Chapter 16

Probability
Previous Year Questions And Answers
1. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.35, (i) Let 𝐴 - event 'red disc'
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.25,
𝑛(𝐴)
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.6, then find 𝑃(𝐴) =
𝑛(𝑆)
𝑃(𝐵) and 𝑃( not −𝐵).
4
𝑃(𝐴) = 0.35 =
9
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.25
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.6 (ii) Let B-event 'yellow disc'
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 𝑛(𝐵)
⇒ 0.6 = 0.35 + 𝑃(𝐵) − 0.25 𝑃(𝐵) =
𝑛(5)
⇒ 0.6 = 0.1 + 𝑃(𝐵) 2
⇒ 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.6 − 0.1 =
9
= 0.5
(iii) Let c- 'event' blue disc'
𝑃( not 𝐵) = 𝑃 (𝐵 ′ )
𝑛(𝐶)
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐵) 𝑃(𝐶) =
𝑛(𝑆)
= 1 − 0.5
3
= 0.5 =
9
2. A bag contains 9 discs of which (IV) Let 𝐷 - event ' not blue
4 are red, 3 are blue and 2 are disc'
yellow. The discs are similar in
𝑛(𝐷)
shape and size. A disc is drawn 𝑃(𝐷) =
𝑛(𝑆)
at random from the bag.
6
Calculate the probability that it =
9
will be
(i) red (1) 1 1
3. If 𝑃(𝐴) = , 𝑃(𝐵) = and
(ii) yellow (1) 4 2
1
(iii) blue (1) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = , find
8
(iv) not blue i) P(not A)
(1)[2023 March] ii) P(A or B)
𝑛(𝑠) = 9 iii) P( not A and not B)

+919645998855
 [3][2023 Model] (ii) P (not A and not B)
𝑃(𝐴′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) (2)[2022 march]
1 3
=1− = (𝐴) = 0.54
4 4
ii) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) (𝐵) = 0.69
(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.35
= 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (i) (𝐴 or 𝐵) = (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
1 1 1 5 = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)
= + − = − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
4 2 8 8
= 0.54 + 0.69 − 0.35
iii) 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 0.88.
(ii) (not 𝐴 and not 𝐵)
= 𝑃((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ )
= (𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′)
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′
5 3 = 1 − (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
=1− =
8 8 = 1 − 0.88 = 0.12
6. (i) A coin is tossed twice. What
4. A fair coin is tossed 3 times. is the probability that at least
Write the sample space. one tail occurs? (2)
Find the probability of getting (ii) If 𝐸 and 𝐹 are two events
i) 3 heads such that
ii) exactly two heads 1 1
𝑃(𝐸) = , 𝑃(𝐹) = and
iii) one head and two tails. 4 2
1
𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = .
S= 8
{HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT Find (a) 𝑃(𝐸 or 𝐹)(2)
, TTH, TTT } (b) 𝑃( not E and not F )
1 (2)[2021 March]
i) P( getting 3 heads ) =
8 (i) Sample space,
ii) P( getting exactly two S = {HH, HT, 𝑇𝐻, 𝑇 T} The
3
heads ) = Event,
8
E = {HT, TH, TT}
iii) P (getting one head and two
3 3
tails ) = 𝑃(𝐸) =
8 4
(ii)a) 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹 ) = 𝑃(𝐸 ) + 𝑃(𝐹 )
5. If A and B are two events such
−𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹)
that P(A) = 0.54, P(B) = 0.69
and P(A ∩ B) = 0.35, then find 1 1 1 5
(i) P(A or B) (2) = + − =
4 2 8 8

+919645998855
b) 𝑃(𝐸 ′ ∩ 𝐹 ′ ) = 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹)′ = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
5 3 = 1 − 5/8 = 3/8
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) = 1 − =
8 8
7. (i) Write the sample space of 8. (i) If 𝐸 and 𝐹 are two events
tossing a coin three times. [1] such that
(ii) A committee of 2 persons is 1 1
selected from 2 men and 3 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = , 𝑃 (𝐹 ) = ,
4 2
women. What is the probability 1
𝑃(𝐸 and 𝐹) = , find
8
that the committee will have No
(a) 𝑃(𝐸 or 𝐹) [1]
men? [1]
(b) 𝑃( not 𝐸 and not 𝐹 [1]
(iii) 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events
(ii) A committee of two persons
such that
1 1 is selected from two men and
𝑃(𝐴) = , 𝑃(𝐵) = and 𝑃(𝐴
4 2 two women. What is
1
and 𝐵) = . Find the probability that the
8
(a) 𝑃(𝐴 or 𝐵) committee will have
(b) 𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡𝐴 and 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝐵 ) (a) one man? [1]
[2][IMPROVEMENT 2020] (b) two men?
i) 𝑆 = { HHH, HHT, [1][MARCH 2020]
HTH, THH, TTH, a)
THT, HTT, TTT } 𝑃( Eor 𝐹)
𝑛(𝐴)
ii) 𝑃(𝐴) = = 𝑃(𝐸) + 𝑃(𝐹) − 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹)
𝑛(𝑆)
1 1 1 2 4 1 5
𝑛(𝐴) = 3𝐶2 = 3, 𝑛(𝑠) = 5𝑐2 = 10 = + − = + − =
4 2 8 8 8 8 8
3𝑐2 3 b) 𝑃(𝐸 ′ ∩ 𝐹 ′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐸 ∪
𝑃(𝐵) = =
5𝑐2 10 5
𝐹) = 1 −
8
iii) (a) 𝑃(𝐴 Or 𝐵) 8−5 3
= 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ) = =
8 8
= 𝑃 (𝐴 ) + 𝑃 (𝐵 ) ii) Total no. of person = 4
−𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) a) 𝑃(1 man )
2
𝐶1 × 2 𝐶1 2 × 2 2
1 1 1 5 = 4𝐶
= =
= + − = 2 6 3
4 2 8 8 2𝐶
2
b) 𝑃(2 men ) = 4𝐶
b) 𝑃(mot 𝐴 and not 𝐵) 2

= 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ )

+919645998855
 1 (c) 𝑃(𝑅) =
26
= 52
6 4
𝑃(𝑘) =
9. a) A die is rolled. Let 𝐴 be the 52
event that "die shows 4 " and 𝐵 𝑃(𝑅 or 𝑘)
be the event that "die shows = 𝑃(𝑅) + 𝑃(𝑘) − 𝑃(𝑅 ∩ 𝐾)
an even number ". Check 26 4 2
whether = + −
52 52 52
i) 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mutually 28 7
= =
exclusive events. [1] 52 13
ii) 𝐴 and 𝐵 are exhaustive.
[1]
b) Find probability of getting 53 10. Seven cards are drawn
‘FRIDAYS’ in a leap year. [2] from a pack of well shuffled 52
c) A card is drawn from a well playing cards.
shuffled pack of 52 playing a) How many ways this can be
cards. What is the probability of done? [1]
getting a red card or a king? b) What is the probability that
[2][IMPROVEMENT 2019] the selection contain all kings?
1
(a) 𝐴 = {4} ( ) [2]
2 c) What is the probability that
𝐵 = {2,4,6}
selection does not contain a
𝑆 = {1,2,3,4,5,6} king card?
(i) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝐴} ≠ 𝜙, 𝐴 and [1][MARCH 2019]
𝐵 are mutually exclusive (a) Total no of ways
(ii) 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {2,4,6} ≠ S, 𝐴 = 52C7
and 𝐵 are not exhaustive (b) No of all kings
(b) 𝑆 = {( sun, mon ), (mon, = 4𝐶4 × 48𝐶3
Tue), (Tue, wed) (wed, Thu), Probability of all kings
(Thu, Fri), (fri,sat), (Sat, 4C4 × 48c3
=
Sun) } 52C7
A = {([Fri, Sat), (C) No of ways no king
( Thur, Fri) } = 48C7 ⋅ 𝑃(𝑁0 kings )
𝑛(𝐴) 2 48𝑐7
𝑃(𝐴) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 7 52𝑐7

+919645998855
11. a) Consider the =
39 𝐶 × 13 𝐶 + 39 𝐶 × 13 𝐶 + 39 𝐶 × 13 𝐶
experiment in which a coin is 1 2 2 1 3 0
52 𝐶
3
tossed repeatedly until a head 39×78+741×13+9139×1
=
comes up. Write the sample 22100
3042+9633+9139
space. [1] =
22100
b) If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events of 21814 839
= =
a sample space with 22100 850
𝑃(𝐴) = 0.54, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.69 and iii) 𝑃 (one is king and 2 are
4𝐶 × 4𝐶
1 2
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.35, 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) jacks) = 52
𝐶3
[2] 4×6 24 6
= = =
c) 3 cards are drawn from a 22100 22100 5525
well shuffled pack of 52 cards.
Find the probability that 12. One card is drawn at
i) all the 3 cards are diamond. random from a pack of 52
[1] playing cards. Find the
ii) at least one of the cards is probability that,
non-diamond. [1] a) the card drawn is black.[1]
iii) one card is king and two are b) the card drawn is a face card.
jacks. [1]
c) the card drawn is a black face
[1][IMPROVEMENT 2018]
card.
(a)Sample space
= {𝐻, 𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝐻, … } a) 𝑃(the card drawn is black )
b) 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 26 1
= =
𝐵) = 1 − [𝑃(𝐴) 52 2
+𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)] b) 𝑃( the card is a face card )
= 1 − [0.54 + 0.69 − 0.35] 12 3
= 1 − 0.88 = 0.12 = =
52 13
c) i) 𝑃 ( all cards are c) 𝑃( the card is a black face
13 𝑐 286
3 6 3
diamond) = 52 𝑐 = card. ) = =
3 22100 52 26
11
=
850
ii) P (at least one of the cards 2
13. a) If 𝑃(𝐴) = ,
11
is non-diamond)
then 𝑃(𝐴′ ) = ⋯ … … .. [1]
b) Four cards are drawn from a

+919645998855
 well- shuffled deck of 52 cards. ii) getting sum of the numbers
What is the probability of on the dice 8
obtaining 3 diamonds and one 3
shade? (a)(i)
4
1
[4][IMPROVEMENT 2017] (ii) (for any answer give 1
2
a) 𝑃(𝐴′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) score)
(iii) 1
2 9 (b) 𝑛(𝑠) = 36
1
=1− = (i) 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑏, 𝑃(𝐴) =
11 11 6
𝑛(𝐵) = 5
b) 𝑛(3) = 52𝐶4
5
3 diamonds = 13𝐶3 𝑃(𝐵) =
36
1 spade = 13𝐶1
15. Given that 𝑃(𝐴)
13𝐶3 × 13𝐶1
= 0.5, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.6,
52𝐶4
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.3. Find 𝑃(𝐴′ ),
14. a) Match the following: 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵), 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) and
[3] 𝑃(𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵′ )
[4][MARCH 2016]
𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 1 − 0.8 = 0.2
𝑃(𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 1 − 0.3 = 0.7
16. a) If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mutually
exclusive and exhaustive events
then 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) = ⋯ … …
i) 0 ii) 1
1
iii) iv) 2 [1]
2
b) Two dice are thrown at b) Two student 𝐴 and 𝐵
random. Find the probability of appeared in an examination.
……… The probability that 𝐴 will
i) getting a doublet qualify the examination is 0.25
and 𝐵 will

+919645998855
 qualify is 0.45 and both will
qualify the examination is 0.2.
Find the probability that:
i) Both 𝐴 and 𝐵 will not qualify
the examination.
ii) One of them will qualify the
examination.
[4][IMPROVEMENT 2015]
(i) b) 1
ii) 𝑃(𝐴)
= 0.25, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.45, 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.1
𝑃( Both will not pass ) = 𝑃((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ )
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 1 − 0.25 − 0.45 + 0.1 = 0.4
P( Only one of them will pass)
′ ′
= 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ) + 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )
= 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) [2][IMPROVEMENT 2014]
= 0.25 − 0.1 + 0.45 − 0.1 = 0.5
17. Two students, Anil and
Ashima appeared in an
examination. The probability
that Anil
will qualify the examination is
0.05 and that Ashima will
qualify the examination is
0.10.The probability that both
will qualify the examination is
0.02. Find the probability that
both will not qualify the
examination.
[3][MARCH 2015]
If 𝐸 and 𝐹 are that Anil and
Ahima qualify.
𝑃(𝐸 ) = 0.05; 𝑃(𝐹 )
= 0.10; 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 0.02
𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸) + 𝑃(𝐹) − 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹)
= 0.05 + 0.10 − 0.02 = 0.13
The probability that both of
them will not qualify
= 𝑃 (𝐸 ′ ∩ 𝐹 ′ )
= 1 − 𝑃 (𝐸 ∪ 𝐹 )
= 1 − 0.13 = 0.87
18. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events
such that
𝑃(𝐴) = 0.42, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.48 and
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.16 then, find:
i. 𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐴) [2]
ii. 𝑃( not 𝐵) [1]
iii. 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
i) 𝑃(not 𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴)
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) = 1 − 0.42
= 0.58
ii) 𝑃(not 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵′ )
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐵) = 1 − 0.48
= 0.52
iii) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)
+𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 0.42 + 0.48 − 0.16
= 0.74
19. A and B are two events in
a random experiment such that
1
𝑃 (𝐴 ) = ; 𝑃 (𝐵 )
3
+919645998855
 1 7 ii) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= ; 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) =
5 15 = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
i) Find 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 1 1 1 5
ii) Find 𝑃(𝐴′ ) = + − =
4 2 8 8
[3](𝐼𝑚𝑝 − 2014) iii) 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵)
i) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) 1 1 3
= − =
1 1 7 1 2 8 8
= + − =
3 5 15 15
ii) 𝑃(𝐴′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴)
22. a) A coin is tossed
1 2
=1− = repeatedly until a head comes
3 3
up. Write the sample space.
20. i) The probability of a [1]
sure event is….. (1) b) If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events in
i) 1 a random experiment, then
ii)𝐴 = {(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 )
(5,3), (6,2)} = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − ⋯ [1]
1
5 c) Let 𝑃(𝐴) = ,
𝑃(𝐴) = 35
36 1 1
𝑃(𝐵) = , 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) =
5 15
21. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events
Find 𝑃( not 𝐴 and 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐵 ).
such that
1
[1]
𝑃 (𝐴 ) = ; 𝑃 (𝐵 )
4 d) 𝐴 bag contains 9 discs of
1 1
= ; 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = which 4 are red, 3 are blue, and
2 8
then find; 2 are yellow. A disc is drawn at
i) 𝑃(𝐴′ ) (1) random from the bag. Calculate
ii) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) (2) the probability that it will be
i) Red [1]
iii) 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) (1)
ii) Not yellow
(March - 2014)
[1][MARCH 2014]
i) 𝑃(𝐴′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) i) S =
1 3 {H, TH, TTH, TTTH, … … … …
=1− =
4 4

+919645998855
 ii) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝑀 ∪ 𝑃) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑀 ∪ 𝑃)′
iii) 𝑃(not 𝐴 and not 𝐵) = 1 − 𝑃 (𝑀 ′ ∩ 𝑃 ′ )
= 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ ) = 1 − 0.1 = 0.9
= 1 − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 )
1 1 1 8 ii) 𝑃(𝑀 ∪ 𝑃)
=1−{ + − }=
3 5 15 15 = 𝑃(𝑀) + 𝑃(𝑃) − 𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃)
4
iv) a) 𝑃( red ) = 0.9 = 0.75 + 𝑃(𝑃) − 0.5
9

7
𝑃(𝑃) = 0.9 + 0.5 − 0.75 = 0.65
b) 𝑃( not yellow ) =
9

24. a) If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two

23. The probability that events in a random experiment,
Ramu will pass the examination then
in both mathematics and 𝑃 (𝐴 ) + 𝑃 (𝐵 ) − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )
physics is 0.5, the probability of =⋯ [1]
passing neither mathematics nor
b) Given 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.5, 𝑃(𝐵)
Physics is 0.1 the probability of
= 0.6 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.3 find
passing mathematics is 0.75.
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) and 𝑃(𝐴′ ). [2]
a) What is the probability of
c) Two dice are thrown
passing mathematics or simultaneously. Find the
physics? [1] probability of getting a doublet
b) What is probability of (same numberon both dice).
passing physics? [2][MARCH 2013]
[3][IMPROVEMENT 2013]
i) Let the events be defined as i) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
𝑀 - Pass in Mathematics and 𝑃 (ii) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
- Pass in Physics. = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 0.5 + 0.6 − 0.3 = 0.8
Given; 𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑃) = 0.5;
𝑃(𝐴′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) = 1 − 0.5
𝑃(𝑀′ ∩ 𝑃 ′ ) = 0.1; 𝑃(𝑀) = 0.5
iii) A: Doublet,
= 0.75
𝐴 = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3),
𝑃 (Passing Mathematics or (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
Physics) 𝑛(𝐴) 6 1
𝑃(𝐴) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 6

+919645998855
25. A bag contains 9 balls of 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.7 − 0.5
which 4 are red, 3 are blue and = 0.2
2 are yellow. The balls are
b) 𝑃(𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵′ )
similar in shape and size. A ball
= 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′
is drawn at random from the
= 1 − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )
bag. Calculate the probability
that the ball drawn will be = 1 − 0.2 = 0.8
i) Red. (1) ii) 𝑃 (at least one tail occurs )
ii) Not yellow. (1) = 1 − 𝑃( no tails occurs )
iii) Either red or yellow. (1)
1 3
=1− =
4 4 4
i) 𝑃( Red ) =
9
7 27. John and Mary appeared
ii) 𝑃( No yellow ) =
9 in an examination. The
iii) 𝑃( Either red or yellow ) probability that John will
4+2 6 2
= = = qualify the examination is 0.05
9 9 3 and that Mary will qualify the
examination is 0.10. The
26. i) 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events probability that both will
associated with a random qualify is 0.02. Find the
experiment such that probability that
𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4 and i) John or Mary qualifies the
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.5 examination. [2]
a) Find 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ii) Both John and Mary will not
b) Find 𝑃(𝐴′ ∪ 𝐵′ ) (2) qualify the examination. [2]
ii) 𝐴 coin is tossed twice. What
iii) Atleast one of them will not
is the probability that at least
qualify the examination. (2)
one tail occurs?
[March- 2013] Let J - event of John, M- event
of Mary.
i)a) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 𝑃 (𝐴 ) + 𝑃 ( 𝐵 ) 𝑃(𝐽) = 0.05; 𝑃(𝑀)
= 0.1; 𝑃(𝐽 ∩ 𝑀) = 0.02
−𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
0.5 = 0.3 + 0.4 i) P( John or Mary )
−𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

+919645998855
 = 𝑃(𝐽 ∪ 𝑀) i)
13
𝑃(𝐸 ′ ) = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐸) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐸 ′ )
= 𝑃(𝐽) + 𝑃(𝑀) − 𝑃(𝐽 ∩ 𝑀) 15
13 2
= 0.05 + 0.1 − 0.02 = 0.13 =1− =
15 15
′) 8 ′)
ii) 𝑃 (John and Mary not 𝑃(𝐹 = ⇒ 𝑃(𝐹) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐹
15
8 7
qualify) =1− =
15 15

= 𝑃(𝐽′ ∩ 𝑀′ ) = 𝑃(𝐽 ∪ 𝑀)′

= 1 − 𝑃(𝐽 ∪ 𝑀) i) 𝑃 (𝐸 ∪ 𝐹 ) = 𝑃 (𝐸 )
= 1 − 0.13 = 0.87 +𝑃(𝐹 ) − 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 )
2 7 1 8
iii) = + − =
15 15 15 15
ii)
𝑃( not 𝐸 and not 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸 ′ ∩ 𝐹 ′ )
= 𝑃((𝐸 ∪ 𝐹)′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹)
8 7
= 1− =
15 15
P( Atleast one of them will not
qualify)
29. a) A coin is drawn
= 𝑃(𝐽 ∩ 𝑀)′ repeatedly until a tail comes up.
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐽 ∩ 𝑀) = 1 − 0.02 = 0.98 What is the sample space for
this random experiment? [1]
28. If E and F are two events b) Three coins are tossed once.
such that Find the probability of getting:
13 8
𝑃 (𝐸 ′ ) = , 𝑃 (𝐹 ′ ) = and i) No head
15 15
1
𝑃(𝐸 and 𝐹) = find ii) Exactly one head
15
i) 𝑃(𝐸); 𝑃(𝐹) (2) iii) Atleast one head
ii) 𝑃(𝐸‾ or 𝐹) (2) iv) Atleast two heads
iii) 𝑃(not 𝐸 and not 𝐹) (2) [3][IMPROVEMENT 2012]
(Imp- 2012) a)𝑆{𝑇, 𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝑇, ….}
(b𝑆{𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻,
𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝑇}

+919645998855
 𝑛 (𝑆 ) = 8 = 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ )
1 = 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
i) 𝑃( no head ) =
8 32 24 30 24 14 7
ii) 𝑃( exactly one head ) = − + − = =
3 60 60 60 60 60 30
=
8
iii) 𝑃 (atleast one head ) 31. Two dice are thrown. Let
7 𝐴 be an event to get an even
=
8 number on first die and 𝐵 be an
iv) 𝑃( atleast two heads ) event to get sum of the numbers
4 1 obtained on two dice is 8 .
= =
8 2
i) Write the sample space.
[2]
30. In a class of 60 students, ii) Write the outcomes
30 opted for 𝑁𝐶𝐶, 32 opted for favorable to the event 𝐴,
NSS and 24 opted for both the event 𝐵. [2]
NCC and iii) Find (𝐴 or 𝐵). [2]
NSS. If one of this student is
i)𝑆 =
selected at random, find.
{(1,1), (1,2), … , (1,6), (2,1),
a) The probability that student
opted for NCC on NSS. [2] (2,2), … , (2,6)
(6,1), (6,2), … . (6,6)}
b) The probability that the
student opted for exactly one of ii) 𝐴 = {(2,1), (2,2), … ,
(2,6), (4,1), (4,2), … … , (4,6)
NCC or NSS.
(6,1), (6,2), … , (6,6)}
[2][MARCH 2012]
𝐵 = {(2,6),
i) Let the events be defined as
(6,2), (5,3), (3,5), (4,4)}
𝐴 − 𝑁𝐶𝐶 and B−𝑁𝑆𝑆
iii) 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛 ( 𝐴 ) + 𝑛 (𝐵 )
= 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) −𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
30 32 24 62 − 24 19 = 18 + 5 − 3 = 20
= + − = =
60 60 60 60 30 𝑃(𝐴 or 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
20 5
iii) 𝑃 (exactly one of NCC = =
36 9
or NSS)

32. A box contains 6 red, 5

blue and 4 green balls. 3 balls

+919645998855
are drawn from the box. Find 2
33. i) If is the probability
11
the probability that
of an event 𝐴, then what is the
i) All are blue. (2)
probability of the Event ‘not
ii) All balls are either red or
A’? [1]
blue. (2) 3
ii) If 𝑃(𝐴) = and
iii) Atleast one green ball. 5
1
(2) 𝑃(𝐵) = , then find 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
5
i) 𝑃( All are blue ) if 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mutually
5𝐶3 5.4.3 exclusive events. [1]
= =
15𝐶3 1.2.3
iii) A coin is tossed twice. What
1.2.3
× is the probability that atleast
15.14.13 one tail occurs?
2
= [2][MARCH 2011]
91 i) 𝑃(not 𝐴) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴)
ii) 𝑃 (All balls are either 2 9
red or blue) =1− =
11 11
1C3 ii) 𝑃 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)
( )
= 3 1 4
15𝐶3 = + =
5 5 5
11.10.9 1.2.3 iii) 𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇}
= × 𝑃( atleast one tail occurs )
1.2.3 15.14.13 3
=
33 4
=
91
iii) P (Atleast one green 34. If 𝑀 and 𝑁 are two events
ball) such that
= 𝑃(No green ball) 1 1
𝑃 (𝑀 ) = , 𝑃 (𝑁 ) = ,
4 2
= 1 − 𝑃( No green ball ) 1
𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑁) = . Find
1𝐶3 6
=1− a) 𝑃(𝑀 or 𝑁) [2]
15𝐶3
33 58 b) 𝑃( not 𝑀 and 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑁 )
=1− = [2][IMPROVEMENT 2010]
91 91
i) 𝑃(𝑀 or 𝑁)

+919645998855
 = 𝑃(𝑀 ∪ 𝑁) +𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵)
= 𝑃(𝑀) + 𝑃(𝑁) − 𝑃(𝑀 ∩ 𝑁) = 𝑃 (𝐴 ) − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )
1 1 1 3+6−2 7 +𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= + − = =
4 2 6 12 12 = 0.25 − 0.1 + 0.45
ii)P( not M and notN ) − 0.1
= 𝑃 (𝑀 ′ ∩ N ′ ) = 0.5
= 𝑃((𝑀 ∪ 𝑁))
7 5
= 1 − 𝑃(𝑀 ∪ 𝑁) = 1 − =
12 12
35. Two students, 𝐴 and 𝐵,
appeared in an examination.
The probability that A passes
the exam is 0.25 and that 𝐵
passes is 0.45. Also the
probability that both will pass is
0.1. Find the
probability that
i. Both will not pass. [2]
ii. Only one of them will pass.
[2][MARCH 2010]

i) 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.25, 𝑃(𝐵)

= 0.45, 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 0.1
𝑃( Both will not pass )

= 𝑃((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ )
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
= 1 − 0.25 − 0.45 + 0.1 = 0.4
ii) P( Only one of them
will pass)
= 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ′ )

+919645998855