Question number 1 to 3 are based on the following text.

Social media platforms have significantly transformed the landscape of political discourse,
offering a space for individuals to engage, discuss, and share political opinions and
information. The immediacy and accessibility of platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and
Instagram have democratized political conversations, allowing users to participate actively in
discussions, express opinions, and mobilize around various political issues.

One notable impact of social media on political discourse is its role in shaping public opinion
and influencing political narratives. Through the rapid dissemination of information, news
stories, and user-generated content, social media platforms have become influential channels
for framing political discussions and shaping the public's perception of political events. Users
have the ability to share and amplify content, which can either reinforce existing beliefs or
challenge established narratives, contributing to the polarization of viewpoints and the
formation of echo chambers within online communities.

Moreover, social media platforms serve as catalysts for political mobilization and activism.
Movements such as the Arab Spring and Black Lives Matter have utilized social media as a
tool for organizing protests, raising awareness, and mobilizing supporters. The viral nature of
content on these platforms enables rapid dissemination of messages, facilitating the
coordination of grassroots movements and allowing marginalized voices to be heard on a
global scale.

However, challenges arise concerning the spread of misinformation and the erosion of civil
discourse within online political spaces. The ease of sharing content without fact-checking
has led to the proliferation of fake news and misinformation, undermining the credibility of
information disseminated on social media. Additionally, the anonymity and distance provided
by these platforms often lead to hostile interactions, trolling, and the silencing of opposing
viewpoints, hindering constructive political dialogue.

1. What is a notable impact of social media on political discourse?

A. Hindering political discussions and preventing user participation
B. Limiting the rapid dissemination of information and news stories
C. Shaping public opinion and influencing political narratives
D. Encouraging constructive political dialogue and consensus-building
E. Avoiding the role of social media in political mobilization

2. How have social media platforms been utilized in political mobilization and activism?
A. By hindering the coordination of grassroots movements and protests
B. By limiting the viral nature of content and message dissemination
C. By avoiding the amplification of marginalized voices and movements
D. By facilitating the coordination of protests, raising awareness, and mobilizing supporters
E. By discouraging the use of social media as a tool for organizing movements

3. What challenge arises from the use of social media in political discourse?
A. Encouraging constructive political dialogue and consensus-building
B. Limiting the spread of misinformation and erosion of civil discourse
C. Hindering the rapid dissemination of information and news stories
D. Fostering a supportive and inclusive online political space
E. Avoiding the amplification of political narratives on social media

Question number 4 to 6 are based on the following text.

The pervasive nature of social media platforms has redefined political engagement by
fostering new avenues for citizen participation and interaction with political processes.
Individuals can engage with politicians, political parties, and governmental institutions
directly, providing feedback, expressing opinions, and participating in online discussions
about various policy issues. Social media has democratized political engagement, enabling
citizens to have a more direct and immediate impact on political discourse and
decision-making.

One notable influence of social media on political engagement is its ability to reach younger
demographics and encourage their involvement in civic affairs. Platforms like TikTok,
Snapchat, and Instagram have become spaces where youth express their political views,
mobilize peers, and engage in discussions that resonate with their interests. The use of
interactive and visually appealing content on these platforms encourages political
participation among younger generations who might otherwise feel disconnected from
traditional political processes.

Moreover, social media acts as a monitoring tool, allowing citizens to hold elected officials
and institutions accountable for their actions. Real-time updates, live streams of political
events, and the sharing of governmental decisions create transparency and visibility,
empowering citizens to scrutinize, comment, and contribute to political debates. The ability
to engage in immediate feedback loops holds public figures accountable and pressures them
to be responsive to the needs and concerns of their constituents.

However, challenges arise concerning the potential for echo chambers and filter bubbles
within social media platforms. Algorithms that prioritize content based on user preferences
may inadvertently limit exposure to diverse perspectives, reinforcing existing beliefs and
opinions. This echo-chamber effect can contribute to polarization and hinder constructive
dialogue among individuals with differing political views.

4. How has social media redefined political engagement?

A. By limiting citizen participation and interaction with political processes
B. By discouraging youth involvement in civic affairs
C. By fostering new avenues for citizen participation and interaction with political processes
D. By avoiding the use of interactive and visually appealing content on platforms
E. By hindering the ability to hold elected officials accountable

5. What is a notable influence of social media on encouraging political participation

among younger demographics?
A Limiting exposure to diverse perspectives and encouraging echo chambers
B. Fostering a disconnect between younger generations and traditional political processes
C. Encouraging the use of traditional media platforms for political engagement
D. Providing spaces where youth express their political views and mobilize peers
E. Hindering citizens from scrutinizing governmental decisions and actions

6. What challenge arises from the use of algorithms in social media concerning political
engagement?
A. Encouraging diverse perspectives and constructive dialogue
B. Fostering a disconnect between citizens and elected officials
C. Limiting exposure to diverse perspectives and reinforcing existing beliefs
D. Encouraging engagement in immediate feedback loops with elected officials
E. Promoting transparency and visibility in political debates

Question number 7 to 9 are based on the following text.

The rise of populism in global politics signifies a notable shift in political landscapes,
characterized by leaders or movements that capitalize on grievances and appeal to the
concerns of the general population. Populist leaders often present themselves as outsiders
challenging the established political elite, advocating for the interests of the "common
people." Their rhetoric often focuses on divisive issues, such as immigration, economic
inequality, and national identity, resonating with sections of society feeling marginalized or
discontented with the status quo.

One significant factor contributing to the rise of populism is the growing disillusionment with
traditional political institutions and establishments. Citizens perceive mainstream political
parties as disconnected from their everyday concerns, leading to a loss of trust in established
politicians and institutions. Populist leaders leverage this sentiment by positioning
themselves as alternatives to the established order, promising to address the grievances of
neglected segments of society.

Moreover, the role of social media and technological advancements has played a pivotal role
in the proliferation of populist messages. Platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube
provide a direct channel for populist leaders to bypass traditional media and communicate
their messages directly to their followers. The rapid dissemination of information and the
ability to create echo chambers contribute to the amplification of populist narratives,
fostering a sense of belonging and solidarity among supporters.

However, challenges arise concerning the oversimplification of complex issues and the
potential erosion of democratic norms. Populist rhetoric often oversimplifies multifaceted
problems, offering simplistic solutions that may lack feasibility or nuance. Additionally, the
polarization fueled by populist movements may hinder constructive political discourse and
compromise democratic principles.

7. What characterizes the rise of populism in global politics?

A. The alignment of populist leaders with the established political elite
B. The focus on unifying society and avoiding divisive issues
C. The appeal to grievances and concerns of the general population
D. The promotion of established political institutions and mainstream parties
E. The absence of disillusionment with traditional political establishments
8. How do populist leaders leverage the disillusionment with traditional political
institutions?
A. By promoting trust in established politicians and institutions
B. By bypassing traditional media and directly communicating through social media
C. By avoiding addressing the grievances of neglected segments of society
D. By fostering a loss of trust in established politicians and institutions
E. By encouraging a sense of belonging and solidarity among supporters

9. What challenge arises from the oversimplification of issues by populist rhetoric?

A. The potential alignment of populist leaders with the established political elite
B. The avoidance of fostering a sense of belonging and solidarity among supporters
C. The hindrance of constructive political discourse and democratic principles
D. The promotion of feasible and nuanced solutions to multifaceted problems
E. The encouragement of trust in established politicians and institutions

Question number 10 to 12 are based on the following text.

Populist movements often advocate for nationalist and protectionist policies, emphasizing
sovereignty and national interests over global cooperation. Leaders associated with populist
movements tend to challenge established international alliances, advocating for a more
inward-looking approach to governance and policymaking.

Impact of populism is the polarization of societies along ideological lines. Populist narratives
often create divisions within societies by framing issues in binary terms, fostering an "us
versus them" mentality. This polarization hampers consensus-building, undermines social
cohesion, and contributes to political deadlock, making it challenging to address complex
challenges that require bipartisan cooperation.

The rise of populism has sparked debates about the erosion of liberal democratic values and
institutions. Critics argue that populist leaders, in their quest for power and popularity, may
undermine democratic norms, such as freedom of the press, an independent judiciary, and
checks and balances. The concentration of power in the hands of charismatic leaders can
potentially weaken institutional mechanisms that safeguard democratic governance.

However, challenges persist concerning the sustainability of populist movements and their
long-term impact on political stability. Populist movements often thrive on short-term
grievances and charismatic leadership, raising questions about their durability and ability to
provide sustainable solutions to societal challenges. The unpredictability and volatility
associated with populist rhetoric may lead to instability and uncertainty in global political
arenas.

10. What impact does populism have on global governance and policy agendas?
A. Advocating for global cooperation and international alliances
B. Emphasizing sovereignty and national interests over global cooperation
C. Encouraging consensus-building and social cohesion
D. Challenging established international alliances and promoting globalism
E. Fostering a bipartisan approach to addressing complex challenges

11. How does populism contribute to the polarization of societies?

A. By encouraging consensus-building and undermining political deadlock
B. By fostering an inclusive "us versus them" mentality
C. By promoting social cohesion and bipartisanship
D. By hindering debates about the erosion of liberal democratic values
E. By avoiding divisions within societies along ideological lines

12. What challenge arises concerning the sustainability of populist movements?

A. The promotion of long-term sustainable solutions to societal challenges
B. The encouragement of stability and predictability in global political arenas
C. The potential erosion of liberal democratic values and institutions
D. The ability to thrive on short-term grievances and charismatic leadership
E. The avoidance of unpredictability and volatility associated with populist rhetoric

Question number 13 to 15 are based on the following text.

Political polarization, characterized by the widening ideological gap between different

political groups, has become a prevalent feature in contemporary societies, notably impacting
political discourse, policymaking, and societal cohesion. It signifies the divergence of
viewpoints to the extremes of the ideological spectrum, leading to increased partisanship,
decreased willingness to compromise, and a sense of "us versus them" mentality within
political factions.

One significant consequence of political polarization is the breakdown of constructive

dialogue and compromise. The rigid adherence to partisan ideologies limits the possibility of
finding common ground on critical policy issues. This gridlock impedes the legislative
process, hindering the ability to address pressing societal challenges and find effective
solutions that benefit the population as a whole.

Moreover, political polarization contributes to the erosion of trust in democratic institutions

and fosters societal divisions. Citizens tend to align themselves more closely with
like-minded individuals, seeking affirmation of their beliefs within echo chambers, which
reinforces pre-existing biases and leads to the dismissal or demonization of opposing
perspectives. This division weakens the social fabric, making it increasingly challenging to
foster a sense of national unity and collective identity.

However, it's crucial to recognize that polarization can have nuanced effects and isn't
inherently negative. It can lead to increased engagement among citizens in political
processes, promoting awareness about key issues and encouraging active participation in
civic affairs. Nevertheless, extreme polarization, when combined with societal division and a
lack of willingness to engage in constructive discourse, poses significant challenges to
democratic governance.

13. What characterizes political polarization in contemporary societies?

A. Decreased societal divisions and increased compromise among political factions
B. A sense of national unity and collective identity
C. Widening ideological gaps and increased partisanship
D. The encouragement of constructive dialogue and compromise
E. The absence of echo chambers and reinforcement of pre-existing biases

14. How does political polarization impact the legislative process?

A. By fostering compromise and facilitating effective solutions to societal challenges
B. By hindering the ability to address pressing societal challenges due to gridlock
C. By promoting trust in democratic institutions
D. By encouraging citizens' alignment with diverse perspectives
E. By avoiding the breakdown of constructive dialogue

15. What positive aspect can arise from political polarization?

A. Increased societal divisions and a weakened social fabric
B. Decreased engagement among citizens in political processes
C. Increased engagement, awareness about key issues, and active participation in civic affairs
D. The dismissal or demonization of opposing perspectives
E. The absence of partisanship and ideological divergence

16. Identify the sentence with the correct placement of adverbs:

A. She performed the song beautifully yesterday at the concert.
B. He almost completed his homework quickly.
C. Quickly he finished his meal after the game.
D. I nearly always go for a jog in the morning.
E. The dog barked loudly in the middle of the night suddenly.

17. Choose the sentence with a correct usage of the past perfect tense:
A. He had went to the store before it closed.
B. By the time they arrived, the movie had already started.
C. I have never seen such a beautiful sunset until yesterday.
D. She had ate dinner before she went to the party.
E. After I finished my homework, I will go out with friends.

18. Identify the sentence with the correct use of the comparative form:
A. She is the most faster runner on the team.
B. The weather today is more hot than yesterday.
C. The new phone is more expensive than the old one.
D. This book is as more interesting as the previous one.
E. He writes better than anyone else in the class.

19. .
Political activism often arises from a desire to address __________ (1) __________ and
advocate for fundamental freedoms and equality. Activists employ various strategies,
including peaceful protests, lobbying, and __________ (2) __________, to effect change and
draw attention to social injustices. Their efforts often focus on influencing __________ (3)
__________ and shaping policies that protect human rights.

A. social issues - demonstrations - government decisions

B. civil rights - petitions - international treaties
C. humanitarian crises - strikes - local communities
D. legislative reforms - sit-ins - corporate entities
E. legal reforms - boycotts - public opinion

20.
The advocacy for human rights often involves challenging __________ (1) __________ and
fighting against discriminatory practices. Activists work tirelessly to raise awareness about
systemic __________ (2) __________ and promote inclusivity and diversity. By engaging in
educational campaigns and initiating dialogue, they aim to dismantle __________ (3)
__________ and create more equitable societies.

A. institutional biases - biases - social inequalities

B. government policies - prejudices - educational systems
C. systemic racism - prejudices - cultural norms
D. societal norms - inequalities - economic disparities
E. discrimination - injustices - systemic barriers