NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths: Exercise-5.1

NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths
EXERCISE- 5.1
Question 1:
The three steps from solids to points are:
(A) Solids - surfaces - lines - points
(B) Solids - lines - surfaces - points
(C) Lines - points - surfaces - solids
(D) Lines - surfaces - points – solids
Answer 1:
(A) Solids - surfaces - lines - points
Question 2:
The number of dimensions, a solid has:
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 0
Answer 2:
(C) 3
1
A solid has shape, size, position and be moved from

one place to another.
So solid has three dimensions.
For example:
Cuboid, Cube, cylinder, cone etc.
Question 3:
The number of dimensions, a surface has:
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 0
Answer 3:
(B) 2
Boundaries of solids are called surface. A surface

(plane) has only length and breadth.
So, it has two dimensions.
For example:
Square, rectangle, circle, trapezium etc.
Question 4:
2
The number of dimension, a point has:
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
Answer 4:
(A) 0
According to Euclid a point is that which has no part

i.e., no length, no breadth and no height.
So it has no dimension.
Question 5:
Euclid divided his famous treatise “The Elements” into:
(A) 13 chapters (B) 12 chapters
(C) 11 chapters (D) 9 chapters
Answer 5:
(A) 13 chapters
Euclid divided his famous treatise ‘The Elements’ into

13 chapters.
Question 6:
3
The total number of propositions in the Elements are:
(A) 465 (B) 460
(C) 13 (D) 55
Answer 6:
(A) 465
The statements that can be proved are called

propositions or theorems. Euclid deduced 465
propositions in a logical chain using his axioms,
postulates, definitions and theorems.
Question 7:
Boundaries of solids are:
(A) surfaces (B) curves (C) lines (D) points
Answer 7:
(A) surfaces
Boundaries of solids are called surfaces.
Question 8:
Boundaries of surfaces are:
4
(A) surfaces (B) curves (C) lines (D) points
Answer 8:
(B) curves
The boundaries of surfaces are curves.
Question 9:
In Indus Valley Civilization (about 3000 B.C.), the

bricks used for construction work were having
dimensions in the ratio
(A) 1 : 3 : 4 (B) 4 : 2 : 1
(C) 4 : 4 : 1 (D) 4 : 3 : 2
Answer 9:
(B) 4 : 2 : 1
In Indus Valley Civilization, the bricks used for

construction work were having dimensions in the ratio
length : breadth : thickness = 4 : 2 : 1.
Question 10:
A pyramid is a solid figure, the base of which is
5
(A) only a triangle (B) only a square
(C) only a rectangle (D) any polygon
Answer 10:
(D) any polygon
A pyramid is a solid figure, the base of which is a

triangle or square or some other polygon.
Question 11:
The side faces of a pyramid are:
(A) Triangles (B) Squares
(C) Polygons (D) Trapeziums
Answer 11:
(A) Triangles
The base of the pyramid may be any polygon but the

side faces of a pyramid are always triangles.
Question 12:
It is known that if x + y = 10 then x + y + z = 10 + z.

The Euclid’s axiom that illustrates this statement is:
6
(A) First Axiom (B) Second Axiom
(C) Third Axiom (D) Fourth Axiom
Answer 12:
(B) Second Axiom
The Euclid’s axiom that illustrates the given statement

is second axiom, according to which. If equals are
added to equals, the wholes are equal.
Euclid’s Axioms
1) The things which are equal to the same thing are

equal to one another.
2) If equals be added to the equals, the wholes are

equal.
3) If equals be subtracted from equals, the remainders

are equals.
4) Things which coincide with one another are equal to

one another.
5) The whole is greater than the part.
7
6) Things which are double of the same thing are equal

to one another.
7) Things which are halves of the same thing are equal

to one another.
Question 13:
In ancient India, the shapes of altars used for house

hold rituals were:
(A) Squares and circles (B) Triangles and rectangles
(C) Trapeziums and pyramids (D) Rectangles and

squares
Answer 13:
(A) Squares and circles
In ancient India, squares and circular altars were used

for household rituals.
The geometry of the Vedic period originated with the

construction of altars (or vedis) and fireplaces for
performing Vedic rites. Square and circular altars were
used for household rituals, while altars, whose shapes
8
were combinations of rectangles, triangles and

trapeziums, were required for public worship.
Question 14:
The number of interwoven isosceles triangles in

Sriyantra (in the Atharvaveda) is:
(A) Seven (B) Eight
(C) Nine (D) Eleven
Answer 14:
(C) Nine
The Sriyantra (in the Atharvaveda) consists of nine

interwoven isosceles triangles.
Question 15:
Greek’s emphasized on:
(A) Inductive reasoning (B) Deductive reasoning
(C) Both A and B (D) Practical use of geometry
Answer 15:
(B) Deductive reasoning
9
The Greeks were interested in establishing the truth of

the statements they discovered using deductive
reasoning. A Greek mathematician, Thales is credited
with giving the first known proof.
Question 16:
In Ancient India, Altars with combination of shapes like

rectangles, triangles and trapeziums were used for:
(A) Public worship (B) Household rituals
(C) Both A and B (D) None of A, B, C
Answer 16:
(A) Public worship
In Ancient India, Square and circular altars were used

for household rituals, while altars, whose shapes were
combinations of rectangles, triangles and trapeziums,
were required for public worship.
Question 17:
Euclid belongs to the country:
(A) Babylonia (B) Egypt
10
(C) Greece (D) India
Answer 17:
(C) Greece
Euclid belongs to the country Greece. Euclid around

300 B.C. collected all known work in the field of
mathematics and arranged it in his famous treatise
called Elements.
Question 18:
Thales belongs to the country:
(A) Babylonia (B) Egypt
(C) Greece (D) Rome
Answer 18:
(C) Greece
Thales belongs to the country Greece. The Greeks were

interested in establishing the truth of the statements
they discovered using deductive reasoning. Thales, a
Greek mathematician, is credited with giving the first
known proof.
11
Question 19:
Pythagoras was a student of:
(A) Thales (B) Euclid
(C) Both A and B (D) Archimedes
Answer 19:
(A) Thales
Pythagoras (572 BC) was a student of Thales.

Pythagoras and his group discovered many geometric
properties and developed the theory of geometry to a
great extent. This process continued till 300 BC. At that
time Euclid, a teacher of mathematics at Alexandria in
Egypt, collected all the known work and arranged it in
his famous treatise.
Question 20:
Which of the following needs a proof?
(A) Theorem (B) Axiom
(C) Definition (D) Postulate
Answer 20:
12
(A) Theorem
The statements that were proved are called

propositions or theorems. Euclid deduced 465
propositions in a logical chain using his axioms,
postulates, definitions and theorems proved earlier in
the chain.
Question 21:
Euclid stated that all right angles are equal to each

other in the form of
(A) an axiom (B) a definition
(C) a postulate (D) a proof
Answer 21:
(C) a postulate
Euclid stated that all right angles are equal to each

other in the form of a postulate.
Euclid’s Postulates
1) A straight line may be drawn from any point to any

other point.
13
2) A terminated line (line segment) can be produced

indefinitely.
3) A circle may be described with any centre and any

radius.
4) All right angles are equal to one another.
5) If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes

the interior angles on the same side of it, taken
together less than two right angles, then the two
straight lines if produced indefinitely, meet on that side
on which the sum of angles is taken together less than
two right angles.
Question 22:
‘Lines are parallel if they do not intersect’ is stated in

the form of
(A) an axiom (B) a definition
(C) a postulate (D) a proof
Answer 22:
(B) a definition
14
‘Lines are parallel, if they do not intersect’ is the

definition of parallel lines.
Euclid summarised these statements as definitions. He

began his exposition by listing 23 definitions in Book 1
of the ‘Elements’. A few of them are given below:
Ø A point is that which has no part.

Ø A line is breadth less length.
Ø The ends of a line are points.
Ø A straight line is a line which lies evenly with the
points on itself.
Ø A surface is that which has length and breadth
only.
Ø Lines are parallel, if they do not intersect.
Ø The edges of a surface are lines.
Ø A plane surface is a surface which lies evenly with
the straight lines on itself.
EXERCISE- 5.2
Question 1:
Euclidean geometry is valid only for curved surfaces.
Answer 1:
15
False
Because Euclidean geometry is valid for the all figures

in the plane.
For example:
Line, points, intersecting lines etc.
Question 2:
The boundaries of the solids are curves.
Answer 2:
False
Because of the boundaries of the solids are surfaces.
For example:
Boundaries of sphere is curved but boundaries of

cuboid are plane surfaces and boundaries of cone is a
plane and curved surface.
Question 3:
The edges of a surface are curves.
Answer 3:
16
False
Because the edges of spherical surfaces are curved but

the edges of cuboidal surfaces are lines.
Question 4:
The things which are double of the same thing are

Answer 4:
True
Since, it is one of the Euclid’s axioms.
Some of Euclid’s axioms:
1) Things which are equal to the same thing are equal

to one another.
2) If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal.
3) If equals are subtracted from equals, the remainders

are equal.

one another.
17
6) Things which are double of the same things are

7) Things which are halves of the same things are

Question 5:
If a quantity B is a part of another quantity A, then A

can be written as the sum of B and some third quantity
C.
Answer 5:
True
Since, it is one of the Euclid’s axioms.
Some of Euclid’s axioms:
1) Things which are equal to the same thing are equal

to one another.
2) If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal.
3) If equals are subtracted from equals, the remainders

are equal.
18

one another.
6) Things which are double of the same things are

Things which are halves of the same things are equal

to one another.
Axiom (5) gives us the definition of ‘greater than’. For

example, if a quantity B is a part of another quantity A,
then A can be written as the sum of B and some third
quantity C. Symbolically, A > B means that there is
some C such that A = B + C
Question 6:
The statements that are proved are called axioms.
Answer 6:
False
19
Because of the statements that are proved are called

theorems.
Euclid used the term postulate for the assumptions that

were specific to geometry and otherwise called axioms.
A theorem is a mathematical statement whose truth
has been logically established. Common notions (often
called axioms), on the other hand, were assumptions
used throughout mathematics and not specifically
linked to geometry.
Question 7:
“For every line l and for every point P not lying on a

given line l, there exists a unique line m passing
through P and parallel to l ” is known as Playfair’s
axiom.
Answer 7:
True
Since, it is an equivalent versions of Euclid’s fifth

postulate and it is known as Playfair’s axioms.
Question 8:
20
Two distinct intersecting lines cannot be parallel to the

same line.
Answer 8:
True
Since, it is an equivalent versions of Euclid’s fifth

postulate.
Euclid’s five postulates
Postulate 1: A straight line may be drawn from any one

point to any other point.
Postulate 2: A terminated line can be produced

indefinitely.
Postulate 3: A circle can be drawn with any centre and

any radius.
Postulate 4: All right angles are equal to one another.
Postulate 5: If a straight line falling on two straight

lines makes the interior angles on the same side of it
taken together less than two right angles, then the two
straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet on that
21
side on which the sum of angles is less than two right

angles.
Question 9:
Attempts to prove Euclid’s fifth postulate using the

other postulates and axioms led to the discovery of
several other geometries.
Answer 9:
True
All attempts to prove the fifth postulate as a theorem

led to a great achievement in the creation of several
other geometries. These geometries are quite different
from Euclidean geometry and called non-Euclidean
geometry.
EXERCISE- 5.3
Question 1:
22
Two salesmen make equal sales during the month of

August. In September, each salesman doubles his sale
of the month of August. Compare their sales in
September.
Answer 1:
Let the equal sale of two salesmen in August be x.
In September each salesmen doubles his sale of

August.
Thus, sale of first salesman is 2x and sale of second

salesman is 2x.
According to Eculid’s axioms, things which are double

of the same things are equal to one another.
So, in September their sales are again equal.
Question 2:
It is known that x + y = 10 and that x = z. Show that z

+ y = 10?
Answer 2:
We have,
23
x + y = 10
and x = z ….(i)
According to Euclid’s axioms, if equals are added to

equals, the wholes are equal.
...(ii)
So, from statement (ii), we get
x+y=z+y ...(iii)
From equation (i) and (iii), we get
z + y =10
Question 3:
Look at the Fig. 5.3. Show that length AH > sum of

lengths of AB + BC + CD.
Answer 3:
From the given figure, we have
24
AB + BC + CD = AD
[AB, BC and CD are the parts of AD]
Here AD is also the parts of AH.
According to Euclid’s axioms, the wholes is greater

than the part.
i.e., AH > AD
So, Length AH > sum of the length of AB + BC + CD.
Question 4:
In the Fig.5.4, we have AB = BC, BX = BY. Show that

AX = CY.
Answer 4:
25
We have,
AB = BC ….(i)
and BX = BY ...(ii)
According to Euclid’s axioms, if equals are subtracted

from equals, the remainders are Equal.
So, on subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i), we

get
AB – BX = BC – BY
⟹ AX = CY [From figure]
Question 5:
In the Fig.5.5, we have X and Y are the mid-points of

AC and BC and AX = CY. Show that AC = BC.
Answer 5:
26
Given that X is the mid – point of AC
1
∴ AX = CX = AC
2
⟹ 2AX = 2CX = AC ….(i)
and Y is the mid – point of BC
1
∴ BY = CY = BC
2
⟹ 2BY = 2CY = BC ….(ii)
Also given that
AX = CY ….(iii)
According to Euclid’s axiom, things which are double of

the same things are equal to one Another.
From equation (iii), we get
2AX = 2CY
⟹ AC = BC [from (i) and (ii)]
Question 6:
In the Fig.5.6, we have BX = 12 AB and BY = 12 BC

and AB = BC. Show that BX = BY.
27
Answer 6:
Given that:
1
BX = AB
2
⟹ 2BX = AB … (i)
and
1
BY = BC
2
⟹ 2BY = BC … (ii)
and AB = BC … (iii)
On putting the values from equations (i) and (ii) in

equation (iii), we get
2BX = 2BY
According to Euclid’s axioms, things which are double

28
∴ BX = BY
Question 7:
In the Fig.5.7, we have ∠1 =∠2, ∠2 =∠3. Show that ∠1

=∠3.
Answer 7:
Given that:
∠1 = ∠2 … (i)
and ∠2 = ∠3 … (ii)
According to Euclid’s axioms, things which are equal to

the same thing are equal to one another.
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
∠1 = ∠3
Question 8:
29
In the Fig. 5.8, we have ∠1 = ∠3 and ∠2 = ∠4. Show

that ∠𝐴 =∠𝐶.
Answer 8:
Given that:
∠1 = ∠3 … (i)
and ∠2 = ∠4 … (ii)
According to Euclid’s axioms, if equal are added to

equals, then wholes are also equal.
On adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
∠1 + ∠2 = ∠3 + ∠4
⟹ ∠ 𝐴 = ∠𝐶
Question 9:
30
In the Fig. 5.9, we have ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵, ∠4 = ∠3. Show

that ∠1 =∠2.
Answer 9:
Given that:
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 … (i)
and ∠4 = ∠3 … (ii)
According to Euclid’s axioms, if equal are subtract from

equals, then reminders are also equal.
On subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i), we get
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶− ∠4 =∠𝐴𝐶𝐵− ∠3
⟹ ∠1= ∠2
Question 10:
31
In the Fig. 5.10, we have AC = DC, CB = CE. Show

that AB = DE.
Answer 10:
Given that:
AC = DC ….(i)
and CB = CE ...(ii)
According to Euclid’s axioms, if equals are added to

equals, the then wholes are also equal.
So, on adding equation (i) and equation (ii), we get
AC + CB = DC + CE
⟹ AB = DE
Question 11:
1 1
In the Fig. 5.11, if OX = XY, PX = XZ and OX = PX,
2 2
show that XY = XZ.
32
Answer 11:
Given that:
1
OX = XY
2
⟹ 2OX = XY … (i)
1
and PX = XZ
2
⟹ 2PX = XZ … (ii)
and OX = PX … (iii)
According to Euclid’s axioms, things which are double

On multiplying equation (iii) by 2, we get
2OX = 2PX
⟹ XY = XZ [From (i) and (ii)]
33
Question 12:
In the Fig.5.12:
(i) AB = BC, M is the mid-point of AB and N is the mid-

point of BC. Show that AM = NC.
(ii) BM = BN, M is the mid-point of AB and N is the

mid-point of BC. Show that AB = BC.
Answer 12:
(i) Given that:
AB = BC … (i)
M is the mid – point of AB.
1
∴ AM = MB = AB … (ii)
2
and N is the mid – point of BC
34
1
∴ BN = NC = BC … (iii)
2
According to Euclid’s axioms, things which are halves of

the same things are equal to one another.
From Equation (i), we get
AB = BC
1
On multiplying both sides by , we get
2
1 1
AB = BC
2 2
⟹ AM = NC [using (ii) and (iii)]
(ii) Given that:
BM = BN … (i)
M is the mid –point of AB
1
∴ AM = BM = AB
2
⟹ 2AM = 2BM = AB … (ii)
and N is the mid – point of BC
1
∴ BN = NC = BC
2
35
⟹ 2BN = 2NC = 2BC … (iii)
According to Euclid’s axioms, things which are doubles

On multiplying both sides of equation (i) by 2, we get
2BM = 2BN
⟹ AB = BC [using (ii) and (iii)]
EXERCISE- 5.4
Question 1:
Read the following statement:
An equilateral triangle is a polygon made up of three

line segments out of which two line segments are equal
to the third one and all its angles are 60° each. Define
the terms used in this definition which you feel
necessary. Are there any undefined terms in this? Can
you justify that all sides and all angles are equal in a
equilateral triangle.
Answer 1:
36
The terms need to be defined are
Ø Polygon is a closed figure bounded by three or

more line segments.
Ø Line segment is part of a line with two end points.
Ø Line undefined term.
Ø Point Undefined term.
Ø Angle in a figure is formed by two rays with one
common initial point.
Ø Acute angle is an angle whose measure is between
00 to 900
Here undefined terms are line and point.
All the angles of equilateral triangle are 600 each

(given)
Two line segments are equal to the third-one (given)
Therefore, all three sides of an equilateral triangle are

equal (according to Euclid’s axiom, things which are
equal to the same thing are equal to one another).
Question 2:
Study the following statement:
37
“Two intersecting lines cannot be perpendicular to the

same line”.
Check whether it is an equivalent version to the

Euclid’s fifth postulate.
[Hint: Identify the two intersecting lines l and m and

the line n in the above statement.]
Answer 2:
Two equivalent versions of Euclid’s fifth postulate are
Ø For every line L and for every point P not lying on

L, there exists a unique line M passing through P
and parallel to L.
Ø Two distinct intersecting lines cannot be parallel to
the same line.
From above two segments it is clear that given

statement is not an equivalent versions to the Euclid’s
fifth postulate.
Question 3:
Read the following statements which are taken as

axioms:
38
(i) If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then

corresponding angles are not necessarily equal.
(ii) If a transversal intersect two parallel lines, then

alternate interior angles are equal.
Is this system of axioms consistent? Justify your

answer.
Answer 3:
A system of axiom is called consistent, if there is no

statement which can be deduced from these axioms
such that it contradicts any axiom.
We know that, if a transversal intersects two parallel

lines, then each pair of corresponding angles are equal,
which is a theorem. So, Statement (i) is false and not
an axiom.
Also, we know that, if a transversal intersects two

parallel line, then each pair of alternate interior angles
are equal. It is also a theorem. So, Statement (ii) is
true and an axiom.
39
Thus, in given statements, first is false and second is

an axiom.
Hence. Given system of axioms is not consistent.
Question 4:
Read the following two statements which are taken as

axioms:
(i) If two lines intersect each other, then the vertically

opposite angles are not equal.
(ii) If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of two

adjacent angles so formed is equal to 180°.
Is this system of axioms consistent? Justify your

answer.
Answer 4:
A system of axiom is called consistent, if there is no

statement which can be deduced from these axioms
such that it contradicts any axiom.
We know that, if two lines intersect each other, then

the vertically opposite angles are equal. It is a
40
theorem, so given statement (i) is false and not an

axiom.
Also, we know that, if a ray stands on line, then the

sum of two adjacent angles so formed is equal to 1800.
It is an axiom. So, given statement (ii) is true and an
axiom.
Thus, in given statements, first is false and second is

true.
Hence, given system of axioms is not consistent.
Question 5:
Read the following axioms:
(i) Things which are equal to the same thing are equal
to one another.
(ii) If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal.
(iii) Things which are double of the same thing are

Check whether the given system of axioms is

consistent or inconsistent.
41
Answer 5:
Some of the Euclid’s axioms are
ü The things which are equal to the same thing are

ü If equals be added to the equals, the wholes are
equal.
ü If equals be subtracted from equals, the
remainders are equals.
ü Things which coincide with one another are equal
to one another.
ü The whole is greater than the part.
ü Things which are double of the same thing are
ü Things which are halves of the same thing are
Given axioms are:
(i) Things which are equal to the same thing are equal
to one another.
(ii) If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal.
42
(iii) Things which are double of the same things are

Thus, given three axioms are Euclid’s axioms which do

not contradicts any axioms. So, given system of
axioms is consistent.
43

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NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

The three steps from solids to points are:

(A) Solids - surfaces - lines - points

(B) Solids - lines - surfaces - points

(C) Lines - points - surfaces - solids

(D) Lines - surfaces - points – solids

(A) Solids - surfaces - lines - points

The number of dimensions, a solid has:

A solid has shape, size, position and be moved from

So solid has three dimensions.

Cuboid, Cube, cylinder, cone etc.

The number of dimensions, a surface has:

Boundaries of solids are called surface. A surface

So, it has two dimensions.

Square, rectangle, circle, trapezium etc.

The number of dimension, a point has:

According to Euclid a point is that which has no part

Euclid divided his famous treatise “The Elements” into:

(A) 13 chapters (B) 12 chapters

(C) 11 chapters (D) 9 chapters

Euclid divided his famous treatise ‘The Elements’ into

The total number of propositions in the Elements are:

(A) 465 (B) 460

The statements that can be proved are called

Boundaries of solids are:

(A) surfaces (B) curves (C) lines (D) points

Boundaries of solids are called surfaces.

Boundaries of surfaces are:

(A) surfaces (B) curves (C) lines (D) points

The boundaries of surfaces are curves.

In Indus Valley Civilization (about 3000 B.C.), the

In Indus Valley Civilization, the bricks used for

A pyramid is a solid figure, the base of which is

(A) only a triangle (B) only a square

(C) only a rectangle (D) any polygon

(D) any polygon

A pyramid is a solid figure, the base of which is a

The side faces of a pyramid are:

(A) Triangles (B) Squares

(C) Polygons (D) Trapeziums

The base of the pyramid may be any polygon but the

It is known that if x + y = 10 then x + y + z = 10 + z.

(A) First Axiom (B) Second Axiom

(C) Third Axiom (D) Fourth Axiom

(B) Second Axiom

The Euclid’s axiom that illustrates the given statement

1) The things which are equal to the same thing are

2) If equals be added to the equals, the wholes are

3) If equals be subtracted from equals, the remainders

4) Things which coincide with one another are equal to

5) The whole is greater than the part.

6) Things which are double of the same thing are equal

7) Things which are halves of the same thing are equal

In ancient India, the shapes of altars used for house

(A) Squares and circles (B) Triangles and rectangles

(C) Trapeziums and pyramids (D) Rectangles and

(A) Squares and circles