Chapter 6 – Automated Systems and Emerging Technologies

Act 6.1

a) Sensors detect the quantity of the sample. The quantity detected goes to the micro-processor
where it checks for the correct quantity is added and then it is added. Then, the micro-processor
sends a signal to the actuator to activate the stirrer. The stirrer then stirs the drink. At last,
sensors are used to check for the correct amt of drink and CO2 in each drink. It sends the data to
the microprocessor where it checks for the correct amt. If yes, then the process continues.

b) Advantages: It is efficient in terms of money and productivity. More precise.

Disadvantages: If wrongly programmed, the system can go haywire. Expensive to maintain and
set it up. Requires a lot of space.

Act 6.2

Distance between the two cars, position of the car wanting to park.

Cameras, lidar sensors and radar sensors

Act 6.5

1) Weather stations can monitor the difference in temperature, humidity and other factors.
Based on this data, it can alert us about the effect, which will promote us to act.
2) The sensors can measure the difference in lighting levels, correct temperature and regular
watering. Then, the system can adjust the temperature, etc so it will be fit for the growth of
tomatoes.
3) Sensors can detect the road works; this data will then be sent to the computer which will
calculate the optimum speed for the car. This data is sent to the actuators which follows the
command of the computer. The cars sensors can detect the slope and turn of the road, the
computer will calculate the efficiency of each gear on the terrain. This output will be sent to
the actuators, which will change the gear according to the signal sent by the computer.
4) I) The sensor will take the input of the car’s number plate; this will be registered into the
database. Then it will raise the barrier.
2) Once paid at the start, it will be registered in the database with the credentials of the car.
While exiting, the sensors detect the car plate and the sends it to the computer. The
computer will check the database if the car’s credentials is in the database.
3) Advantages: Increases efficiency, reduces long term costs. Disadvantages: Expensive to
maintain, exposed to cyber threats.

Act 6.6

Allows increased human interaction.

 Gyroscopes, ecompasses

Act 6.9

1) Harvesting and picking: they are more accurate at picking ripe fruit and faster for harvesting.
Drones and fertiliser distribution: Drones take an aerial image and sends a view of the crop.
This allows seed-planting to be done more accurately. Phenotyping: The plant is assessed,
and actions can be taken on the plant’s growth.

Act 6.10
1)
a) Honda's Asimo
b) Boston Dynamics' Spot
c) Toyota Partner Robots
d) HRP-4C ('Miim’)
e) AIBO

Act 6.11

5) a) The sensors detect the shipwreck using sonar waves mostly. It then sends the data to a
microprocessor to calculate whether it is a shipwreck. Based on this, it instructs the actuator
to turn on the camera and take a picture.
b) 1) Sensors recognises the samples. It sends this signal to the microprocessor which instructs the
actuator to scoop up the sample and place it inside the container.
2) Cameras can take pictures of the samples. It can take pictures of the surroundings
informing us about the condition. It can be used to navigate the robot.
c) Advantages: More efficient. Can work all the time. Can survive in this condition for a long time
without requiring additional resources. Disadvantages: It is expensive. Requires a lot of time for
testing.
d) Doing human tasks, rescue operations

Act 6.12

a) Knowledge base
b) Inference engine
c) Expert system
d) Rule based

Act 6.14

1) AI, COGNITIVE, EXPERT SYSTEMS, INFERENCE ENGINE, INFERENCE RULES, SEARCH ENGINE,
RULES BASE

Exam Style Questions

 5) a) The motion sensors detect the train stopping. Then, it sends this info the computer
which instructs the actuator to open the door for 30 seconds. The computer waits for 30
seconds. Then, the proximity sensors send info to the computer if someone is trying to get
off or on. If no one is boarding, it instructs the actuator to close the door. If someone is
boarding, it instructs the actuator to keep it open until that person gets on or off.
b) Advantages
Efficiency: Opens the door quickly, Cheaper: Cheaper in the long term as it will work
without pay.
Disadvantages:
Expensive: Initial costs are expensive, Unemployment: Leads to less employment in the
railway sector.
c) Because if something happens for which the computer isn’t programmed for, it won’t take the
necessary actions.
d) I) Independent of human intervention.
2) Motion sensor: Will alert the computer once the train stops for boarding. Ultrasonics
sensors: Detects objects. If objects in path, it will stop.

6) A) Ability to sense surroundings, Have a degree of movement, Programmable.

b) Dependent: Relies on humans for smooth operation. Independent: Doesn’t rely on
humans for smooth operation.

Act 3.2
1) A) Overclock the cpu. This can speed up your CPU -- and therefore speed up your
computer if your computer is limited by its CPU -- but the CPU will produce
additional heat. It may become physically damaged if you don't provide additional
cooling, or it may be unstable and cause your computer to blue-screen or restart.

b) An instruction set is a group of commands for a central processing unit (CPU) in

machine language.

2) A) Inputs: device location, destination – will locate the device on gps. Outputs:
Provides directions to the destination.

b) Over the internet. It is linked to a server all the time. So, it will check and upgrade
for latest installations.