Student Number

YEAR 12 ASSESSMENT BLOCK

2021 SEMESTER 1

Chemistry
PM WEDNESDAY 24th MARCH
90 copies
Section A – Multiple Choice
Choose the best response and fill in the response oval completely

Start 1. A B C D 11 A B C D
Here
2. A B C D 12. A B C D
3. A B C D 13. A B C D
4. A B C D 14. A B C D
5. A B C D 15. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
BLANK PAGE
 Student Number

YEAR 12 ASSESSMENT BLOCK

2021 SEMESTER 1

Chemistry
Staff Involved: PM WEDNESDAY 24th MARCH
• NJD
• DLM 90 COPIES
• KMT
• RJP*

General • Working time – 2 hours

Instructions: • NESA approved calculators may be used
• Students must provide their own rulers and pencils
• A separate Periodic Table and Data Sheet are provided

Total marks: Section A – Multiple Choice 15 marks (pages 3 - 8)

65 • Attempt Questions 1 - 15
• Allow about 20 minutes for this section

Section B – Short Answer Questions 50 marks (pages 9 - 17)

• Attempt Questions 16 - 27
• Allow about 100 minutes for this section
Section A : Multiple Choice
15 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 15
Allow 20 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 – 15

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval
completely.

Sample 2 + 4 = A 2 B 6 C 8 D 9

A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new
answer.

A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then
indicate this by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.
Correct

A B C D

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1. Methanol vapour forms when carbon monoxide reacts with hydrogen gas, as shown in the
following homogeneous equilibrium:

CO(𝑔𝑔) + 2H2(𝑔𝑔) ⇌ CH3 OH(𝑔𝑔)

Identify which change will shift the equilibrium to the right.

A. Increase the volume of the reaction vessel

B. Remove some carbon monoxide
C. Add some methanol gas
D. Decrease the volume of the reaction vessel

2. Potassium sulfate has a solubility of 12 g of salt per 100 g of water at 25oC. 20 g of potassium
sulfate crystals and 200 g of water are shaken together and allowed to stand in a stoppered
flask. Select the statement that best describes the resulting system.

A. The solution is saturated

B. A heterogeneous equilibrium is formed
C. An unsaturated solution forms
D. A homogeneous equilibrium is formed

3. Consider the following homogeneous, endothermic equilibrium:

3F2(𝑔𝑔) + Cl2(𝑔𝑔) ⇌ 2ClF3(𝑔𝑔)

The system is at equilibrium and the temperature is then raised. The amount of ClF3 present at
the new equilibrium is increased by 0.20 mol. Select the correct answer that identifies the
changes in all species.

F2 Cl2 ClF3

A. Increases by 0.30 mol Decreases by 0.10 mol Increases by 0.20 mol

B. Decreases by 0.30 mol Decreases by 0.10 mol Increases by 0.20 mol

C. Increases by 0.30 mol Decreases by 0.10 mol Decreases by 0.20 mol

D. Increases by 0.30 mol Increases by 0.10 mol Decreases by 0.20 mol

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4. The degree of ionisation of a weak acid can be calculated by measuring the concentration of
hydronium ions formed from a solution of the acid of know concentration. A 0.10 mol/L
solution of formic acid at 25°C has a hydronium ion concentration of 0.0040 mol/L.

Calculate the degree of ionisation of 0.10 mol/L formic acid.

A. 0.4%
B. 4.0%
C. 0.1%
D. 40%

5. How does the addition of a catalyst affect a reversible reaction?

A. It increases the activation energy of the forward reaction only.

B. It decreases the activation energy of the forward reaction only.
C. It increases the activation energy of both the forward and reverse reactions.
D. It decreases the activation energy of both the forward and reverse reactions.

6. A group of students produced a red solution by boiling red leaves in water. When dilute
sodium hydroxide was added to the solution, it turned purple. When dilute hydrochloric acid
was added to the red solution, no colour change occurred.

Which of these substances, when added, is most likely to cause the red solution to change
colour?

A. Cleaning solution containing ammonia

B. Concentrated hydrochloric acid
C. Orange juice
D. Vinegar

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7. Three solutions of acids, HX, HY and HZ, are represented by the following diagrams.
For clarity, water molecules have not been shown.

The acids, in order of increasing acid strength, are:

A. HX, HY, HZ
B. HZ, HX, HY
C. HX, HZ, HY
D. HY, HZ, HX

8. Consider this system:

−
HF(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) + H2 O(𝑙𝑙) ⇌ F(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) + H3 O+
(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)

Which of the following represents a conjugate acid-base pair present in this system?
−
A. HF(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) / F(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)
B. HF(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) / H3 O+ (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)
C HF(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) / H2 O(𝑙𝑙)
−
D. F(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) / H3 O+(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)

9. Which of the following is amphiprotic?

A. HCl
B. Cl−
C. NH4+
D. HCO3−

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10. Which graph best represents the electrical conductivity changes that occur when an aqueous
solution of acetic acid is titrated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH?

11. Select the true statement.

A. Carbon dioxide is released when zinc reacts with dilute nitric acid.
B. The reaction of copper (II) chloride with zinc bromide is a redox reaction.
C. The reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid is a neutralisation reaction.
D. Barium nitrate is formed when nitric acid reacts with barium hydroxide.

12. Methyl orange, bromothymol blue and phenolphthalein indicators were mixed together to
form a solution.

Over what pH range would the solution be yellow?

A. 0 – 14
B. 3 – 4.5
C. 3 – 7.5
D. 4.5 – 6

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13. A pH 4.0 solution of HCl(aq) is diluted by adding water to produce a pH 6.0 solution.

Which row in the following table correctly identifies an appropriate volume of the original
solution and the volume of water added for this dilution?

Volume of original solution (mL) Volume of water added (mL)

A. 100 900

B. 100 1000

C. 10 990

D. 1 1000

14. In a titration, a 25.00 mL titre of 1.00 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid neutralised a 20.00 mL
aliquot of sodium hydroxide solution which was in a conical flask. If, in repeating the
titration, a student failed to rinse one of the pieces of glassware with the appropriate solution,
the titre would be:

A. equal to 25.00 mL, if water was left in the conical flask after final rinsing.
B. less than 25.00 mL, if the final rinsing of the burette was with water rather than the acid.
C. greater than 25.00 mL, if the final rinsing of the 20.00 mL pipette was with water rather
than the base.
D. greater than 25.00 mL, if the conical flask was rinsed with the acid prior to the addition
of the aliquot.

15. 25.0 mL of a 0.100 mol L-1 acid is to be titrated against a sodium hydroxide solution until
final equivalence is reached.

Which of the following acids, if used in the titration, would require the greatest volume of
sodium hydroxide?

A. Acetic (monoprotic, weak)

B. Citric (triprotic, weak)
C. Hydrochloric (monoprotic, strong)
D. Sulfuric (diprotic, strong)

End of Section A

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BLANK PAGE

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Section B Student Number

50 marks
Attempt Questions 16 - 27
Allow about 100 minutes for this section.

Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the expected
length of response.
Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.
Extra writing space is provided on page 18. If you use this space, clearly indicate which question
you are answering.
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Question 16 (4 marks)

(a) Identify the spectator ions in the reaction below and write the ionic equation. 2

2NaBr(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) + PbCl2(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) → PbBr2(𝑠𝑠) + 2NaCl(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)

Spectator ions: …………………………………………………………………………

Ionic equation: …………………………………………………………………………

(b) Below is the reaction for the breakdown of tooth enamel (hydroxyapatite).

Ca5 (PO4 )3 OH(𝑠𝑠) ⇌ 5Ca2+ − 3−

(aq) + OH(aq) + 3PO4 (aq)
tooth enamel

Explain why the consumption of carbonated drinks, which have a low pH, could increase
dental decay. 2

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Question 17 (5 marks)

(a) Determine the solubility, in grams per millilitre, of sodium sulfate in distilled water,
given its solubility product constant to be 17.67. 3

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(b) Using the answer to (a), explain whether it is possible to completely dissolve 25 g of sodium
sulfate in 100 mL of distilled water. 2

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Question 18 (4 marks) Student Number

(a) State Le Chatelier’s principle. 1

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(b) The iron (III) thiocyanate equilibrium can be used to demonstrate Le Chatelier’s principle.
The equilibrium is:

Fe3+ − 2+
(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) + SCN(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) ⇌ FeSCN(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎) △ H negative

The Fe3+ ion is yellow. The SCN- ion is colourless. The FeSCN2+ ion is blood-red.

Describe and explain ONE experiment involving this equilibrium that demonstrates
Le Chatelier’s principle. 3

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Question 19 (3 marks)

20 mL of 0.010 mol/L calcium nitrate is added to 20 mL of 0.010 mol/L sodium sulfate.

Determine whether precipitation of calcium sulfate will occur. 3

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Question 20 (5 marks)

The pH ranges of a number of acid-base indicators are shown below:

Indicator pH range Colour

Congo red 3.0 – 5.0 Blue – red
Methyl orange 3.2 – 4.4 Red – yellow
Phenol red 6.8 – 8.0 Yellow – red
Cresol red 7.2 – 8.5 Yellow - red

(a) List all of the above indicators that could be used to distinguish between solutions of
0.1 mol L-1 sodium hydroxide and 0.1 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid. Justify your answer. 2

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(b) (i) When acetic acid and sodium hydroxide are titrated, the pH at the endpoint
is not 7. Use an equation and explain why this is so. 2

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(ii) Identify the most appropriate indicator for the above titration. 1

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 Student Number
Question 21 (2 marks)

Determine the mass of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), needed to produce 470 mL of a 1.30 mol L-1
solution. 2

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Question 22 (7 marks)

(a) A 0.10M hydrofluoric acid solution has a pH of 3.80. Determine the Ka for this acid. 2

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Question 22 continues on page 14

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Question 22 (continued)

(b) The Ka for ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) is 1.7 ×10−5.

For a 0.50 mol.L-1 ethanoic acid solution;

(i) Calculate the pKa. 1

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(ii) Write the equilibrium expression. 1

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(iii) Calculate the pH. 2

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(iv) Calculate the % ionisation. 1

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End of Question 22

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 Student Number
Question 23 (4 marks)

Aspirin is a weak acid with a formula of HC9H7O4.

To determine the amount of aspirin in a headache tablet, a chemist ground up one tablet and
dissolved it in 25.0 mL of 0.125 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution. After complete reaction,
the excess sodium hydroxide was titrated with 0.0975 mol/L hydrochloric acid. 11.6 mL was
required. (No blank was required. Assume a 2:1 ratio of NaOH to aspirin).

Calculate the mass of the aspirin in the headache tablet. 4

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Question 24 (6 marks)

10.0 mL of a 0.200 molL-1 nitric acid solution is added to 16.0 mL of a 0.100 mol L-1 sodium
hydroxide solution at 25°C.

(a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs. 1

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(b) Calculate the number of moles of excess reactant in the final solution. 2

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(c) Calculate the pH of the final solution. 2

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(d) Calculate the concentration of OH- ions in the final solution. 1

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Question 25 (3 marks)

25.0 mL of a standard barium hydroxide solution (Ba(OH)2) was added to completely neutralise
50.0 mL of a 1.5 mol L-1 solution of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH).
The temperature of the solution rose from 21.3oC to a maximum temperature of 34.0oC.
Determine the enthalpy of neutralisation. 3

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Question 26 (3 marks)

Write fully balanced chemical equations to represent each of the following reactions.

(a) Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc powder. 1

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(b) Dilute nitric acid reacts with a solution of calcium hydroxide. 1

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(c) Dilute sulfuric acid reacts with a sodium carbonate solution. 1

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 Student Number
Question 27 (4 marks)

The Arrhenius model in classifying acids and bases is sufficient for use in most Middle School
science lessons. Outline the model, including equations. Also, state ONE shortcoming of the
model. 4

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End of Paper

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Section II Extra writing space
If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.
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