CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Overview - Writing an overview involves providing a concise summary or

introduction to a topic, research paper, project, or any other piece of writing. The purpose

of an overview is to give readers a clear understanding of what they can expect to find in

the document or presentation

Problem - Start by identifying the general area or topic of interest for your

research. This could be a broad subject area or a specific issue that you want to

investigate

Importance of the study - Start by identifying the significance of your research

topic or problem. Consider why it is important to investigate this issue and what potential

impact your findings could have on theory, practice, or policy.

Literature - body of scholarly and academic works relevant to a particular topic,

subject area, or research question. This body of literature consists of published studies,

articles, books, reports, and other sources that have been written by experts, scholars,

researchers, and practitioners in the field.

Objective of the study - Start by identifying the general area or topic of interest

for your research. This could be a broad subject area or a specific issue that you want to

investigate.

Background of the Study

 Offer some background information on the historical development of the topic.

Discuss key events, trends, or milestones that have shaped the current state of knowledge

or practice in the field.

Provide a brief overview of the subject matter and explain why it is important or

relevant.

identify gaps or unresolved questions that your study aims to address.

Theoretical Framework

The theoretical framework in research provides a framework or structure for

understanding and interpreting the findings of a study. It consists of theories, concepts,

and models, that guide the research process and help researchers make sense of their data.

Theory 1 – (Choose Marketing theory)

Explain further what the theory all about. This can be done through a

comprehensive literature review, where you explore existing research in your field and

identify key theories and concepts that have been used to study similar phenomena.

Theory 2 – (Choose Management theory)

Explain further what the theory all about. This can be done through a

comprehensive literature review, where you explore existing research in your field and

identify key theories and concepts that have been used to study similar phenomena.

Theory 3 – (Choose Technical theory)

Explain further what the theory all about. This can be done through a

comprehensive literature review, where you explore existing research in your field and

identify key theories and concepts that have been used to study similar phenomena

Conceptual Framework
 A conceptual framework in research provides a comprehensive and systematic

structure for understanding, analyzing, and interpreting complex phenomena or problems

within a particular field of study. It consists of a set of interconnected concepts, and

assumptions that guide the research process and help researchers conceptualize their

study.

Conceptual frameworks are often presented visually, using diagrams, flowcharts,

or conceptual models to illustrate the relationships between concepts and variables.

Visual representations help researchers and readers visualize the conceptual structure of

the study and understand the connections between different elements.

INSERT CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows……. Explain the content under figure 1 Provide a brief

description of each figure, including its title, caption, and any relevant details or labels.

Summarize what the figure shows and what data or information it presents.

Statement of the Problem

Start by clearly identifying the problem or issue that your research aims to

address.
 Clearly articulate the research questions or objectives that your study aims to

address. These should be specific, focused, and directly related to the problem identified

in your statement.

Hypothesis

A hypothesis in research is a tentative statement or proposition that suggests a

possible explanation for a phenomenon or predicts the relationship between variables.

Scope and Limitation

The scope of the study in research refers to the boundaries and limitations of the

research project, outlining what aspects of the topic will be included and excluded from

the study. Defining the scope of the study is important as it helps researchers focus their

efforts, manage resources efficiently, and ensure that the research remains manageable

and feasible.

Start by clearly defining the objectives or aims of your research. What specific

questions do you want to answer or what outcomes do you hope to achieve through your

study?

Identify the main variables or factors that you will be studying in your research.

Define the population or group of individuals to which your research findings will

be generalized. Specify the characteristics of the population and describe how you will

select a sample to represent this population in your study. The scope of your study may

be limited by the availability of data or resources to access the entire population.

Acknowledge any limitations or constraints that may impact the scope of your

study. These limitations could include factors such as time, budget, access to data or

resources, or methodological constraints that may restrict the extent of your research.
Significance of the Study

The significance of the study in research refers to the importance or relevance of the

research project within the broader context of its field or discipline. It outlines why the

research is valuable, meaningful, and worthy of attention

Beneficiary 1. What will be the benefit from the research study.

Beneficiary 2. What will be the benefit from the research study.

Beneficiary 3. What will be the benefit from the research study.

Beneficiary 4. What will be the benefit from the research study.

Beneficiary 5. What will be the benefit from the research study.

Operational Definition of Terms

Operational definitions of terms in research refer to clear, precise, and measurable

definitions of key concepts or variables used in a study. These definitions specify how the

concepts will be measured, observed, or manipulated in the context of the research,

ensuring consistency and clarity in their use.

A Term 1. Clearly define the meaning of each concept or variable in the context

of your study. This involves providing a concise explanation of what each term represents

and how it relates to the research.

B Term 2. Clearly define the meaning of each concept or variable in the context

of your study. This involves providing a concise explanation of what each term represents

and how it relates to the research.

C Term 3. Clearly define the meaning of each concept or variable in the context

of your study. This involves providing a concise explanation of what each term represents

and how it relates to the research.

 D Term 4. Clearly define the meaning of each concept or variable in the context

of your study. This involves providing a concise explanation of what each term represents

and how it relates to the research.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

A review of related literature and studies in research is a critical component of the

research process. It involves identifying, analyzing, and synthesizing existing literature,

studies, and research findings relevant to the topic or problem under investigation.

Related Literature

Start the related literature section with a brief introduction that sets the context for

the review. Explain the purpose of the review and outline the scope and focus of the

literature you will be discussing. Organize the literature into thematic categories or

subtopics based on their relevance to your research question or problem. Group related

studies together to create a coherent narrative and facilitate comparison and synthesis.

In your study RRL will focus on the 5 aspects of business which is the Marketing

aspects, Management aspects, Technical aspects, Financial aspects and Socio economic

aspects. Look for five (5) related literature discussing about the factors in each aspects.

Provide a concise overview of the main points, focusing on the aspects most relevant to

your research objectives

Begin the related literature with an introductory paragraph that provides context
for the review. Explain the purpose of the section and outline the scope and focus of the

studies you will be discussing.

As stated by Last name (year) state the literature or the context outline discussing

the focus of the study.

According to Last name et al. (year) state the literature or the context outline

discussing the focus of the study. (et al. will be used if there are 3 or more authors)

Related Studies

Begin the related studies section with an introductory paragraph that provides

context for the review. Explain the purpose of the section and outline the scope and focus

of the studies you will be discussing.

In your study RRS will focus on the Business field or industry / Product. Look for

five (5) related study discussing about the business / products. Provide a concise

overview of the main points, focusing on the aspects most relevant to your research

objectives

As stated by Last name (year) state the study or the context outline discussing the

focus of the study.

According to Last name et al. (year) state the study or the context outline

discussing the focus of the study. (et al. will be used if there are 3 or more authors)

Synthesis

Writing a synthesis of research related to literature and studies involves

integrating and analyzing findings from multiple sources to develop a coherent and

comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Look for commonalities and differences among the sources you have reviewed.
Identify patterns, trends, and relationships that emerge across the literature and studies.

Summarize the key findings from each source, highlighting important concepts,

theories, methodologies, and results. Provide brief summaries or paraphrases of the main

points, focusing on the most relevant aspects of each source.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Research methodology refers to the systematic process and techniques used to

conduct research and investigate a specific problem, question, or phenomenon. It outlines

the overall approach, procedures, and methods that researchers employ to collect,

analyze, and interpret data in order to address their research objectives.

Research Design

This involves selecting the appropriate research design or approach that aligns

with the research objectives and questions. Common research designs include

experimental, correlational, descriptive, qualitative, and mixed-methods designs.

Describe the overall approach or strategy you will use to conduct your research.

Will you be using a quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods approach? Explain why

this approach is appropriate for your study.

Specify the research design or methodological framework you will be using.

Common research designs include experimental, correlational, descriptive, qualitative,

and mixed-methods designs. Explain how the chosen design will help you answer your

research questions or achieve your objectives.

Population and Sampling Technique

Writing about population and sampling techniques in research involves describing

the characteristics of the population under study and the methods used to select a subset

of that population for inclusion in the research.

Start by defining the population of interest for your study. The population is the

entire group of individuals, cases, or units that you want to study and make inferences

about. Be clear and specific about the characteristics of the population, such as

demographics, geographic location, or other relevant attributes.

Describe the sampling process used to select a subset of the population for

inclusion in your study. Sampling involves selecting a smaller, manageable group of

individuals or cases from the larger population. Explain why sampling is necessary and

how it helps you generalize your findings to the larger population.

Discuss the specific sampling technique or method used in your study. Common

sampling techniques include probability sampling methods (e.g., simple random

sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling) and non-probability sampling methods

(e.g., convenience sampling, purposive sampling, snowball sampling). Explain the

rationale for selecting a particular sampling technique and justify its appropriateness for

your research objectives.

Research Instrument

Writing about research instruments in a research paper involves describing the

tools, measures, or instruments used to collect data for your study

Start by introducing the section on research instruments. Provide an overview of the

purpose and importance of the instruments in your study and explain how they were
selected or developed.

Describe each research instrument used in your study in detail. This may include

surveys, questionnaires, interview protocols, observation guides, experimental tasks, or

other measurement tools.

Explain the purpose of each instrument and how it contributes to the data

collection process. Discuss what specific aspects of the research question or objectives

each instrument is designed to measure or assess.

Research Procedure

Writing a research procedure in a research paper involves detailing the step-by-

step process followed to conduct the study. This section outlines the specific methods and

procedures used to collect data, analyze data, and address research questions or objectives

Begin by introducing the research procedure section. Provide an overview of the

methods and procedures used to conduct the study and explain why they were chosen to

address the research questions or objectives.

The research procedure section by summarizing the key steps and procedures

used to conduct the study. Emphasize the rigor and reliability of the research methods

and procedures and their alignment with the research objectives.

Statistical Treatment

Writing a statistical treatment in research involves describing the statistical

methods and techniques used to analyze the data collected for the study.

Begin by introducing the statistical treatment section. Provide an overview of the

statistical methods and techniques used to analyze the data and explain why they were

chosen to address the research questions or objectives.

 Start by describing the descriptive statistics used to summarize and describe the

characteristics of the data. This may include measures of central tendency (e.g., mean,

median, mode) and measures of dispersion (e.g., range, variance, standard deviation).

Explain how these statistics were calculated and what they reveal about the data.

Describe the inferential statistics used to make inferences and draw conclusions

from the data. This may include hypothesis testing, correlation analysis, regression

analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), or other statistical tests. Explain the rationale

for using each statistical test and how it helps address the research questions or

objectives.
 LITERATURE CITED

A. Books

To cite a reference from a book in APA format, follow the guidelines below:
Basic Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.
Example:
Smith, J. D. (2010). The power of habit. Random House.

If you're citing a specific chapter or section from an edited book, the format is slightly
different:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In B. B. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xx-xx).
Publisher.

Example:
Jones, S. M. (2005). The role of education in social change. In K. L. Martin (Ed.), Social
change: Perspectives, challenges, and strategies (pp. 45-68). Oxford University
Press.

If there are multiple authors, list them all in the same order as they appear in the book,
separated by commas. If there are more than seven authors, list the first six followed by
an ellipsis (...) and then the last author.

B. Journal

To cite a reference from a journal in APA format, follow the guidelines below:

Basic Format:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number),
page range. DOI or URL
Example:
Smith, J. D. (2018). The impact of social media on adolescent well-being. Journal of
Adolescent Health, 62(5), 678-685.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.01.016

If the article does not have a DOI and was retrieved from a database, include the
database name instead of the DOI:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number),

page range. Database Name.

Example:
Jones, S. M. (2016). The effects of exercise on mental health. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 40(2), 235-250. PsycINFO.
If the article does not have a DOI or was not retrieved from a database, include the URL
of the journal's homepage:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number),

page range. URL

Example:
Johnson, K. L. (2020). The role of mindfulness in stress reduction. Journal of Behavioral
Medicine, 28(3), 410-425. https://www.springer.com/journal/10865

C. Website
To cite a reference from a website in APA format, follow the guidelines below:
Basic Format:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage. Website Name. URL

If no author is available, start with the title of the webpage:

Title of webpage. (Year, Month Day). Website Name. URL
Example with author:
Smith, J. D. (2022, January 15). The effects of climate change on biodiversity. National
Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/effects-of-
climate-change-on-biodiversity

Example without author:

The effects of climate change on biodiversity. (2022, January 15). National Geographic.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/effects-of-climate-
change-on-biodiversity
If there is no specific publication date available, use "n.d." (no date) instead:
Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of webpage. Website Name. URL
Example:
Johnson, K. L. (n.d.). Tips for healthy eating. Healthline.
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/healthy-eating-tips