Zagazig University – Faculty of Engineering

Electrical Power & Machines Eng. Program

‫جامعة السقازيق – كلية الهندسة – برنامج هندسة القىي واآلالت الكهربية‬

Sheet (1) – Manual Solution

1) Given vectors 𝑨 = 𝒂X + 3𝒂𝑍 and 𝑩 = 5𝒂X + 2𝒂y − 6𝒂z, determine

(a) |𝑨 + 𝑩| (b) 5𝑨 − 𝑩
(c) The component of 𝐴 along 𝑎𝑦 (d) A unit vector parallel to 3𝑨 + 𝑩

Solution

(a) 𝐴 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑎 |𝐴 | √ −

(b) 𝐴 − − 𝑎 𝑎 (c)
| |

(d) 𝐴 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑢 | |
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
√

2) Given points 𝑃(1, 23, 5), 𝑄(2, 4, 6), and 𝑅(0, 3, 8), find
(a) the position vectors of P and R, (b) the distance vector 𝑟𝑄𝑅,
(c) the distance between Q and R.

Solution

(a) 𝑃 𝑃 − 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑅 𝑅 𝑎 𝑎

(b) 𝑄 𝑄 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑟 𝑅−𝑄 − 𝑎 −𝑎 𝑎

(c) |𝑟 | |𝑟 | |𝑅 − 𝑄| |𝑄 − 𝑅| √ − −

3) If 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑥 + 3𝑎𝑧 and = 5𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑦 − 6𝑎𝑧, find 𝜃𝐴 using Both Dot and crossproduct.

Solution
𝐴 − −
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝐴 | | 𝑎 − −𝑎 − − 𝑎 − − 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
−
𝐴 −
𝜃
|𝐴|| | √ √ −
𝜃 −𝜃

|𝐴 𝐵| √ −
𝜃𝐴𝐵 in in
|𝐴||𝐵| √ √ −

Eng. Mohamed Tayseer 1

 Zagazig University – Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Power & Machines Eng. Program
‫جامعة السقازيق – كلية الهندسة – برنامج هندسة القىي واآلالت الكهربية‬

4) Three field quantities are given by

𝑷 = 2𝒂X − 𝒂z, 𝑸 = 2𝒂X − 𝒂𝑦 + 2𝒂𝑧, 𝑹 = 2𝒂X − 3𝒂𝑦 + 𝒂𝑧
Determine
(a) (𝑃 + 𝑄) × (𝑃 − 𝑄); (b) 𝑄 𝑅 × 𝑃;
(c) 𝑃 𝑄 × 𝑅; (d) 𝑃 × (𝑄 × 𝑅);
(e) A unit vector perpendicular to both Q and R; (f) The component of P along Q
Solution

(a) 𝑃 𝑄 𝑎 −𝑎 𝑎 𝑃−𝑄 𝑎 − 𝑎
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑃 𝑄 𝑃−𝑄 | − | 𝑎 − −𝑎 − − 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
−
−
(b) 𝑄 𝑅 𝑃 | − | − − − −
−
−
(c) 𝑃 𝑄 𝑅 | − | − − − −
−
Scalar Triple Product 𝑄 𝑅 𝑃 𝑃 𝑄 𝑅 𝑅 𝑃 𝑄
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
(d) 𝑄 𝑅 | − | 𝑎 − −𝑎 − 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑎
−
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑃 𝑄 𝑅 | − | 𝑎 −𝑎 − 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
−
𝑄 𝑅 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑎𝑧
(e) 𝑎 |𝑄 𝑅|
𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑎𝑧
√

(f) Scalar Projection of P on Q | | √

𝑄
Vector Projection of P on Q 𝑎 |𝑄|
𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑎
√

5) The three vertices of a triangle are located at 𝐴(6, −1, 2), − 3, −4), and
Eng. Mohamed Tayseer 2
 Zagazig University – Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Power & Machines Eng. Program
‫جامعة السقازيق – كلية الهندسة – برنامج هندسة القىي واآلالت الكهربية‬

𝐶 − 1, 5). Find:
(a) 𝑹𝐴 × 𝑹𝐴𝐶; (b) the area of the triangle;
(c) a unit vector perpendicular to the plane in which the triangle is located.
Solution

(a) 𝑅 −𝐴 − 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑅 𝐶−𝐴 − 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑅 𝑅 |− − | 𝑎 −𝑎 − − 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
−

(b) 𝐴𝑟 𝑎 |𝑅 ||𝑅 | in 𝜃 |𝑅 𝑅 | √ 𝑢 𝑡 𝑎𝑟 𝑎

𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑧
(c) 𝑎 |𝑅𝐴
𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑧
𝑅𝐴𝐶 |
√

6) E and F are vector fields given by

E = 2𝑥𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧𝑎𝑧 and 𝐹 = 𝑥𝑦𝑎𝑥 − 𝑦2𝑎𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑎𝑧. Determine:
(a) E at (1, 2, 3)
(b) The component of E along F at (1, 2, 3)
(c) A unit vector perpendicular to both E and F at (0,1, −3)
Solution

(a) 𝐸| 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

(b) 𝐹| 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑎
Scalar Projection of E on F | | √

𝐹
Vector Projection of E on F 𝑎 |𝐹|
𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑎
√
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
(c) 𝐸| 𝑎 − 𝑎 𝐹| −𝑎 𝐸 𝐹 | − | − 𝑎
−
𝐸 𝐹 − 𝑎𝑥
𝑎 −𝑎𝑥
|𝐸 𝐹|
√ −

7) Transform to cylindrical coordinates:

Eng. Mohamed Tayseer 3

 Zagazig University – Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Power & Machines Eng. Program
‫جامعة السقازيق – كلية الهندسة – برنامج هندسة القىي واآلالت الكهربية‬

(a) 𝐹 = 10𝑎𝑥 − 8𝑎𝑦 + 6𝑎𝑧 at point 𝑃(10, −8, 6);

(b) 𝐺 = (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑎𝑥 − (𝑦 − 4𝑥)𝑎𝑦 at point 𝑄(𝜌, 𝜙, 𝑧).
(c) Give the rectangular components of the vector 𝐻 = 20𝑎𝜌 − 10𝑎𝜙 + 3𝑎𝑧 at
𝑃(𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = −1).
Solution

(a) Convert point P to cylindrical

𝑦 −
𝜌 √𝑥 𝑦 √ n n − 𝑧
𝑥

𝐹 in 𝐹 𝐹 −
[𝐹 ] [− in ] [𝐹 ] [𝐹 ] [ ] [− ]
𝐹 𝐹 𝐹

𝐹 𝐹𝜌 𝑎𝜌 𝐹 𝑎 𝐹𝑧 𝑎𝑧 𝑎𝜌 − 𝑎 𝑎𝑧

𝐺 in 𝐺 𝐺 in 𝜌 𝜌 in
(b) [𝐺 ] [− in ] [𝐺 ] [𝐺 ] [− in ][ 𝜌 − 𝜌 in ]
𝐺 𝐺 𝐺

𝐺 * 𝜌 𝜌 in − 𝜌 in + 𝑎𝜌 𝜌 − 𝜌 in − 𝜌 in 𝑎

(c) Convert point P to cylindrical

𝑦
𝜌 √𝑥 𝑦 √ n n 𝑧 −
𝑥

𝐻 − in 𝐻 𝐻 −
𝐻
[ ] [ in ] [𝐻 ] 𝐻
[ ] [ ] [− ]
𝐻 𝐻 𝐻

𝐻 𝐻𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 𝐻𝑦 𝑎 𝑦 𝐻𝑧 𝑎 𝑧 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑧

8) Given the two points, 𝐶 − 2, 1) and 𝐷(𝑟 = 5, 𝜃 = 20°, 𝜙 = − 70°), find:

(a) the spherical coordinates of C; (b) the rectangular coordinates of D;
Eng. Mohamed Tayseer 4
 Zagazig University – Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Power & Machines Eng. Program
‫جامعة السقازيق – كلية الهندسة – برنامج هندسة القىي واآلالت الكهربية‬

(c) the distance from C to D.

Solution

(a) Convert point C to spherical

𝑦 𝑧
𝑟 √𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 √ √ n − 𝜃
𝑥 𝑟 √

𝐶 (√ − )

(b) Convert point D to rectangular

𝑥 𝑟 in 𝜃 𝑦 𝑟 in 𝜃 in − 𝑧 𝑟 𝜃

𝐷 −

(c) 𝐶𝐷 𝐷−𝐶 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑧 |𝐶𝐷| √ −

8) Given point 𝑃 − and vector 𝐴 = 𝑦𝑎𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑧)𝑎𝑦 , express P and A in

cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Evaluate A at P in the Cartesian,
cylindrical,and spherical systems.
Solution

Convert point P to cylindrical

𝑦
𝜌 √𝑥 𝑦 √ √ n n − 𝑧
𝑥 −

𝑃 in 𝑃 𝑃 − −
[𝑃 ] [− in 𝑃
][ ] [𝑃 ] [ ][ ]
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃

𝑃 − 𝑎𝜌 − 𝑎 𝑎𝑧

𝐴 in 𝐴 𝐴 in 𝜌 in
[𝐴 ] [− in ] [𝐴 ] [𝐴 ] [− in ] [𝜌 𝑧]
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴

𝐴 𝜌 in 𝑧 in 𝑎𝜌 𝜌 𝑧 − 𝜌 in 𝑎

Eng. Mohamed Tayseer 5

 Zagazig University – Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Power & Machines Eng. Program
‫جامعة السقازيق – كلية الهندسة – برنامج هندسة القىي واآلالت الكهربية‬

Convert point P to spherical

𝑦 𝑧
𝑟 √𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 √ n − 𝜃
𝑥 𝑟

𝑃 in 𝜃 in 𝜃 in 𝜃 𝑃 𝑃 − −
[𝑃 ] [ 𝜃 𝜃 in − in 𝜃] [𝑃 ] [𝑃 ] [ − − ][ ]
𝑃 − in 𝑃 𝑃

𝑃 − 𝑎𝑟 − 𝑎𝜃 − 𝑎

𝐴 in 𝜃 in 𝜃 in 𝜃 𝐴
[𝐴 ] [ 𝜃 𝜃 in − in 𝜃] [𝐴 ]
𝐴 − in 𝐴

𝐴 in 𝜃 in 𝜃 in 𝜃 𝑟 in 𝜃 in
[𝐴 ] [ 𝜃 𝜃 in ] [
− in 𝜃 𝑟 in 𝜃 𝑟 𝜃]
𝐴 − in

𝐴 * 𝑟 in 𝜃 in 𝑟 in 𝜃 𝜃 in + 𝑎𝑟 * 𝑟 in 𝜃 𝜃 in 𝑟 𝜃 in + 𝑎𝜃
*−𝑟 in in 𝜃 𝑟 in 𝜃 𝑟 𝜃+ 𝑎

𝐴| 𝑎𝑡 𝑃 − 𝑎 𝑎

𝐴| 𝑎𝑡 𝑃(√ − ) − 𝑎 − 𝑎

𝐴| 𝑎𝑡 𝑃 − − 𝑎 − 𝑎 − 𝑎

10) Given vectors 𝐴 = 2𝑎𝑥 + 4𝑎𝑦 + 10𝑎𝑧 and = −5𝑎𝜌 + 𝑎𝜙 − 3𝑎𝑧, find
(a) 𝐴 + at 𝑃(0, 2, −5);
Eng. Mohamed Tayseer 6
 Zagazig University – Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Power & Machines Eng. Program
‫جامعة السقازيق – كلية الهندسة – برنامج هندسة القىي واآلالت الكهربية‬

(b) The angle between A and B at P;

(c) The scalar component of A along B at P.
Solution

(a) Convert point P to cylindrical

𝑦
𝜌 √𝑥 𝑦 √ n n 𝑧 −
𝑥

− in − −
[ ] [ in ][ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
−

−𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑎𝑧 𝐴 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑧

(b) 𝜃 | || |
𝜃 −𝜃
√ √

(c) Scalar Projection of A on B | |

−
√

11)If 𝐴 = 3𝑎𝑟 + 2𝑎𝜃 − 6𝑎𝜙 and = 4𝑎𝑟 + 3𝑎𝜙, determine

(a) 𝐴 ; (b) |𝑨 × 𝑩|;
(c) The vector component of A along 𝑎𝑧 at (11, 𝜋/3, 5𝜋/4).
Solution

(a) 𝐴 − −

𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝜃 𝑎
(b) 𝐴 | − | 𝑎𝑟 − − 𝑎𝜃 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑟 − 𝑎𝜃 − 𝑎

|𝐴 | √ −

𝐴 in 𝜃 𝜃 − in 𝐴
𝐴
(c) [ ] [ in 𝜃 in 𝜃 in 𝐴
][ ] 𝜃
𝐴 𝜃 − in 𝜃 𝐴

𝐴𝑥 − −
𝐴
[ 𝑦] [− − − ][ ]
𝐴𝑧 −

𝐴 − 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑦 𝑎𝑧
Eng. Mohamed Tayseer 7
 Zagazig University – Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Power & Machines Eng. Program
‫جامعة السقازيق – كلية الهندسة – برنامج هندسة القىي واآلالت الكهربية‬

𝑎𝑧
Vector Projection of A on 𝑎 |𝑎𝑧 |
𝑎𝑧 𝑎𝑧

12) An electric field is given as 𝐸 = (50/𝜌) 𝑎𝜌 − 4𝑎𝑧; determine:

(a) the 𝑎𝐸 in Cartesian components at 𝑃(10,120°, 2);
(b) the equation of surface on which |𝐸| = 10.
Solution

(a) 𝑎𝑡 𝑃 𝐸 ( ) 𝑎𝜌 − 𝑎𝑧 𝑎𝜌 − 𝑎𝑧

𝐸 − in 𝐸 𝐸 − −
𝐸
[ ] [ in ] [𝐸 ] 𝐸
[ ] [ − ][ ]
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 −

𝐸
𝐸 − 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑎𝑧 𝑎𝐸 − 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑎𝑧
|𝐸|

(b) |𝐸| √( )
𝜌
(𝜌) (𝜌)

√ 𝜌 𝑥 𝑦 𝐶𝑟 𝑆𝑢𝑟 𝑎 𝐸 𝑢𝑎𝑡
𝜌

13) Given point 𝑃(𝑟 = 0.8, 𝜃 = 30°, 𝜙 = 45°) and 𝐸 = 1/𝑟2 [ 𝑠 𝜙 𝑎𝑟 + (𝑠 𝜙/

𝑠 𝜃)𝑎𝜙], find
(a) E at P; (b) |E| at P;
(c) a unit vector in the direction of E at P.
Solution

(a) 𝐸| 𝑎 𝑎 (b) |𝐸| √

𝐸
(c) 𝑎 |𝐸|
𝑎 𝑎

Eng. Mohamed Tayseer 8