Newton’s Laws of Universal Gravitation

LoUG

Mr. Lemons | physics 1

Do now:
(you have 5 minutes)

Find the acceleration for a 20 kg box sliding to the right by 100 N force if the
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.15.
1. Find the weight
2. Find the kinetic friction
3. Find the net force
4. Use 2nd law to find the acceleration

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Lemons| physics
Newton’s Law of
Universal Gravitation
The force of gravity between any two
masses is directly proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the d
distance between the centers of the
two objects.
d

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Mr. Lemons | physics
Newton’s Law of
Universal Gravitation
The force of gravity between any two
masses is directly proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the d
distance between the centers of the
two objects.
d
Notice: Fg = F1 = F2 since they are an
𝑚 1 𝑚2
𝐹𝑔 = 𝐺
action/reaction force pair. 𝑑2

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Mr. Lemons | physics
 Add the formula to the last page of
your notebook

𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐹𝑔 = 𝐺
𝑑2
Fg is the force of gravity measured in
Newtons
d
m is mass measured in kg
d is the distance between the between
the masses (centers) measured in
d
meters 𝑚 1 𝑚2
𝐹𝑔 = 𝐺
G is the gravitational constant
𝑑2
6.67 x 10-11 m3/(kg s2)

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Mr. Lemons | physics
6.67 x 10-11 m3/(kg s2)

• First measured by Henry Cavindish in

1797, more than 100 years after
Newton first wrote the Law of
Universal Gravitation.

• Very tiny number –

0.0000000000667 m3/(kg.s2)
• Always write in SNot...

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Mr. Lemons | physics
 Both Weight and Universal Gravitation Yield
the Same Answer
Fg as weight
• This is used when you have one object
and know the value of g for the planet
and the object is near the surface.
Fg as Universal Gravitation
• This is used for any two objects in the
universe. Commonly used for large
objects like planet to sun or planet to
planet.
• Does not work with super massive
objects.

However, verify that the force calculated in both scenarios is the same! Ex: apple and earth, where apple = 0.1 kg and
Earth = 6x1024 kg and d = radius of Earth in meters (6371 km) and g = 9.8 m/s2.
Lemons | physics 9
 Given: Unknown:

Example Problem
What is the force of gravity between a
100 pound person (45 kg) and a 0.010 Equation:
kg pencil that is 1 inch (0.0254 m)
apart?
Solve:

Solution:
Step 1 – Highlight the given
and unknowns in problem
statement

Lemons| physics 10
 Given: Unknown:
m1 = 45 kg
Example Problem m2 = 0.010 kg
d = 0.0254 m
What is the force of gravity between a
100 pound person (45 kg) and a 0.010 Equation:
kg pencil that is 1 inch (0.0254 m)
apart?
Solve:

Solution:
Step 2 – Fill in the Given box
with info from problem
statement.

Lemons| physics 11
 Given: Unknown:
m1 = 45 kg
Example Problem m2 = 0.010 kg Force of Gravity
d = 0.0254 m
What is the force of gravity between a
100 pound person (45 kg) and a 0.010 Equation:
kg pencil that is 1 inch (0.0254 m)
apart?
Solve:

Solution:

Step 3 – Fill in the Unknown

with what is being solved for.

Lemons| physics 12
 Given: Unknown:
m1 = 45 kg
Example Problem m2 = 0.010 kg Force of Gravity
d = 0.0254 m
What is the force of gravity between a
100 pound person (45 kg) and a 0.010 Equation:
𝑚1 𝑚2
kg pencil that is 1 inch (0.0254 m) 𝐹𝑔 = 𝐺
apart? 𝑑2

Solve:

Solution:
Step 4 – Write the formula
needed to solve the problem
in the Equation box

Lemons| physics 13
 Given: Unknown:
m1 = 45 kg
Example Problem m2 = 0.010 kg Force of Gravity
d = 0.0254 m
What is the force of gravity between a
100 pound person (45 kg) and a 0.010 Equation:
𝑚1 𝑚2
kg pencil that is 1 inch (0.0254 m) 𝐹𝑔 = 𝐺
apart? 𝑑2

Solve:
(45 𝑘𝑔) (0.010 𝑘𝑔)
𝐹𝑔 = (6.67𝑥10−11 𝑚3 /(𝑘𝑔. 𝑠 2 ))
(0.0254𝑚)2

Solution:
Step 5 – Write the formula
with the GIVEN numbers and
units in the correct spot.

Lemons| physics 14
 Given: Unknown:
m1 = 45 kg
Example Problem m2 = 0.010 kg Force of Gravity
d = 0.0254 m
What is the force of gravity between a
100 pound person (45 kg) and a 0.010 Equation:
𝑚1 𝑚2
kg pencil that is 1 inch (0.0254 m) 𝐹𝑔 = 𝐺
apart? 𝑑2

Solve:
(45 𝑘𝑔) (0.010 𝑘𝑔)
𝐹𝑔 = (6.67𝑥10−11 𝑚3 /(𝑘𝑔. 𝑠 2 ))
(0.0254𝑚) 2
(6.67x10^-11) x 45 x 0.01/(0.0254^2)
Solution:
𝐹𝑔 = 4.65 𝑥 10−8 𝑁
Step 6 – Calculate the answer
and write it in the Solution
with correct unit of measure

Lemons| physics 15