am-°n-
°-f-™p. P\-߃ CX-c- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fn¬\n∂v A\n-kvem-anI XØz-im-
kv{X-߃ ZsØ-SpØv AXn\v "Xk-∆p^v' F∂ t]¿ \evIn, Ckvem-an¬
IS-Øn-hn-´p. hnNn-{X-amb ]e-Xcw BNmc \S-]-Sn-I-fpsS ta¬ "Xk-∆p^v'
* hnip-≤J- p¿-B\
- n¬ CXn∂v "XkvIn-bØv', "lnIvaØv' F∂pw lZo-kn¬ "Clvkm≥' F∂pw
]d-bp-∂p. ]nev°m-e-°m-cn¬ AXv "Xk-∆p^v' F∂ t]cn-emWv {]kn-≤-am-b-Xv.

7
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ
Cu Ah-km-\sØ A[ym-b-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI \nb-a-kw-lnX \ne-sIm-
≈p∂ ASn-ÿm\ XØz-ßfpw ico-A-Øns‚ Nne {]tXyI hn[n-I-fp-amWv
{]Xn-]m-Zyw. Ckvem-anI ico-AØv hn`m-h\ sNøp∂ D¬IrjvS hy-h-ÿ-
bpsS kz`m-hhpw B hyh-ÿ-bn-e-S-ßnb KpW-ßfpw bp‡n-Ifpw {Kln-
°p-hm≥ Cu hnh-cWw D]-Im-c-s∏-Spw.
\sΩ-∏‰n Xs∂ \mw H∂p Nn¥n®p t\m°p-I. \nc-h[n Ign-hp-I-fpsS
DS-a-ÿ-cmWv \mw. Ah-bpsS {]IrXn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂Xv \mw Ah D]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂m-Wv. \ap°v _p≤nbpw hnth-I-hp-ap-≠v; ImWm\pw
tIƒ°m\pw kwkm-cn-°m\pw cpNn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ign-hp-I-fp≠v; ssIIm-ep-
I-fp-≠v. tIm]w, shdp∏v, kvt\lw, `bw, B{Klw XpS-ßnb hnIm-c-ß-fp-
ap- ≠ v . Ch- b n¬ D]- t bm- K - a n- √ m- Ø - s Xm- ∂ p- a n- √ . \ap- ° m- h - i y- a p- ≈ Xp
sIm≠mWv ssZhw Ah \evIn-b-Xv. euInI Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnPbw IpSn-
sIm-≈p-∂Xv kz¥w {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Bh-iy-߃ \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-Sp-tºm-gm-
Wv. ssZhw \evInb Ign-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ am{Xta AXv km[y-
am-hq.
\ap°v e`n® Ign-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ am¿K-ßfpw kma-
{Kn-Ifpw \ΩpsS apºn-ep-≠v. kz¥w icocw Xs∂-sb-Sp-°p-I. F√m D]-I-
c-W-ß-fp-ap-≠-Xn¬. Np‰p-ap≈ temIsØ t\m°q. \m\m-X-cw am¿K-ß-f-
Xn¬ hym]n®p InS-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS klm-b-Øn-\mbn kzh¿K-Øn¬s]´
a\p-jy¿, \ΩpsS tkh-\-Øn-∂mbn arK-߃, kky-߃, `qan, sh≈w,
hmbp, NqSv, shfn®w XpSßn AkwJyw hkvXp-°ƒ. \ap°p th≠n-bmWv
Ah-sb√mw ssZhw krjvSn-®-Xv˛ Ah-bp-]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Pohn-Xm-h-iy-
߃ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥.
\ap°v e`n® Ign-hp-I-sf√mw \ΩpsS KpWhpw t£ahpw ap≥\n¿Øn
\evI-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv. \ap°v tZmjw hcp-Øm-\p-t±-in®v Hcp Ignhpw ssZhw
\evIn-bn-´n-√. AXn-\m¬, B Ign-hp-Iƒ \ap°v KpWw am{Xw e`n-°p∂
coXn-bn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-emWv icn-bmb coXn. tZmjw `hn-°p-s∂-¶n¬
104 CkvemwaXw
A\n-hm-cy-am-bXp am{Xw. a‰p coXn-I-sf√mw sX‰m-sW∂p \ΩpsS _p≤n
kzbw kΩ-Xn-°pw. \ap°v kzbw tZmjw hcp-Øp∂ cq]-Øn-ep≈ {]hrØn-
Iƒ sNøp-∂Xv sX‰m-b-t]mse \ΩpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°v \jvS-ap-
≠m-°p∂ hn[w hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xpw sX‰m-Wv. \ap°v e`n® Pohn-tXm-]-
I-c-W-߃°v \mi-\-jvS-ta-ev]n°pw hn[w {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw icn-b-√.
\jvSw GXp Xc-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bmepw Hgn-hm-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. Nne-t∏m-gXv
km[n-s®∂v hcn-√. As√-¶n¬ \jvS-tØm-sSm∏w sNdnb em`hpw ImWpw.
Aß-s\-bp≈ kµ¿`-ß-fnte \jvSw hcp-Øp∂ Hcp {]hrØn sNøm-hq.
temIØv c≠p-Xcw a\p-jy-cp≠v. kz¥w Ign-hp-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿t°m
Xß-fpsS Xs∂ a‰p Ign-hp-Iƒt°m tZmjw hcp-Øp∂hn[w D]-tbm-Kn-
°p-∂-h-cm-sWmcp Xcw. As√-¶n¬, \∑ am{X-ap-t±-in®v \evI-s∏´ hkvXp-
°ƒ Ah¿ {]tbm-P\ - i
- q-\y-am-°n-°f
- b
- p-∂p. c≠m-asØ hn`m-Kw, a\x-]q¿h-
a-s√-¶nepw A⁄X ImcWw AtX A_-≤-߃ sNøp∂hcmWv. CXn-
sem-∂m-asØ Xc-°m¿ [n°m-cn-Ifpw Ipg-∏-°m-cp-am-Wv. Ahsc \nb-{¥n-
°m≥ Nne \nb-a-߃ thWw. c≠m-asØ hn`m-K-Øn\v kz¥w Ign-hp-
Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠ icn-bmb am¿Kw Adn-bm-\p-X-Ip∂ ⁄m\w \evtI-
≠-Xpap≠v.
Cu c≠v Bh-iy-ß-fmWv "ico-AØv' ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS
h√ Ignhpw ]mgm-°n-°-f-bmt\m h√ Bitbm hnIm-ctam \in-∏n®p If-
bmt\m ico-AØv Dt±-in-°p-∂n-√. Im´ntem ta´ntem t]mbn X]- n-cn-°-
W-sa∂v AXm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. hni∂v acn-°-W-sat∂m \·-\mbn sX≠n-
\-S-°-W-sat∂m AXv ]d-bp-∂n-√. am\p-jnI hnIm-c-ß-f-Sn-®-a¿Øn kzbw
\in-°-W-sat∂m euIn-I-kp-J-ß-sf√mw XyPn®v k\y-kn-°-W-sat∂m
AXv B{K-ln-°p-∂n-√. CXv ssZhw \n¿an® ico-A-Øm-Wv. Cu temIw
ssZhw a\p-jy¿°mbn krjvSn-®-Xm-Wv. AXns\ hnIr-X-am-°p-∂Xpw \in-
∏n-°p-∂Xpw Ah≥ Fßs\ CjvS-s∏Spw? A\m-h-iytam {]tbm-P-\-c-
ln-Xtam Bb Hcp Ignhpw ssZhw a\p-jy∂v \evIn-bn-´n-√. h√ hn[-Ønepw
D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\-√msX {]]-©-Øn¬ bmsXm∂pw Ah≥ krjvSn-®n-
´pan-√. Cu {]]©w ]q¿W-`w-Kn-tbmSpw {]Xm-]-tØmSpw IqSn Nen-°-Ww.
a\pjy≥ Xs‚ apgp-I-gn-hp-Ifpw icn°v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°Ww; {]]-©-Ønse
kIe hkvXp-°fpw Ah≥ kz¥w PohnX kuJy-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-
Sp-ØWw; BImi `qan-I-fn¬ ssZhw Hc-p-°n-sh-®n-´p≈ k¿h kma-{Kn-
Ifpw Ah≥ D]-bp-‡-am-°-Ww˛ CXmWv {]]© {kjvSm-hns‚ Dt±-iyw.
]t£, AXv [n°m-c-Ømtem A⁄-X-bmtem A\y¿t°m Ah-c-h¿°p
Xs∂tbm \mi-\-jvS-ß-tf-ev]n-°p∂ hn[-Øn-em-h-cpXv F∂p am{Xw. Cu
Dt±iyw ap≥\n¿Øn-bmWv ico-A-Ønse F√m hyh-ÿ-Ifpw \n¿an-®n-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-cm-in°v \mi-\-jvS-߃ hcp-Øm-\n-S-bp≈ kIe kwK-
Xn-Ifpw ico-A-Øn¬ \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. ^e-{]-Z-am-b-sX√mw A\p-h-Z-\o-
b-hpw. Xs‚ apgp-h≥ Bi-Ifpw Bh-iy-ßfpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m\pw kz¥w
\∑-°mbn \m\m hnt[\ ]cn-{i-an-°p-hm\pw a\p-jy∂v ]q¿W-amb Ah-
Im-ia - p-≠v. ]t£, B Ah-Imiw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂X - v, A⁄-Xb- mtem [n°m-
c-Ømtem A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ l\n-°p∂ hn[-Øn-em-h-cp-Xv. adn-®v,
A]-c-∑m¿°v ]c-am-h[n klm-b-I-c-amb \ne-bn-em-h-Ww. Cu XØz-Øn-
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ 105
emWv ico-A-Ønse F√m \nb-a-ßfpw A[n-jvTm-]n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
KpWhpw tZmjhpw CS-I-e¿∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ henb KpWw t\Sm≥
sNdnb tZmjw kln-°p-I, henb \jvSw Hgn-hm-°m≥ sNdnb em`w Dt]-
£n-°pI F∂-XmWv ico-A-Øns‚ XØzw.
Hmtcm Imcy-Ønepw I¿aØn-ep-a-¥¿`-hn® KpW-tZm-j-ß-sf-s¥∂v
Hmtcm hy‡n°pw Ft∏mgpw a\- n-embns°m≈-W-sa-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬,
k¿h-⁄-\mb ssZhw a\p-jy-cm-in-°mbn BZy¥w icnbpw KpW-{]-Z-hp-
amb Hcp kºq¿W hyhÿ \n¿an®pX∂n-cn-°p-∂p. B hyh-ÿ-bpsS
KpW-ßf - n¬ ]eXpw hy‡-ambn {Kln-°m≥, Nne \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºp≈
P\-߃°v Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√. F∂m-en∂v, imkv{X-cw-K-Øp-≠mb ]ptcm-KXn
Ah-bpsS ad-sb√mw \o°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F{Xtbm cl-ky-ßfpw bp‡n-
Ifpw KpW-ßfpw C\nbpw ad-\o°n ]pd-Øp-h-cm-\p-≠v. imkv{X-hn-⁄m-
\o-bß
- ƒ hym]-Ia - m-hp-∂X
- n-∂\
- p-kc
- n®v Ah hy‡-am-bn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°pw.
Xß-fpsS A]q¿Whpw ]cn-an-X-hp-amb _p≤nsb am{Xw Ah-ew-_-am-°n-
b-Xns‚ ^e-ambn P\-߃ \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw A_-≤-߃ {]h¿Øn®p
t]m∂p. AXns‚ Xn‡-^ew A\p-`-hn-®-dn™ tijw, HSp-hn¬, Ckvem-
anI ico-A-Øns‚ \nb-a-߃ kzoI-cn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn-Øo¿∂-Xn\v
DZm-l-c-W-ß-fp-≠v.* F∂m¬, A⁄-Xbpw ]cn-N-b-°p-dhpw hcp-Øp∂
CØcw tZmj-ß-fn¬\n∂v, ssZh-Zq-X-\n¬ k¿hm-fl\m hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®-
h¿, c£ {]m]n-®-h-cm-Wv. ssZh-Zq-X-\n-ep≈ Bflm¿Yhpw AN-©-e-hp-
amb hnizmkw aqew bYm¿Y ⁄m\-Øns‚ krjvSn-bmb Hcp \nb-a-kw-
ln-Xsb Ah¿ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-W-Xn∂v Imc-Ww˛ AXnse
bp‡nbpw cl-ky-ßfpw Adn-™mepw Cs√-¶n-epw.
* "h¿W-{]iv\w' CXn-s∂m-cp-Zm-l-c-W-amsbSp-°mw. C°m-cy-Øn¬ bp‡nklhpw am\p-jn-
I-hp-am-sbmcp kao-]-\-coXn kzoI-cn-°m≥ a\p-jy∂v C∂p-hsc km[n-®n-´n-√. h¿W-hn-
th-N-\sØ \ymbo-I-cn-°m-\mWv Gsd-°mew Poh-im-kv{XsØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-h-∂-
Xv. Ign™ c≠v iX-I-ß-tfm-fw, hnth-N-\-Øn-∂-\p-Iq-e-am-bmWv Ata-cn-°≥ tImS-Xn-
Iƒ hn[n {]kvXm-hn-®-Xv. "sXmen IdpØp' F∂ "GI Ip‰'Øn\v Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v a\p-
jy-Po-hn-Iƒ \n¿Zbw a¿Zn-°-s∏-´p; `oj-Wn°pw `¿’-\-Øn\pw hnt[-b-cmbn; shfp-Ø-
h¿°pw Idp-Ø-h¿°pw hyXykvX \nb-a-߃ Xs∂ D≠m-°-s∏-´p. Htc tImtf-Pn¬,
Htc kvIqfn¬ Ccp-Iq-´¿°pw H∂n®p ]Tn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mbn. 1954 sabv 17-˛\v am{X-
amWv h¿W-hn-th-N\w A\o-Xn-]-chpw am\p-jnI ka-Xz-Øn∂v hncp-≤-hp-am-sW∂v Ata-
cn-°≥ tImS-Xn-Iƒ hn[n ]d-™-Xv.
F{Xtbm \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ sImSnb ]mX-I-߃ sNbvX tij-amWv h¿W-hn-th-N\w A\o-Xn-
]-c-am-sW∂pw \nt»jw \in-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw a\p-jy∂v t_m[-ap-Zn-®-Xv. C∂pw, Cu
Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ kmbm-”-Ønepw Cu hkvXpX {Kln-°mØ F{Xtbm a\pjy
arK-ß-fp-≠v. "sXmen-a-lna' bnemWv Ah¿ a\p-jyXzw Z¿in-°p-∂-Xv. Z£n-Wm-{^n-°bpw
B{^n-°≥ h≥I-c-bnse ]m›m-Xycpw CXn-∂p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ t]mepw
kwkvImc kº-∂sc∂p¬tLm-jn-°p-∂h - c
- n¬ KWy-am-sbmcp hn`mKw hnth-N\
- \
- b
- Ø
- n¬
]nSn®pXqßp-I-bm-Wn-∂pw. Poh¬{][m-\-amb {]kvXpX {]iv\w a\p-jy-a-kvXnjvIw
Fßs\ ssIbmfn F∂v \mw I≠pIgn-™p. CXn-s∂m-c-]-hm-Z-sa-t∂mWw "ico-AØv'
BZyta {]Jym-]n-®p, h¿W-hn-th-N\w ISpØ A\o-Xn-bm-sW-∂v. ico-AØv a\p-jy∂v
t\¿hgn ImWn®pX∂p. ]m]-Øns‚ ]Sp-Ip-gn-bn¬\n∂v AXv a\p-jys\ c£n-®p. Jp¿-
B≥ am\p-jn-Iu¬IrjvSyw D¬tLm-jn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI:
""\n›bw, \mw a\pjy]p{Xs\ BZ-cn-®n-´p-≠v.'' Jp¿-B≥ XpS¿∂p ]d-bp-∂p: ""a\p-jytc!
\n›bw Hcm-Wn¬\n∂pw s]Æn¬\n-∂p-amWv \mw \nßsf krjvSn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. \nßsf
hnhn[ tKm{X-ßfpw hyXykvX hn`m-K-ß-fp-am°n Xncn-®-Xv, \n߃ ]c-kv]cw Xncn-®-dn-
106 CkvemwaXw
\mev Ah-Im-i-߃
ico-A-Øns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ a\p-jy∂p ta¬ \mev Ah-Im-i-߃
h∂ptNcp-∂p. 1. ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃ 2. kztZ-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-
߃ 3. ka-kr-jvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ 4. D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ th≠n
ssZhw a\p-jy-∂-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-SpØ hkvXp-°fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃.
Cu Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS s]mcpƒ {Kln®v IrXy-ambn \n¿h-ln-°p-I-bmWv
Hcp apkven-ans‚ Npa-X-e. ico-A-Øv, Ch-sb-°p-dn®v sht∆sd hni-Z-ambn
hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ah-bpsS \n¿h-l-W-Øn-\mbn kzoI-cn-t°-≠p∂ am¿K-
ta-sX∂pw AXv hni-Za - m-°p-∂p. apgp-h≥ Ah-Im-iß
- fpw H∏w \nd-th-‰m\pw
Ah-Im-i-ß-fn-sem∂pw ]mgm-bn-t∏m-hm-Xn-cn-°m\pw ]‰nb DØ-a-am¿K-amWv
AXv \n¿tZin-°p-∂-Xv.
ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃
ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-iß - ƒ {][m-\a - mbpw \mev Imcyßfn¬ HXp-°mw:
H∂v: a\p-jy≥ Ahs\ am{Xw ssZh-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-\n¬
Bscbpw ]¶m-fn-bm-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. CXv ""emC-eml C√√m''
F∂ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ Bflm¿Y-amb hnizmkw hgn \n¿h-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-
Wv. c≠v: ssZh-im-k-\-Iƒ IWn-i-ambn A\p-k-cn-°p-I.""apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-
ep-√mln'' F∂ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw hgn CXv km[n°mw. aq∂v: a\p-
jy≥ ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-bmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-I. Cu Ah-Imiw
ssZhn-I-{K-Ÿ-Ønepw ssZh-Zq-Xs‚ Ncy-bnepw hnh-cn® \nb-a-߃ ]n≥]-
‰pI hgn \nd-th-‰m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \mev: a\p-jy≥ ssZhsØ am{Xw Bcm-[n-
°p-I. A\p-jvTm\ I¿a-߃ \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv Cu Ah-Imiw \nd-
th-‰p-hm-\m-Wv.
ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃°v {]Yaÿm\-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AXn-{]-[m-\-
hp-am-W-Xv. AXn-\m¬ AXv \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ a‰p≈ Ah-Im-i-߃ Iptd-
sbms° _en-I-gn-t°≠n ht∂-°pw. \a-kvImcw, t\mºv apX-emb \n¿_-
‘-I¿a-ß-f-\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ kztZ-l-Øns‚ ]e Ah-Im-i-ßfpw hnizmkn
_enIgn-°p-∂p-≠t- √m. \a-kvIm-cØ- n\mbn AXn-cm-hnse Fgp-t∂-ev°W - w;
bm≥ th≠n-bm-Wv. \nß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ kq£va-X-bp-≈-h-\s{X A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ BZ-c-
Wo-b≥.''
dkq¬(-k) Acpfn: ""P\-ßtf! \n›-bw, \nß-fpsS \mY≥ GI-\mWv; \nß-fpsS ]nXmhpw
GI≥ Xs∂. \nß-sf√mw BZ-an¬\n-∂s{X; BZ-am-hs´ aÆn¬\n∂pw. Ad-_n°v A\-
d-_n-bpsS tatem A\-d-_n°v Ad-_n-bpsS tatem bmsXmcp ta∑bpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\n-
√. shfp-Ø-h\v Idp-Ø-h-s\-°mƒ, As√-¶n¬ Idp-Ø-h\v shfp-Ø-h-s\-°mƒ, (B¿°pw
Bcp-sS-ta-epw) bmsXmcp ta∑bpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\n√; XJvh(-kq-£va-X)-sIm-≠-√msX.
\nß-fn¬ G‰hpw DØ-a≥ \nß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ kq£va-X-bp-≈-h-\-s{X.''
(\-_n-bpsS hnS-hm-߬ {]kw-K-Øn¬\n∂v)
t\m°pI! ]Xn-aq∂v \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv ico-AØv a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n® bmYm¿Yy-am-Wn-
Xv. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ \o≠p-\n∂ {]am-Z-߃°pw IjvS-\-jvS-߃°pw tij-am-Wv, F{Xtbm
Bbn-c-ßsf hnth-I-iq-\y-amb h¿W hnth-N-\-Øns‚ _en-bm-Sp-I-fm°n°gn-™-ti-j-
am-Wv, a\pjy kaq-lsØ H∂-S¶w hne-bn-Sn-°p-Ibpw A]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-ti-j-
amWv "A\n-b-{¥n-X-amb bp‡n'°v bmYm¿Yy-Øns‚ sX√v sXmSm≥ Ign-™-Xv. bmYm¿Yy-
Øns‚ EPphpw kc-f-hp-amb kao-]-\-as{X Ckvem-ant‚Xv. AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-°¬
\miw £Wn-®p-h-cp-Ø-em-Wv.
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ 107
"hpZp' sNø-Ww. \ntXy\ A©p t\cw Xs‚ AXym-hiy tPmenIƒ
\n¿Ønsh°-Ww. hnt\m-Z-˛-hn-{ia thf-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°-Ww. {hX-a-\p-jvTn-°p-
tºmƒ hni∏pw Zmlhpw kln-°-Ww. Bfl-\n-b-{¥Ww ]men-°-Ww.
kImØp sImSp-°p∂ hnizmkn [\-t{]-asØ ssZh`‡n-bpsS t]cn¬
_en-sIm-Sp-°-Ww. l÷n\v th≠n [\-w hybw sNtø-≠-Xn\p ]pdta
bm{Xm t¢ihpw kln-°-Ww. ssZh-am¿K-Øn-ep≈ ka-c-Øn-em-I-s´,
Poh\pw [\hpw A¿∏n-°-Ww. kztZ-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃ t]mse,
A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßfpw Nne-t∏mƒ _en-sIm-Sp-t°≠n hcpw. \a-kvI-
cn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ Hcp sXmgn-emfn sXmgn-ep-S-a-bpsS tPmen \n¿Øn-sh-®m-
Ip-at√m km£m¬ bP-am-\∂v Bcm-[-\-b¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv. l÷n\v t]mIp∂
hnizmkn Xs‚ k¿h-tPm-en-Ifpw \n¿Øn-sh-t°≠n hcp-∂p. AXv At\Iw
t]cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßsf {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p. ssZh-am¿K-Øn-ep≈
ka-c-Øn¬ ssZhsØ am{Xw ap≥\n¿Øn A\ysc h[n-°p-Ibpw kzi-co-
csØ _en-b¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C{]-Imcw Xs∂, CXc hkvXp-°-
fpsS Ah-Im-ihpw _en-sIm-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬
arK-ßsf _e-nb-dp-°p-I, kºØv hn\n-tbm-Kn-°pI XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-
W-߃.
F∂m¬, ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-iß - ƒ \evIp-∂X - n-\mbn krjvSn-If
- psS
Ah-Im-i-߃ th≠-Xn-e-[nIw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-°q-Sm. AXn-\m¬ ssZhw-
Xs∂, Xs‚ Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Nne Cf-hp-Iƒ \evIn-bn-´p-≠v.
DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v \a-kvImcw FSp-°mw. AXv A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZhw
F√m kuI-cy-ßfpw sNbvXp X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. "hpZp' sNøm≥ sh≈w
In´msXtbm tcmKw aqew sh≈w ]mSn-√m-sXtbm h∂m¬ "XbΩpw'*-sNømw.
bm{Xm-th-f-bn¬ \a-kvImcw "Jkvdpw'** "PwDw'*** sNømw. \n∂v \a-kvI-
cn-°m≥ Bh-Xn-√m-Ø-h¿°v Ccpt∂m, InSt∂m Bhmw. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬
sNm√m\pw sNøm\pw hfsc°pdt® D≈q. GXm\pw \nan-j-߃ aXn AX-
\p-jvTn-°m≥. tPmenØn-c° - p≈ Ah-kc - ß
- f
- n¬ Zo¿Ln® \a-kvImcw hntcm-
[n-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. cm{Xn t]mse tPmen-Øn-c-°n-√mØ {]im-¥-amb ka-b-
ß-fnte Zo¿Ln® A[ym-b߃ ]mcm-bWw sNbvXv \a-kvI-cn-°m-hq.
\n¿_‘ \a-kvIm-c-߃°p ]pdta "kp∂Øv' \a-kvIm-c-߃ A\p-jvTn-
°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øn\v k¥pjvSn ]I-cp∂ Imcy-am-Wv. ]t£, cm{Xn-bnse
\n{Zbpw ]I-esØ tPmen-Ifpw Dt]-£n®v \a-kvIc - n-°m≥ ssZhw B⁄m-
]n-®n-´n-√. \nXy-hr-Øn-°mbn tPmen sNtø≠ ka-b-sØ√mw \a-kvI-cn-
°m\pw ]d-™n-´n-√. A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-sf√mw l\n°pw hn[w
Ft∏mgpw \a-kvI-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Bh-iy-s∏-´n-´n-√.
CtX-t]mse, {hXm-\p-jvTm-\-Øn-\p-ap≠v Cf-hp-Iƒ. {hXw h¿j-Øn¬
Hcp amkta \n¿_-‘-ap-≈q. bm{X-°mcpw tcmKn-Ifpw ]n∂oSv A\p-jvTn-
®m¬ aXn. t\msº-Sp-Ø-h≥ AXv ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-\-i-‡-\mbnØo¿∂m¬
t\mºv apdn-°mw. tcmKw `b-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿb - nepw t\mºv Hgn-°mw. AØm-
* s]mSn-a-Æp-sIm≠v apJhpw ssIbpw XS-h¬.
** \mev dIvA-Øp≈ \a-kvImcw c≠v dI-vA-Øm°n Npcp°n \a-kvI-cn-°¬.
*** c≠v \a-kvIm-c-߃ H∂n®v sNø¬. fpl¿, Ak¿ F∂n-hbpw aKvcn-_v, Cim F∂n-
hbpw PwAv B°n sNømw.
108 CkvemwaXw
g-k-a-b-Øns‚ Ah-km\w hsc Blmcw Ign-°mw. t\mºpapdn-t°≠
ka-b-am-bm¬ H´pw Xma-kn-bmsX t\mºv apdn-°-Ww. kp∂Øp t\mºp-I-
f-\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-{]oXn kºm-Zn-°p-hm≥ IqSp-X¬ D]-bp-‡-am-sW-
¶nepw tPmen-Iƒ sNøm-\-i-‡-\mIpw hn[w t\msº-Sp°p-∂Xv ssZhw
Xosc CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
C\n, kIm-Øns‚ kz`mhw t\m°p-I. Xotc sNdnb Hcp XpItb kIm-
Ømbn \evtI-≠-Xp-≈q. AXp Xs∂bpw \n›nX tXmXn-ep≈ [\w, Hcp
\n›nX Imew tiJ-cn®p sh°p-∂-h¿°v am{Xw. \n¿_-‘-amb hnln-X-
Øn∂v ]pdta ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ [\w hybw sNøp-∂Xv ssZhsØ k¥p-
jvS-\m-°p-sa-∂Xv icn. ]t£, kz¥w Bh-iy-ßfpw `mcym-k-¥m-\-ß-fpsS
Ah-Im-i-ßfpw l\n°pw hn[w Zm\[¿a߃ sNbvXv Zcn-{Z-\mbn Ign-
™p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv ssZh-an-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Cu hnj-b-Ønepw anX-amb \ne-]mSv
ssIs°m-≈p-hm-\mWv Ah≥ Iev]n-°p-∂-Xv.
l÷ns‚ Ah-ÿbpw as‰m-∂-√. bm{Xm sNe-hn\v hIbpw bm{Xm-
t¢-i-߃ kln-°m≥ Ignhpw D≈-h¿t° l÷v \n¿_-‘-ap-≈q. AXpw
Bbp-jv°m-e-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ am{Xw. bp≤tam a‰p Ipg-∏-ßtfm ImcWw
Pohm-]mbw `b-s∏-Sm-hp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ l÷vbm{X am‰n-sh-°mw.
hm¿[Iyw {]m]n® amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ a°-fpsS kΩXw e`nt® l÷n\v
t]mImhq F∂p-≠v. k¥m-\-ß-fpsS A`m-hw-aqew H‰-°p≈ bm{X-bn¬,
hnj-a-߃ t\cn-Sm-\n-Sbp-≈XpsIm≠m-Wn-Xv. ssZhw, kz¥w Ah-Im-i-
ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßsf F{X-am{Xw ]cn-K-Wn-®n-´p-
s≠∂v CsX√mw hy‡-am-°p-∂p.
ssZh-am¿K-Øn-ep≈ ka-c-Øn-emWv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-߃ IqSp-X-embn
_en-I-gn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn¬, a\p-jy≥ kz¥w tZlhpw [\hpw Poh≥
Xs∂bpw _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂p. am{X-a-√, A\y-cp-sSXv l\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. F∂m¬, apºv {]kvXm-hn® t]mse henb \jvS-ß-sfm-gn-hm-°p-hm≥
sNdnb \jvS-߃ kln-°-W-sa-∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ XØzw. kXyhpw
kZm-Nm-chpw im¥nbpw \in-°p-Ibpw Ak-Xyhpw A[m¿an-I-Xbpw Akzm-
ÿyhpw temIØv i‡n-bp-d-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xpw ssZhnI
hyhÿ in¿°v, Ip^vdv, \mkvXn-IX F∂n-h-bm¬ ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏-SpI
F∂Xpw \qtdm Bbn-ctam e£tam P\-߃°v Poh-lm\n t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn-
s\-°mƒ hºn® \jvS-am-sW∂v ImWmw. Cu h≥ \jvSw Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn
tZlhpw [\hpw Poh\pw _en-I-gn-°p-I-sb∂ sNdnb \jvSw ssZh{]oXn
ap≥\n¿Øn, kk-t¥mjw kln-°-W-sa∂v ssZhw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Iev]n-
®p. F∂m¬, Ahn-sSbpw Bh-iy-Øn¬°hn™v Hcp Xp≈n c‡w t]mepw
Nn¥n-°q-Sm. hr≤≥-am¿, Ip´n-Iƒ, kv{XoIƒ, ]cn-t°-‰-h¿, tcmKn-Iƒ apX-
em-b-hsc h[n-®p-Iq-Sm. \njn-≤sØ klm-bn-°m-\mbn Bbp-[-ta-¥n-b-h-
tcmSv am{Xta kacw sNøm-hq. i{Xp-°ƒ°v A\m-h-iy-ambn \mi-\-jvS-
߃ hcp-Ø-cp-Xv. Ah-cpsS hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ sIm≈sNø-cp-Xv. Iog-S-ßnb
i{Xp-°-tfmSv \oXn-]q¿hw h¿Øn-°-Ww. Ah-cp-ambn sNøp∂ DS-º-Sn-Iƒ
]q¿W-ambn ]men-°-Ww. Ah¿ i{XpX Dt]-£n-®m-ep-Ss\ bp≤w \n¿Ø-
Ww-˛-C-sX√mw hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ ssZh-im-k-\-I-fm-Wv. CsX√mw ImWn-
°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃ \evIp-∂-Xn-\mbn, A\y-cpsS Ah-
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ 109
Im-i-߃ hgn-hn´v l\n-°p-hm≥ ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n√ F∂-t{X.
tZl-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃
c≠m-at- ØXv kz¥w ico-cØ- ns‚ Ah-Im-iß - f
- m-Wv. a\p-jy≥ Xt∂mSv
Xs∂-bmWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ A{Iaw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX∂v ]d-™m¬
B›cyw tXm∂n-tb-°mw. B›-cy-I-c-amb Imcyw Xs∂-bm-Wn-Xv. Hmtcm
hy‡nbpw Icp-Xp-∂Xv X\n°v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kvt\lw Xt∂mSv Xs∂-
bmWv F∂-t{X. Xm≥ Xs‚-Xs∂ i{Xp-hm-sW∂v BcmWv kΩ-Xn-°pI?
Cu hkvXpX H∂v ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Imcyw t_m[y-s∏-Spw.
h√ hkvXp-hn-t\mSpw Bi h¿[n-®m¬ a\p-jy≥ AXns‚ ASn-a-bmbn
amdp-∂p. AXns‚ t]cn-e-h≥, Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm kzbw \miw
hcp-Øn-sh-°pw. CXv Hcp, am\p-jnI Zu¿_-ey-am-Wv. Hcp aZy-]≥ aZyw
In´m≥ th≠n {`m¥-∑msct∏mse s]cp-am-dp-∂p. Btcm-Ky-tam [\-tam
am\tam \jvSs - ∏-Sp-∂Xv Abmƒ°v {]iv\ta A√. F¥p \jvShpw Abmƒ
kln-°pw. Xo‰-{`m-¥-≥am¿ IÆn¬ I≠-sX√mw Xn∂v tcmKw £Wn-®p-h-
cp-Øpw. Ima-{`m-¥-∑m¿ kz¥w \mi-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂-sX√mw sNøpw.
Bflo-b-{`aw Xe°v ]nSn-®-h≥, tZtl-O-I-f-Sn-®-a¿Øn, {]mY-an-Im-h-iy-
߃t]mepw XyPn®v kzPoh-s\-t∏mepw A]-I-S-Øn-em-°pw. hnhmlw
shSn™v {_“-Nm-cn-bm-hpw. Blm-c-˛-]m-\o-b-˛-h-kv{Xm-Zn-Iƒ h¿Pn-°pw.
izmkw Ign-°p-∂Xv t]mepw Ah-cn-jvS-s∏-Sn-√. Im´nepw ta´nepw t]mbn
X]- n-cn-°pw. Cu temIw X\n-°p≈Xs√∂v Xocp-am-\n°pw. a\p-jys‚
Xo{h-amb Nne hmk-\-Iƒ°p≈ DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wn-h. CXns‚ hnhn[
cq]-߃ cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw \ap°v Np‰pw \mw I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.
Ckvem-anI ico-A-Øns‚ e£yw a\p-jys‚ \∑bpw t£ahpw hnP-
b-ku-`m-Ky-ß-fp-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬, ""\ns‚ tZl-Øn\v \o \evtI-≠-Xmb
Nne Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-≠v'' F∂v AXv a\p-jys\ kKu-chw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-
°p-∂p. a\p-jy∂v tZmjtam \mitam hcp-Øp∂ kIe Imcy-ßfpw ico-
AØv \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]∂n-amw-kw, amwk-`p-°p-I-fmb h\y-ar-K-߃,
hnj-P-¥p-°ƒ, c‡w, ihw apX-em-bh DZm-l-c-Ww. a\p-jys‚ _p≤n,
Btcm-Kyw, kz`m-hw, Bflob t_m[w F∂n-h°v Ah lm\n-Ic - a
- mbXmWv
Cu \ntcm-[-Øn\v Imc-Ww. F∂m¬, ip≤hpw KpW-{]-Z-hp-amb F√m
hkvXp-°fpw ico-AØv A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. "icocØn\v ip≤-amb Blmcw
\ntj-[n-°-cp-Xv. Imc-Ww, \ns‚ ico-c-Øn\v \o \evtI≠ Nne Ah-Im-i-
ß-fp-≠v' F∂v AXv DW¿Øp-∂p. \·-cmbn \S-°-cp-Xv. ssZhw D¬]m-Zn-
∏n®p X∂n-´p≈ hkv{Xw [cn-°-W-sa∂v ico-AØv \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. \nXy-
hr-Øn-°mbn tPmensNøm≥ AXv Iev]n-°p-∂p. Ae-k-\mbpw bmNn-®pw
Imew Ign-°-cp-Xv; ]´nWn InS∂v acn-°-cpXv; ssZhw \evInb Ign-hp-I-fp-]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww; BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn¬ ssZhw Hcp°nsh® kIe \nt£-
]-ßfpw kma-{Kn-Ifpw kzPo-hn-X-Øn-∂p-]-bp-‡-am-°-Ww˛ CXm-W-Xns‚
imk-\. Ima-hn-Imcw ASn-®-a¿Øp-∂Xpw ico-A-Øns‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ sX‰m-
Wv. hnIm-c-i-a-\-Øn-\mbn hnhmlw Ign-°m-\mWv AXv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
k\ymkw Ckvem-an\\y-am-Wv. Pohn-X-Ønse kpJm-\-µ-߃ X´n-°-f-b-
cp-Xv F∂v AXv DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh kmao-]yhpw ]c-tem-It- am-£hpw
110 CkvemwaXw
e`n-°p-hm≥ Cl-tem-I-kp-J-߃ shSn-tb≠ Bh-iy-an-√. adn®v, euInI
Imcy-ß-fn¬ ssZhsØ kvacn-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ ewLn-
°m- X n- c n- ° p- I bpw ssZh- i m- k - \ - I ƒs°mØv PohnXw \bn- ° p- I bpw
sNbvXm¬ Cl-]-c-tem-I-ß-fnse hnP-b-ku-`m-Ky-߃ t\Smw. Bfl-lXy
ico-AØv hntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Imc-Ww-˛-Po-h≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn-
s‚-Xm-Wv. AXv shdpsX \in-∏n-®p-Iq-Sm. ssZhw \n›-bn® Ah[n hsc
D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈-Xm-WXv.
ka-kr-jvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃
kztZ-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃ \evIp-hm≥ ico-AØv Iev]n-°p-∂p.
]t£, AXv \evIp-tºmƒ A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ l\n-°-s∏-´p-IqSm
F∂v AXn\v \n¿_-‘-ap-≠v. A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ Ih¿s∂-Sp-Øp-
sIm≠v kz¥w C—-Isf Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿ kzi-co-csØØs∂ aen-
\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v tamj-Ww, Ih¿®, h©-\, ssI°q-en,
]en-i, I≈-t°-kv, I≈-km£yw F∂nh ico-AØv \njn-≤-am-bn-°m-Wp-
∂p. Cu am¿K-Øn-eqsS Hcmƒ h√Xpw t\Sp-tºmƒ as‰m-cmƒ°Xv \-jvSw
hcp-Øpw. I≈w, ]c-Zq-j-Ww, Gj-Wn, hymP-amb Ip‰m-tcm-]Ww XpS-ßn-
b-hbpw Cu KW-Øn¬s]´-Xm-Wv. NqXv, tem´dn F∂n-hbpw CXp-t]m-se-
X-s∂. Ch-bn-eq-sS-sb√mw Hcp hy‡n t\Sp∂ em`w a‰-t\Iw hy‡n-I-
fpsS \jvSsØ B{i-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. NXn, h©-\-b-S-ßnb CS-]m-Sp-
Iƒ, {Ib-hn-{I-b-Øn¬ Hcp I£n°p am{Xw \jvSw hcp∂ hym]mchyh-
ÿ, A{I-aw, sIme, a¿Z\w F∂n-hbpw ico-AØv \ntcm-[n-®-h-bm-Wv.
X\n°v em`w t\Sm\pw Xs‚ Bi-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m\pw A\ysc ]oUn-
∏n-°p-hmt\m Ah-cpsS Poh≥ l\n-°mt\m B¿°p-ah - I
- m-ia
- n-√. hy`n-Nmcw,
{]IrXnhncp≤ ssewKn-IX F∂n-hbpw ico-A-Øn¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√.
CØcw Zp¿hr-Øn-Iƒ AXn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS BtcmKyw \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw
kz`mhw Zpjn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. am{X-a-√, kaq-l-Øn¬ s]mXpth \n¿e-
÷-Xbpw Zpjn® kz`m-h-ßfpw alm-tcm-K-ßfpw ]S¿∂p ]nSn-°m≥ Ah
hgn-sh-°pw. bph Xe-apd \in®pt]mhp-I-bmhpw AXns‚ ^ew. ]e hn[-
Øn-ep≈ Ipg-∏-߃°pw AcmPIXz-Øn\pw AXn-S-bm°pw. a\pjy_‘-
߃ Xmdp-am-dmbnt∏mhp-Ibpw \mK-cn-IX - b
- psS ASn-thcp-Xs∂ A‰pt]mhp-
I-bpw sNøpw.
A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ kwc-£n-°m-\mbn ico-A-Øv, hy‡n-I-fpsS
ta¬ Npa-Ønb \n_-‘-\-I-fm-Wn-Xp-hsc ]d-™-Xv. F∂m¬, kmaqlnI
Pohn-X-Øns‚ sI´p-d∏pw \mK-cnI ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw ssIh-cn-°p-hm≥ hy‡n,
kaq-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-߃ l\n-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ am{Xw t]mcm. adn-®v,
hy‡n-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-°-Ø-°-hÆw Ah-cpsS _‘w kpZr-V-
am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu Bh-iym¿Yw ico-AØv Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p≈ \nb-a-ß-
sf-s¥m-s°-sb∂v t\m°mw.
a\p-jy-_-‘-ß-fpsS Bcw`w IpSpw-_-Øn¬\n∂m-W-t√m. `¿Øm-hv,
`mcy, k¥m-\-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS Iq´mbva°mWv IpSpw_w F∂v ]d-bp-∂-
Xv. ico-AØ- \- p-kc
- n®v tPmensNbvXv IpSpw_w ]pe¿tØ≠ _m[yX ]pcp-
j-s‚-Xm-Wv. Krl-Im-cy-߃ t\m°n \S-Øp-I, `¿Øm-hn\pw k¥m-\-
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ 111
߃°pw Ign-bp-∂{X kpJ-ku-I-cy-ß-sfm-cp-°p-I, in£-W-kw-c-£-W-
߃ \evIn k¥m-\-ßsf hf¿ØpI F∂n-h-bmWv kv{Xobn-e¿∏n-°-s∏´
_m[y-X-Iƒ. amXm-]n-Xm-°sf A\p-k-cn-°p-I, Ah-tcmSv BZ-chv ImWn-
°p-I, hm¿[Iy-Øn¬ Ahsc kwc-£n-°pI XpS-ßn-bh k¥m-\-ß-fpsS
Npa-X-e-I-fn¬s∏Sp-∂p. Cu IpSpw-_-hy-hÿ \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ Ckvemw
c≠v am¿K-ßf - mWv kzoI-cn-®X
- v. H∂m-aX
- m-bn, ]pcp-js\ IpSpw-_\ - m-Y\
- mbn
\n›-bn-®p. Hcp `c-Wm-[n-]-\n-√msX Hcp cmPyØv Hcp hyhÿbpw D≠m-
hn-√. Hcp slUvam-Ã-dn-√msX Hcp kvIqƒ \S-°n-√. AXpt]mse Hcp \mY-
\n-√msX Hcp IpSpw-_-hy-h-ÿbpw ]pe-cn-√. Hmtcm AwKhpw X∂njvSw
{]h¿Øn°p∂ Hcp IpSpw-_-Øn¬ kZm hg°pw h°m-Whpw Ii-]n-ibpw
am{Xta ImWq. kt¥m-jhpw kuJyhpw t]cn∂p t]mep-a-hn-sS-bp-≠m-hn-
√. `¿Ømhv Hcp hgn°pw `mcy as‰mcp hgn°pw t]mIpw. k¥m-\-߃°v
Blmcw t]mepw e`n-°n-√. Cu ÿnXn-sbm-gn-hm-°m≥ IpSpw-_-Øn-s∂mcp
\mY-\p-≠mtb ]‰q. AXv ]pcp-j≥ Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. ImcWw, IpSpw-
_sØ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-߃ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-
Xn\pap≈ _m[yX ]pcp-j-s‚-Xm-W-t√m.
IpSpw-_-hy-hÿ \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ Ckvemw kzoI-cn® c≠m-asØ
am¿Kw CXmWv: hoSn∂v ]pd-Øp≈ kIe tPmen-I-fpsSbpw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw
]pcp-j∂v \evIp-Ibpw kv{XotbmSv A\m-hi - y-ambn ho´n\v shfn-bn¬ t]mI-
cp-sX∂v Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ho´n\v ]pd-Øp≈ Npa-X-e-I-fn¬\n∂v
kv{Xosb Hgn-hm°n \n¿Øn. CXv kzÿ-X-tbmSpw kam-[m-\-tØmSpwIqSn
ho´n-\-I-Øp≈ I¿Ø-hy-߃ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ kv{Xo°v Ah-k-c-ta-Ip-
∂p. F∂m¬, kv{XoIƒ ho´n¬\n∂v Xosc ]pd-Øp-t]m-I-cp-sX∂v CXn-
\¿Y-an-√. Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-tºmƒ kv{Xo°v shfn-bn¬ t]mImw. kv{XobpsS
I¿Ø-hy-ß-fpsS km£m¬ cwKw Ah-fpsS Krl-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Ah-
fpsS apgp-h≥ Ign-hp-Ifpw Km¿lnI Pohn-XsØ IqSp-X¬ kpJ-{]-Z-am-°p-
∂-Xn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂pw am{X-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ Dt±-iyw.*
c‡-_-‘hpw kvt\l-_-‘hpw IpSpw-_-hr-ØsØ Iptd-°qSn hnI-
kn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu hrØ-Øn¬ IqSn-°-gn-bp-∂-h¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘w \∂m-
°p-hm\pw Ah-sc ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-I-fm°n am‰m\pw th≠n ico-AØv
bp‡n-\n-jvThpw {]mtbm-KnI-hp-amb Nne \nb-a-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p≠v.
* enwKm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ Cu tPmen-\n¿Wbw XI¿Ø-Xns‚ Xn‡m-\p-`-h-߃°ptijw
kv{XoIƒ hoSp-I-fn-te°v aS-ß-W-sa∂v apd-hnfn Iq´m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p Nne ]m›m-
Xy≥ Nn¥-I-∑m¿. c≠v {]apJ Nn¥-I-∑m-cmb tUm. ^pƒ´≥ sP. jo\n-s‚bpw s{]m.
knco¬ tPmUn-s‚bpw A`n-{]m-b-߃ NphsS tN¿°p-∂p. "Iayq-Wnkw B‚ v Zn
tIm¨sj≥kv Hm^v Zn shÃv' (Communism and the Conscience of the west)F∂ IrXn-
bn¬ tUmIvS¿ jo≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:
""Ncn-{X-Øn¬ XpeyX ImWm-Ø-hn[w \ncm-im-a-b-amWv Ata-cn-°≥ IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Ønse
{]£p-_v[m-h-ÿ. cmjv{S-Øns‚ _tcm-ao-‰-d-s{X(-hmbpL\-am-]n-\n) IpSpw-_w. Ata-cn-
°-bnse icm-icn hosS-ß-s\-bmtWm AXn¬\n-s∂m´pw `n∂-a√ Ata-cn-°-bpsS ÿnXn-
bpw. ISw sIm≠pw ]Ww [q¿Ø-Sn-®p-amWv Ata-cn-°≥ hoSp-Iƒ ]pe-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ A\-
Xn-hn-Zq-c-`m-hn-bn¬ tZiob IS-Øn\v ta¬ tZiob ISw Ip∂p-Iq-Sp∂ Hcp \mSm-bn-Øo-cpw
Ata-cn-°. Ata-cn-°-bnse icm-icn `mcym-`¿Øm-°ƒ Xß-fpsS hnhm-l-°-cm-dp-Iƒ k\n-
jvI¿jw ]men-°mØ ]£w AXvem-¥nIv Nm¿´-dnepw (A-Xn¬ ]d-™) \mep Xc-Øn-
112 CkvemwaXw
Ah-bn¬ Nne-XmWv NphsS:
1. {]IrXym ]c-kv]cw CS-s]´v hkn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ kv{Xo-]p-cp-j-∑m¿
XΩn-ep≈ hnhm-l-_‘w ico-AØv \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-am-°n. amXmhpw aI\pw;
]nXmhpw aIfpw; amXm-hns‚ `¿Ømhpw `mcy-bpsS aIfpw; ]nXm-hns‚
`mcybpw `¿Øm-hn-s‚- a-I-\pw; ktlm-Zco ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿; ]nXr-hy\pw
ktlm-Z-c-]p-{Xnbpw ; ]nXr-k-tlm-Z-cnbpw ktlm-Z-c-]p-{X\pw; amXr-k-tlm-
Z-c\pw ktlm-Z-co-]p-{Xnbpw; amXr-k-tlm-Z-cn-Ifpw ktlm-Zco ]p{X-∑mcpw;
`mcym-am-Xmhpw ]p{Xo `¿Ømhpw; `¿Ør ]nXmhpw ]p{X-`m-cy-bpw-˛-C-h-cmWv
ico-AØv hnhm-l-_‘w \njn-≤-am-°n-bn-´p≈ c‡-˛-Ip-Spw_ _‘p-°ƒ.
CXn¬ [mcmfw KpW-ß-f-S-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬s]´-h¿ XΩn-ep≈
s]cp-am‰w ]cn-]m-h-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Zp¿hn-Nm-c-߃ Ie-cmØ \njvI-f-
¶-kvt\-l-tØmsS Ah¿ XΩn¬ kl-h-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv Ah-
bn¬ apJy-amb H∂-t{X.
2. ]c-kv]c _‘w IqSp-X¬ ZrV-am-bn-Øo-cp-hm-\mbn IpSpw-_-Ønse
\nb-a-hn-cp-≤-am-°-s∏-´-h-scm-gn-®p≈ a‰p kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m¿ XΩn¬ hnhmlw
sNøp-∂Xv ico-AØv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-°n. kz`m-h-ßfpw BNm-c-k-{º-Zm-
b-ßfpw ]cn-N-bn-®-dn-™-h¿ XΩn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ hnhm-l-_-‘-amWv IqSp-X¬
hnP-b-I-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-I. A\y-cp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øn¬ ]et∏mgpw hntbm-
Pn∏pw `n∂n∏pw D≠m-Im≥ km[yX Gsd-bm-Wv. C°m-c-W-Øm-emWv
Ckvemw F√m \ne-bnepw At\ym\yw tbmPn-∏p≈ kv{Xo ]pcp-j-∑m¿
XΩn-ep≈ hnhm-l-Øn\v ap≥K-W\ \evIp-∂-Xv.
3. Hcp IpSpw-_-Øn¬ Zcn-{Zcpw kº-∂cpap≠m-Ipw. kpÿn-Xn-bn-ep-≈-
ep≈ kzmX-{¥y-ß-fnepw (Four Freedoms) hniz-kn-°m≥ A\ysc \n¿_-‘n-°m≥ Ata-
cn-°-°h-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-X-√.
""kvt\l-Øns‚ t\´-߃ a\-∏q¿hw hnkva-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬, an®-ap≈ ]cp-Ønbpw Im∏nbpw
IS-en-sem-gp-°m\pw kmº-ØnI aqey-߃°p th≠n {]Ir-Xnsb XI¿°m\pw t{]cn-∏n-
°p∂ kmº-Øn-I-\-b-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw \mw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. c≠mƒ°pw th≠n F∂-
Xn-ep-]cn Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw kzm¿Y-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv `mcym-`¿Øm-°ƒ Pohn-°p-∂-
sX-¶n¬, At\ym-\ym-{i-bØ - n-eq-sSbpw ]c-kv]c kl-Ic
- W
- Ø
- n-eq-sSbpw am{Xta X߃°v
hy‡n-]-c-amb kuJyw e`y-amIq F∂v Ah¿°v ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ `mcym-
`¿Øm°ƒ IW-s°, aqe-[-\hpw {]b-Xv\hpw XΩn¬ t]mcm-´-Øn-te¿s∏-Spw. Aßs\
Ah c≠pw kmaq-ly-Po-hnXw hnc-khpw hy¿Y-hp-am°pw. kmº-ØnI kam-[m\w sISp-
Øpw. Xm¥m-ß-fn¬\n∂v hn´v kzX-{¥-ambn t{]am¿Y\ \-S-Øm≥ `mcym-`¿Øm-°ƒ kΩ-
Xn-°p∂ ]£w hntZ-iob XØz-im-kv{X-߃ \pg™pIb-dp∂ \mSm-bn-Øocpw Ata-cn-
°. "tZi-`‡n' F∂p ]d-bp∂ B ]c-a-amb Iqdns\ Iayq-Wnkw F{]-Imcw XqØp-am-‰p-
∂pthm A{]-Imcw Xs∂. ssZh-sas∂m-∂n-√m-Ø-t]mse `mcym-`¿Øm-°ƒ s]cp-am-dp-∂-
Xm-bm¬ tZio-b-sa-t∂mWw \nco-iz-c-Xz-Øn\p th≠n hmZn-°p-∂, kzmX-{¥y-{]-Jym-]-
\sØ Jfin-°p-∂, \ΩpsS F√m Ah-Im-i-_m-[y-X-Ifpw ssZh-Z-Ø-am-sW-∂-Xns\
\ntj-[n-°p∂ DtZym-Kÿ ta[m-hn-I-fp-ambncn°pw Ata-cn-°-°p-≠m-hp-I. cmjv{S-Øns‚
kz`mhw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂Xv hoS-s{X. IpSpw-_-Øn-se kw`hw Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ tIm¨{K-
knepw ssh‰vlu-knepw kp{]ow-tIm¿´n-ep-sa√mw {]Xym-Lm-Xap-f-hm-°pw. A¿ln-°p∂
Kh¿sa‚mWv Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw e`n-°p-I. ho´n-se-t∏m-se-bmWv cmjv{Shpw Pohn-°p-I.''
Iptd-°qSn apt∂m´p t]mbn-s°m≠v s{]m^- ¿ knco¬ tPmUv ]d-bp∂p:
""kv{XoIƒ Krl-˛-inip ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn∂v kΩ-Xn-°p∂ ]£w AXp-hgn Pohn-X-\n-e-hmcw
Aev]w Xmgv∂mepw temIw IqSp-X¬ kuJy ]q¿W-am-tb-s\-sb∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-
∂p.''(Variety, December, 1, 1952)
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ 113
hcpw Zpxÿn-Xn-bn-ep-≈-hcpw ImWpw. AXn-\m¬, hy‡n-Iƒ kz¥w IpSpw-
_mw-K-ß-fpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\v ap≥K-W\ \evI-W-sa∂v Ckvemw A\p-
im-kn-°p-∂p. CXn\v Ckvem-ans‚ kmt¶-XnI `mj-bn¬ "kzne-Øp¿dlvav'
(Ip-Spw-_- _‘߃ tN¿°¬)-F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Ckvemw AXn-Ku-c-h-
tØmsS ImWp∂ Imcy-am-Wn-Xv. IpSpw-_-_-‘-߃ th¿s]-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v"
JXv-D¿dlvav'F∂mWv kmt¶-XnI `mj. CXv \njn-≤-amb alm-]m-]-am-
Wv. _‘p-°-fn-sem-cmƒ Zcn-{Zt\m a‰p Zpcn-X-ß-fp-≈-bmtfm BsW-¶n¬
Ahs\ Ignbpwhn[-sa√mw klm-bn-t°-≠-Xv kpÿn-Xn-bn¬ Ign-bp∂
_‘p-°-fpsS I¿Ø-hy-am-Ip-∂p. Zm\-[¿a-ß-fnepw _‘p-°-fpsS Ah-Im-
i-߃°v Ckvemw {]tXyIw ap≥K-W\ \evIp-∂p-≠v.
4. bp‡n\njvT-amb Hcp A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-\n-baw Ckvemw Bhn-jvI-
cn-®p. ac-Wm-\-¥cw Hcm-fpsS kºØv ac-hn®pt]mImsX, kz¥w _‘p-
°ƒ°n-S-bn¬ hoXn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Zmb-{I-a-hy-h-ÿ. ]p{X≥, ]p{Xn, `mcy,
`¿Øm-hv, ]nXm-hv, amXm-hv, ktlm-Z-c≥, ktlm-Zcn F∂n-h-cmWv Hcm-fpsS
G‰hpw ASpØ _‘p-°ƒ. AXn-\m¬, Zmb-{I-a-Øns‚ {]Ya t{iWn-
bn¬ Ah-cm-Wp-≈-Xv. Ah-cn¬ Bcp-an-s√-¶n¬ ]tc-X-t\mSv Xmc-X-tay\
IqSp-X¬ ASpØh¿°v Hmlcn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. C∆n[w ac-Wm-\-¥cw
Hcmƒ hn´p-t]m-Ip∂ kºØv kzIp-Spw-_-Ønse At\Iw t]¿°v {]tbm-
P-\-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu Ckvem-anI \nbaw temIØv Xpey-X-bn-√mØ H∂-t{X.
ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn CXc kap-Zm-b-ßfpw AXv ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ XpS-
ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]t£, apkvenw-I-fn¬ Nne¿ kz¥w A⁄-Xbpw ]nSn-∏p-
tISpw aqew Cu hninjvS \nb-asØ ewLn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv F¥p-am{Xw
]cn-Xm-]-I-c-a√! hnin-jym, s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°v Ah-Imiw sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-
°pI F∂ k{º-Zmbw C¥y-bnepw ]m°n-ÿm-\nepap≈ apkvenw-I-fn¬
hf-sc-b-[nIw hym]n-®n-´p-≠v. CXv ISpØ A{I-ahpw hnip≤ Jp¿-B∂v
Xo¿Øpw hncp-≤-hp-am-Wv.
_‘p-°ƒ Ign-™m¬, \ΩpsS _‘w kvt\l-P-\-߃, Ab¬hm-
kn-Iƒ, tZi-°m¿, cmPy-°m¿ F∂n-h-tcm-Sm-Wv. Ch-tcm-sS√mw kXy-k-‘-
X-tbmSpw acym-Zt- bmSpw \oXn-t_m-[t- ØmSpw kZzn-Im-ct- ØmSpw IqSn h¿Øn-
°-Ws - a∂v Ckvemw Iev]n-°p-∂p. Bscbpw IjvSs - ∏-Sp-Øc - p-Xv, Bcp-sSbpw
a\- ns\ thZ-\n-∏n-°c - p-Xv, BtcmSpw Ak`yw ]d-bc - p-Xv, At\ym\yw klm-
bn-°p-I, tcmKn-Isf kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°p-th≠ ip{iq-j-Iƒ \S-
Øp-Ibpw sNøpI; acn-®-h-cpsS ih-kw-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-I, B]Øn-
\n-cb
- m-hp-∂h
- t- cmSv A\p-Iº - bpw kl-Xm-]hpw ImWn-°p-I, ]mh-߃°pw
AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw hnI-emw-K¿°pw cl-ky-ambn klm-bs - a-Øn-°p-I, sXmgn¬
cln-X¿°v sXmgn¬ \evIn klm-bn-°p-I, kºØv kz¥w kpJm-Uw-_-c-
ß-fn¬ am{Xw hybw sNøm-sX, ]c-k-lm-b-Øn\mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-I-˛-C-
sX√mw A\y-P-\-ß-tfmSv h¿Øn-t°-≠p∂ Ckvem-an-Im-\p-im-k-\-I-fm-Wv.
kz¿Whpw sh≈nbpwsIm≠p≈ ]m{X-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpw ]pcp-j-∑m¿
]´p hkv{X-ßfpw kz¿Wm-`-c-W-ß-fp-a-Wn-bp-∂Xpw [\w A\m-h-iy-hn-t\m-
Z-ß-fnepw BUw-_-c-ß-fnepw Zp¿hybw sNøp-∂Xpw Ckvemw hne-°p-∂p.
]c-k-l{kw ssZh-Zm-k-∑m¿°v Blm-c-Øn-\p-X-tI≠ [\w Hcp hy‡n
[q¿Ø-Sn®p If-bp-∂Xv icn-b-√-t√m. \nc-h[n t]cpsS hni-∏-S-°m≥ aXn-
114 CkvemwaXw
bm-Ip∂ [\w Hcm-`-c-W-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬ Hcm-fpsS ico-c-Øn¬ Xqßn-°n-
S-°p-Itbm Hcp ]m{X-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬ Hcp tai-∏pdw Ae-¶-cn-°p-Itbm
Hcp ]c-h-Xm-\n-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ Hcp kzoI-c-W-ap-dn°v tim` ]I-cp-Itbm
Icn-a-cp-∂mbn A·n-bn¬ IØn Zln-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv ISpØ A{I-a-
am-Wv. kºØv hy‡n-I-fn¬\n∂v A∏msS ]nSn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ckvemw Dt±-
in-°p-∂n-√. Hcp-hs‚ kz¥w kºm-Zyhpw A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-ambn e`n®
[\hpw Ah-s‚Xv Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXp]-tbm-Kn®v Pohn-XsØ B\-µ-{]-Z-
am-°m-\p≈ ]q¿Wm-[n-Imcw hy‡n-°p-≠v. ssZhw \ap°v \evIn-bn-´p≈
A\p-{K-l-߃ hoSv, hml-\w, hkv{Xw apX-em-b-h-bn¬ {]I-S-am-bn-°m-Wp-
∂Xpw Ckvemw shdp-°p-∂n-√. BUw-_-chpw [q¿Øp-an-√mØ anX-amb
Hcp Pohn-X-ssien kzoI-cn-°-W-sat∂ Ckvemw Dt±-in-°p-∂p-≈q. \ΩpsS
Bh-iy-߃ AXn-cn-√m-Ø-hn[w h¿[n-∏n-°m-sX, IpSpw-_mw-K-߃°pw
kvt\l-P-\-߃°pw Ab¬hm-kn-Iƒ°pw kap-Zm-bmw-K-߃°pw tZi-hm-
kn-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ \evI-W-sa∂pw AXm-{K-ln-°p-∂p.*
Cu ]cn-anX hrØ-Øn\v ]pdØv hnim-e-amb Hcp temI-ap-≠v. apgp-
h≥ apkvenwIfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp temIw. GXp tZi-°mtcm `mj-
°mtcm Xe-ap-d-°mtcm BI-s´, apkvenw-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw kl-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-
cn-°-Ww. Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ A\n-jvS-kw-`-h-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-hm-\p≈ hgn-I-f-S®p
If-b-Ww. Cu Dt±-iym¿Yw Ckvemw Nne hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p-
≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\mbn NneXv am{Xw ChnsS kqNn-∏n-°mw.
1. apkvenw-I-fpsS ]c-kv]c _‘w kpZr-Vhpw ]mh-\-hp-am-t°-≠-Xn\v
Ah-cpsS kz`mhw kwkvI-cn-t°-≠Xpw Ah-cn¬ km∑m¿Kn-I-t_m[w
hf¿tØ-≠-Xp-ap-≠v. CXv ap≥\n¿Øn, hnhm-l-_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm≥ A\p-
hm-Z-ap≈ kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS kzX-{¥-amb IqSn-t®-c¬ Ckvemw hne-°p-
∂p. kv{Xo ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS ""skmssk-‰n-Iƒ''sht∆sd Bbn-cn-°-W-sa-
∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ imk-\. kv{XoI-fpsS I¿a-cwKw Krl-am-Wv. ]pd-Øn-
d-tß≠ Bhiyw h∂m¬ BI¿j-I-a-√mØ A\m-Uw-_c hkv{X-߃
D]-tbm-Kn®v icocw apgp-h\pw icn°v adt® Cd-ßm-hq. \nhr-Øn-bn-√mØ
L´-ß-fn-e-√msX apJtam ssI∏-Stam t]mepw ]pdØp ImWn-°-cp-Xv.
˛Ckvemw kv{XoIƒ°p \evIp∂ \n¿tZi-ß-fm-Wn-h. AtX Ah-kcw,
A\y-kv{Xo-Isf t\m°-cp-sX-∂pw, I≠p-t]m-bm¬ ZrjvSn Xncn®p If-b-W-
sa∂pw c≠m-aXv t\m°p-hm≥ Xp\n-bp-Itbm Ahsc kao-]n-°p-hm≥ {ian-
°p-Itbm sNø-cp-sX∂pw Ckvemw ]pcp-j-∑m-tcmSpw B⁄m-]n-°p-∂p.
kz`mh kwkvI-c-W-Øn\pw hnIm-c-i-a-\-Øn\p-ambn ssZhw \n›-bn®
hnhmlw F∂ AXn-cn-∂-∏pdw NmSm≥ {ian-°-cp-Xv. F∂-√, Aß-s\-sbmcp
Nn¥-t]mepw DZv`-hn-®p-Iq-Sm. Cu a´n¬ Bfl-\n-b-{¥Ww ]men-t°-≠-Xv,
Ckvem-anI ZrjvSym kv{Xo]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS Hgn-®p-Iq-SmØ _m[y-X-b-t{X.
2. apkvenw-I-fpsS [m¿anI `{Z-X°v ico-AØv \n›-bn® as‰mcp
hyhÿ hkv{X-[m-c-W-Øn-em-Wv. ]pcp-j-∑m¿ Im¬ap-´n\pw s]m°n-fn\pw
CS-bv°p≈ `mKhpw kv{XoIƒ apJhpw ssI∏-Shpw Hgn-®p≈ `mKhpw ad-
bv°Ww F∂v Ckvemw A\p-imkn°p-∂p. ASpØ _‘p-hns‚ apºn¬
* A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah-cpsS kzØn¬ bmN-I∂pw C√m-Ø-h∂pw Ah-Im-i-ß-fp≠v.''
(51: 19)
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ 115
t]mepw Ah Xpd-∂n-S-cp-Xv. ico-c-Ønse {]kvXpX `mK-߃°v ico-A-
Øns‚ `mj-bn¬"knXvdv'(a-d) F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. apkvenwIfn¬ e÷m-ioew
hf¿Øp-Ibpw Zp¿hr-ØnIƒ°v t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ \n¿e-÷X ]S¿∂p]nSn-°p-
∂Xv XS-bp-I-bp-amWv CXp-sIm≠v Ckvemw e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv.
3. hnt\m-Zß
- ƒ°v Ckvemw G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb \nb-{¥-Wa - mWv aq∂m-asØ
kwK-Xn. kz`mhw Zpjn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Zpcm-{K-lhpw Zp¿hn-Im-c-ßfpw DtØ-
Pn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnt\m-Z-߃ AX-\p-h-Zn-°n-√. ka-bw, Btcm-Kyw,
[\w, am\w F∂nh \in-∏n-°p∂ hnt\m-Z-ßfpw \njn-≤-a-t{X. Hgnhp thf-
I-fn¬ hnt\m-Z-߃ kz¥w \ne°v Gsd Bh-iy-am-Wv. \thm-t∑-jhpw
I¿assNX-\yhpw ]I-cm≥ A[zm-\-tØm-sSm∏w eoem-hn-t\m-Z-ßfpw AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. ]t£, Ah Bflm-hns\ aen-\-am-°p∂ Xc-Øn-
ep≈hbm-h-cp-Xv. kv{Xo ]pcpj t`Z-an-√m-sX, ]c-k-l{kw P\-߃, ]m]-
hr-Øn-I-fpsS km¶-ev]n-Im-hn-jvIm-c-ßfpw A«oe Zriy-ßfpw I≠p
sIm≠n-cn-°pI F∂ Akw-_‘w ]pdta F{X-Xs∂ BI¿j-Wo-b-am-
bn-cp-∂mepw P\-ß-fpsS kz`m-h-N-cy-Isf Atßb‰w Zpjn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-
Wv F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°-an-√.
4. I£n-am-’-cy-ßfpw ssiYn-eyhpw Xotc h¿Pn-°-W-sa∂v Ckvemw
apkvenw-I-tfmSv i‡n-bmbn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ `{Z-X°pw
t£ssa-iz-cy-߃°pw CXv A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-a-t{X. A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-
߃, Bflm¿Y-X-tbmSpw Dt±iy ip≤n-tbmSpw IqSn, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-s‚bpw
Xncp-kp-∂-Øns‚bpw Xo¿∏n\v hnS-Ww. F∂n´pw Hcp Xocp-am\w Akm-[y-
am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ XΩn¬ Ie-ln-°msX AXv ssZh-Øn-¶-e¿∏n-°p-
I-bmWv th≠-Xv. apkvenw-Iƒ°v \∑bpw hnP-bhpw ssIh-cp-Øp∂ Imcy-
ß-fn¬ kl-I-cn-°p-I, t\Xm-°sf A\p-k-cn-°p-I, \mihpw B`y-¥-c-Ip-
g-∏hpw D≠m-°p-∂-h-cn¬\n∂pw hn´p\n-ev°p-I, XΩn¬ Ie-ln®v A]-
Io¿Ønbpw _e-lo-\-Xbpw hcp-Øm-Xn-cn-°pI F∂n-h-sb√mw ico-AØv
apkvenw-I-tfmSv i‡n-bmbn Bh-iy-s∏-´n-´p≈ Imcy-ß-fm-Wv.
5. Aap-kvenw-I-fn¬\n∂v imkv{X-˛-Iem hn⁄m-\o-b-߃ Ic-ÿ-am-
°p-hm\pw Ah-cpsS ^e-{]-Z-amb PohnX am¿K-߃ ]Tn-°p-hm\pw apkvenw-
Iƒ°v ]q¿Wm-\p-hm-Z-ap-≠v. F∂m¬, Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ahsc IÆ-S-®-\p-I-
cn-°p-∂Xv Ckvemw hne-°p-∂p. Hcp kap-Zmbw, kz¥w Ign-hp-tISpw sIm≈-
cp-Xm-bvabpw kzbw kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw a‰p kap-Zm-b-ß-fn¬ \∑bpw t{ijvT-
X-bp-ap-s≠∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gmWv A\y-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS
BNm-c-k-{º-Zm-b-߃ A∏Sn A\p-I-cn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. ASn-a-Ø-
Øns‚ G‰hpw lo\-amb {]I-S-\-am-Wn-Xv. kz¥w ]X-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]cm-
P-bØns‚bpw ]c-ky-hn-fw-_-chpw. A\p-I-cn-°p∂ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚
kwkvImcw \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-t∏m-hp-I-bm-Wn-Xns‚ ^ew. C°m-cWw
sIm≠mWv A\y -k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS kwkvImcw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv \_n(k)
Xncp-ta\n ITn-\-ambn hntcm-[n-®-Xv. Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ bi pw {]Xm-
]hpw Ah-cpsS hkv{X-[m-c-W-Øntem PohnX coXn-bntem A√. Ah-cpsS
hn⁄m-\w, `{Z-X, Imcy-ti-jn, I¿a-i‡n F∂n-h-bm-W-Xns‚ am\-Z-fiw.
AXn-\m¬, i‡nbpw {]Xm-]hpw Ic-ÿ-am-°-em-Wp-t±-iy-sa-¶n¬ AXn-
∂p-X-Ip∂ am¿K-ß-fm-W-h-ew-_n-t°-≠-Xv. A√m-sX, kap-Zm-b-ßsf ASn-
116 CkvemwaXw
a-Ø-Øn¬ Xf®v, HSp-hn¬ A\y-kw-kvIm-c-ß-fn¬ ebn-®v, kz¥w kmwkvI-
mcn-Im-kvXnXzw Xs∂ \in®pt]mIm-\n-S-h-cp-Øp∂ coXn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I-
b-√.
6. A\y-a-X-ÿ-tcmSv XnI™ \njv]-£-Xbpw hnim-e-a-\-kvI-Xbpw
ImWn-°-W-sa∂v Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]£-]m-Xhpw k¶p-NnX a\-ÿn-
Xnbpw Ckvem-sam-cn-°epw s]mdp-∏n-°p-∂n-√. A\y-a-X-ÿ-cpsS alm-flm-
°-sfbpw t\Xm-°-sfbpw Ah-tl-fn-°-cp-sX-∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]-
\w. Ah-cpsS aX-hn-izm-k-ß-sf A]-l-kn-°p-Itbm Ah-cp-ambn Ie-ln-
°tbm Acp-Xv. Ah¿ kvt\l-Ønepw aa-X-bnepw h¿Øn-°p∂ Ime-
tØmfw AXv Xncn®p\evIm≥ apkvenw-Iƒ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. apkvenwIfpsS
Ah-Im-i-߃ Ah¿ A]-l-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ AtX \ne-]mSv Xncn®pw
th≠-Xm-Wv. F∂-√, apkvenw-Iƒ CXc aX-ÿ-sc-°mƒ, kvt\lm-\p-I-
ºbpw kz`m-hi - p-≤nbpw hnime a\-kvIX
- bpap≈-hc - m-bn-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv
Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cyw. A\o-Xnbpw A{I-ahpw kzm¿Y-
Xbpw Hcp apkven-ans‚ ]Z-hn°v \nc-°p-∂-X-√. am\y-X, k¬kz-`m-hw, [¿a-
\njvT F∂n-h°v DØ-a-am-XrIbmbn ]cn-e-kn-t°-≠-Xm-W-bmƒ. D¬Ir-
jvShpw DZm-Ø-hp-amb BZ¿i-Po-hnXw hgn a\p-jy-a-\- p-Isf BI¿jn-
s®-Sp-°p-I-bmWv Abm-fpsS [¿aw.
CXc krjvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃
Xs‚ AkwJyw krjvSn-I-fpsS ta¬ ssZhw a\p-jy∂v A[n-Imcw
\evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-\m-I-s´, kz¥w Ign-hp-]-tbm-Kn®v Ahsb A[o-
\-s∏-SpØn NqjWwsNøp-∂p. krjvSn-I-fn-ep-∂-X-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ AXn-
∂p≈ Ah-Imiw a\p-jy-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬, {]kvXpX krjvSn-Iƒ°p-ap≠v
Nne Ah-Im-i-߃. A\m-h-iy-amtbm Bh-iy-Øn¬°hnt™m a\p-jy≥
Ahsb \in-∏n®p IqSm. Ah D]-bp-‡-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ G‰hpw DØ-a-amb
am¿Kw thWw kzoI-cn-°m≥-˛-C-sX√mw CX-c-kr-jvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-
fm-Wv. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ [mcmfw hn[n-Iƒ ImWmw ico-A-Øn¬. Blm-
cm-h-iym¿Ytam t{Zmlw XS-bmt\m Bbn am{Xta Pohn-Isf sIm√m-hq.
A\m-h-iy-amtbm Hcp ck-Øn\v th≠ntbm sIm√p-∂Xv \njn-≤-am-Wv.
`£ym-h-iy-Øn\v Pohn-Isf sIm√p-tºmƒ, Igp-Øn¬ Adp-°-W-sa-∂mWv
\nbaw. CXm-Wv \√ amwkw e`n-°m≥ ]‰nb coXn. Pohn-Iƒ°v hnjaw
Ipd-bv°p∂ a‰p coXn-I-fp-≠m-hmw. ]t£, Ah amwk-Øns‚ At\Iw
KpW-߃ \jvSs - ∏-Sp-Øpw. amwk-Øns‚ KpW-߃ \jvSs - ∏-Sp-ØmØ coXn-
Ifpw ImWpw. ]t£, Ah Pohn-Iƒ°v Gsd {]bm-k-ap-≠m-°pw. Cu
c≠p -h-i-ßfpw ]c-am-h[n ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I-bmWv Ckvemw sNbvX-Xv. Pohn-
Isf \n¿Zbw a¿Zn®v sIm√p-∂Xv Ckvemw \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
hnj-P-¥p-°-sfbpw ZpjvS-ar-K-ß-sfbpw sIm√m≥ Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-
®n-´p-≠v. a\p-jy-Po-h≥ Ah-bpsS Poh-s\-°mƒ hne-s∏´XmbXpsIm≠m-
WnXv. F∂m¬, Ah-sb-t∏mepw Gsd ]oUn-∏n-°msX thWw sIm√m≥.
khmcn sNøm\pw `mcw hen-°m\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ arK-ßsf ]´n-Wn-
°n-S-cp-Xv. Xmßm-\m-hmØ tPmen-Iƒ sNøn-°tbm \n¿Zbw a¿Zn-°tbm
Acp-Xv. ]d-hI- sf A\m-hi - y-ambn Iq´n¬ _‘n-®n-Sc- p-Xv˛ Ckvemw \evIp∂
ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ 117

imk-\I - f
- m-Wn-h. Pohn-If- psS Imcy-an-cn-°s
- ´, kky-ßs
- f-°p-dn®pw Ckvem-
an\v kz¥w ImgvN-∏m-Sp-≠v. AIm-c-W-ambn ac-߃ apdn®p-X≈p-∂Xv
Ckvemw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-∂n-√. ]pjv]ß
- fpw ^e-ßfpw \ap°v ]dn-s®-Sp-°mw.
F∂m¬ A\m-h-iy-ambn \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ \ap-°-h-Im-i-an-√. kky-߃°v
Poh-\p-≈XpsIm≠m-WnXv F∂v ]d-t™°mw. F∂m¬, Poh-\n-√m-Ø-h-
sbbpw A\m-h-iy-ambn \in-∏n-®p-Iq-Sm. sh≈w shdpsX Hgp-°n-°-f-bp-∂-
Xp-t]mepw Ckvemw hne-°p-∂p.
ico-AØv˛km¿h-P-\o-\w, imizXw
apl-Ω-Zv\-_n(-k) aptJ\ \evI-s∏´ ico-A-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-°p-
dn® Hcp kw£n]vX cq]-amWv CXv hsc hnh-cn-®-Xv. Cu ico-A-Øn¬
a\p-jy¿ XΩn¬ Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√˛ hnizm-kw, BZ¿iw, I¿aw F∂o
Imcy-ßfpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-√m-sX. IpSpw-_w, tZiw, h¿Ww F∂n-h-
bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jysc Xcw Xncn-°p∂ Hcp aXtam Z¿i-\tam
Hcn-°epw km¿h-P-\o-\-am-bn-cn-°n-√. Imc-W-ap-≠v: Hcp hwi-Øn¬s]´ a\p-
jy¿ as‰mcp hwi-°m-cmbn amdp-I-bn-√; temI-Ønse a\p-jyscm∂mbn
Hcn-SØv Xma-k-am-°pI kw`-mhy-a√; B{^n-°s‚ Idp-t∏m ssN\-°m-
cs‚ a™tbm bqtdm-]ys‚ shfpt∏m amdp-I-bp-an-√. AXn-\m¬, hwi-˛-tZ-
i-˛-h¿W-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cq]-s∏´ aX-߃ Hcp P\-X-bn¬ HXp-
ßn-\nev°p-Itb D≈q. F∂m¬, Ckvem-anI \nb-a-kw-lnX temI-Ønse
F√m P\-߃°p-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. Imc-Ww, ""emC-eml C√-√m-lp, apl-Ω-Zp¿d-
kq-ep-√mln'' F∂ ]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Øn¬ hniz-kn® B¿°pw apkvenw ]m¿´n-
bn¬ Xpeym-h-Im-i-tØmsS {]th-in-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hwiw, `mj, tZiw,
h¿Ww F∂o t`Z-ß-sfm∂pw AXn-en-√.
am{X-a-√, Cu ico-AØv Imem-¥yw-hsc D≈-Xm-Wv˛ Hcp imizX ico-
A-Øm-WX - v. AXns‚ \nb-ah - y-hÿ - I- ƒ Hcp {]tXyI kap-Zm-bØ - n-s‚tbm
\n›nX Ime-L-´-Øn-s‚tbm BNm-c-co-Xn-Iƒ B[m-c-am-°n-bp-≈-h-b√-.
adn-®v, a\p-jy≥ GXv {]Ir-Xn-tbm-sS-bmtWm krjvSn-°-s∏-´Xv B {]Ir-
Xn-°\ - p-kr-Xa - mbn Bhn-jvIc- n-®X
- m-WX- v. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn°v am‰-an-√. F°m-
eØpw GXv ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bnepw AXv Htc \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn-°p-∂p. AXn-
\m¬, B {]IrXn°\p-kr-X-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏´ \nb-a-߃°pw am‰w
km[y-a-√.