Deformation

• Whenever a force is applied to a body, it

EEC 3233 will tend to change the body’s shape
and size.
Strength of Materials • These changes are referred to as
deformation. They may be either highly
visible or practically unnoticeable.
Chapter 2.1 – Strain • Example:
(a) Very large deformation: Rubber
band is being stretched.
(b) Unnoticeable deformation: Occupied
building with live load by tenants.
• Thermal expansion and contraction by
caused by weather should consider in
Prepared by, design as well.
Ir. LEONG Wen Kam
Senior Lecturer • In general, the deformation of a body
M.Sc.(Civil)(NTU, Singapore), B.Eng.(Civil)(Hons)(UNITEN)
P.Eng., P.Tech., M.I.E.M., ACPE will not be uniform throughout its
MIEAust, CPEng, APEC Engineer, IntPE(Aus) volume. It depends on the orientation of
Email: leong.wen.kam@uts.edu.my
Tel: +(6)084-367549 the line segment at the point.
H/P: +(6)016-8190370
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Strain Strain
• In order to describe the deformation of a body by changes in the • Shear Strain
lengths of line segments and changes in the angles between them,
the concept of strain namely normal strain and shear strain have 
 = −
been developed. 2
• Normal Strain
∆  − ∆ −

 = = =
∆

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Strain Strain & Deformation
Example 2.1
Small Strain Analysis
• Most engineering design involves applications for which only
small deformations are allowed. In this course, therefore, we will
assume that the deformations that take place within a body are
almost infinitesimal.
• In other words, we assume the normal strains occurring within
the material are very small compared to 1, so that
≪ 1.
• This assumption has wide practical application in engineering,
and it is often referred to as a small strain analysis. It can also be
used when a change in angle,∆, is small, so that sin ∆ = ∆,
cos ∆ = 1 and tan∆ = ∆.

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Strain & Deformation Strain & Deformation

Example 2.2 Example 2.3

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Strain & Deformation Strain & Deformation
Example 2.4

Ans: = -0.00833 rad

Ans: (a)
 =0.0069 mm/mm; (b)  -0.0132 rad

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Tutorials (10th Edition)

Preliminary Problems:
P2-1, P2-2, P2-3, P2-4, P2-5
Fundamental Problems:
F2-1, F2-2, F2-3, F2-4, F2-5
Problems:
2-3, 2-4, 2-6, 2-8, 2-9, 2-11, 2-12, 2-13, 2-21, 2-23, 2-24,
2-25

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