TQ9

1. A small, flexible plastic tube coated internally with an explosive powder so that it is capable of transmitting a shock
wave along the length of the tube.

A. signal tube- A small, flexible plastic tube coated internally with an explosive powder so that it is capable of
transmitting a shock wave along the length of the tube.
B. blasting cap- A detonator that is initiated by a safety fuse
C. detacord- A brand of detonating cord commonly used for surface, quarrying, construction or underground blasting
applications.
D. primer- A unit. package, or cartridge of explosives used to initiate other explosives or blasting agents

ANSWER: A. signal tube

2. A type of exploder that has a dynamo, the armature of which is manually rotated through gearing from either a
plunge rock-bar or a twisting handle. It is usually used in series.

A. capacitor type- A blasting machine in which electrical energy, stored on a capacitor, is discharged into a blasting
circuit containing electric detonators
B. generator type-A hand-operated electromechanical device that provides an output current to energize electric
detonators
C. sequential type-A blasting machine designed to actuate separate series of detonators at accurately timed intervals.
Also called Sequential Timer.
D. squirrel type- N/A

ANSWER: B. generator type

3. A type of exploder that have manually rotated armature. It is in-parallel circuits. one or more capacitors which are
charged from either a battery or dynamo having a suitable for series firing and most may be used to a limited extent for
firing series-

A. capacitor type- A blasting machine in which electrical energy, stored on a capacitor, is discharged into a blasting
circuit containing electric detonators
B. generator type- A hand-operated electromechanical device that provides an output current to energize electric
detonators
C. sequential type- A blasting machine designed to actuate separate series of detonators at accurately timed intervals.
Also called Sequential Timer.
D. squirrel type- N/A

ANSWER: A. capacitor type

4. A type of exploder, which provides delay-firing intervals of predetermined duration. A manually or mechanically
rotated sequence switch directs electrical energy to fire each detonator/circuit in turn as the rotating arm passes over
the appropriate contact.

A. capacitor type- A blasting machine in which electrical energy, stored on a capacitor, is discharged into a blasting
circuit containing electric detonators
B. generator type-- A hand-operated electromechanical device that provides an output current to energize electric
detonators
C. sequential type-- A blasting machine designed to actuate separate series of detonators at accurately timed intervals.
Also called Sequential Timer.
D. squirrel type- N/A

ANSWER: C. sequential type

5. A connection in an electrical firing circuit, which consists of a number of series, connected in parallel.

A. series connection-An electric blasting circuit that provides one continuous path for the current through all caps in the
circuit
B. parallel connection-An electric blasting circuit in which the legwires of each detonator are connected across the firing
line directly or through buswires.
C. series-in-parallel connection- An electric blasting circuit in which the ends of two or more series of electric detonators
are connected across the firing line directly or through buswire
D. parallel-in-series connection- A connection in an electrical firing circuit in which the detonators are connected in
parallel in a number of groups connected in series

ANSWER: C. series-in-parallel connection

6. A connection in an electrical firing circuit in which the detonators are connected in parallel in a number of groups
connected in series.

A. series connection- An electric blasting circuit that provides one continuous path for the current through all caps in
the circuit
B. parallel connection- An electric blasting circuit in which the legwires of each detonator are connected across the
firing line directly or through buswires.
C. series-in-parallel connection-- An electric blasting circuit in which the ends of two or more series of electric
detonators are connected across the firing line directly or through buswire.
D. parallel-in-series connection- A connection in an electrical firing circuit in which the detonators are connected in
parallel in a number of groups connected in series.

ANSWER: D. parallel-in-series connection

7. Gelled, saturated, aqueous solutions usually containing suspended solids and consisting of water, oxidizing salts, fuel
components, and various sensitizers.

A. water gel explosive- A gelatinous aqueous solution that consists of an oxidizer, such as AN, and a fuel.
B. gelatin dynamite- A powerful water-resistant blasting explosive consisting of a jellylike mass of nitroglycerin and
lower-nitrated cellulose nitrate incorporated with a base
C. emulsion explosive- An explosive material containing substantial amounts of oxidizers dissolved in water droplets,
surrounded by an immiscible fuel
D. nitroglycerin- An oily liquid that may explode when subjected to heat, shock, or flame.

ANSWER: A. water gel explosive

8. This kind of explosive consists of saturated aqueous through a continuous oil phase. They may contain additional
solutions of oxidizing salts, which are finely dispersed suspended solids and various sensitizers.
A. water gel explosive- a gelatinous aqueous solution that consists of an oxidizer, such as AN, and a fuel.
B. gelatin dynamite- a powerful water-resistant blasting explosive consisting of a jellylike mass of nitroglycerin and
lower-nitrated cellulose nitrate incorporated with a base
C. emulsion explosive- An explosive material containing substantial amounts of oxidizers dissolved in water droplets,
surrounded by an immiscible fuel
D. nitroglycerin- An oily liquid that may explode when subjected to heat, shock, or flame

ANSWER: C. emulsion explosive

9. The separation of nitroglycerin or other nitro body form the explosive as an oily liquid which may be retained inside
or appear on the outside of the wrapper.

A. exudation-Process of a substance being released from a material, often in the form of a liquid or vapor.
B. oozing-The slow flow or seepage of a liquid, typically from a porous material.
C. diffusion-The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, resulting in
even distribution.
D. bleeding- The outward movement of material

ANSWER: A. exudation

10. The pressure wave transmitted through the air, caused by an explosion.

A. detonation pressure-The pressure produced in the reaction/zone of a detonating explosive

B. airblast-The airborne shock wave or acoustic transient generated by an explosion
C. sound wave- Type of energy propagation through a medium by means of adiabatic loading and unloading.
D. shock wave- A type of propagating disturbance that moves faster than the local speed of sound in the medium.

ANSWER: B. air blast

11. The intensity of sound which is the limit of human tolerance

A. 100 dB
B. 110 dB
C. 120 dB- Loud noise above 120 dB will damage ears instantly
D. 130 dB

ANSWER: C. 120 dB

12. The sound intensity limit at which structural damage may occur.

A. 133 dB
B. 153 dB
C. 163 dB
D. 173 dB

ANSWER: A. 133 dB
13. These are created to provide free face for subsequent production.

A. cut-off slots- These are created to provide free face for subsequent production

B. undercut throughs-Creating grooves or recesses in rock surfaces followed by controlled blasting, resulting in openings
or spaces for easier material extraction.

C. breasts- A working face in a mine, usually restricted to a stope.

D. burn cuts- burn cuts consist of a number of holes drilled in the center of the drift {parallel to each other and as close
together as possible) with one or more of the holes unloaded in order to provide open space to which the loaded holes
can break.

ANSWER: A. cut-off slots

14. This method of firing is used in ore production in open and/or sublevel stoping.

A. ring firing- A method of firing used in ore production in open and/or sublevel stoping where explosives are detonated
in a circular pattern to break the rock.
B. flatbacking-A mining technique involving the removal of ore or rock from a horizontal plane, typically used in surface
mining operations
C. benching- method of excavation in mining where successive horizontal levels, or benches, are excavated into a pit or
quarry to access ore or minerals
D. breasting-A mining method where ore is excavated horizontally from a mineralized vein or deposit, typically used in
underground mining operations

ANSWER: A. ring firing

15. A term in block caving in which oversize boulders are broken at the grizzly level into sized passable to the drawpoint.

A . crushing- Is the process of size reduction of ore. size reduction process performed with crushers before grinding in
mills is called "crushing".
B. boulder breakage- Process of breaking down large boulders or rocks into smaller, more manageable pieces.
C. benching- Removing material from large pits in horizontal steps or benches
D. smashing- Process of breaking down large rocks or ore bodies into smaller, more manageable pieces using
mechanical or explosive methods

ANSWER: B. boulder breakage

16. It is a method to destress a particular volume of rock mass using explosives for stability reasons.

A. cushion blasting- Typically done after production blasting, uses a row of lightly loaded "buffer" holes filled with
crushed stone (stemming), which reduces the impact on the surrounding rock as well as the finished slope face
B. perimeter blasting- A method of blasting in tunnels, drifts, and raises, designed to minimize overbreak and leave
clean-cut solid walls
C. destress blasting- Is essentially generation of suitable fracture planes with blasting. It one of the tools to improve
mines safety and it is one of the most valuable techniques to control the damaging effects of rock bursts.
D. smooth blasting- Is a type of controlled blasting that's done either before production blasting, as an alternative to
presplitting, or afterwards, either as an entirely different event or as the last delay of the production blast
ANSWER: C. destress blasting

17 . A type of controlled blasting to reduce the damage to the rock remaining after a blast

A. cushion blasting- Typically done after production blasting, uses a row of lightly loaded "buffer" holes filled with
crushed stone (stemming), which reduces the impact on the surrounding rock as well as the finished slope face

B. smooth blasting- Is a type of controlled blasting that's done either before production blasting, as an alternative to
presplitting, or afterwards, either as an entirely different event or as the last delay of the production blast
C. perimeter blasting- A method of blasting in tunnels, drifts, and raises, designed to minimize overbreak and leave
clean-cut solid walls
D. line blasting- This is the earliest controlled blasting method used for explosive activity.

ANSWER: C. perimeter blasting

18. An explosive ingredient whose function is to provide oxygen in the detonation process.

A. oxidizer- An ingredient in an explosive or blasting agent which supplies oxygen to combine with the fuel to form
gaseous or solid products of detonation. Ammonium nitrate is the most common oxidizer used in commercial
explosives
B. sensitizer-The ingredient used in explosives compounds to promote greater ease in initiation or propagation of the
reactions.
C. blasting agent-Any material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting, not otherwise defined as
an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed for shipment or use, cannot be detonated by means of a No.
8 test blasting cap when unconfined.
D. fuel-In explosive calculations, it is the chemical compound used for purposes of combining with oxygen to form
gaseous products and cause heat.

Answer: A. oxidizer

19 . The best fuel for explosives are those with the highest ________________.

A. aluminum content
B. carbon content
C. hydrogen content
D. nitrogen content

ANSWER: C. hydrogen content

20 . ANFO was first commercialized in 1955 as a mixture of _________ % porous prilled ammonium nitrate and
_________% fuel oil (distillate), respectively.

A. 97 and 3
B. 96 and 4
C. 95 and 5
D. line blasting

ANSWER: B. 96 and 4
21. Packaged ANFO is also available in the same form as bulk, except it is _____kg bags.

A. 20
B. 25
C. 30
D. 40

ANSWER: B. 25

22. It is a unit which when detonated increases the magnitude of detonation.

A. booster-A chemical compound used for intensifying an explosives reaction. A booster does not contain an initiating
device, but must be cap sensitive. Usually of high velocity and density
B. blasting cap-A detonator that is initiated by a safety fuse
C. primer- A unit, package, or cartridge of explosives used to initiate other explosives or blasting agents, and which
contains: (1) detonator; (2) detonating cord to which is attached a detonator designed to initiate the detonating cord.
D. detonator-Any device containing a detonating charge that is used to initiate an explosive. Includes, but is not limited
to, blasting caps, electric blasting caps, and nonelectric instantaneous or delay blasting caps.

ANSWER: A. booster

23. It is a round flexible cord containing a central core of high explosive and used to initiate an explosive charge.

A. ignitacord-- A cord-like thermite fuse that burns progressively along its length with an external flame at the zone of
burning and is used for lighting a series of safety fuses in sequence. Burns with a spitting flame similar to a Fourth of July
sparkler.
B. detonating cord-A flexible cord containing a center core of high explosives and used to initiate other explosives.
C. dynamite-A high explosives used for blasting, consisting essentially of a mixture of, but not limited to, nitroglycerin,
nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, and carbonaceous materials.
D. cartridge- The container holding the explosive

ANSWER: B. detonating cord

24. It is a high-velocity decomposition and exothermic reaction accompanied by the liberation of vast amounts of
energy and very hot gases at tremendously high pressure.

A. blasting agent-- Any material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting, not otherwise defined
as an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed for shipment or use, cannot be detonated by means of a
No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined
B. explosion-A thermochemical process whereby mixtures of gases, solids, or liquids react with the almost
instantaneous formation of high gaseous pressures and a heat release. There must always be a source of ignition and a
proper temperature limit reached to initiate the reaction. Technically, a boiler can rupture, but cannot explode.
C. deflagration-A burning process that proceeds at a rate less than 3000 fps, but produces sufficient gas pressure to
rend or disrupt the material around it, including rock.
D. blast-The operation of rending (breaking) rock by means of explosives. Shot is also used to mean a blast.

ANSWER: B. explosion/ Detonation

25 . A detonation agent that has a speed of reaction exceeding that of sound.

A. blasting agent-. blasting agent-- Any material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting, not
otherwise defined as an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed for shipment or use, cannot be
detonated by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined

B. slurry-- An aqueous solution of ammonium and sodium nitrate with a fuel, sensitized usually by microballoon
entrapped air and some chemical sensitizers, thickened, and cross-linked to provide a gelatinous consistency.
Sometimes called a water gel.

C. High Explosive- Is any chemical mixture that detonates with a reaction velocity over 5000 feet per second. The
reaction can be initiated by a No. 8 strength blasting cap.

D. Low Explosives- deflagrate rather than detonate. Their reaction velocities are 2000 to less than 3000 feet per second.

Answer: C. High Explosive

26. A very rapid burning but not an explosion.

A. deflagration- A burning process that proceeds at a rate less than 3000 fps, but produces sufficient gas pressure to
rend or disrupt the material around it, including rock.
B. mine fire- The very dangerous occurrence may arise as the result of spontaneous combustion, the ignition of timbers
by gob fires, electric cable defects, or the heating and ignition of conveyor belts due to friction.
C. high explosive- Is any chemical mixture that detonates with a reaction velocity over 5000 feet per second. The
reaction can be initiated by a No. 8 strength blasting cap.
D. low explosive-- deflagrate rather than detonate. Their reaction velocities are 2000 to less than 3000 feet per second.

ANSWER: A. deflagration

27. A kind of explosive that generates no shock wave and hence no detonation pressure.

A. ANFO- A blasting agent consisting of ammonium nitrate prills and fuel oil.
B. slurry- An aqueous solution of ammonium and sodium nitrate with a fuel, sensitized usually by microballoon
entrapped air and some chemical sensitizers, thickened, and cross-linked to provide a gelatinous consistency.
Sometimes called a water gel.
C. low explosive- deflagrate rather than detonate. Their reaction velocities are 2000 to less than 3000 feet per second.
D. high explosive- Is any chemical mixture that detonates with a reaction velocity over 5000 feet per second. The
reaction can be initiated by a No. 8 strength blasting cap.

ANSWER: C. low explosive

28. This effect is due to the gas pressure action which is equally or more important than the shattering action in
breaking.

A. detonation pressure- The pressure associated with a detonation moving through an explosive, measured in kilobars
(kbar) or pounds/in2 (psi), is defined as detonation pressure
B. borehole pressure- The pressure exerted on borehole walls by the expanding gases of a detonation, after the
chemical reaction has been completed, is defined as borehole pressure.
C. explosion pressure- force exerted by the detonation of explosives within a blast hole or a confined space in a mine.
D. rock pressure- Refers to the force exerted by the surrounding rock mass in response to the detonation of explosives
during a blast.
ANSWER: C. explosion pressure

29. The point at which an explosive mixture has sufficient oxygen to completely oxidize all the fuels, but not excess to
react with the contained nitrogen.

A. equilibrium point- The stage at which an explosive mixture has sufficient oxygen to fully oxidize all fuels present but
lacks excess oxygen to react with the contained nitrogen, ensuring efficient combustion.
B. state of balance-A condition of stability or equilibrium in various contexts, not specific to explosives
C. zero oxygen balance-The condition where an explosive has precisely enough oxygen for complete combustion
without excess, optimizing efficiency.
D. fume-free consistency-The absence of fumes or gases during explosive detonation, indicating efficient combustion
and minimal environmental impact

ANSWER: C. zero oxygen balance

30. Which of the following is an example of a low explosive?

A. slurry- An aqueous solution of ammonium and sodium nitrate with a fuel, sensitized usually by microballoon
entrapped air and some chemical sensitizers, thickened, and cross-linked to provide a gelatinous consistency.
Sometimes called a water gel.
B. black powder- A type of low explosive which produces the longest lasting flame
C. emulsion- An explosives material containing substantial amounts of oxidizers suspended in water droplets
surrounded by an immiscible fuel. Similar to a slurry in some respects.
D. nitroglycerin-Often used as a primary explosive, meaning it is directly initiated by a blasting cap or detonator to
trigger a larger explosion.

ANSWER: B. black powder

31. Specifically formulated mixtures that are safe to use in flammable atmospheres in underground coal mines.

A. slurries- An aqueous solution of ammonium and sodium nitrate with a fuel, sensitized usually by microballoon
entrapped air and some chemical sensitizers, thickened, and cross-linked to provide a gelatinous consistency.
Sometimes called a water gel.
B. permissibles- n explosive approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines for controlled heat and duration of detonation flame
and allowed for use in underground work. Permissibles are allowed to produce more toxic fumes than non-
permissibles. Reduces the possibility of ignition of coal dust or methane gas.
C. ANFO- A blasting agent consisting of ammonium nitrate prills and fuel oil
D. emulsions- An explosives material containing substantial amounts of oxidizers suspended in water droplets
surrounded by an immiscible fuel. Similar to a slurry in some respects.

ANSWER: B. permissibles

32. Mixture of AN, water and a fuel sensitizer, either explosive or non-explosive, were developed to extend the range of
properties of blasting agents.

A. slurry- An aqueous solution of ammonium and sodium nitrate with a fuel, sensitized usually by microballoon
entrapped air and some chemical sensitizers, thickened, and cross-linked to provide a gelatinous consistency.
Sometimes called a water gel.
B. black powder- A type of low explosive which produces the longest lasting flame
C. emulsion- An explosives material containing substantial amounts of oxidizers suspended in water droplets
D. semi-gelatin-Semi-gelatin explosives are a type of explosive material with a gelatinous matrix incorporating high-
energy compounds, offering stability, water resistance, and ease of handling for applications such as mining and
construction blasting.

ANSWER: A. slurry

33. An incendiary cord used to sequentially ignite safety fuses.

A . detonating cord- A flexible cord containing a center core of high explosives and used to initiate other explosives.
B. trunk line- main line or conduit used to distribute initiation signals, such as electrical or shockwave signals, to
multiple explosive charges within a blast pattern.
C. igniter cord - Flexible explosive device used to initiate larger explosive charges, consisting of a core of high explosives
encased in a protective outer layer.
D. fuse lighter- Device used to ignite a fuse, typically consisting of a handheld tool with a built-in flame or spark
mechanism designed to ignite the fuse safely from a distance.

ANSWER: C. igniter cord

34. A cord which burns at a definite rate, and is used to initiate a plain detonator or a deflagrating explosive.

A. safety fuse-- A cord containing a core of black powder and having a controlled burn rate, used to initiate blasting
caps.
B. igniter cord- Flexible explosive device used to initiate larger explosive charges, consisting of a core of high explosives
encased in a protective outer layer.
C. detonating cord- A flexible cord containing a center core of high explosives and used to initiate other explosives.
D. gun cotton-n cotton, also known as nitrocellulose, is a highly flammable compound used historically as an explosive,
made by treating cellulose with nitric and sulfuric acids.

ANSWER: A. safety fuse

35. A super fine mixture of oxidizer solution encapsulated in an oil/wax matrix.

A. dynamite-A high explosives used for blasting, consisting essentially of a mixture of, but not limited to, nitroglycerin,
nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, and carbonaceous materials
B. emulsion-An explosives material containing substantial amounts of oxidizers suspended in water droplets surrounded
by an immiscible fuel. Similar to a slurry in some respects.
C. blasting agent-- Any material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting, not otherwise defined
as an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed for shipment or use, cannot be detonated by means of a
No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined.
D. initiating explosive- Type of explosive material specifically designed to start or initiate a chain reaction in other
explosives, such as blasting caps or detonators, playing a critical role in controlled blasting operations

ANSWER: B. emulsion

36. A capsule or case which contain a sensitive powerful explosive used for initiating other explosives and may not
contain more than 10 grams of total explosives by weight, excluding initiations or delay charges.

A. detonator-Any device containing a detonating charge that is used to initiate an explosive. Includes, but is not limited
to, blasting caps, electric blasting caps, and nonelectric instantaneous or delay blasting caps.
B. safety fuse-A cord containing a core of black powder and having a controlled burn rate, used to initiate blasting caps
C. blasting agent-Any material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting, not otherwise defined as
an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed for shipment or use, cannot be detonated by means of a No.
8 test blasting cap when unconfined.
D. booster-A chemical compound used for intensifying an explosives reaction. A booster does not contain an initiating
device, but must be cap sensitive. Usually of high velocity and density.

ANSWER: A. detonator

37. A high explosive consisting of a mixture of, but not limited to nitroglycerin, nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate,
sodium nitrate, and carbonaceous material.

A. primer- A unit, package, or cartridge of explosives used to initiate other explosives or blasting agents, and which
contains: (1) detonator; (2) detonating cord to which is attached a detonator designed to initiate the detonating cord.
B. dynamite- A high explosives used for blasting, consisting essentially of a mixture of, but not limited to, nitroglycerin,
nitrocellulose, ammonium nitrate, and carbonaceous materials.
C. blasting cap- A detonator that is initiated by a safety fuse
D. booster-Any device containing a detonating charge that is used to initiate an explosive. Includes, but is not limited to,
blasting caps, electric blasting caps, and nonelectric instantaneous or delay blasting caps.

ANSWER: B. dynamite

38. A small shell containing an explosive compound that is ignited by electric current brought in through the lead wires.

A. electric squib- An electric squib is a small, electrically activated device used to initiate larger explosive charges in
controlled blasting operations.

B. ordinary blasting cap- Small, sensitive explosive device used to initiate larger explosive charges in controlled blasting
operations.
C. primer- primer- A unit, package, or cartridge of explosives used to initiate other explosives or blasting agents, and
which contains: (1) detonator; (2) detonating cord to which is attached a detonator designed to initiate the detonating
cord.
D. booster- An ordinary blasting cap is a small, sensitive explosive device used to initiate larger explosive charges in
controlled blasting operations.

ANSWER: electric squib

39. These are nearly horizontal holes drilled at the bottom of the face of the bench. After enlarging by small charges of
explosives, they are blasted to bring down the bench at one or more shots.

A. cut holes-The first hole or group of holes fired in a drift or tunnel face. Also known as the cut portion of the
blasting round.
B. snake holes- A borehole driven horizontally or nearly so and approx. on a level with the quarry floor.
C. relievers- Additional boreholes drilled near the main blast holes in order to reduce the amount of rock or material left
behind after the main blast.
D. trimmers- Boreholes drilled into remaining rock or material after a main blast to break up and remove any leftover
material.

ANSWER: B. snake holes

40. A method of blasting in which large charges are fired in small adits into the face of the quarry at the level of the
floor.
A. bench blasting- A mining system used either underground or in surface pits whereby a thick ore or waste zone is
removed by blasting a series of successive horizontal layers called benches.
B. coyote blasting- Blasting of rock by detonating explosives-filled tunnels. The tunnels are usually at the base and
parallel to the rock face. Includes the practice of drilling blasting holes (tunnels) horizontally into rock face at the foot of
the shot. Used where it is impractical to drill vertically.
C. tunnel blasting- A method of heavy blasting in which a heading is driven into the rock and afterwards filled with
explosives in large quantities. This is similar to a borehole on a large scale, except that the heading is usually
divided into two parts on the same level at right angles to the first heading.
D . aditting- Creation of an addit

ANSWER: B. coyote blasting

41. If the drill holes are too small to hold the necessary charge of explosives, the bottom of the holes must be enlarged.
This is ________.

A. reaming- Typically refers to the process of enlarging or smoothing out a pre-existing hole or tunnel. In mining or
construction, reaming may involve the use of specialized equipment to widen a borehole, tunnel, or shaft to a larger
diameter.
B. redrilling- drilling a hole again, often to correct errors, adjust depth, enlarge the hole, or improve sampling in mining
or construction operations
C. springing- If the drill holes are too small to hold the necessary charge of explosives, the bottom of the holes must be
enlarged.
D. burnt cut- method of controlled cutting in mining and construction, utilizing heat generated by igniting a combustible
material to fracture rock or concrete.

ANSWER: C. springing

42. The first hole or group of holes fired in a drift or tunnel face is known as ________.

A. relievers-- Additional boreholes drilled near the main blast holes in order to reduce the amount of rock or material
left behind after the main blast.
B. cut holes- The first hole or group of holes fired in a drift or tunnel face. Also known as the cut portion of the
blasting round.
C. trimmers- Boreholes drilled into remaining rock or material after a main blast to break up and remove any leftover
material.
D. snake holes- A borehole driven horizontally or nearly so and approx. on a level with the quarry floor.

ANSWER: B. cut holes

43. A system of bearing down coal by which compressed air, generated locally by a portable compressor at 10,000 psi, is
used in releasing cylinder, which is placed in a hole drilled in the coal.

A. hydrox- A permitted device, used in some English coal mines, that resembles Cardox in that a steel cylinder with
a thin shearing disk is used. However, the charge is not liquid carbon dioxide but rather a powder composed
chiefly of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate. It is proportioned to give water, nitrogen, and salt as the
products of combustion. On being ignited, this powder is gasified and shears the steel disk, with the gas escaping
into the hole.
B. chlorox- A brand of household detergent
C. cardox-Trade name for an explosive device used principally in coal mining.
D. airdox-A system for breaking down coal by which compressed air, generated locally by a portable compressor at
10,000 psi (69.0 MPa), is used in a releasing cylinder, which is placed in a hole drilled in the coal. Thus, slow
breaking results, with no flame, in producing a larger percentage of lump coal than is made by using explosives.
Its principal advantage is that it may be used with safety in gaseous and dusty mines.

ANSWER: D. airdox

44. In coal mine subsidence, this angle is assumed to bisect the angle of repose of the material.

A. angle of repose- The maximum angle from horizontal at which a given material will rest on a given surface without
sliding or rolling.
B. angle of draw- In coal mine subsidence, this angle is assumed to bisect the angle between the vertical and the angle
of repose of the material and is 20° for flat seams. For dipping seams, the angle of break increases, being 35.8° from the
vertical for a 40° dip. The main break occurs over the seam at an angle from the vertical equal to half the dip.
C. pit slope- The angle at which the wall of an open pit or cut stands as measured along an imaginary plane
extended along the crests of the berms or from the slope crest to its toe.
D. bench slope- The angle, measured in degrees of deviation from the horizontal, at which the earthy or rock
material will stand in an excavated, terracelike cut in an open-pit mine or quarry.

ANSWER: B. angle of draw

45. The maximum slope at which a heap of any loose material will stand without sliding or come to rest when poured or
dumped in a pile or on a slope.

A. angle of draw- In coal mine subsidence, this angle is assumed to bisect the angle between the vertical and the angle
of repose of the material and is 20° for flat seams. For dipping seams, the angle of break increases, being 35.8° from the
vertical for a 40° dip. The main break occurs over the seam at an angle from the vertical equal to half the dip.
B. working slope-The angle of inclination at which mining operations are conducted.
C. angle of repose- The maximum angle from horizontal at which a given material will rest on a given surface without
sliding or rolling.
D. gradient slope- The steepness of a surface, like a hill or road. It's calculated by dividing the change in height by the
horizontal distance. A higher gradient slope means a steeper incline, while a lower one indicates a gentler slope.

ANSWER: C. angle of repose

46. It is the portion or remainder of shothole found in a face often a blast has been fired.

A. bootleg- That portion of a borehole that remains relatively intact after having been charged with explosives and fired.
B. misfire- A charge, or part of a charge, which for any reason has failed to fire as planned. All misfires are to be
considered extremely dangerous until the cause of the misfire has been determined
C. hangfire- The detonation of an explosive charge at a time after its designed firing time. A source of serious accidents.
D. minefire- This very dangerous occurrence may arise as the result of spontaneous combustion, the ignition of
timbers by gob fires, electric cable defects, or the heating and ignition of conveyor belts due to friction.

ANSWER: A. bootleg
47. A small tunnel driven horizontally into the rock at right angles to the face. It has two or more cross-cuts driven from
it parallel to the face.

A. cross-cut- A passageway driven between the entry and its parallel air course or air courses for ventilation purposes.
Also, a tunnel driven from one seam to another through or across the intervening measures; sometimes called "crosscut
tunnel", or "breakthrough". In vein mining, an entry perpendicular to the vein.
B. drift- A horizontal passage underground. A drift follows the vein, as distinguished from a crosscut that intersects it, or
a level or gallery, which may do either.
C. coyote doghole- Refers to a small hole or tunnel dug into the side of a larger underground excavation. It's used for
various purposes like exploration, ventilation, or access to ore veins.
D. slope- Primary inclined opening, connection the surface with the underground workings.

ANSWER: C. coyote doghole

48. Sinking a number of boreholes each in different horizontal or vertical direction from a single drill set-up.

A. auger drilling- Auger drilling in mining uses a rotating screw blade to extract samples or material from the ground. It's
commonly used for exploration, especially in softer materials, to assess subsurface composition and potential before
further mining activities.
B. fan drilling- Fan drilling in mining involves drilling multiple boreholes radiating outwards from a central point. It's
used for ventilation, drainage, or exploration, providing efficient access to underground areas.
C. diamond drilling- Diamond drilling in mining extracts core samples using a rotating drill bit with industrial-grade
diamonds. It's essential for accurately assessing geological formations and identifying valuable minerals.
D. deep well drilling- Deep well drilling involves boring holes deep into the earth to extract resources like water, oil, gas,
or geothermal energy.

ANSWER: B. fan drilling

49. The process of injecting grout into crevices of rock, usually through a borehole drilled into the rock.

A. spraying- The process of applying liquid or fine particles onto a surface using a spraying device
B. grouting- The injection of grout into fissured, jointed, or permeable rocks in order to reduce their permeability or
increase their strength.
C. guniting- Pneumatically applied portland cement mortar, or gunite. The spraying of mine openings with concrete to
provide ground support, present a smooth surface to the air current, and prevent weathering with the mortar.
D. shotcreting- Technique used in mining and tunneling to spray concrete onto surfaces for reinforcement or
stabilization.

ANSWER: B. grouting

50. The rising of the floor of the mine caused by its being too soft to resists the weight on the pillar.

A. roof- The rock immediately above a coal seam. It is commonly a shale and is often carbonaceous in character
and softer than similar rocks higher up in the roof strata. The roof shale may contain streaks and wisps of coaly
material, which tends to weaken the deposit. Roof in coal mining corresponds to hanging wall in metal mining.
B. floor- The rock underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal ore deposit, corresponding to the footwall of more steeply
dipping deposits
C. heave- Upward movement of soil caused by expansion or displacement resulting from such phenomena as
moisture absorption, removal of overburden, driving of piles, and frost action.
D. crown-T op surface or highest point of an underground excavation, like a tunnel or stope.

ANSWER: C. heave

51. A smooth blasting method in which cracks for the final contour are created by blasting prior to the drilling of the
rest of the holes for the blast patter.

A. perimeter blasting- A method of blasting in tunnels, drifts, and raises, designed to minimize overbreak and leave
clean-cut solid walls
B. pre-splitting- Pre-splitting is a blasting technique in mining and construction where closely spaced holes are drilled
along a fracture plane before the main blast. It controls fragmentation, reduces damage, and enhances stability.
C. smooth blasting- Is a type of controlled blasting that's done either before production blasting, as an alternative to
presplitting, or afterwards, either as an entirely different event or as the last delay of the production blast
D. secondary blasting-

ANSWER: B. pre-splitting

52. Failure of a charge to explode when expected.

A. bootleg- That portion of a borehole that remains relatively intact after having been charged with explosives and fired.
B. misfire- A charge, or part of a charge, which for any reason has failed to fire as planned. All misfires are to be
considered extremely dangerous until the cause of the misfire has been determined
C. hangfire- A charge, or part of a charge, which for any reason has failed to fire as planned. All misfires are to be
considered extremely dangerous until the cause of the misfire has been determined
D. explosion- A thermochemical process whereby mixtures of gases, solids, or liquids react with the almost
instantaneous formation of high gaseous pressures and a heat release.

ANSWER: B. misfire

53 . Lowering of strata, including the surface due to underground excavation.

A. rock failure- Fracture or failure of a rock that has been stressed beyond its ultimate strength.
B. subsidence-The sinking or caving in of the ground, or the settling of a structure to a lower level, essentially as a result
of removal of support in an underground opening below.
C. sinking- The downward movement of surface material towards the earth’s crust
D. mudrush-sudden inflows of fine wet ore within underground mines

ANSWER: B. subsidence

54. A distinct pause of pre-determined time between detonation and initiation pulses, to permit the firing of explosives
charges separated

A. delay blasting- The practice of initiating individual explosive decks, boreholes, or rows of boreholes at predetermined
time intervals using delay detonators, as compared to instantaneous blasting where all holes are fired essentially
simultaneously.
B. delay detonator- A detonator, either electronic or non-electronic, with built in elements that create a predetermined
lapse of tie between the input of the of the energy of firing signal to the detonation of the base charge.
C. delay- A distinct pause of predetermined time between detonation or initiation pulses, to permit the firing of
explosive charges separately
D. delay element- That portion of a blasting cap which causes a delay between the instant of impressment of energy on
the cap and the time of detonation of the base charge of the cap.

ANSWER: C. delay

55. An explosive material containing substantial amount of oxidizers dissolved in waste, surrounded by an immiscible
fuel.

A. glycerin- A type of carbohydrate known as a sugar alcohol or a polyol

B. fuel oil- Yellowish to light brown liquid mixtures produced from crude petroleum by different refining processes,
depending on their intended use.
C. ammonia- A colorless, gaseous alkaline compound; NH3 ; lighter than air; pungent smell and taste. Byproduct of gas
and coke production. Used in making fertilizers and explosives.
D. emulsion- An explosives material containing substantial amounts of oxidizers suspended in water droplets
surrounded by an immiscible fuel.

ANSWER: D. emulsion

56. A designation given to a delay detonator to show its relative or absolute delay time in a given series.

A. delay interval- The nominal period between the firing of successive delay detonators in a series of shots
B. delay element- That portion of a blasting cap which causes a delay between the instant of impressment of energy on
the cap and the time of detonation of the base charge of the cap.
C. delay period- A designation given to a delay detonator to show its relative or absolute delay time in a given series.
D. delay series- A series or sequence of delay detonators designed to satisfy specific blasting requirements. There are
basically two types; millisecond (MS) and long period (LP).

ANSWER: C. delay period

57. Explosives that are permitted for use in gassy and dusty atmosphere.

A. ANFO- A blasting agent consisting of ammonium nitrate prills and fuel oil
B. ammonia dynamite- Dynamite in which part of the nitroglycerin is replaced by ammonium nitrate; used in mining.
C. permissible explosives- An explosive approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines for controlled heat and duration of
detonation flame and allowed for use in underground work.
D. commercial explosives- Explosives designed, produced, and used for commercial or industrial applications rather
than for military purposes.

ANSWER: C. permissible explosives

58. The airborne suspension of solid particles from the products of detonation and deflagration.

A. dust- fine, dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth or waste matter lying on the ground or on surfaces or
carried in the air.
B. smoke- The exhalation, visible vapor, or material that escapes or is expelled from a burning substance during
combustion; applied esp. to the volatile matter expelled from wood, coal, peat, etc. together with the solid matter that
is carried off in suspension with it. That which is expelled from metallic substances is generally called fume or fume
C. fumes- The gas and smoke, esp. the noxious or poisonous gases, given off by the explosion or detonation of blasting
powder or dynamite
D. gases-Substance that is in a gaseous, or vaporous, state of matter
ANSWER: B. smoke

59. Applied to the blasts by means of which the original rock ledge is broken into fragments.

A. primary blasting- Main blasting executed to perform prododuction

B. blockholding- The breaking of boulders by loading and firing small explosive charges in small-diameter drilled holes.
C. mud capping- A practice used to break up large boulders of ore or rock in a work area such as a stope or pillar. A
capped piece of explosive is laid on the boulder and is "capped" with either mud or wet muck to somewhat contain the
force. When set off, the explosive charge is intended to break up the boulder.
D. plaster shooting- A charge of explosives fired in contact with the surface of a rock. May be covered with a quantity of
mud, wet earth, or similar substance (no borehole used)

ANSWER: C. mudcapping

60 . A square set whose members are not framed at their intersections and the timbers used are smaller than those of
the square set.

A. spilling-A method of tunneling through loose, running ground by driving spills (sharp-edged thick boards or steel
rods) ahead and around timber or steel frames.
B. bastard set- A square set whose members are not framed at their intersections and the timbers used are smaller than
those of the square set.
C. top lagging- Lagging wedges and secures the roof and sides behind the main timber or steel supports in a mine and
provides early resistance to pressure
D. bearing set-In a mine shaft, a specially substantial set of timbers used at intervals to support the linings and ordinary
bearers. They are tied into the surrounding rock to give extra strength.

ANSWER: B. bastard set

61 . A fuse composed of an explosive core within a textile or plastic covering. It detonates every explosives that in direct
contact with it.

A. cordtex-A detonating fuse suitable for opencast and quarry mining. It consists of an explosive core of pentaerythritol
tetranitrate (PETN) contained within plastic covering. It has an average velocity of detonation of 21,350 ft/s (6,500 m/s).
B. primacord-A fuse composed of an explosive core within a textile or plastic covering. It detonates every explosive that
is in direct contact with it.
C. ignitacord-A cord-like thermite fuse that burns progressively along its length with an external flame at the zone of
burning and is used for lighting a series of safety fuses in sequence. Burns with a spitting flame similar to a Fourth of July
sparkler
D. none of the above

ANSWER: B. primacord

62. The angle measured in degrees of deviation from the the earthy or rack material will stand in an excavated terrace-
like out in an open pit mine or quarry.

A. angle of draw- In coal mine subsidence, this angle is assumed to bisect the angle between the vertical and the angle
of repose of the material and is 20° for flat seams. For dipping seams, the angle of break increases, being 35.8° from the
vertical for a 40° dip. The main break occurs over the seam at an angle from the vertical equal to half the dip.
B. pit slope- The angle at which the wall of an open pit or cut stands as measured along an imaginary plane extended
along the crests of the berms or from the slope crest to its toe.
C. angle of repose- The maximum angle from horizontal at which a given material will rest on a given surface without
sliding or rolling
D. bench slope- The angle, measured in degrees of deviation from the horizontal, at which the earthy or rock material
will stand in an excavated, terracelike cut in an open-pit mine or quarry.

ANSWER: D. bench slope

63. The explosive cartridge into which the detonator has been inserted.

A. ANFO- A blasting agent consisting of ammonium nitrate prills and fuel oil
B. permissible explosives- An explosive approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines for controlled heat and duration of
detonation flame and allowed for use in underground work.
C. gelatin dynamite- A powerful water-resistant blasting explosive consisting of a jellylike mass of nitroglycerin and
lower-nitrated cellulose nitrate incorporated with a base
D. primer cartridge- The explosive cartridge into which a detonator has been inserted.

ANSWER: D. primer cartridge

64 . Type of cut in underground blasting in which the cut holes are drilled parallel to each other and straight into the
face, one or more holes being left unloaded for the others to break to.

A. undercut- To undermine, to hole, or to mine. To cut below or in the lower part of a coalbed by chipping away the coal
with a pick or mining machine. Undercutting is usually done on the level of the floor of the mine.
B. fan cut- A cut in which holes of equal or increasing length are drilled in a pattern on a horizonal plane or in a selected
stratum to break out a considerable part of it before the rest of the round is fired; the holes are fired in succession in
accordance with the increasing angle they form in relation to the face.
C. burn cut- burn cuts consist of a number of holes drilled in the center of the drift {parallel to each other and as close
together as possible) with one or more of the holes unloaded in order to provide open space to which the loaded holes
can break.
D. v-cut- A cut where the material blasted out in plan is like the letter V; usually consists of six or eight holes drilled into
the face, half of which form an acute angle with the other half.

ANSWER: C. burn cut

65. The operation of drilling and blasting a detached boulder or masses of rock, the purpose of which is to reduce the
mass to sizes suitable for handling.

A. mudcapping- A practice used to break up large boulders of ore or rock in a work area such as a stope or pillar. A
capped piece of explosive is laid on the boulder and is "capped" with either mud or wet muck to somewhat contain the
force. When set off, the explosive charge is intended to break up the boulder.
B. block holing- The breaking of boulders by loading and firing small explosive charges in small-diameter drilled holes.
C. master shooting-
D. bootleg- - That portion of a borehole that remains relatively intact after having been charged with explosives and
fired

ANSWER: B. block holing

66 . A baked mixture of soda and lime, used in the container or regeneration of self contained mine rescue or oxygen-
breathing apparatus to absorb the exhaled CO2.

A. airdox- A system for breaking down coal by which compressed air, generated locally by a portable compressor at
10,000 psi (69.0 MPa), is used in a releasing cylinder, which is placed in a hole drilled in the coal. Thus, slow breaking
results, with no flame, in producing a larger percentage of lump coal than is made by using explosives. Its principal
advantage is that it may be used with safety in gaseous and dusty mines.
B. cardox- Trade name for an explosive device used principally in coal mining.
C. cardoxide- A baked mixture of soda and lime, used in the container or regeneration of self contained mine rescue or
oxygen-breathing apparatus to absorb the exhaled CO2.
D. chlorox- A brand of household detergent

ANSWER: C. cardoxide

67. Explosive decomposition that moves through the reactants at a speed greater than the speed sound in the reactants
to produce shock waves and significant over pressure regardless of confinement.

A. detonation- An explosives reaction that consists of the propagation of a shock wave through the explosive,
accompanied by a chemical reaction that furnishes energy to sustain the shock wave propagation in a stable, sustained
manner, with gaseous formation and pressure expansion following shortly thereafter
B. delay- A distinct pause of predetermined time between detonation or initiation pulses, to permit the firing of
explosive charges separately
C. electric blasting cap- . A device for detonating charges of explosives electrically. It consists essentially of a blasting
cap, into the charge of which a fine platinum wire is stretched across two protruding copper wires, the whole fastened
in place by a crimp or plug. The heating of the platinum wire bridge by the electric current ignites the explosive charge
in the cap, which in turn detonates the high explosive.
D. deflagration- A burning process that proceeds at a rate less than 3000 fps, but produces sufficient gas pressure to
rend or disrupt the material around it, including rock.

ANSWER: A. detonation

68. If you find several lengths of PRIMADET signal tube sticking out from an area of poorly broken ground, would you:

A. Examine the tubing to see if it has fired.

B. Wash down the area with lots of water
C. Evacuate the area and erect misfire signs
D. Mark the area and supervise its digging out.
E. Redrill, charge and fire a relieving hole near it.

ANSWER: A. Examine the tubing to see if it has fired.

69. It is possible to determine if a length of PRIMADET tubing has fired by:

A. The change in color of the outer covering

B. Cutting the tube and smelling the burnt powder.
C. The presence of loose powder inside the tubing.
D. All of these

ANSWER: C. The presence of loose powder inside the tubing

70. I would not use an unauthorized fuel in ANFO because of:

A. Loss of water resistance

B. Danger of fire/explosion
C. Lack of energy output
D. Production of toxic fumes

ANSWER: B. Danger of fire/explosion

71. If there is a blaze containing blasting agents, what method of treatment applies?

A . Fight with heaps of water

B. Evacuate all personnel
C. Fight with chemical foam
D. Remove all flammable stores from nearby

ANSWER:

72. What does ANFO stand for?

A. Ammonium nitrate fossil oxide

B. Ammonium nitrate ferrous oxide
C. Ammonium nitrate furnace oil
D. Ammonium nitrate fuel oil

ANSWER: D. Ammonium nitrate fuel oil

73. Which of these is true?

A. ANFO can never be initiated just by a detonator.

B. Burning ANFO may explode.
C. Ammonium nitrate is an explosive
D. ANFO cannot explode unless confined in a hole.

ANSWER:

74. In the Bunch Block of PRIMADET TLD, it is important not to put together.

A. more than 3 signal tubes

B. heavy duty signal tubes
C. signal tubes with J hooks attached
D. detonating cord and signal tubes

ANSWER:

75. PRIMADET TLD's are not at risk of causing firing time overlaps because:

A. delay element times are highly accurate

B. each one must initiate the next in the sequence
C. They are not affected by sympathetic detonation
D. None of these

ANSWER: A. delay element times are highly accurate

76. With the PRIMADET system, it is possible to initiate up to how many separately timed charges?

A. 30
B. 15
C. 150
D. over 1,000

ANSWER: A. 30

77. When delay detonators get old, the delay times generally:

A. gets longer
B. remain constant
C. get shorter
D. None of these

ANSWER: A. gets longer

78. IF a cartridge of explosives containing a detonator gets jammed half way down a blasthole you:

A. may push it firmly down with a wooden pole

B. may charge ANFO up to the normal height
C. must abandon the hole
D. may pull it firmly back out of the obstruction

ANSWER: containing a detonator

79. Which of the following items are safe from explosion in a presence of a lightning storm?

A. safety fuse- A cord containing a core of black powder and having a controlled burn rate, used to initiate blasting caps
B. POWERGEL blasting agents- A form of watergel blasting agent
Ç non-electric detonators- direct transmission signal device that is specifically tailored to transmit a powerful signal
through the shock tube to the detonator
D. ANFO in blastholes
E. detonating cord- A flexible cord containing a center core of high explosives and used to initiate other explosives.

ANSWER: A. safety fuse

80. The main factor that limits the use of ANFO as the universal explosive is that ANFO:

A. lacks water resistance

B. requires large primers
C. fills up the blasthole completely
D. does not come in cartridges
E. does not have sufficient power

ANSWER: A. lacks water resistance

81. Why is ANFO mostly colored with a dye?

A. to recognize it from straight AN

B. to increase the energy output
C. to see misfires in the muckpile
D. All of these
ANSWER: A. to recognize it from straight AN

82. The percentage of fuel oil in ANFO has a major effect on:

A. Water resistance
B. energy output
C. cost per kg

ANSWER: B. energy output

83. Which of the following explosives may be made non-explosive by soaking down with lots of water in the muckpile?

A. detonating cord- A flexible cord containing a center core of high explosives and used to initiate other explosives
B. POWERGEL-A type of watergel
C. PRIMADET- Series detonators are used as downlines in opencast mining and quarry operations where ‘point
initiation’ is desired down the hole. The unit consists of a precise detonator assembled on a sealed length of shock tube
with a J-hook at the other end.
D. ANFO- A blasting agent consisting of ammonium nitrate prills and fuel oil.

ANSWER: D. ANFO

84. Down the hole (bottom) initiation is better than top initiation because:

A. it is always cheaper
B. mostly the explosives do more work
C. explosions travel better upwards than downwards
D. sympathetic detonation may occur at the top

ANSWER: C. explosions travel better upwards than downwards

85. Despite the fact that no smoking is permitted near a blasting site, a lighted cigarette blows into a blasthole charged
with ANFO. Should you:

A. keep charging but watch for signs of smoke

B. fill the blasthole immediately with stemming
C. cease charging and evacuate the area for 2 hours
D. pour water down the blasthole immediately

ANSWER: D. pour water down the blasthole immediately

86. Which of the following must be stored separately from the rest?

A. safety fuse with detonator attached-

B. PRIMADET TLD- A type of electric detonator
C. detonating cord-a flexible cord filled with explosive material. It's used to transmit a detonation signal to explosive
charge
D. detonating relay connector (DRC)- a component used in detonation systems to connect detonators or blasting caps
to a firing device.

ANSWER: A. safety fuse with detonator attached

87. Hole by hole initiation generally helps to:

A. speed up charging time

B. increase mackpile throw
C. improve fragmentation
D. reduce vibrations

ANSWER: C. improve fragmentation

88. Which two of the following have the most effect on fragmentation from a blast?

A. drilling accuracy
B. rock structure/jointing
C. location of the primer
D. initiation sequence
E. Both C & D

ANSWER: E. Both C & D

89. A charge of explosive placed within the main charge of blasting agent or insensitive explosive to initiate detonation.

A. blasting cap- A detonator that is initiated by a safety fuse

B. initiating device-An initiating device is a component used to trigger the detonation of explosive material.
C. detonating cord-A flexible cord containing a center core of high explosives and used to initiate other explosives.
D. primer-A unit, package, or cartridge of explosives used to initiate other explosives or blasting agents, and which
contains: (1) detonator; (2) detonating cord to which is attached a detonator designed to initiate the detonating cord.

90. In straight dynamite, the term "straight" means that the:

A. dynamite contains no ammonium nitrate

B. dynamite contains no nitroglycerin
C. dynamite can be detonated without primer
D. dynamite has a detonation velocity of 25,000 fps

ANSWER: A. dynamite contains no ammonium nitrate

91. It is the percentage of nitroglycerin in straight nitroglycerin dynamite that produces the same deflection on the
ballistic mortar as an equal weight of explosive.
A. weight strength- Power or effectiveness of an explosive material relative to its weight.
B. grade strength- Percentage of nitroglycerin in straight nitroglycerin dynamite that produces the same deflection on
the ballistic mortar as an equal weight of explosive
C. detonation velocity- Speed at which the shockwave travels through an explosive material during detonation.
D. density-Mass of the explosive material per unit volume.

ANSWER: B. grade strength

92. Explosives designed for underground coal mines where the presence of explosive gases presents and abnormal
blasting hazard.

A. liquid oxygen explosives-Explosives utilizing liquid oxygen as an oxidizer, often providing enhanced explosive power
B. low density explosives-Explosives with reduced density compared to traditional high explosives, typically employed in
applications requiring less force, such as seismic exploration.
C. permissible explosives-Formulated for underground coal mines, approved to prevent igniting explosive gases like
methane, thereby minimizing explosion risks
D. dry blasting agents- Non-explosive materials utilized for breaking rock through mechanical energy

ANSWER: C. permissible explosives

93. It deflagrates without production of an intense shock wave. It can be set off by flame.

A. high explosive- Is any chemical mixture that detonates with a reaction velocity over 5000 feet per second. The
reaction can be initiated by a No. 8 strength blasting cap.
B. low explosive- deflagrate rather than detonate. Their reaction velocities are 2000 to less than 3000 feet per second.
C. sensitivity- explosive's susceptibility to initiation by various stimuli, such as heat, shock, or friction. Highly sensitive
explosives can be initiated more easily.
D. blasting agent-Any material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting, not otherwise defined
as an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed for shipment or use, cannot be detonated by means of a
No. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined

ANSWER: B. low explosive

94. It is defined as an explosive susceptibility to initiation.

A. water resistance-
B. blasting agent-Any material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting, not otherwise defined as
an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed for shipment or use, cannot be detonated by means of a No.
8 test blasting cap when unconfined
C. nitostarch- an explosive compound derived from starch, chemically modified with nitrate groups to enhance its
explosive properties.
D sensitiveness- explosive's susceptibility to initiation by various stimuli, such as heat, shock, or friction. Highly sensitive
explosives can be initiated more easily.

ANSWER: D. sensitiveness/sensibility

95. Inert materials placed after the explosive charge used to confine explosive energy.

A. drill cuttings-
B. stemming-
C. clay-
D. sand-

ANSWER: B. stemming

96. A method of loading blast holes in which the explosive charge is separated by stemming or air cushion.

A. bulk loading-placing the explosive directly into the blast hole without any additional separation or stemming
material.
B. deck loading-the explosive charge is placed in layers or decks within the blast hole, with stemming or inert material
separating the layers.
C. column loading-loading the explosive charge into the blast hole in a single column, with stemming or air cushions
used to separate the charge from the stemming material or surrounding rock.
D. normal loading- Standard loading practices

ANSWER: B. deck loading

97. Method of blasting in coal mines where hollow cylinders are charged with liquid CO2 under a pressure of 2000
lbs/in2.

A. airdox- Brand name for an explosive product used primarily in coal mining. It typically involves the use of oxygen and
fuel mixtures to create explosive gases for blasting purposes.
B. hercudet-Brand name for a type of explosive product
C. cardox- Trade name for an explosive device used primarily in coal mining. It involves charging hollow cylinders with
liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) under a pressure of 2000 lbs/in²
D. nonel- Brand name for a non-electric initiation system used in blasting operations. It typically consists of a shock tube
and a detonator, allowing for remote initiation of explosives.

ANSWER: C. cardox

98. The cheapest explosive next to ANFO

A. straight dynamite- Straight dynamite primarily consists of nitroglycerin

B. slurry- An aqueous solution of ammonium and sodium nitrate with a fuel, sensitized usually by microballoon
entrapped air and some chemical sensitizers, thickened, and cross-linked to provide a gelatinous consistency.
C. permissible- An explosive approved by the U.S. Bureau of Mines for controlled heat and duration of detonation
flame and allowed for use in underground work.
D. gelatin- An aqueous solution of ammonium and sodium nitrate with a fuel sensitized by explosive additives and/or
microballoon entrapped air, thickened, and cross-linked to provide a gelatinous consistency.

ANSWER: B. slurry

99. Detonation of high explosive agent produces:

A. explosion-A sudden release of energy, typically accompanied by the generation of high temperatures, gases, and
pressure.
B. Rapid burning-Fast combustion of material, producing heat and gases but not necessarily an explosion or shock wave.
C. Subsonic reaction-A reaction that occurs at speeds slower than the speed of sound, which may include combustion
but does not necessarily result in an explosion or shock wave.
D. Explosion and shock wave- Detonation of high explosive agent results in both an explosion, characterized by a
sudden release of energy, and a shock wave, which is a powerful pressure wave propagating outward from the
explosion's point of origin.

ANSWER: D. Explosion and shock wave

100. Type of explosive which leave about ½ of the volume as solid residue

A. Low explosives-Materials that burn slowly, leaving behind significant solid residue.
B. high explosives-: Rapidly detonating materials that leave minimal solid residue after detonation.
C. nitroglycerine-Highly explosive liquid compound commonly used in high explosives.
D. None of these

ANSWER: B. high explosives