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2435 Topper 21 101 3 1 7502 15594 Cockroach Up201506231526 1435053360 6688
2435 Topper 21 101 3 1 7502 15594 Cockroach Up201506231526 1435053360 6688
2435 Topper 21 101 3 1 7502 15594 Cockroach Up201506231526 1435053360 6688
Cockroach
Contents
Cockroach – Habit and Habitat .......................................................................................................................... 3
Morphology of Periplaneta americana ............................................................................................................... 4
Anatomy of Periplaneta americana - Digestive System...................................................................................... 7
Anatomy of Periplaneta americana - Blood Vascular System ......................................................................... 10
Anatomy of Periplaneta americana - Respiratory System ............................................................................... 12
Anatomy of Periplaneta americana - Excretory System ................................................................................... 13
Anatomy of Periplaneta americana - Nervous System ..................................................................................... 14
Anatomy of Periplaneta americana - Reproductive System ............................................................................. 15
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BIOLOGY STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS
Habitat
Cockroaches are confined to the tropical regions.
They are found in damp, dark places.
They are usually found in places where there is warmth and a lot of organic debris.
Habit
Cockroaches are nocturnal and omnivorous.
They are scavengers.
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1. External Features The body of these cockroaches is narrow, elongated, flattened and
bilaterally symmetrical.
They measure about 34–53 mm in length.
They are reddish brown.
2. Exoskeleton The entire body is covered by hard, chitinous plates called sclerites.
Sclerites present on the ventral surface are called sternites, and the
ones present on the dorsal surface are called tergites.
Both sternites and tergites are joined to each other by a thin, flexible
membrane called the arthrodial membrane.
The exoskeleton is covered by a waxy layer impermeable to water,
which prevents the loss of water from the body.
3. Division of Body The body is divisible into three regions—head, thorax and abdomen.
A small, soft and mobile neck connects the head with the thorax.
I. Head The head is triangular.
It lies at the anterior end at right angles to the longitudinal axis.
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Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Crop
•Sac-like structure.
•It stores food.
•It opens into the gizzard
Gizzard
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The digestive enzymes present in the saliva of cockroach are zymase and
amylase.
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When the heart fills, it contracts from behind forwards. This is a systole.
During a systole, the ostia close to prevent the backflow of blood into the haemocoel.
From the anterior end of the heart, blood is pumped into the haemocoel.
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Because atmospheric air comes in direct contact with the respiratory organs, blood has no role to
play here.
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Uricose glands •In the males of some species, these glands synthesise uric acid.
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The different sense organs present in cockroach are antennae, compound eyes, maxillary palps,
labial palps and anal cerci.
Mosaic Vision
In cockroach, the compound eyes are present at the dorsal surface of the head.
Each eye consists of about 2,000 ommatidia.
Each ommatidium is a biconvex lens or cornea.
An image is formed by the eyes by the composition of several adjacent images
received by the ommatidia. Such vision is called mosaic vision.
In such vision, images are sharp but seen separately and only in bright light.
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o It resembles the adult cockroach in structure but lacks wings and mature reproductive organs.
o The next to last nymphal stage has wing pads but not wings.
o The nymph undergoes moulting for about 13 times before reaching the adult stage.
Economic Importance
Cockroaches are not economically important.
They thrive in and around human habitats.
Because they destroy food and contaminate them with their excreta, they are considered pests.
By contaminating food material, they may also transmit certain bacterial diseases.
They may produce obnoxious smell in kitchens and stores.
They may damage household materials such as clothes and shoes.
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