Shirai DOI:10.

1088/1741-4326/aa5d01 OV/3-3

Recent Progress of JT-60SA Project

H. Shirai1 , P. Barabaschi2 , and Y. Kamada1
1
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Naka, Japan
2
F4E: Fusion for Energy, ITER EU Centre, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
Corresponding Author: H. Shirai, shirai.hiroshi@jaea.go.jp
The JT-60SA project has been promoted since June 2007 under the framework of the Broader
Approach (BA) agreement and Japanese national fusion programme for an early realization of
fusion energy by conducting supportive and complementary work for the ITER project and directing
DEMO design activity. With the powerful and varied deposition profile of heating and current
drive system, flexible plasma shaping capability and various kinds of in-vessel coils to suppress
MHD instabilities, JT-60SA is sure to play an essential role to address essential issues to achieve long
sustainment of high-βN burning plasmas expected in DEMO. Components and systems of JT-60SA
are procured by the implementing agencies (IAs): Fusion for Energy in EU and JAEA in Japan. Their
design, fabrication, installation and commissioning have been actively directed and supervised by
the IAs. As of the end of 2015, twenty-seven procurement arrangement (PAs) have been concluded
covering 95% of the values of in-kind contribution for JT-60SA. In spite of the size, components of
JT-60SA have been manufactured well within the tolerance of 1 mm order. EU procures TF coils,
most of the power supply systems, cryogenic system, cryostat and so on. The cold test of the first
TF coil with a nominal current of 25.7 kA at 4.5–7.0 K was successfully completed. JA procures EF
coils, Central Solenoids, Vacuum Vessel, thermal shields, heating system, diagnostics system and
so on. Vacuum Vessel sectors were welded on the cryostat base forming a 340˝ torus. The heating
systems (P-NBI, N-NBI and ECRF) have been conditioned to operate at their full power (41 MW in
total) for 100 s. The first plasma of JT-60SA is scheduled in 2019. Wide range of operational region of
JT-60SA kept in mind, the JT-60SA research plan (SARP) has been regularly updated on the basis of
intensive discussion among European and Japanese researchers. The latest SARP (version 3.3) open
to the public in March 2016 shows that wide operational region of JT-60SA covers that of recent
European and Japanese DEMO designs. DEMO oriented researches such as study of ECRF assisted
startup, investigation of noninductive current overdrive scenario using TOPICS code were added.
This paper summarize the recent progress of JT-60SA Project pushed forward by close collaboration
of EU and Japan.

Published as a journal article in Nuclear Fusion

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-4326/aa5d01
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Recent Progress of JT-60SA Project

H. Shirai1, P. Barabaschi2, Y. Kamada3 and the JT-60SA Team

1
JT-60SA Project Team and 3JT-60SA JA Home, National Institutes for Quantum and
Radiological Science and Technology, 801-1 Mukoyama, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
2
JT-60SA EU Home Team, Fusion for Energy, Boltsmannstr 2, Garching 85748, Germany

E-mail contact of main author: shirai.hiroshi@qst.go.jp

Abstract. The JT-60SA Project has been implemented since June 2007 under the framework of the Broader
Approach (BA) agreement and the Japanese national fusion programme for the purpose of an early realization of
fusion energy. With variable heating and current drive profiles by powerful NBI and ECRF system, flexible plasma
shaping capability, and various kinds of in-vessel coils to suppress MHD instabilities, JT-60SA is sure to play an
essential role to address key physical and engineering issues of the ITER project and to promote DEMO design
activities. It aims to achieve long sustainment of high integrated performance plasmas under the high N condition
required in DEMO. Fabrication and installation of components and systems of JT-60SA procured by the European
and Japanese implementing agencies, F4E and QST, are steadily progressing. Assembly of toroidal field coils
around the vacuum vessel will start soon in the torus hall. Commissioning of the cryogenic system and power
supply system has been implemented in the Naka site. The first plasma of JT-60SA will be achieved in 2019. The
JT-60SA research plan covers a wide area of issues in ITER and DEMO relevant operation regimes, and has been
regularly updated on the basis of intensive discussion among European and Japanese researchers.

1. Introduction

The mission of the JT-60SA (Super Advanced) Project [1-3] is to contribute to an early
realization of fusion energy by addressing key physical and engineering issues for ITER and
demonstration fusion reactors (DEMO) [4,5] by utilizing JT-60SA, a superconducting tokamak
being constructed in Naka Fusion Institute of the National Institutes for Quantum and
Radiological Science and Technology (QST). Figure 1 is a schematic view of the JT-60SA
tokamak. The JT-60SA project has been implemented since 2007 under the framework of the
Broader Approach (BA) agreement as well as the Japanese national fusion programme (NA).
Overall implementation of the BA activities is directed and supervised by the BA Steering
Committee (SC), and examined by the Project Committee from the technical point of view. EU
and Japan each designates an Implementing Agency, which substantially carries out pertinent
activities for the project provided in the BA agreement. The European Implementing Agency
(EU-IA) is Fusion for Energy (F4E) and the Japanese Implementing Agency (JA-IA) is QST.
The Project Team (PT) coordinates the implementation
of the project between the EU-IA and the JA-IA.
The principle of the Japanese fusion research and
development activities is laid down in the “Third Phase
Basic Program of Fusion Research and Development”
[6] formulated by the Atomic Energy Commission,
which was released in June 1992. Achievement of self-
ignition condition, demonstration of long pulse (1,000
sec) burning plasma and development of fundamental
fusion technology necessary for DEMO are the main FIG. 1. Schematic view of JT-60SA
targets. In 1992 ITER EDA and the operation of tokamak
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upgraded JT-60 (JT-60U) started to achieve the above goals. JT-60U left remarkable records
such as DT equivalent fusion energy gain factor of 1.25 and fusion triple product of 1.53x1021
keV s m-3, and was shut down in 2008 to make way for JT-60SA, which opens up prospect
toward DEMO.
During past decades understanding of plasma physics has become deeper through intensive
research by using worldwide tokamaks. At the same time, lots of critical issues have become
clear, which may have strong influence on DEMO design. Under these circumstances, the
“Joint-Core Team for the Establishment of Technology Bases Required for the Development
of a Demonstration Fusion Reactor” was organized in the Working Group on Fusion Research
under the Nuclear Science and Technology Committee in Japan, and they summarized a report
on the basic concept of DEMO as well as physical and engineering issues to be solved with a
timeline chart [7, 8]. This report clearly defined that outputs from both JT-60SA and ITER play
critical roles to resolve issues related to the DEMO design and decide its construction.
The first plasma of JT-60SA will be achieved in 2019, which is much earlier than that of ITER.
Therefore JT-60SA can address expected issues of ITER in advance.

2. Objectives and Characteristics of JT-60SA

The JT-60SA Project has three major objectives. The first objective is to provide supporting
research for the ITER project to accomplish its technical targets. In order to realize a stable
steady-state (300~500 sec) Q=10 operation in ITER, lots of critical issues have to be addressed:
disruption avoidance and mitigation, ELM control for heat pulse reduction, heat load mitigation
by radiative divertor, and so forth. JT-60SA can operate in the ITER-like configuration
inductive mode under the break-even-equivalent condition. Thereby operation boundary of
ITER high integrated performance plasmas without disruption or serious MHD instabilities will
be investigated. Controllability of the plasmas due to the characteristics of superconducting
coils is also examined.
The second objective is to provide complementary research to ITER in order to promote DEMO
design activities. Although ITER will demonstrate 500 MW steady-state DT burning and handle
substantial amount of tritium, it will be operated at the normalized plasma pressure, N
(=20aP/(IpBt)), up to about 3. Since the fusion power is approximately proportional to N2,
DEMO should be operated in a higher N (~5) regime as an economically competitive power
plant. Thus such high N operation region will be investigated in detail by using JT-60SA.
The third objective is to foster scientists and technicians in the younger generation, who are
expected to play leading roles in ITER and DEMO. Quite a long period of time is necessary for
fusion research and development. JT-60SA
experiments provide opportunities for these people
to build up their knowledge, skills and experiences.
JT-60SA will examine and optimize operation
scenarios in the ITER and DEMO parameter region.
For that purpose, JT-60 has several distinct
characteristics for flexible operation in a wide range
of plasma parameters. Major parameters of JT-
60SA are shown in Table I. Large value of shape
factor S=q95Ip/(aBt) enables JT-60A to flexibly
change the shape of the plasma cross section. The
4.6 MA operation with ITER-like configuration is
beneficial in exploring ITER operation scenarios. TABLE I: PARAMETERS OF JT-60SA
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Strong additional heating power of 41 MW

for 100 sec enables break-even-equivalent
operation with 5.5 MA full plasma current.
Figure 2 shows the target operation region of
JT-60SA. JT-60SA will be operated in a N
region compatible to that of DEMO. Figure
3 shows JT-60SA operation region in (q95,
N) and (q95, fBS) space, where fBS is FIG. 2. JT-60SA target regimes
bootstrap current fraction. Operation target
regions of several European and Japanese
DEMO fall on the JT-60SA research region.
There are many other important parameters
[9] for designing DEMO: higher non-
inductive current drive fraction, fCD, to
extend operation time, lower effective
charge number, Zeff, in the plasma core
region to enhance fusion power, higher ratio
of radiation loss to the total heating power at FIG. 3. JT-60SA research regime for DEMO design
the SOL/divertor region to ensure integrity of divertor target, higher normalized plasma density,
nGW, and higher confinement enhancement factor, HHy2. These parameters should be realized
concurrently in DEMO in a well-balanced manner. JT-60SA will tackle such a challenging task.
While avoiding MHD instabilities and disruption, plasma controllability should be examined
in high N plasmas. JT-60SA has several actuators to control profiles of plasma pressure,
plasma current and plasma rotation: a Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) system and an Electron
Cyclotron Range of Frequency (ECRF) system, which can independently change the deposition
profiles of energy, driven current and momentum input. There are 12 units of positive ion-based
NBI (P-NBI, 85 keV, 24 MW in total) and 2 units of negative ion-based NBI (N-NBI, 500 keV,
10 MW in total), whose beam trajectories are
shown in Figure 4. Especially the off-axis N-
NBI, the perpendicular P-NBI and the tangential
P-NBI can be used for current profile control,
pressure profile control and plasma rotation
control, respectively. The ECRF system (9
gyrotrons, 4 launchers, 7 MW in total) can
modulate power at 5 kHz and vary the resonance
position of the waves by using steerable mirror.
FIG. 4. (a) Top view of NBI and ECRF system, (b)
A gyrotron can switch wave frequencies: 110 NBI beam trajectories in cross-sectional view
GHz and 138 GHz for 100 sec and a third
frequency of 82 GHz for 1 sec. It will be a
powerful tool for local heating and local current
drive.
Furthermore, stabilizing plates, Fast Plasma
Position Control Coils (FPPCC), Error Field
Correction Coils (EFCC) and Resistive Wall
Mode Control Coils (RWMCC) will be installed
inside the vacuum vessel as shown in Figure 5 to
supress MHD instabilities and achieve high N FIG. 5. Layout of in-vessel coils
plasmas.
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3. Operation Plan of JT-60SA

There are several research phases in the JT-60SA operation: (i) the Initial Research phase (~5
years), (ii) the Integrated Research phase (~5 years) and (iii) the Extended Research phase
(thereafter). The NBI and ECRF power will gradually increase toward the later phases, which
corresponds to the upgrade of diver target components for higher tolerable heat load.
During the first half of the Initial Research phase, hydrogen operation is carried out to conduct
full commissioning of the entire system. Plasma controllability is examined and operational
region is gradually expanded. The plasma current is increased up to 5.5 MA. Although P-NBI
and ECRF are not in full power, full-power N-NBI is available. The partially mono-block target
is installed with lower single null (LSN) divertor configuration. During the second half of the
Initial Research phase, deuterium operation is carried out. With additional NBI power, high N
scenario, high p scenario for fully non-inductive operation, and high density operation above
nGW are tried. Performance of profile control of the plasma current, the plasma pressure and the
plasma rotation is confirmed.
In the Integrated Research phase, almost full power heating is available. The LSN divertor
target is upgraded to the full mono-block type to withstand the heat load up to 15 MW/m2,
which enables establishment of high power and long pulse operation scenario necessary for
DEMO. Commissioning of the remote handling system is completed during the first half of the
Integrated Research phase in order to prepare for the second phase with higher annual neutron
production.
In the Extended Research phase, full power heating of 41 MW for 100s is available. Double
null divertor configuration for further reduction of the divertor heat load is also available. In
this phase, DEMO operation scenario with N ~5 and high integrated performance operation
will be demonstrated.
Originally the carbon divertor target will be replaced by the metallic one in the Extended
Research phase after the principal mission of JT-60SA is accomplished. Now the possibility of
replacement in the second half of the Integrated Research phase is under consideration in order
to address issues such as compatibility of metallic divertor with integrated high performance
plasmas as early as possible. Thereby obtained physical and engineering outcomes from JT-
60SA would be of great use for ITER and DEMO.

4. Research Collaboration

The JT-60SA Project is implemented by close collaboration between the EU and Japan. The
Integrated Project Team (IPT) was organized to promote collaboration, which consists of the
EU Home Team (EU-HT), the JA Home Team (JA-HT) and the PT. The EU-HT consists of
staff of F4E and European Voluntary Contributor designated institutes (VC), i.e. CEA,
CIEMAT, Consorzio RFX, ENEA, KIT and SCK-CEN. The JA-HT consists of QST staff.
In addition, European and Japanese researchers from universities and institutes come to join the
JT-60SA Project through EUROfusion via F4E in Europe and also through Fusion Energy
Forum in Japan to examine JT-60SA research items in detail. All of these researchers together
with IPT members compose “JT-60SA Research Unit” as shown in Figure 6.
On the basis of a wide operational range of JT-60SA, essential issues to be addressed for ITER
and DEMO are examined in eight major research areas: (i) operation regime development, (ii)
MHD stability and control, (iii) transport and confinement, (iv) high energy particle behavior,
(v) pedestal and edge physics, (vi) divertor, scrape off layer and plasma-material interaction,
(vii) fusion engineering, and (viii) theoretical models and simulation codes. They are
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summarized in the “JT-60SA Research

Plan (SARP)” [10]. Research items of
JT-60SA in each research phase
necessary to promote ITER and DEMO
are described in detail. The latest SARP
(version 3.3) [10] by 378 co-authors
from EU and Japan was opened to the
public in March 2016. The SARP has
been updated periodically incorporating FIG. 6. Structure of JT-60SA Research Unit
the update of ITER research plan and
the modification of the DEMO target
region.
JT-60SA Research Coordination
Meeting attended by European and
Japanese researchers has been held
almost every year to discuss update of
the SARP as well as related specific
collaborative research. In order to
establish an operation scenario from the
current ramp-up through the flat-top Fig. 7. Integrated Modelling Code being developed in QST
covering both core and SOL/divertor
plasmas consistently, an Integrated Modelling Code made up of transport codes of energetic
particles, bulk plasma and SOL/divertor plasma as well as MHD stability analysis code has
been developed in QST as shown in Figure 7.

5. Procurement Status of Components and Systems

Procurement of JT-60SA components and systems is made up of the BA part and the NA part.
In the BA part, 27 procurement arrangements (PAs) in total (JA: 14 PAs, EU: 13 PAs) were
established as of the end of September 2016, which cover about 95% value of the in-kind
contributions of STP. The EU-HT is responsible for the procurements assigned to EU, in
particular their manufacture and quality assurance. The JA-HT is responsible for procurements
assigned to Japan, and also integration and quality assurance of NA contributions. Existing JT-
60U facilities, e.g. transformer substation, motor generators, etc., are also reused as much as
possible in order to suppress the overall project cost. Progress meetings and technical meetings
are held quite frequently among IPT members. They identify and settle problems in the early
stages and develop strategies to keep momentum of the project. Such strong collaboration
among IPT members is a powerful driving force of this project.

5.1.Magnets

All of the major coils of JT-60SA are superconducting coils. Eighteen Toroidal Field (TF) coils
and six Equilibrium Field (EF) coils use NbTi strand, and four Central Solenoid (CSs) modules
use Nb3Sn strand.
Twenty D-shaped TF coils including two spare coils with a height of 7.4m and a width of 4.5m
are being fabricated in EU. Rectangular shaped steel-jacketed NbTi cable-in-conduit
conductors (CICC) (outer dimensions: 22x26 mm2) are used for the TF coils. One conductor is
wound to form one D-shaped double pancake (DP). Six DPs are stacked up and connected to
form a winding pack (WP) for a TF coil. Fabrication of WPs and their impregnation are being
carried out in France and Italy. In parallel, TF coil casings are being manufactured. Impregnated
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FIG. 8. TF coils with outer inter-coil structure

FIG. 9. Upper equilibrium field coils
WPs are incorporated with TF coil casings. Finally
machining and piping installation are conducted to complete
one TF coil. It takes about one year from the winding of the
superconductor to the finished product in the first several
coils. Every TF coil is sent to the cold test facility in Saclay,
France, to conduct performance tests including full current
(25.7 kA) test at the cryogenic temperature of 4.5~7 K. After
the cold test, an outer inter-coil structure (OIS) is fixed to the
outboard side (low field side) of each TF coil, which
withstands electromagnetic force applied to the TF coils
during operation. Both the inboard side (high field side) of
the TF coil casing and the OIS also have helium cooling pipes
to facilitate cooldown of the TF coil from outside. Figure 8
shows TF coils with OIS arrived at the Naka site.
The poloidal field coil system of JT-60SA is made up of six
different size EF coils (EF1~EF6) and four identical CS
modules (CS1~CS4), both of which are procured by Japan
[11]. The former uses NbTi CICC (outer dimensions: FIG. 10. winding packs of CS module
25x25mm2 and 27.7x27.7mm2), and the latter Nb3Sn CICC (outer dimensions: 27.9x27.9mm2).
EF1 (outer diameter 12.0m), EF2 (9.6m) and EF3 (4.4m) (see Figure 9) will be put above the
mid-plane of the torus, and EF4 (4.4m), EF5 (8. 1m) and EF6 (10.5m) will be put below the
mid-plane. All the EF coils except for EF4 were fabricated in the Naka site because they are
too large to transport on the public road. In spite of their huge size, they are carefully fabricated
to keep a high degree of circularity to
avoid generating error field. The current
central position of EF1, EF2, EF3, EF4,
EF5 and EF6 is 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.2mm,
0.6mm, 0.6mm and 1.3mm from the
stacking center, respectively, which are
much smaller than the corresponding
tolerances of 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 6mm,
7mm and 8mm, respectively.
One CS module with an outer diameter of
1.99m and a height of 1.60m is made up of
FIG. 11. High temperature superconductor current
six octa-pancakes and one quadra-pancake leads for TF coils
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as shown in Figure 10. After the winding of the

conductors, heat treatment at 650°C is given.
Fabrication of CS1 was completed and sent to
National Institute for Fusion Science to conduct
cold test under the operational condition. All the
CSs will be delivered to the Naka site by
November 2017.

5.2.Magnet Shared Components

High temperature superconductor current leads

(HTS-CLs) using bismuth alloy (Bi-2223/AgAu) FIG. 12. Layout of Coil Terminal Boxes,
are set up between the superconducting coils Valve Boxes and Cryolines
(~4K) and the external feeders (~300K) [12].
HTS-CLs keep superconductivity up to 60 K and substantially save cooling power of the
cryogenic system. Three pairs of HTS-CLs for TF coils (TF01~TF06, nominal current 25.7 kA)
(Figure 11) as well as six pairs for EF coils and four pairs for CS modules (PF01~PF20, nominal
current 20 kA) have been fabricated in Germany. They all receive a full current test by CuLTKa
test facility. Delivery of the final ten HTS-CLs to Japan is planned in 2017. Five coil terminal
boxes (CTBs) for current feeding and eleven Valve Boxes (VBs) for helium feeding will be set
up around cryostat as shown in Figure 12 [13]. They contain HTS-CLs, feeders, helium cooling
pipes of various temperature. Their design and layout have been carefully examined to secure
accessibility of heating and diagnostics system to the ports.

5.3.Vacuum Vessel

Figure 13 shows the Vacuum Vessel (VV) of JT-60SA procured by Japan. It is a double-walled
structure made from SUS316L having 18mm shell thickness and a cavity of about 160mm wide
between the shells [14]. This cavity is filled with borated water to reduce the neutron budget
during deuterium operation. It also allows heated nitrogen gas flow for baking of the VV at
200°C after draining the borated water.
The VV was divided into ten VV sectors: seven 40° sectors, two 30° sectors and one 20° sector.
The inboard side and the outboard side of each VV sectors were manufactured separately in the
factory and welded together in the Naka site. Then they were carried onto the Cryostat base
(CB) one by one. Careful grooving processing was performed during welding of adjoining VV
sectors. The end faces of each VV sector were
locally corrected by applying pressure of jacks
and heat input in order to avoid misalignment.
The direct-joint welding and the welding with a
splice plate were adopted. The degree of
contraction observed during the welding R&D
was taken into account when deciding the width
of the splice plates [15]. Welding work and
radiographic testing were carried out alternately
to avoid formation of voids in the welded part.
Finally they were welded to form a 340° torus
structure in September 2015. The measured
displacement of the VV sectors from the
designed value is +5mm/-5mm horizontally and FIG. 13. Vacuum vessel, ports and bellows
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up to -4mm vertically, which are within the tolerance of +30mm/-30mm and +6mm/-4mm,
respectively.
Various shapes of fifty-five ports and port bellows were fabricated for the VV. The largest port
opening is 1.83m vertically and 0.66m horizontally. They cleared the dimensional tolerance of
+2mm/-2mm. Nine VV Gravity Supports with spring plates and oilless bearing were also
fabricated, which not only support the VV but also allow displacement of VV by thermal
expansion due to the various operational modes.

5.4.Thermal Shields

Several kinds of thermal shields procured by Japan are set up to cover major structures of JT-
60SA to keep them at low temperatures against the radiation from warm components. They are
the Vacuum Vessel Thermal Shield (VVTS), the Cryostat Thermal Shield (CTS) and the Port
Thermal Shield. Thermal Shields are normally cooled at 80K by gaseous helium and are of
great use to reduce the electricity consumption of the cryogenic system. All the VVTS and
lower port TS were already fabricated and delivered to the Naka site in March 2016. Designing,
drawing and trial manufacturing of the other TS are being carried out.

5.5.In-Vessel Components

Components such as cryopanels, divertor cassettes, the inboard first wall, the stabilizing baffle
plate with outboard first wall will be installed inside the vacuum vessel. In addition, magnetic
diagnostic coils including magnetic field probes, Rogowski loops, one turn loops, diamagnetic
loops and saddle coils as well as control coils such as FPPCC, EFCC and RWMCC for high N
plasmas will be installed.
The lower divertor consists of a divertor cassette frame and plasma facing components mounted
on it. Coolant pipes for each component are connected to the main coolant pipes of the cassette
frame, and a remote handling (RH) maintenance pipe is connected to the coolant headers in the
VV [16]. A mono-block type Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC) is adopted for the divertor target
plates, which are bolted on cooled heatsinks and allows a heat load of 15 MW/m2 [17]. All the
36 divertor cassettes were manufactured in 2013 and delivered to the Naka site.

5.6.Cryostat

The cryostat of JT-60SA is made up of the cryostat base (CB) [18] and the cryostat vessel body
cylindrical section (CVBCS) procured by the EU [19] as well as the cryostat top lid (CTL)
procured by Japan (Figure 14(a)). The cryostat provides a vacuum boundary to insulate heat
load from outside at room temperature to the components operated at cryogenic temperature
such as superconducting coils. The CB with a diameter of 11.95m, a height of 2.84m and a
weight of 260 ton
installed in the torus
hall in March 2013
becomes a gravity
support for the
vacuum vessel and
superconducting
coils. Careful
fabrication of CB
provides remarkable
flatness of its top FIG. 14. (a) Structure of JT-60SA cryostat, (b) sectors of CVBCS
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plate within 0.5 mm accuracy. The

CVBCS with a diameter of
13.47m and a weight of 175 ton is
made up of four upper sectors and
eight lower sectors. Vertical and
horizontal ribs are set up on the
surface of the vessel in order to
avoid deformation of the structure
which may be caused by a lot of
openings for the pipes of feeder,
cryoline, heating and diagnostics.
It is being fabricated in Spain as
shown in Figure 14(b), and will be
delivered to the Naka site in the
FIG. 15. Facilities of cryogenic system
middle of 2017. Detailed design of
the CTL with a diameter of 11.6m and a weight of 45 ton was already completed. The CTL PA
will be concluded in 2016 followed by its fabrication.

5.7.Cryogenic System

The Cryogenic System procured by the EU is composed of six gaseous helium storage vessels,
eight warm compressors, four helium compressors, a Refrigerator Cold Box (RCB) for
producing helium at cryogenic temperature, an Auxiliary Cold Box (ACB) for distribution of
the cryogenic flows as shown in Figure 15 [20].
The Cryogenic System supplies helium to the magnet system (4.4K), cryopumps (3.7K), HTS-
CLs (50K) and the thermal shields (80K). The total equivalent power at 4.5K is about 9kW. It
is the largest refrigerators for a nuclear fusion facility before ITER. The ACB and RCB were
delivered to the Naka site in April 2015 and the helium storage vessels in May 2015.
Commissioning of the Cryogenic System with various operation modes related to the actual
experimental condition (operation, baking, stand-by, etc.) were completed in October 2016.

5.8.Power Supplies

Most of the power supply systems of JT-60SA have been newly manufactured due to the
adoption of superconducting magnet system [21]. Additional power supply systems for in-
vessel normal conductor coils have been also fabricated.
The Super Conducting Magnet Power Supplies (SCMPS), a procurement shared by France and
Italy, are based on ac/dc thyristor converters: one unit for TF coils (25.7 kA, 80 V, steady state)
and ten units for PF coils (±20 kA, ±1 kV, 100s/1800s duty cycle). About half of SCMPS were
delivered to the Naka site in June 2016 and were installed (see Figure 16). All the remaining
SCMPS will be delivered by autumn 2017.
The Quench Protection Circuits (QPC) protect the SC coils (TF coils, EF coils and CS modules)
in case of quench by fast extraction of the
stored energy. The QPCs made up of
three units (25.7 kA, 2.8 kV) for TF coils
and ten units (±20 kA, ±3.8 kV) for PF
coils are based on dc hybrid mechanical-
static circuit breakers. They were
developed and fabricated in Italy and
FIG. 16. SCMPS installed in the Naka site
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delivered to the Naka site in September 2014. The commissioning and final acceptance tests of
the QPC were completed in June 2015.
The Switching Network Unit (SNU) for CS modules which produces high voltage for the
plasma break down and current ramp-up were manufactured in Italy in 2015 and delivered to
the Naka site in September 2016. Two SNUs for EF3 and EF4 procured by Japan were delivered
to Naka in 2015. All the SNUs are rated for 20 kA and 5 kV and implement dc hybrid
mechanical-static circuit breakers too.
The PS for the upper/lower FPPCC (±5 kA and ±1 kV) are ac/dc thyristor converters which
control the vertical and horizontal position of the plasma against small plasma perturbations
such as a minor disruption. They are procured by Italy and were delivered to the Naka site in
June 2016. The PSs for the RWMCC, EFCC and ECRF are also being manufactured.
The Magnet Power Supply Water Cooling System (MPS-WCS) procured by Japan for the PS
of TF coils and PF coils was installed on the Naka site. On-site work and commissioning were
completed in March 2015.
Electric power supply system in the Naka site has been also carefully reconsidered. Former JT-
60 used three motor generators (MGs) to accumulate and supply electric power to the coils and
heating system in order to mitigate perturbation to the commercial power grid. JT-60SA will
reuse two motor generators: H-MG with 400MVA/2.6GJ and T-MG with 215MVA/4.0GJ, as
well as electric power directly from 275kV power grid. All of them in total cover 100 sec
operation with 41 MW heating and current drive. H-MG was overhauled and component parts
were carefully examined in 2015. No serious damage was spotted after the Great East Japan
earthquake in 2011.
The design of the supervisory control system and data acquisition system (SCSDAS) is also
under development. It has roles of human machine interface, discharge sequence control, plant
monitoring, plasma real-time control, power supply control, device protection and discharge
result data acquisition/storage as well as database management roles.

5.9.Auxiliary Heating System

Auxiliary heating systems for the long pulse plasma operation has been developed. Performance
of a gyrotron enabling operation at two frequencies (110 and 138 GHz) was remarkably
enhanced up to 1 MW for 100 sec in 2014 [22]. In 2015 an additional frequency of this gyrotron
at 82 GHz was demonstrated for 1 sec at 1 MW, which is applicable for plasma start-up assist
and wall cleaning. Modification of the magnetic structure of the negative ion source to extract
a uniform beam and control of the plasma grid temperature for stable negative ion generation
allowed 500 keV, 15A beam for 100 sec [23]. Final goal of 22A beams for 100 sec is to be
fulfilled. Positive ion beam acceleration with 2MW (80 keV, 25A) for 100 sec was already
demonstrated for one unit in 2015 by the careful control of arc power and gas injection rate.
Twelve units of P-NBI ensure 24MW heating power.

6. Assembly and Commissioning of JT-60SA

6.1.Assembly Work

Assembly work in the torus hall started in January 2013. First of all the cryostat base (CB) was
placed right in the middle. Three lower EF coils (EF4, EF5 and EF6) were temporarily set on
the CB. The assembly frame surrounding the CB was installed in May 2014.
11 OV/3-3

VV sectors were welded together up to 340°

torus structure in September 2015.
Thereafter a rotary crane was set up on top
of the assembly frame, which carries VVTS
and TF coils to the right position
surrounding the VV. Since February 2016,
20° VVTS sectors with helium cooling pipes
have been installed around the VV as shown
in Figure 17. Installation and connection of
seventeen VVTS sectors covering 340° VV
will be completed in November 2016. From
December 2016, the TF coil will be inserted
through the 20° gap in the torus one by one FIG. 17. Assembly of VV thermal shield onto VV
and installed at their exact positions. The
final 20° VV sector with the last TF coil and VVTS will close the gap of the VV and will be
welded with splice plates to complete the 360° rigid VV structure.
Then the lower EF coils (EF4, EF5 and EF6) will be lifted up and attached to the TF coils. The
upper EF coils (EF1, EF2 and EF3) will be mounted on the TF coils. Four CS modules are
combined by a support structure and tie plates to form a single component. Then it will be
inserted in the center of the torus. Thereafter the CVBCS with CTS, ports with PTS, coil
terminal boxes, valve boxes, feeders, piping for cryogenic system and cooling water and so
forth will be installed. Finally the CTL will be place at the topmost part and welded to the
CVBCS to complete the cryostat structure.
In parallel with the tokamak assembly in the torus hall, commissioning of other components
and systems such as the cryogenic system, power supplies, heating and diagnostics system are
being steadily carried out.

6.2.Assembly Coordination

In order to implement the successive assembly works in the torus hall listed above while
keeping the tight schedule, detailed assembly procedures have been examined beforehand. In
order to avoid rework or serious matters which may cause a great impact on the schedule, design
coordination meetings have been held in QST on a regular basis. In the meeting, interface issues
arising from updated design of components, improvement of assembly procedures to promote
work efficiency and schedule compression, reconsideration of in-factory work and on-site work
for a component, and so on are discussed and optimized. The solution is surely shared among
the people concerned in EU and Japan. Such close communication and information exchange
established between EU and Japan is one of the reason of steady progress of the JT-60SA
Project.

6.3.Integrated Commissioning toward the First Plasma

After the installation work, commissioning of each component and system will be carried out
individually. Then data linkage test including transmission of interlock signal between systems
such as power supply system, superconducting system, heating system and so forth will be
carried out. The supervisory control system and data acquisition system (SCSDAS) is utilized
for this purpose.
Integrated Commissioning (IC) will be implemented thereafter. A detailed plan of the IC among
multiple systems is being arranged: the list of test items for IC is complied, sequence of test
12 OV/3-3

items is decided, necessary implementation time, workforce, consumables are examined and
defined for each test item. The IC plan covers both machine operation and plasma operation,
and the first plasma in 2019.

7. Summary

The JT-60SA Project has progressed quite well since 2007. Procured components and systems
of JT-60SA have been manufactured and delivered to the Naka site one after another. Assembly
of 340° VV and VVTS is almost completed, and installation of TF coils will start soon. In
parallel, commissioning of cryogenic system, power supply system and so on has been carried
out in the Naka site. Thanks to the strong cooperative spirit between EU and Japan, the first
plasma will be achieved in 2019. The collaborative work on JT-60SA is also quite active. The
JT-60SA Research Plan which covers a wide range of research area by using JT-60SA has been
developed on the basis of intensive discussion among European and Japanese researchers. The
JT-60SA Research Plan is periodically updated to fully support the ITER project and DEMO
design activities.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge members of EU-IA, JA-IA, PT and VC for their strenuous
efforts to get over a lot of technical difficulties and persistently proceed with the JT-60SA
Project. The authors also appreciate the members of the European and Japanese fusion
communities who have made great contribution to update the JT-60SA Research Plan in order
to bring out capability of the JT-60 facility to the maximum.
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