Lesson title: Properties of a
Lesson title: Properties of a
Well-Written Text: Coherence and
Cohesion ( SAS 15-16)
● is a series of sentences that
are organized, coherent, and
are all related to a single topic.
● make your text easier for your
readers to follow and
understand. Cohesion is the
connection of ideas to the
central concept of a text
coherence is the relationship
of ideas between sentences.
CAN BE DONE IN 3 WAYS:
★ Chronological - The details
are arranged in the order in
which they happened. This is
an orderly arrangement of ideas
which is according to what came
first.
★ Spatial - The sentences of a
paragraph are arranged
according to geographical
location, such as nearest to
farthest, inside to outside.
❖ Emphatic - is when information
found in a paragraph is
arranged to emphasize
certain points depending on
the writer’s purpose. The
coherence of the paragraph is
established in one of two ways:
(a) from least to most
important, or (b) from most to
least important.
Well-written Text: Appropriate
Language Use (SAS 17)
● allows you to capture the
message that you want to
convey to your readers. It is all
about choosing the right words
that accurately capture your
ideas.
1. Misused Words - A writer might
sometimes use a word incorrectly, and
this occurs when the word does not
mean what he or she thinks it does.
So, it is important to be certain of the
definition of a word before using it; this
often happens with words that sound or
look alike.
2. Words with Unwanted
Connotations - There are words that
take on a meaning specific to a
context. Some writers might not be
aware of these connotations, so they
end up using language that is
unintentionally confusing, comical
or even offensive to readers.
3. Technical or Highfalutin Words -
Writers want to sound smart by using
words that are very technical or have
deep meanings. Though some writing
genres require the use of such words,
writers should still be careful about
using them since they make readers
work harder to understand texts.
4. Formal-Informal Language -
Determine when it is appropriate to
use formal language or when
informal language is acceptable.
Informal language is usually used in
writing for oneself or in writing to
family,
friends, and colleagues. On the other
hand, formal language is used in writing
academic, business, and official texts.
5. Direct and Simple Sentences -
When you write, you should also make
sure that the language you use is
**direct and simple rather than
complicated so that readers would
easily understand the text. If your
readers are the youth, then you should
use words that are familiar to young
people.
6. Unbiased Language - You should
also be sensitive enough to use
unbiased language so that you will not
offend any individual or any particular
group of people. Unbiased language is
language that is free of racial bias, free
of religious bias, and free of gender
bias
Lesson title: Properties of a
Well-written Text: Mechanics in
Writing ( SAS 18)
● the act of using a system of
symbols such as the comma,
period, quotation marks,
question marks, etc. that are
used to give structure to and
organize a text.
● The use of punctuation guides
the reader regarding how the
text should be read.
● The most common use of the
hyphen is to form compound
words, words that are made up
of more than one word.
Sometimes this occurs when
two words are put together to
serve as an adjective.
● Generally, the end as indicates
arrange of numbers of a
period of time. In this sense, it
is used with numerals.
EXAMPLE:
● Post-conference activities
include a tour of the city.
● Don’t over-promise, and you
won’t have a problem delivering
on your promises
● The em dash (twice as long as
the en dash) shows a big
pause in a sentence or
emphasizes the end of a
sentence.
EXAMPLES:
● I’m ready to talk—if you’re ready
to listen.
● You said you’d—you said you’d
be faithful to me!
● The ellipsis, a series of three
dots, shows that something
has been removed from a
sentence. It can also show a
pause or an unfinished
sentence.
● The comma joins two or more
ideas in a sentence or
separates items in a series.
● A colon introduces the
information that comes after it.
 It tells the reader that something ● Involves reflecting on the
is coming. validity of what you have read
in light of our prior knowledge
and understanding of the world.
● The semicolon connects two
complete sentences that are
related.
● refers to a careful, active,
reflective, analytic reading.
● A technique for discovering
● shows strong emphasis or information and ideas within
strong emotion. It is rarely atext.
used
in formal writing. Examples:
● STOP! DONT DO THAT!

● mark shows that a question is

being asked, that the speaker
or writer is seeking an answer to
something.

● The full stop or period is the

most common punctuation
mark in the English language.
It has two main functions.

● the act of writing the first

letter of a word in uppercase
while the rest of the letters
are in lowercase.

Lesson title: Critical Thinking and

Critical Reading ( SAS 19)

● a technique for evaluating

information and ideas, for
deciding what to accept and
believe.