Passive and Active learning in Machine Learning

Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that deals with the creation of
algorithms that can learn and improve themselves without explicit programming. One of
the most critical factors that contribute to the success of a machine learning model is the
quality and quantity of data used to train it. Passive learning and active learning are two
approaches used in machine learning to acquire data.

1.Passive Reinforcement Learning

➔ Direct Utility Estimation
➔ Adaptive Dynamic Programming
➔ Temporal-Difference Agent
2.Active Reinforcement Learning
➔ Q learning

Passive Learning:
Passive learning, also known as batch learning, is a method of acquiring data by
processing a large set of pre-labeled data. In passive learning, the algorithm uses all the
available data to learn and improve its performance. The algorithm does not interact
with the user or request additional data to improve its accuracy.
Example:- An example of passive learning is training a machine learning model to
classify emails as spam or not spam. The algorithm is fed a large dataset of labeled
emails and uses it to learn how to identify spam emails. Once the training is complete,
the algorithm can accurately classify new emails without any further input from the user.

Active learning is a method of acquiring data where the algorithm interacts with the
user to acquire additional data to improve its accuracy. In active learning, the algorithm
starts with a small set of labeled data and requests the user to label additional data. The
algorithm uses the newly labeled data to improve its performance and may continue to
request additional data until a satisfactory level of accuracy is achieved.

Example:- An example of active learning is training a machine learning model to

recognize handwritten digits. The algorithm may start with a small set of labeled data
and ask the user to label additional data that the algorithm is uncertain about. The
algorithm uses the newly labeled data to improve its accuracy, and the process repeats
until the algorithm can accurately recognize most handwritten digits.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, passive learning and active learning are two approaches used in machine
learning to acquire data. Passive learning uses a large set of pre-labeled data to train the
algorithm, while active learning starts with a small set of labeled data and requests
additional data from the user to improve accuracy. The choice between passive learning
and active learning depends on the availability of labeled data and the application’s
requirements.