CAST IRON PIPES

SPECIFICATIONS

311216251046 MANISHA GRACE.S

CAST IRON:

• Cast iron is a group of iron-

carbon alloys with a carbon content more
than 2%.

• Cast iron tends to be brittle, except

for malleable cast irons.

• With its relatively low melting point, good

fluidity, castability, excellent machinability,
resistance to deformation and wear
resistance, cast irons have become
an engineering material with a wide range
of applications and are used in pipes,
machines and automotive industry. It is
resistant to damage by oxidation.
CAST IRON PIPES:

• Cast iron is iron which has been heated until it liquefies then
poured into a mould to solidify. It is usually made from pig iron.

• Most cast irons have a chemical composition of 2.5–4.0% carbon,

1–3% silicon, and the remainder is iron.

• Grey cast iron has less tensile strength and shock resistance than
steel, but its compressive strength is comparable to low and
medium carbon steel.

• The oldest extant water pipes date from the 17th century and
were installed to distribute water throughout the gardens of the
Chateau de Versailles.
MANUFACTURING:

Horizontally Cast
The first cast iron pipe was produced in horizontal moulds, the core
of the mould would be supported on small iron rods which would
become part of the pipe. Horizontal casting resulted in an uneven
distribution of metal around the pipe circumference.

Vertically Cast
In 1845, the first pipe was cast vertically in a pit and by the turn of
the century, all pipe was manufactured by this method. Using this
method the slag would all collect at the top of the casting and could
be removed by simply cutting off the end of the pipe.

Centrifugally Cast
In 1918, much cast iron pipe manufacture shifted to the dramatically
different technique of centrifugal casting. Modern ductile iron pipe
production continues to use this method of casting.
Expense
Cast iron, being a metal, is much more expensive than traditional PVC or ABS
sewer/vent pipe, so the higher cost must be taken into account when budgeting
for the house's sewer/vent system.
USES:
Cast iron pipe is typically used for sewer lines and municipal water
but nowadays they are not used as they have been replaced by
ductile iron pipes and PVC pipes.

ADVANTAGES:
•Thicker wall than ductile iron or steel
•Similar rate of corrosion to ductile iron and steel
•Most pipes after 1950 supplied with cement mortar lining or
retrofitted

DISADVANTAGES:
•No elastic behaviour and lower mechanical strength
•Prone to external and internal corrosion in aggressive conditions
•Older pipes having caulked joints with little flexibility
•Often no external protection
•Manufacturing defects including variations in wall thickness
•Poor records
TYPES OF FITTINGS:
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings are classified into two major types—
hub and spigot and hubless. Hubless pipe and fittings are also
referred to in the plumbing industry as no-hub.

HUBLESS
PIPE

HUB & SPIGOT

PIPE
SIZES:
The first standardization of cast iron water pipes in Britain occurred in 1917
with the publishing of BS 78. This standard specified a dimensionless
nominal size, which approximately corresponded with the internal diameter
in inches of the pipe, and four pressure classes, Class A, Class B, Class C and
Class D, each with a specified wall thickness and outer diameter.
IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION:
In any building construction piping systems are designed to serve the
following primary purposes.
• To supply water everywhere in the building
• For the disposal of rain water above the ground
• To dispose water from water closets and washbasin etc
• To drain soil & waste water to septic tanks or town sewers.

Cast iron pipes and fitting are primarily used for designing of soil and rain
water disposal systems. These pipes are made by the sand cast process or
by spinning.

Sand cast pipes are made by pouring molten cast iron into vertically
mounted sand moulds. They are available in 1.5, 1.8 & 2 metre length and 5
& 6 mm thickness.

Spun pipes are made by pouring molten grey cast iron into a revolving
water cooled mould, producing a seamless pipe in length upto 3 metre with
thickness less than sand cast pipes.
THANK YOU