MATHEMATICS

F.Sc / ICS – Ist Year

Question Bank

Chapter 1
Exercise 1.1
Short Questions
1. Does the set 1, 1 possess closure property with respect to addition and multiplication?
a c
2. Prove that   ad  bc
b d
a ka
3. Prove that  , (k  0)
b kb
4. Define additive inverse and additive identity property of real numbers.
5. Name the properties used in equations 100  0  100, 1000 1  1000
6. State trichotomy property of real numbers.
7. Prove that √ is an irrational number.
a b ab
8. Prove the rule of addition  
c c c
a c

9. Simplify b d by justifying each step.
a c

b d
Exercise 1.2
Short Questions
21
1. Simplify  1 2
2. Simplify (5,  4)(3,  2) and write the answer as a complex number.
3. Simplify (2, 6)  (3, 7) and write the answer as a complex number.
4. Find the multiplicative inverse of (i) (4, 7) (ii)  2,  5  (iii) 1  2i (iv) a  bi
5. Factorize (i) a2  4b2 (ii) 9a2  16b2 (iii) 3x2  3 y 2
 2  3i 
2
i
6. Separate into real and imaginary parts of (i) (ii)
1 i 1 i
Exercise 1.3
Short Questions
1. If z1 and z2 are complex numbers, then show that z1  z2  z1  z2
2. Prove that z1 , z2  C z1 z2  z1 z2
3. z1 , z2  C prove that z1 z2  z1 z2
z  C prove that z z  z
2
4.
5. Find the modulus of complex number 1  i 3
6. Express the complex number 1  i 3 in polar form.
7. State the De Moiver’s theorem.
 
3
8. Find the real and imaginary parts of 3i

9. Prove that z  z iff z ir real.

 (ii)  z  z  is a real number.
2 2
10. Show that z  C (i) z 2  z is a real number.
3
 1 3 
(ii)  a  bi 
2
11. Simplify (i)    i 
 2 2 

Chapter 2
Exercise 2.1
Short Questions
1. Define power set of a set and give one example.
2. Differentiate between equal and equivalent sets with example.
3. Write the descriptive and tabular form of
(i)  x x  N  4  x  12 (ii)  x x  E  4  x  10 (iii)  x x  P  x  12
4. What is difference between a, b and a, b ?
5. Write down two proper subsets of 0, 1
6. Write the power set of a,b, c
7. If B  1,2,3 , then find the power set of B i.e., P( B)
8. Write the power set of , , , 
Exercise 2.2
Short Questions
1. Exhibit A  B and B  A by Venn diagram, when
(i) A and B are overlapping sets. (ii) A and B are disjoint sets. (iii) A  B
2. Show A  B and B  A by Venn diagram, when
(i) A and B are overlapping sets. (ii) A and B are disjoint sets. (iii) A  B (iv) B  A
3. Use Venn diagram, verify that A  B  A  B
Exercise 2.3
Short Questions
1. Verify commutative property of union and intersection for sets A  1,2,3,4,5 , B  4,6,8,10
2. Let U = The set of the English alphabet
A   x x is a vowel , B   y y is a consonant
Verify De Morgan’s Laws for these sets.
3. From suitable properties of union and intersection deduce A  ( A  B)  A  ( A  B)
Exercise 2.4
Short Questions
1. Define disjunction.
2. Define Aristotelian logic.
3. Define tautology and absurdity.
4. Write the converse, inverse and contrapositive of p  q
5. Construct the truth table for the statement  p  q    p q 
6. Construct truth table and show that the statement  p  q   p is a tautology or not.
7. Show that the statement p   p  q  is tautology.
8. Show that the statement q   p  q   p is tautology.
9. Construct truth table of  p  p    p  q 
10. Construct truth table of  p p   q
11. Prove that p   p q    p  q   p   p q 
 Exercise 2.5
Short Questions
1. Just, convert  A  B   A  B and  A  B   A  B into logical form.
2. Convert the theorem A  ( B  C)  ( A  B)  ( A  C) to logical form.
Exercise 2.6
Short Questions
1. Define bijective function.
2. For the set A  1,2,3,4 , find the relations in A. State the domain and range of each relation.
(i)  x, y  y  x  5 (ii)  x, y  y  x  5 (ii)  x, y  y  x  5
3. Find the inverse of each of the following relations. Tell whether each relation and its inverse is a
function or not:
(i) (1,3),(2,5),(3,7),(4,9),(5,11) (ii) ( x, y ) y 2  4ax, x  0
Exercise 2.7
Short Question
Give the table for addition of elements of residue classes of modulo 4.
Exercise 2.8
Short Questions
1. Define Semi group.
2. Define Monoid.
3. Define a Group.
4. Define unary and binary operations.
5. Prove that the identity element e in a group is unique.
6. Prove that inverse of each element in a group is unique.
7. Show that whether set of rational numbers is a group under multiplication.
8. Show that set of natural numbers is a monoid under multiplication.
If a, b are elements of a group G , then show that  ab   b 1a 1
1
9.
10. If a, b are elements of a group G , solve ax  b

Chapter 3
Exercise 3.1
Short Questions
1. Define diagonal matrix and give one example.
2. Define scalar matrix and give one example.
i 0 
3. If A    , show that A  I 2
4

1  i 
4. Find x and y if
x  3 1   2 1
(i)  3 3 y  4    3 2 
   
 x  3 1   y 1 
(ii)  3 3 y  4    3 2 x 
   
2 0 x   1 x y   4 2 3
5. Find x and y if    2  
1 y 3  0 2 1  1 6 1 
1 2 0 0
6. If A    and A2    , find the values of a and b .
a b  0 0
  1 1 1 0 
7. If A    and A2    , find the values of a and b .
a b  0 1 
 5 2 2 1 
8. Find the matrix X if   X  
 2 1   5 10 
Exercise 3.2
Short Questions
 2 1 3 0 
1. If A   1 0 4 2  , then find (At )t .
 3 5 2 1
 3 1  2i i 
2. Find the inverses of (i)   (ii)  
2 1   i i 
3. Solve the equations 2 x1  3x2  5, 5x1  x2  4
4. If A and B are square matrices of the same order, then explain why in general
( A  B)2  A2  2 AB  B2
 2 3 2   2 3 1 
5. Solve the matrix for X , 3X  2A = B if A    and B   
 1 1 5   5 4 1
 1 1 2  3 1 0 
6. Solve the matrix for X , 2 X  3 A  B if A =   and B =  
 2 4 5  4 2 1
Exercise 3.3
Short Questions
1. Define cofactor of an element of matrix.
2. If all the entries of a column of a square matrix A are zero, then show that A  0
3. Write any two properties of determinant.
2a a a
4. Evaluate b 2b b
c c 2c
2 3 1 1 2 3
5. Without expansion show that (i) 1 1 0 0 (ii) 4 5 6 0
2 3 5 7 8 9
6. Without expansion verify that
a
1 a2
bc
   1 1 2 3x
b
(i)    1  0 (ii) 2 3 6x  0 (iii) 1 b2 0
ca
   1 3 5 9x
c
1 c2
ab
bc ca ab
2a 2b 2c
1 1 1
(iv) 0 (v) a  b 2b b  c  0
a b c
a  c b  c 2c
a b c
 1 2 3
7. If A   0 2 0  , then find A12, A22 .
 2 2 1 
 3 1 x 1 2 1
8. Find the values of x if (i) 1 3 4  30 (ii) 2 x 2  0
x 1 0 3 6 x
 3 2 1
9. Find AAt if A   
2 1 3 
4  3
10. Find the value of λ if A = 7 3 6  is singular matrix.
 2 3 1 
 2 1
11. If A    , verify that ( A1 )t  ( At ) 1
3 1 
(ii)  A1   A
1
(i)  AB   B 1 A1
1
12. If A and B are non-singular matrices, then show that
Long Questions
a a a
1. Show that a a a  2
(3a  )
a a a
bc a a
2. Show that b ca b  4abc
c c ab
a bc a b
3. Show that b c  a b  c  a 3  b3  c3  3abc
c ab ca
b  c a a2
4. Show that c  a b b 2  (a  b  c)(a  b)(b  c)(c  a )
a  b c c2
1 2 3
5. If A   0 2 0  , then find A12 , A22 , A32 and A .

 2 2 1 
x 1 1 1
1 x 1 1
6. Show that  ( x  3)( x  1)3
1 1 x 1
1 1 1 x
2 1 0
 
7. Find A1 if A  1 1 0 
 2 3 5 
Exercise 3.4
Short Questions
1. Define upper triangular matrix and give one example.
2. Define rank of a matrix.
3. Define skew-symmetric matrix.
4. Define hermitian matrix.
5. If the matrices A and B are symmetric and AB  BA, show that AB is symmetric.
 i 1  i 
6. If A =   , show that
1 i 
 
t
(i) A  A is hermitian. (ii) A  ( A)t is skew-hermitian.
7. If A is symmetric or skew-symmetric, Show that A2 is symmetric.
 1 
8. If A  1  i  , find A( A)t .
 i 
Exercise 3.5
Short Question
1. Find the value of  for which the system of homogenous equations x1  4 x2  x3  0,
2 x1  x2  3x3  0, 3x1  x2  4 x3  0 has a non-trivial solution.
Long Questions
1. Solve by Cramer’s rule 2 x  2 y  z  3, 3x  2 y  2 z  1, 5x  y  3z  2
2. Solve the system of linear equations 2 x1  x2  x3  8, x1  2 x2  2 x3  6, x1  2 x2  x3  1 by
Cramer’s rule.
3. Use matrices to solve the system x  2 y  z  1, 3x  y  2z  4, y  z  1
4. Use matrices to solve the system of linear equations x  y  2, 2 x  z  1, 2 y  3z  1

Chapter 4
Exercise 4.1
Short Questions
1. Solve the equation x2  7 x  10  0 by factorization.
2. Solve the equation x( x  7)  (2 x 1)( x  4) by factorization.
a b 1 1
3. Solve the equation   a  b; x  ,
ax  1 bx  1 a b
4. Solve the equation x  4 x 1085  0 by using the completing square.
2

5. Solve the equation 15x2  2ax  a2  0 by using the quadratic formula.

Exercise 4.2
Short Questions
1. Define reciprocal equation.
2. Define an exponential equation.
3. Solve the equation x4  6 x2  8  0
1 1
4. Solve the equation x  x  6  0
2 4

5. Solve the equation x2  10  3x1

2 1
6. Solve the equation x 5  8  6 x 5
7. Reduce 2 x4  3x3  x2  3x  2  0 into quadratic equation.
2 1
8. Reduce the equation x 3  8  6 x 3 into quadratic form.
Long Questions
1 x 1 x
1. Solve the equation: 4  4  10
2. Solve the equation: ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)( x  4)  24
3. Solve 32 x1  12.3x  81  0
4. Solve the equation: x4  3x3  4x2  3x  1  0
 2
 1  1
5. Solve the equation:  x    3 x    0
 x  x
Exercise 4.3
Short Question
Define radical equation.
Long Questions
1. Solve the equation: x  7  x  2  6 x  13
2. Solve the equation: ( x  4)( x  1)  x 2  2 x  15  3x  31
3. Solve the equation: 3 x 2  2 x  9  3 x 2  2 x  4  13
Exercise 4.4
Short Questions
1. Show that sum of cube roots of unity is zero.
2. prove that product of all the three cube roots of unity is one.

3. Find the three cube roots of 1,  8,  27

4. Prove that  28   29  1  0 where  3  1
5. Evaluate (1   2 )(1   2 )
9 9
 1  3   1  3 
6. Evaluate       2
 2   2 
    1  
4 4
7. prove that 1  3 3  16
8. Show that x3  y3  ( x  y)( x   y)( x   2 y)
9. Find the four fourth roots of 625, 81
10. Find the equation whose roots are 2 and 2 2 where  is a cube root of unity.
11. Solve the equation x3  x2  x  1  0
Exercise 4.5
Short Questions
1. State the remainder and factor theorem.
2. Show that ( x  2) is a factor of x4  13x2  36.
3. Using factor theorem to show that x  a is a factor of xn  an where n is a positive integer.
4. When the polynomial x3  2x2  kx  4 is divided by x  2, the remainder is 14. Find the value of
k.
5. Use synthetic division to show that x  2, x  3 are the roots of 2 x4  7 x3  4 x2  27 x 18.
Long Questions
1. When x4  2 x3  kx2  3 is divided by x  2, the remainder is 1. Find the value of k .
2. Use synthetic division to show that x  2 is a root of x3  7 x  6. Find its other two roots also.
3. Use synthetic division to find the values of p and q if x  1 and x  2 are the factors of the
polynomial x3  px2  qx  6.
4. Find the values of a and b if 2 and 2 are the roots of the polynomial x3  4x2  ax  b.
Exercise 4.6
Short Questions
1. If ,  are the roots of 3x2  2 x  4  0, find the value of 2 2 .
2. If ,  are the roots of ax2  bx  c  0, a  0 find the value of (i) 2  2 (ii)( )2
 3. If ,  are the roots of x2  px  p  c  0, prove that (1  )(1  )  1  c.
4. Find the condition that one root of x2  px  q  0 is multiplicative inverse of the other.
5. Find the condition that one root of x2  px  q  0 is additive inverse of the other.

6. If the roots of the equation x2  px  q  0 differ by unity, prove that p2  4q  1

Long Questions
  q
1. If ,  are the roots of the equation px 2  qx  q  0, then prove that   0
  p
2. If ,  are the roots of the equation ax2  bx  c  0, a  0, from the equation whose roots are
1 1
 ,  .
 
3 3
3. If ,  are the roots of 5x2  x  2  0, from the equation whose roots are and .
 
1  1 
4. If ,  are the roots of x2  3x  5  0, from the equation whose roots are and .
1  1 
Exercise 4.7
Short Questions
1. Discuss the nature of roots of the equations (i) 25x2  30 x  9  0 (ii) 2 x2  5x  1  0
 1
2. Show that the roots of the equation x 2  2  m   x  3  0, m  0 are real.
 m
3. Show that the roots of the equation (b  c) x2  (c  a) x  (a  b)  0, a, b, c  Q will be real.
4. Show that the roots of the equation px2  ( p  q) x  q  0 are rational.
5. For what values of m will the following equations have equal roots?
(i) (m  1) x2  2(m  3) x  2m  3  0, m  1
(ii) (1  m) x2  2(1  3m) x  (1  8m)  0, m  1
Long Questions
1. Show that the roots of x  (mx  c)  a2 will be equal, if c2  a2 (1  m2 )
2 2

a
2. Show that the roots of (mx  c)2  4ax will be equal, if c  , m  0
m
x (mx  c)
2 2
3. Prove that 2  2
 1 will have equal roots, if c2  a2 m2  b2 , a  0, b  0
a b
4. Show that the roots of the equation (a2  bc) x2  2(b2  ca) x  c2  ab  0 will be equal,
if either a3  b3  c3  3abc or b  0.
Exercise 4.8
Short Questions
1. 1. Solve the system of equations x  y  5 and x2  2 y 2  17
2. Solve the system of equations ( x  3)2  y 2  5, 2x  y  6
Long Questions
2 3
1. Solve the system of equations x  y  5,   2, x  0, y  0
x y
2. Solve the system of equations x2  ( y  1)2  18, ( x  2)2  y 2  21
 Exercise 4.9
Long Questions
1. Solve the system of equations 8x2  y 2 , x2  2 y 2  19

2. Solve the system of equations 12 x2  25xy  12 y 2  0, 4x2  7 y 2  148

3. Solve the system of equations 12 x2 11xy  2 y 2  0, 2 x2  7 xy  60

Exercise 4.10
Short Questions
1. The sum of a positive number and its square is 380. Find the number.
26
2. The sum of a positive number and its reciprocal is . Find the number.
5
3. A number exceeds its square root by 56. Find the number.
4. Find two consecutive numbers whose product is 132.
Chapter 5
Exercise 5.1
Short Questions
6. Define partial fraction.
7. Define an identity.
8. Define proper rational fraction.
9. Define Improper rational fraction.
10. Define conditional equation.
x 2  10 x  13 A B C
11. If    , find the value of A.
( x  1)( x  5 x  6) x  1 x  2 x  3
2

7 x  25
12. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  3)( x  4)
x A B C
13. If    , find the value of B.
( x  a)( x  b)( x  c) x  a x  b x  c
1
14. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  1)(2 x  1)
1 A B C
10. If    , find the value of B.
(1  ax)(1  bx)(1  cx) 1  ax 1  bx 1  cx
Exercise 5.2
Short Question
2x 1
1. Resolve into partial fractions without finding the values of unknown
( x  3)( x  1)( x  2) 2
constants.
Long Questions
5x  2 x  3
2
1. Resolve into partial fractions.
 x  2
3

1
2. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  3) 2 ( x  1)
x 1
3. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  2)( x  1)3
 4 x3
4. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x 2  1)( x  1) 2
Exercise 5.3
Short Question
1
1. Resolve into partial fractions without finding the values of unknown constants.
( x  1) ( x 2  2)
2

Long Questions
9x  7
1. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  1)( x  3)
2

x 2  15
2. Resolve 2 into partial fractions.
( x  2 x  5)( x  1)
x2  1
3. Resolve 3 into partial fractions.
x 1
x4
4. Resolve into partial fractions.
1  x4
x2  2 x  3
5. Resolve 4 into partial fractions.
x  x2  1
Exercise 5.4
Short Questions
8x2
1. Resolve 2 into partial fractions without finding the values of unknown constants.
( x  1)2 (1  x) 2
Long Questions
2
4x
1. Resolve into partial fractions.
( x  1) 2 ( x  1)
2

2x  5
2. Resolve 2 into partial fractions.
( x  2) 2 ( x  2)
 MATHEMATICS
F.Sc / ICS – Ist Year
Question Bank

Chapter 6
Exercise 6.1
Short Questions
1. Write the first four terms of the following sequences, if:
n 2
(i) an = (1) n (ii) an  an1 = n + 2, a1 = 2 (iii) an = nan1, a1 = 1
2. Find the next two terms of the following sequences:
(i) 1, 3, 7, 15, 31,  (ii) 1, 2, 12, 40,  (iii) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 
Exercise 6.2
Short Questions
1. Prove that nth term of A.P. is an = a1 + (n – 1)d where a1 and d are the first term and common
difference respectively.
2. Find the number of terms in the A.P. if; a1 = 3, d = 7 and an = 59.
3. If an3 = 2n  5, find the nth term of the sequence.
4. Find the 13th term of the sequence x, 1, 2  x, 3  2x, 
5. Find the 18th term of the A.P. if its 6th term is 19 and the 9th term is 31.
6. Which term of the A.P. 5, 2, 1,  is 85?
7. How many terms are there in the A.P. in which a1 = 11, an = 68, d = 3?
8. If the nth term of the A.P. is 3n  1, find the A.P.
9. Determine whether  19 is the terms of the A.P. 17, 13, 9,  or not.
2 2 2
 4   7  10
10. Find the nth term of the sequence,  3  ,  3  ,  3  , 
     
1 1 1 2ac
11. If a , b and c are in A.P., show that b = a + c

1 1 1 ac
12. If a , b and c are in A.P., show that the common difference is 2ac

Exercise 6.3
Short Questions
ab
1. Prove that A  , where A is A.M. between two numbers a and b.
2

2. Find three A.Ms between 2 and 3 2.

3. Find A.M. between:
2 2
(i) x  3 and x + 5 (ii) 1  x + x and 1 + x + x
4. If 5, 8 are two A.Ms between a and b, find a and b.
5. Find three A.Ms between 3 and 11.

Long Questions
n n
a +b
1. Find n so that n1 may be the A.M. between a and b.
n1
a +b
2. Show that the sum of n A.Ms. between a and b is equal to n times their A.M.
Exercise 6.4
Short Questions
1. How many terms of the series 9  6  3 + 0 +  amount to 66?
2. Sum the series:
3 5
(i) 3 + (1) + 1 + 3 + 5 +  + a16 (ii) +2 2+ +  a13
2 2
1
(iv) 8  32 + 1 +  + a11 (v) (x  a) + (x + a) + (x + 3a) +  to n terms

1 1 1
(vii) + + +  to n terms
1+ x 1x 1 x
3. How many terms of the series?
(i) 7 + (5) + (3) +  amount to 65
4. Find the sum of 20 terms of the series whose rth term is 3r + 1.
5. Obtain the sum of all integers in the first 1000 integers which are neither divisible by 5 nor by 2.
Long Questions
1. If Sn = n(2n  1), then find the series.
2. The ratio of the sums of n terms of two series in A.P. is 3n + 2 : n + 1. Find the ratio of their 8 th
terms.
3. The sum of 9 terms of an A.P. is 171 and its eighth term is 31. Find the series.
4. The sum of three numbers in an A.P. is 24 and their product is 440. Find the numbers.
5. Find the five numbers in A.P. whose sum is 25 and the sum of whose squares is 135.
6. The sum of the 6th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 40 and the product of 4 th and 7th terms is 220. Find
the A.P.
Exercise 6.6
Short Questions
1. Find the 5th term of the G.P. 3, 6, 12, 
4
2. Find the 11th term of the sequence, 1 + i, 2 + 1 + i .

3. Find the 11th term of the sequence, 1 + i, 2, 2(1  i).

2 2 x+y x+y
4. Which term of the sequence: x  y , x + y, ,  is 9?
xy (x  y)
5. If a, b, c, d are in G.P., prove that a  b, b  c, c  d are in G.P.
a5 4 4
6. Find the nth term of the geometric sequence if; a = 9 and a2 = 9 .
3
 1 1 1 a
7. If a , b and c are in G.P. show that the common ratio is  c
Long Questions
1. Find three, consecutive numbers in G.P. whose sum is 26 and their product is 216.
2. If three consecutive numbers in A.P. are increased by 1, 4, 15 respectively, the resulting numbers
are in G.P. Find the original numbers if their sum is 6.
Exercise 6.7
Short Questions
1. Find G.M. between 2i and 8i
2. Insert two G.Ms. between 2 and 16
3. Insert three G.Ms. between 2 and 32
4. Insert four real geometric means between 3 and 96.
Long Questions
n n
a +b
1. For what value of n, n1 n1 is the positive geometric mean between a and b?
a +b
Exercise 6.8
Short Questions
1 1
1. Find the sum of first 15 terms of the geometric sequence 1, 3 , 9 , 

2. Find the sums of the following infinite geometric series:

1 1 1 1 1 1
(i) 5 + 25 + 125 +  (ii) 2 + 4 + 8 + 
9 3 2
(iii) 4 + 2 + 1 + 3 +  (iv) 2 + 1 + 0.5 + 

(v) 4 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 +  (vi) 2, 2, 1, .

3. Find vulgar fractions equivalent to the following recurring decimals.
.. . ..
(i) 1.34 (ii) 0.7 (iii) 1.147
x 1 2 1 3 2y
4. If y = 2 + 4 x + 8 x +  and if 0 < x < 2, then prove that x = 1 + y

2 4 2 8 3 3 3y
5. If y = 3 x + 9 x + 27 x +  and if 0 < x < 2 , then show that x = 2(1 + y)
2
x x
6. If y = 1 + 2 + 2 + 

y  1
(i) Show that x = 2  y  (ii) Find the interval in which the series is convergent
 
Long Questions
1. Sum to n terms, the series:
(i) 0.2 + 0.22 + 0.222 +  (ii) 3 + 33 + 333 + 
1
2. Sum the series 2 + (1  i) +  i  +  to 8 terms.
 
 2 2 3
3. Find the sum to infinity of the series; r + (1 + k)r + (1 + k + k )r +  r and k being proper
fractions.
81
4. The sum of an infinite geometric series is 9 and the sum of the squares of its terms is 5 . Find the
series.
Exercise 6.10
Short Questions
1 1 1
1. Find the nth term of H.P. , , , 
2 5 8
1 2 1
2. Find the 12th terms of the harmonic sequences 3 , 9 , 6 , 

1 5
3. If the 7th and 10th terms of an H.P. are 3 and 21 respectively, find its 14th term.

4. If 5 is the harmonic mean between 2 and b, find b.

1 1 1
5. If the numbers k , 2k + 1 and are in harmonic sequence, find k.
4k  1
6. If A, G and H are the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means between a and b respectively,
2
show that G = AH.
7. Find A, G, H and verify that A < G < H (G < 0), if a = 2, b = 8
Long Questions
7 7
1. Insert four harmonic means between 3 and 11

1 1
2. The first term of an H.P. is  3 and the fifth term is 5 . Find its 9th term.
n+1 n+1
a +b
3. Find n so that n n may be H.M. between a and b.
a +b
Exercise 6.11
Short Questions
n n n
(i) k (ii)  k2 (iii)  k3
1. Write formulas for k=1 k=1 k=1
2
2. Find the sum to n terms of the series whose nth term is n + 4n + 1

Long Questions
Sum the following series upto n terms:
2 2 2
1. 1  3 + 3  6 + 5  9 +  2. 3  2 + 5  3 + 7  4 + 
3. 2 + (2 + 5) + (2 + 5 + 8) + 
 Chapter 7
Exercise 7.1
Short Questions
8!
1. Evaluate (i) 6! (ii) 4!.0!.1!

2. Write each of the following in the factorial form:

10.9 8.7.6
(i) 2.1 (vi) 3.2.1 (vii) n(n  1)(n  2)

(viii) (n + 2)(n + 1)(n) (x) n(n  1)(n  2)  (n  r + 1)

Exercise 7.2
Short Questions
1. Find the value of n when:
n 11 n n1
(i) P2 = 30 (ii) Pn = 11.10.9 (iii) P4 : P3 = 9 : 1
n n1
2. Prove that Pr = n . Pr1
3. How many signals can be given by 6 flags of different colours when any number of flags can be
used at a time?
4. How many words can be formed from the letters of the word PLANE using all letters when no
letter is to be repeated?
5. How many 3-digit numbers can be formed by suing each one of the digits
2, 3, 5, 7, 9 only once?
6. How many 5-digit multiples of 5 can be formed from the digits 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, when no digit is
repeated.
7. In how many ways can 8 books including 2 on English be arranged on a shelf in such a way that
the English books are never together?
8. In how many ways can 5 boys and 4 girls be seated on a bench so that the girls and the boys
occupy alternate seats?
Long Question
Find the numbers greater than 23000 that can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, without
repeating any digit.
Exercise 7.3
Short Question
1. How many arrangements of the letters of the following words, taken all together, can be made:
(i) PAKPATTAN (ii) PAKISTAN (ii) MATHEMATICS
2. How many arrangements of the letters of the word ATTACKED can be made if each arrangement
begins with C and ends with K?
3. The Governor of the Punjab calls a meeting of 12 officers. In how many ways can they be seated
at a round table?
4. In how many ways can 4 keys be arranged on a circular key ring?
5. How many necklaces can be made from 6 beads of different colours?
Long Question
How many numbers greater than 1000,000 can be formed from the digits 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4?
 Exercise 7.4
Short Questions
n n
1. Prove that Cr = Cnr

2. Find the value of n, when

n n n 12  11 n n
(i) C5 = C4 (ii) C10 = 2! (iii) C12 = C6

3. How many (a) diagonals and (b) triangles can be formed by joining the vertices of the polygon having:
(i) 8 sides (ii) 12 sides
4. In how many ways can a hockey team of 11 players be selected out of 15 players? How many of them will
include a particular player?
16 16 17
5. Show that: C11 + C10 = C11
Long Questions
n1 n1 n
1. Prove that: Cr + Cr1 = Cr
2. Find the values of n and r, when
n n n1 n n+1
(i) Cr = 35 and Pr = 210 (ii) Cr1 : Cr : Cr+1 = 3 : 6 : 11
n n n+1
3. Prove that: Cr + Cr1 = Cr
Exercise 7.5
Short Questions
1. What is sample space and event?
2. A dice is rolled. What is the probability that the dots on the top are greater than 4?
3. What is the probability that a slip of number divisible by 4 is picked from the slips bearing number
1, 2, 3, ………., 10?
Exercise 7.7
Short Questions
1. If sample spaces = {1, 2, 3, , 9}, Event A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and Event B = {1, 3, 5}, find P(A  B).
2. Two dice are thrown. What is the probability that the sum of the number of dots appearing on them is 4 or
6?
Long Questions
1. A dice is thrown. Find the probability that dots on the top are prime numbers or odd numbers.
2. A card is drawn from a deck of 52 playing cards. What is the probability that it is a diamond card
or an ace?
3. There are 10 girls and 20 boys in a class. Half of the boys and half of the girls have blue eyes. Find
the probability that one student chosen as monitor is either a girl or has blue eyes.
Exercise 7.8
Short Questions
Determine the probability of getting 2 heads in two successive tosses of a balanced coin.
Long Questions
1. A die is rolled twice: Event E1 is the appearance of even number of dots and event E2 is the
appearance of more than 4 dots. Prove that:
P(E1  E2) = P(E1) . P(E2)
2. Two coins are tossed twice each. Find the probability that the head appears on the first toss and
the same faces appear in the two tosses.
3. Two dice are thrown twice. What is probability that sum of the dots shown in the first throw is 7
and that of the second throw is 11?

4. A fair die is thrown twice. Find the probability that a prime number of dots appear in the first
thrown and the number of dots in the second throw is less than 5.
Chapter 8
Exercise 8.1
Short Questions
1. State the principle of mathematical induction
2. Show that n3 – n is divisible by 6 for n = 2, 3.
3  5n 1  1
3. Prove that the formula 3  3  5  3  5  2
 35 
n

4
4. Use mathematical induction to prove that 1  3  5   (2n  1)  n2 is true for n  1 and n  2.
n(3n  1)
5. Use mathematical induction to prove that 1  4  7   (3n  2)  is true for n  1 and
2
n  2.
6. Using mathematical induction, prove that 2  4  6   2n  n(n  1) is true for n  1 and
n  2.
1 1 1 1 1
7. Prove that the formula     1 is true for n  1, 2.
1 2 2  3 3  4 n( n  1) n 1
8. Prove that n!  2n  1 for n  4, 5.
9. Prove that 5n  1 is divisible by 4 for n  3, 4.
10. Prove that 5n  2n is divisible by 3 for n  2, 3.
n3  2n
11. Show that represents an integer for n  2, 3.
3
12. Prove that n!  n2 for n  4, 5.
13. Show that inequality 4n  3n  4 holds for n  2, 3.
Long Questions
Use mathematical induction to prove the following formulae for every positive integer n.
n
1. a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) +  + [a + (n  1)d] = 2 [2a + (n  1)d]
2
2 2 2 n(4n  1)
2
2. 1 + 3 + 5 +  + (2n  1) = 3

3 4 5 n + 2 n + 3

3.  + + ++  =  
3 3 3  3   4 
2n1 2n1
4. x + y is a factor of x +y (x  y)
5. Use the principle of extended mathematical induction to prove that
2
n! > n for integral values of n  4
 Exercise 8.2
Short Questions
1. Using binomial theorem, expand the following:
4 8
5  x  x 2y
(i) (a + 2b) (ii) 3a  3a (iii) 2y  x 
   
2. Calculate the following by means of binomial theorem:
3 4 4 5
(i) (0.97) (ii) (2.02) (iii) (9.98) (iv) (21)
6
 a 2
3. Find the general term of 2  a
 
11
3 1
4. Find the specified term in the expansion of 2 x  3x
 
(i) the fifth term (ii) the sixth term from the end

5. Find the term involving:

13
2  2 3
11
(i) x in the expansion of x  2 (ii) y in the expansion of (x  y)
 x
10
5  2 3
6. Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of x  2x
 
2 12
1 x 
7. Determine the middle term in the expansions of  x  2 
 
Long Questions
10
 2 3
1. Find 6 term in the expansion of x  2x .
th
 
2. Find the term independent of x in the following expansions:
10 10 4
 2  1 2 3 1
(i) x  x  (ii)  x + 2 (iii) (1 + x ) 1 + 2
   2x   x
3n
th  1
3. Find (2n + 1) term from the end in the expansion of x  2x
 
n n n  n 
Show that:  1  +  3  +  5  +  + 
n1
4.  = 2
       n  1
Exercise 8.3
Short Questions
2/3
1. Expand (8  5x) upto three terms.
3
2. Evaluate 30 correct to three places of decimal.
3. Expand the following upto 4 terms, taking the values of x such that the expansion in each case is
valid.
1/2 1/3 1/2
(i) (1  x) (iii) (1 + x) (iv) (4  3x)
1 2
(v) (8  2x) (vi) (2  3x)
4. Using Binomial theorem find the value of the following to three places of decimals:

1/3 4
(i) 99 (iii) (1.03) (v) 17
5
(vi) 31
5. If x is so small that its square and higher powers can be neglected, then show that:
1x 3 1 + 2x 3
(i)  12x (ii)  1+2x
1+x 1x
Long Questions
1. If x is so small that its square and higher powers can be neglected, then show that
1/2 3/2
(1 + x) (4  3x)  5x
1/3  4 1  6 
(8 + 5x)  
2
n (1 + x)
2. Find the coefficients of x in the expansion of 3
(1  x)
p q p+q
3. If x is very nearly equal 1, then prove that px  qx  (p  q)x .
2 2
1 1 1.3  1  1.3.5  1 
4. Identify the series as binomial expansion and find the sum of 1  2 . 3 + 2.4  3   2.4.6  3  + 
   
1 1.3 1.3.5
5. Use binomial theorem to show that 1 + 4 + 4.8 + 4.8.12 +  = 2
2 3
1 1.3  1  1.3.5  1  2
6. If y = 3 + 2!  3  + 3!  3  + , then prove that y + 2y  2 = 0
   
1 1.3 1 1.3.5 1 2
7. If 2y =
2
2+
2! . 24 + 3! . 26 + , then prove that 4y + 4y  1 = 0
 MATHEMATICS
F.Sc / ICS – Ist Year
Question Bank

Chapter 9
Exercise 9.1
Short Questions
1. 1. Define Degree and Radian measure of an angle.
2. Convert 21.256o into Do M S  form.
3. Convert 18o 621 to decimal form.
4. Express 75o 630 in radian.
19
5. Convert radians into degree
32
6. Find , when l  3.2m, r  2m
7. Find , when   65o 20, r  18mm
8. Find r , when  56 cm,   45o
9. What is the length of the arc intercepted on a circle of radius 14cm by the arms of a central angle
of 45o?
10. The pendulum of a clock is 20 cm long and it swings through an angle of 20o each second. How
far does the tip of the pendulum move in 1 second?
Long Questions
1. A railway train is running on a circular track of radius 500 meters at the rate of 30 km per hour.
Through what angle will it turn in 10 sec?
2. A horse is tethered to a peg by a rope of 9 meters length and it can move in a circle with the peg
as centre. If the horse moves along the circumference of the circle, keeping the rope tight, how
far will it have gone when the rope has turned through an angle of 70o ?
3. A circular wire of radius 6 cm is cut straightened and then bent so as to lie along the
circumference of a hoop of radius 24 cm. Find the measure of the angle which it subtends at the
centre of the hoop.
1
4. Show that area of a sector of a circular region of radius r is r 2 , where  is the circular measure
2
of the central angle of the sector.
5. Two cities A and B lie on the equator such that their longitudes are 45o E and 25o W
respectively. Find the distance between the two cities, taking radius of the earth as 6400 kms.
Exercise 9.2
Short Questions
1. Define angle and angle in standard position.
2. Define quadrantal angle.
3 3
3. If sin    and     , find cos  .
4 2
9
4. If cos   and the terminal arm of the angle is in quadrant IV, find the values of the remaining
41
trigonometric functions
5. For any real number , prove that 1  tan 2   sec2 
 Long Questions
15
1. 1. If cot   and the terminal arm of the angle is not in quadrant I, find the values of cos  and
8
cos ec.

m2  1  
2. If cos ec  and m  0  0     , find the values of remaining trigonometric ratios.
2m  2
1
3. If tan   and the terminal arm of the angle is not in the III quadrant, find the value of
7
cos ec 2   sec2 
.
cos ec 2  sec2 
5
4. If cot   and the terminal arm of the angle is in the I quadrant, find the value of
2
3sin   4cos 
.
cos   sin 
Exercise 9.3
Short Questions
1. Verify the following.
(i) sin 60o cos30o  cos 60o sin 30o  sin 30o
  
(ii) sin 2  sin 2  tan 2  2
6 3 4
1 3
(iii) 2sin 45o  cos ec45o 
2 2
   
(iv) sin 2 : sin 2 : sin 2 : sin 2  1: 2 : 3 : 4
6 4 3 2
2. Verify the following when   30o , 45o.
(i) sin 2  2sin  cos  (ii) cos 2  2cos2  1
3. Find x, if tan 2 45o  cos2 60o  x sin 45o cos 45o tan 60o
4. Find the values of all trigonometric functions of the following angles
7 19
(i) 420o (ii)  (iii) (iv) 15 (v) 1530o (vi) 2430o.
4 3
Exercise 9.4
Short Questions
1. Prove that cos4   sin 4   cos2   sin 2 
 n 
2. Prove that sec2 A  cos ec2 A  sec2 A cos ec2 A  where A  , nZ 
 2 
1  sin  
3. Prove that  sec   tan , where  is not an odd multiple of .
1  sin  2

4. Prove that cot 4   cot 2   cos ec4  cos ec2, where  is not an integral multiple of .
2
5. Prove that tan   cot   cos ec sec 
6. Prove that sec  cos ec sin  cos   1
7. Prove that cos   tan  sin   sec 
8. Prove that sec2   cos ec2  tan 2   cot 2 
9. Prove that cot 2   cos2   cot 2  cos2 
1  tan 2 
10. Prove that cos 2   sin 2  
1  tan 2 
 sin 
11. Prove that  cot   cos ec
1  cos 
2 tan 
12. Prove that  2sin  cos 
1  tan 2 
1  sin  cos 
13. Prove that 
cos  1  sin 
14. Prove that (tan   cot )2  sec2  cos ec2
15. Prove that sin3   cos3   (sin   cos )(1  sin  cos )
1 1
16. Prove that   2sec 2 
1  sin  1  sin 
Long Questions
tan   sec   1
1. Prove that  tan   sec 
tan   sec   1
1 1 1 1
2. Prove that   
co sec   cot  sin  sin  co sec   cot 
3. Prove that sin 6   cos6   (sin 2   cos2 )(1  sin 2  cos2 )
4. Prove that sin 6   cos6   1  3sin 2  cos2 
cos   sin  cos   sin  2
5. Prove that  
cos   sin  cos   sin  1  2sin 2 
Chapter 10
Exercise 10.1
Short Questions
1. Without using calculator, find the values of
(i) tan(1110o ) (ii) cos(315o ) (iii) tan(135o ) (iv) sin(540o )

2. Prove that sin(180o  )sin(90o  )   sin  cos 

3. Prove that without using calculator cos330o sin 600o  cos120o sin150o  1
4. Prove that without using calculator cos306o  cos 234o  cos162o  cos18o  0
1
5. Prove that without using calculator sin 780o sin 480o  cos120o sin 30o 
2
6. If , ,  are the angles of a triangle ABC, then prove that

   
(i) sin(  )  sin  (ii) cos    sin (iii) tan(  )  tan   0
 2  2
Exercise 10.2
Short Questions

1. Find the values of (i) cos (ii) cos 75o
12
2. Prove that: (i) sin(180o   )   sin  (ii) tan(270o   )  cot  (iii) cos(  180o )   cos
3. Find the values of the following: (i) sin15o (ii) cos105o (iii) tan105o
1
4. Prove that sin(45o  )  (sin   cos )
2
5. Prove that:
   3 
(i) tan(45o  A) tan(45o  A)  1 (ii) tan      tan      0
4   4 
   
(iii) sin      cos      cos 
 6  3
sin(  )  sin(  )
6. Show that  tan 
cos(  )  cos(  )
cot  cot   1 tan   tan  sin(  )
7. Show that: (i) cot(  )  (ii) 
cot   cot  tan   tan  sin(  )
cos8o  sin 8o
8. Prove that without using calculator  tan 37o
cos8  sin 8
o o

Long Questions
4 40   133
1. If sin   and cos   , where 0    and 0    , show that sin(  ) 
5 41 2 2 205
     
2. If , ,  are the angles of a triangle ABC, show that cot  cot  cot  cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
3. If       180o , show that cot  cot   cot  cot   cot  cot   1
Exercise 10.3
Short Questions
3 
1. Find the value of sin 2 and cos 2 when cos   , where 0   
5 2
2. Prove that cot   tan   2cot 2
sin 2
3. Prove that  tan 
1  cos 2
1  cos  
4. Prove that  tan
sin  2
 
sin  cos
1  sin  2 2
5. Prove that 

1  sin  sin  cos 
2 2
6. Prove that 1  tan  tan 2  sec 2
sin 3 cos 3
7. Prove that   2 cot 2
cos  sin 
Long Questions
1. Reduce cos4  to an expression involving only function of multiples of , raised to the first power.
2sin  sin 2
2. Prove that  tan 2 tan 
cos   cos 3
cos 3 sin 3
3. Prove that   4 cos 2
cos  sin 
4. Reduce sin 4  to an expression involving only function of multiples of , raised to the first power.
Exercise 10..4
Short Questions
1. Prove that cos 20o cos 40o cos80o  0 (without using calculator)
2. Express the following as sums or differences:
(i) 2sin 3 cos  (ii) cos( x  y)sin( x  y) (iii) sin( x  45o )sin( x  45o )
3. Express the following sums or differences as products:
(i) sin 5  sin 3 (ii) sin8  sin 4 (iii) cos 7  cos 
sin 3x  sin x
4. Prove that  cot 2 x
cos x  cos 3x
    1
5. Prove that sin     sin      cos 2
4  4  2
6. Prove that cos 20o  cos100o  cos140o  0 (without using calculator)
Long Questions
sin   sin 3  sin 5  sin 7
1. Prove that  tan 4
cos   cos 3  cos 5  cos 7
1
2. Prove that (without using calculator) cos 20o cos 40o cos 60o cos80o 
16
 2  4 3
3. Prove that sin sin sin sin  without using calculator.
9 9 3 9 16
1
4. Prove that (without using calculator) sin10o sin 30o sin 50o sin 70o 
16

Chapter 11
Exercise 11.1
Short Questions
1. Define period of trigonometric function.
2. Write the domain and range of y = sinx
3. Write the domain and range of y = cotx
4. Write the domain and range of y = secx
5. Find the periods of the following functions:
x x x
(i) tan4x (ii) sin (iii) cos (iv) tan
5 6 7
x
(v) cot 8x (vi) sec9x (vii) 3sin x (viii) 3cos
5
Chapter 12
Exercise 12.2
Short Questions
Solve the right triangle ABC, in which  = 90
(i) a  3.28, b  5.74 (ii) b  68.4, c  96.2
Exercise 12.3
Short Questions
1. Define angle of elevation.
2. A vertical pole is 8 m high and the length of its shadow is 6 m. What is the angle of elevation of
the sun at that moment?
3. At the top of a cliff 80 m high, the angle of depression of a boat is 12. How far is the boat from
the cliff?
4. A ladder leaning against a vertical wall makes an angle of 24 with the wall. Its foot is 5 m from
the wall. Find its length.
5. A kite flying at a height of 67.2 m is attached to a fully stretched string inclined at an angle of 55
to the horizontal. Find the length of the string.
6. When the angle between the ground and the sun is 30, flat pole casts a shadow of 40 m long.
Find the height of the top of the flag.
Exercise 12.4
Short Question
Solve the triangle ABC, if  = 60,  = 15, b = 6
Exercise 12.5
Short Questions
1. State law of cosine.
2. State law of tangent.
3. Solve the triangle ABC in which a  7, b  3 and   38o13
Long Question
Solve the triangle ABC using first law of tangent and then law of sines
a  36.21, b  42.09 and   44o 29
Exercise 12.6
Short Questions
1. Solve the triangle ABC in which a  7, b  7, c  9
2. Find the smallest angle of the triangle ABC, when a = 37.34, b = 3.24, c = 35.06.
3. Find the measure of the greatest angle, if sides of the triangle are 16, 20, 33.
Long Questions
1. The sides of a triangle are x2  x  1, 2 x  1 and x2  1 . Prove that the greatest angle of the
triangle is 120o .
2. The measures of side of a triangular plot and 413, 214 and 375 meters. Find the measures of the
corner angles of the plot.
Exercise 12.7
Short Questions
1. Find the area of triangle ABC, in which
(i) a  200, b  120,   150o (ii) b  37, c  45,   30o50
2. Find the area of triangle ABC, in which
(i) b  25.4,   36o 41,   45o17 (ii) c  32,   47o 24,   70o16
3. Find the area of triangle ABC, in which
(i) a  18, b  24, c  30 (ii) a  524, b  276, c  315
4. The area of triangle is 2437. If a = 79 and c = 97, then find angle .
Exercise 12.8
Short Questions
abc
1. Prove that: R =
4

2. Show that: r = (s  a) tan 2
 
3. Show that: r3 = s tan 2
2 2
4. Prove that: (i) rr1r2r3 =  (ii) r1r2r3 = rs
5. Find R, r, r1, r2 and r3, if measures of the sides of triangle ABC are: a  13, b  14, c  15
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
6. Show that: (i) 2rR ab + bc + ca (ii)
= r = r1 + r2 + r3
Long Questions

1. Prove that: r  with usual notations
s
  
2. Show that: r = a sin 2 sin 2 sec 2
  
3. Show that: r1 = 4R sin 2 cos 2 cos 2
2
4. Prove that: r1r2 + r2r3 + r3r1 = s
5. Prove that in an equilateral triangle:
(i) r : R : r1 = 1 : 2 : 3 (ii) r : R : r1 : r2 : r3 = 1 : 2 : 3 : 3 : 3
  
6. Prove that:  = 4Rr cos 2 cos 2 cos 2
7. Prove that: abc (sin  + sin  + sin ) = 4s

8. Prove that: (r1 + r2) tan 2 = c

Chapter 13
Exercise 13.1
Short Questions
1. Define principal sine function.
2. Define principal tangent function.
3. Evaluate without using tables / calculator

(i) cos 1
1
2
(ii) tan 1  3   (iii)
 1 
tan 1 
 3


 2   1 
(iv) cos ec 1   (v) sin 1   
 3  2
4 4
4. Without using table / calculator show that: cos 1  cot 1
5 5
5. Find the value of each expression:
 3  1   3
(i) sin  cos 1  (ii) cos  sin 1  (iii) tan  cos 1 
 2   2  2 
  1    1 
(iv) csc  tan 1 ( 1)  (v) sec  sin 1     (vi) tan  sin 1    
  2    2 
(vii) sin  tan 1 ( 1) 

Exercise 13.2
Short Questions

1. Prove that sin 1 x   cos 1 x
2
 1 1 9
2. Prove that tan 1  tan 1  tan 1
4 5 19
3. Show that cos  sin 1 x   1  x 2

4. Show that sin  2 cos 1 x   2 x 1  x 2

5. Show that cos  2sin 1 x   1  2 x 2
6. Show that cos1 ( x)    cos1 x
Long Questions
5 7 253
1. Prove that sin 1  sin 1  cos 1
13 25 325
2 12
2. Prove that 2 tan 1  sin 1
3 13
120 12
3. Prove that tan 1  2 cos 1
119 13
1 
4. Prove that sin 1  cot 1 3 
5 4
3 8 77
5. Prove that sin 1  sin 1  sin 1
5 17 85
77 3 15
6. Prove that sin 1  sin 1  cos 1
85 5 17
3 3 8 π
7. Prove that tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 
4 5 19 4
1 5 1 1
8. Prove that tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1
11 6 3 2
1 1 π
9. Prove that 2 tan 1  tan 1 
3 7 4
Chapter 14
Exercise 14
Short Questions
1. Define trigonometric equation. Give one example
1
2. Solve the equation sin x 
2
3. Solve 1  cos x  0
4. Solve the equation sin x  cos x  0 and find its general solution.
3
5. Find the solution set of sin x cos x 
2
6. Solve the equation sin x  cos x  1 where x [0, 2 ]
2

7. Find the solutions of equations which lies in [0, 2 ]

3 3 1
(i) sin x   (ii) sin x   (iii) sec x  2 (iv) cot  
2 2 3
8. Solve the equations which lies in [0, 2 ]
4 4 1
(i) cos ec 2  (ii) sec2   (iii) cot 2  
3 3 3
9. Solve the equation 2sin   cos   0 for  [0,  ]
2

10. Find the value of satisfying the equation 2sin 2   sin   0,  [0, 2 ]